North Macedonia

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia
For the region, see Macedonia (region).
Republic of North Macedonia

Република Северна Македонија  (Macedonian)
Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut  (Albanian)
Flag of North Macedonia
Flag
National emblem of North Macedonia
National emblem
Anthem: Денес над Македонија  (Macedonian)
(English: "Today over Macedonia")
Location of North Macedonia (green) in Europe (dark grey)  –  [Legend]
Location of North Macedonia (green)

in Europe (dark grey)  –  [Legend]

Capital
and largest city
Skopje
42°0′N 21°26′E / 42.000°N 21.433°E / 42.000; 21.433
Official languages
  • Official regional languages
Ethnic groups
(2002)
Religion
(2011[3])
Demonym(s)
  • Macedonian
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
• President
Stevo Pendarovski
Dimitar Kovačevski
Talat Xhaferi
LegislatureAssembly
Independence 
8 September 1991
Area
• Total
25,713 km2 (9,928 sq mi) (145th)
• Water (%)
1.9
Population
• 2021 census
Neutral decrease 1,832,696 (preliminary results)[4][5][6]
• Density
80.1/km2 (207.5/sq mi) (122nd)
GDP (PPP)2019 estimate
• Total
$33.822 billion[7]
• Per capita
$16,253[7]
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
$12.383 billion[7]
• Per capita
$6,143[7]
Gini (2019)Positive decrease 30.7[8]
medium
HDI (2019)Increase 0.774[9]
high · 82nd
CurrencyMacedonian denar (MKD)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Date formatdd.mm.yyyy (AD)
Driving sideright
Calling code+389
ISO 3166 codeMK
Internet TLD

North Macedonia (Template:Lang-mk - Severna Makedonija) officially the Republic of North Macedonia (Template:Lang-mk - Republika Severna Makedonija; Template:Lang-sq[11][12]) is a country located on the Balkan peninsula and in Southeastern Europe. It was part of Yugoslavia. North Macedonia borders Serbia to the north, Albania to the west, Greece to the south, and Bulgaria to the east. The country's currency is the Macedonian denar (MKD).

The capital and largest city is Skopje, with more than 500,000 residents. It has many smaller cities. Some important ones are Bitola, Prilep, Tetovo, Kumanovo, Ohrid, Veles, Stip, and Strumica.

North Macedonia is often called a land of lakes and mountains. Three large lakes are on the borders of Albania and Greece, and there are many smaller ones. Sixteen mountains are higher than 2000 meters above sea level.

North Macedonia is a member of the United Nations and World Trade Organization (WTO). It joined NATO on 30 March 2020.[13] Since December 2005, it is a candidate for joining the European Union.[14]

The language spoken by the majority of the population is Macedonian. Albanian is also spoken by the Albanian minority (25%) living in the country. North Macedonia has two official languages, Macedonian and Albanian (since 2019).

History[edit]

Ethnic Macedonians are Slavic peoples. The Slavs invaded and settled the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. What is now North Macedonia used to be the Bulgarian occupation zone of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Vardarska Macedonia became a Communist state in 1945 and called itself the Socialist Republic of Macedonia in the southeastern part of the country of Yugoslavia. When that country broke up in 1991, North Macedonia became independent.[15]

In past centuries the territory which today is the Republic of North Macedonia was ruled by many different states such as Bulgaria and many other empires.

During the Yugoslav Wars, Macedonia was mostly peaceful. However in 2001, fighting broke out between ethnic Albanians and Slavic Macedonians. The fighting ended with the Ohrid Agreement.

Earliest residents[edit]

People have been living in North Macedonia for thousands of years. Neolithic people lived in Macedonia from 7000 to 3500 BCE. The Iliad mentions the Kingdom of Paeonia in Macedonia. From 1000 to 1 BCE, Dacians, Thracians,Illyrians, Celts, and Greeks lived in Northern Macedonia.[16]

Alexander the Great's empire[edit]

The Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia was just hundreds of small, independent, city-states. One example of a city state is Illyria. They sometimes merged together, but not often. One city-state that grew over time was the kingdom of Macedon. The Greek kingdom of Macedon is best known for Alexander the Great. He invaded and controlled the Middle East (excluding Arabia),Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Gujarat state of India.[17] However, when Alexander died in 323 BCE, at the age of 33, he lost his vast empire. The empire was divided into 5 countries, Lysimachia (Macedon), Cassander (Northern Greece), the Antigonid Empire (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Southern Greece), the Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt), and the Seleucid Empire (Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan).[18]

Roman rule[edit]

Towards the end of the 3rd century BCE, the Romans invaded the Balkan peninsula. Illyria was taken over in 9 CE. The North and East of Macedonia were taken over by the Roman Empire in the year 29 CE. They became the Roman province of Moesia. Starting in the 3rd century CE, the borders of Macedonia were being attacked by the Goths, Huns, Bulgars, Avars, and others. In 395 AD, the Roman Empire split in two. They were the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire).

Byzantine rule[edit]

Although, Macedonia was part of the Byzantine Empire, there was little Byzantine influence. In the mid-6th century, Slavic tribes started to settle in Macedonia. From the 7th century to the 13th century, Byzantine Macedonia was governed by local princes and kings, allied with the Byzantine Empire. In the 9th century, the Byzantine Empire brought Christianity to Macedonia. The people who brought Christianity to Macedonia were saints Cyril and Methodius. Their goal was to bring Christianity and the Cyrillic alphabet to Slavs in Europe.

Ottoman rule[edit]

The Ottoman Empire was originally a small city-state in Turkey. The city-state grew, and it invaded Adrianople in 1354. From there, it expanded and took over Turkey. Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, did not get invaded by the Ottomans until 1453. After the Battle of the Maritsa River, the Ottomans conquered southern Serbia and Macedonia. Macedonia was under Ottoman Rule until 1913.[19]

Yugoslav rule[edit]

After the Ottoman Empire dissolved, Macedonia became a part of the newly formed country Yugoslavia. From 1914 to 1941, Yugoslavia was a monarchy. During WW2, the Axis Powers took over Yugoslavia. Macedonia was taken over by Bulgaria. The Axis powers left Yugoslavia after WW2.[20] After WW2, Yugoslavia became a communist state. Josip Broz Tito was the leader of Yugoslavia from 1944 to 1980. In 8 September 1991, Macedonia became an independent state.[21]

Naming dispute with Greece[edit]

Greece and the Republic of North Macedonia were arguing over the name Macedonia. The United Nations calls the Republic of North Macedonia, "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) (Macedonian: Поранешна Југословенска Република Македонија - ПЈРМ - Poranešna Jugoslovenska Republika Makedonija -PJRM). The north and northeast part of Greece has been called Macedonia for ages and officially since 1912, just like Kent, the southeast county of England, has been called Kent for a long time. 'FYROM' is also used by NATO and many other international organisations. But, many countries now call the country 'Republic of Macedonia'. The United Kingdom, for example, uses Republic of Macedonia in the diplomatic list.[22]

On 17 June 2018, North Macedonia and Greece agreed to the Prespa agreement[23][24] which would see the country change its name to the Republic of North Macedonia. The government started completing the constitutional change needed to change the country's name, which was completed on 12 February 2019.

Politics[edit]

North Macedonia is a democratic country with a parliament.

Related pages[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ National and official language in all aspects of the whole territory of the state and in its international relations.
  2. ↑ Co-official language at a state level (excluding defence, central police and monetary policy) and in local self-government units where speakers are 20% or more.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Census final data" (PDF). stat.gov.mk. 2002.
  2. ↑ "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Macedonia, 2002 – Book XIII, Skopje, 2005" (PDF). State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  3. ↑ "Strategies of symbolic nation-building in West Balkan states: intents and results (completed) - Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages". www.hf.uio.no. Archived from the original on 2018-01-20. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
  4. ↑ Simovski: Census has ended successfully, 1,832,696 people enumerated, results by end of March 2022. CIVIL.Today; October 1, 2021.
  5. ↑ Alice Taylor, North Macedonia’s Census Points to Significant Population Decrease. EXITnews; 2021/10/01/.
  6. ↑ Balkan Developments, Census in North Macedonia has been successful. Radio Bulgaria; 10/01/21.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. 20 October 2018.
  8. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  9. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  10. ↑ "Св. Климент Охридски е патрон на македонскиот народ и неговата историја". dnevnik.mk. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "Macedonia officially changes its name to North Macedonia". TheGuardian.com. 12 February 2019.
  12. ↑ http://www.ekathimerini.com/237628/article/ekathimerini/news/fyrom-is-officially-renamed-north-macedonia
  13. ↑ "Из-за коронавируса Северную Македонию приняли в НАТО без свидетелей. Новость в одном фото". BBC News Русская служба (in русский). Retrieved 2021-07-13.
  14. ↑ "After Years of Delay, North Macedonia, Albania Get OK to Begin EU Accession Talks".
  15. ↑ "North Macedonia - History | Britannica".
  16. ↑ "North Macedonia - History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  17. ↑ "Macedonia (ancient kingdom)". Wikipedia. 2020-11-29.
  18. ↑ "Alexander the Great | Biography, Empire, Death, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  19. ↑ "North Macedonia - History". Encyclopedia Britannica=en. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  20. ↑ "World War II in Yugoslavia". Wikipedia. 2020-12-02.
  21. ↑ "Yugoslavia | History, Map, Flag, Breakup, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  22. ↑ "Foreign Embassies in the UK".
  23. ↑ "Greece and Macedonia sign agreement on name change,| Macedonia News | Al Jazeera". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  24. ↑ Kitsantonis, Niki (2018-06-17). "Macedonia and Greece Sign Historic Deal on Name Change". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
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