Janata Dal (United): Difference between revisions

| abbreviation      = [[JD(U)]]

| position          =  

|merger            = {{bulleted list|[[Samata Party]]|[[Lok Shakti]]|Janata Dal (Sharad Yadav Faction) | [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]}}  

| alliance          = {{ubl|[[National Democratic Alliance]]{{br}}(since 2003 except 2013 {{endash}} 2017)|[[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]]{{br}}(2015 {{endash}} 2017)}}

| rajyasabha_seats  = {{Composition bar|5|245|hex={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}}

| state_seats_name  = [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]

|List

|style=text-align:center; |{{Composition bar|45|243|hex={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}} ([[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]) <br/> {{Composition bar|23|75|hex={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}} ([[Bihar Legislative Council]]) <br/>  

{{Composition bar|1|60|hex={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}} ([[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]) <br/> {{Composition bar|6|60|hex={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}}} ([[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]) }}  

|leader=[[Nitish kumar]]|youth=Yuva JDU (Youth JDU)|students=Chhatra JDU|women=Mahila JDU|chairman=[[Nitish Kumar]]|flag=}}

'''Janata Dal (United)''' (“People’s Party (United)”) abbreviated as '''JD(U)'''  is an [[India]]n political party with [[Politics|political]] presence mainly in [[East India|eastern]] and [[North East India|north-eastern]] [[India]].<ref name="elections.in">{{cite web |author=About Janta Dal United (JDU) |url=http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-united.html |title=Janta Dal United (JD(U)) – Party History, Symbol, Founders, Election Results and News |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=12 March 2017 |url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301125016/http://www.elections.in/political-parties-in-india/janata-dal-united.html |archive-date=1 March 2017}}</ref> JD(U) is recognised as a [[States and union territories of India|state]] [[party]] in the states of [[Bihar]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and is a part of [[government]] in Bihar. JD(U) heads the [[Government of Bihar|government in Bihar]] and has remained the second largest party in [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/nitish-kumar-nod-for-prashant-kishor-and-blessings-for-bjp/cid/1692138 |title= Nitish nod for Prashant Kishor and blessings |author=  Dev Raj |work= [[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |location= [[Patna]] |date= 10 June 2019 |access-date= 21 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.news18.com/news/politics/parliament-live-kovind-lays-down-roadmap-for-next-5-yrs-focus-on-triple-talaq-nrc-and-one-nation-one-poll-2195131.html |title= After Bihar, JD(U) Becomes a Recognised State Party in Arunachal Pradesh |work= [[News 18]] |date= 8 June 2019 |location= [[Patna]] |access-date= 21 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jdu-eyes-assembly-polls-to-get-national-party-status-1537712-2019-05-29 |title= JDU eyes assembly polls to get national party status |author= Anand Patel |work= [[India Today]] |date= 29 May 2019 |access-date= 21 June 2019 }}</ref> JD(U) won 16 seats in the [[2019 Indian general election]], making it the seventh largest party in the [[Lok Sabha]]. The party operates on the ideologies of [[socialism]], [[secularism]] and [[Integral humanism (India)|integral humanism]].<ref name="elections.in"/>

The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the [[Sharad Yadav]] faction of the [[Janata Dal]], the [[Lok Shakti]] Party and the [[Samta Party|Samata Party]] on 30 October 2003. But [[Election Commission of India]] refuse merger of [[Samata Party]] then [[Brahmanand Mandal]] became the [[President (corporate title)|president]], but he is suffering from Alzheimer's disease and not physically well so Uday Mandal became working President<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-19|title=उदय मंडल बने समता पार्टी के कार्यकारी अध्यक्ष|url=https://www.gaamgharnews.com/uday-mandal-becomes-working-president-of-samta-party/|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Gaam Ghar|language=en-US}}</ref> and he has taken charge of the [[Samata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBCHindi|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/regionalnews/story/2004/03/printable/040320_politics_delhi|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SAMATA PARTY – Official Website|url=https://samataparty.org/|access-date=2022-02-15|language=en-US}}</ref>  Janata Dal (United)'s party mentor and patron is the veteran socialist leader [[George Fernandes]].<ref name=merger>{{cite news|last=Parsai |first=Gargi |title=Fernandes to head Janata Dal (United) |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/10/31/stories/2003103104371100.htm |access-date=19 April 2012 |date=31 October 2003 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204034133/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/10/31/stories/2003103104371100.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 4 February 2012 }}</ref> JD(U) has been a part of the [[BJP]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance (NDA)]] since its formation except from June 2013 to August 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/JDU-ends-17-year-old-alliance-with-BJP-quits-NDA/articleshow/20616468.cms |title=JD(U) ends 17-year-old alliance with BJP, quits NDA |work= [[The Times of India]] |date= 13 June 2013 |access-date= 23 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nitish-kumar-led-jdu-passes-resolution-to-join-nda/articleshow/60131233.cms |title= Nitish Kumar-led JD(U) passes resolution to join NDA |date=19 August 2017 |work= [[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2021-03-14 |title=RLSP merges with JD(U), Kushwaha made parliamentary board chief |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rlsp-merges-with-jdu-kushwaha-made-parliamentary-board-chief/article34066708.ece |access-date=2022-05-01 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RLSP chief Upendra Kushwaha announces merger with JDU |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/upendra-kushwaha-to-merge-rlsp-with-nitish-kumar-s-jdu-1779211-2021-03-14 |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanjay Kumar appointed JD(U) youth wings national president |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/pti-feed/story/sanjay-kumar-appointed-jdu-youth-wings-national-president-667399-2016-12-21 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>  

The Janata Dal (United)'s origins go back to before the [[1999 Indian general election|1999 General Election]]. A faction led by then [[List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka|Chief Minister of Karnataka]] [[J. H. Patel]] had lent support to the [[National Democratic Alliance]], leading to the split in the [[Janata Dal]] leading to the formation of [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] under [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], who wanted to remain equidistant from both national parties; and [[Janata Dal]] under [[Sharad Yadav]] was called Janata Dal (United).<ref>[https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/06jdu.htm Samata Party breaks away from JD (U)]</ref>

The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the merger of the [[Sharad Yadav]] faction of the Janata Dal, the [[Lok Shakti]] and the [[Samata Party]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Menon |first=Paravathi |title=Janata Parivar's home base |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2108/stories/20040423006701900.htm |access-date=19 April 2012 |newspaper=Frontline Magazine |date=23 April 2004 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103051657/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2108/stories/20040423006701900.htm |archive-date= 3 January 2008 }}</ref> On 30 October 2003, the [[Samata Party]] led by [[George Fernandes]] and [[Nitish Kumar]] merged with the [[Janata Dal]]. The merged entity was called Janata Dal (United) with the arrow symbol of Janata Dal (United) and the green and white flag of the [[Samata Party]].<ref name=merger /> The uniting force is believed to be common opposition to [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] in [[Bihar]] especially after the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] welcomed [[Samata Party]] rebels like [[Raghunath Jha]] into the party.

JD(U) broke its 17 years old alliance with the [[BJP]] in [[Bihar]] in protest against the elevation of [[Narendra Modi]] as ahead of the election campaign committee of BJP for [[2014 Indian general election]]. JD(U) President [[Sharad Yadav]] and then Bihar Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] announced their end of coalition at a press conference on 16 June 2013, exactly a week after Narendra Modi was made the BJP's campaign committee chairman, who was later made the prime ministerial candidate of NDA. Just after this split, Sharad Yadav relinquished his position as the NDA convenor.

The JD(U) contested the election in Bihar in an alliance with the [[Communist Party of India]] but they won only two seats out of total forty seats of Bihar while the BJP-[[Lok Jan Shakti Party|LJP]] alliance won 31 seats.<ref name=ax/><ref name=ecir14>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519040751/http://www.eciresults.ap.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|archive-date=19 May 2014|url-status = dead|url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm|title=General Election to Loksabha Trend and Result 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jdu-breaks-alliance-with-bjp/article4820120.ece|title=JD(U) severs ties with BJP on Modi issue|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 June 2013|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123933/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jdu-breaks-alliance-with-bjp/article4820120.ece|archive-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> Following poor performance in election, [[Nitish Kumar]] resigned as [[Chief Minister of Bihar]] and [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]] sworn in as a new Chief Minister. When the trust vote was demanded by the BJP to prove majority in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]], the RJD supported the JD(U) in the assembly on 23 May 2014 to pass the majority mark.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lalu Yadav's Party to Support Nitish Kumar's JD (U) In Bihar Floor Test|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/lalu-yadav-s-party-to-support-nitish-kumar-s-jd-u-in-bihar-floor-test-528790?site=classic|publisher=NDTV|date=22 May 2015|access-date=30 May 2015|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105319/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/lalu-yadav-s-party-to-support-nitish-kumar-s-jd-u-in-bihar-floor-test-528790?site=classic|archive-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>

On 26 July 2017 5&nbsp;pm, [[Nitish Kumar]] tendered his resignation as [[Chief Minister of Bihar]], ending 20-month-old ''Mahgathbandhan'' (grand alliance) rule. The next day on 27 July 2017 10&nbsp;am he again took oath as Chief Minister of Bihar with the support of [[BJP]]. Same day evening, Kerala JD(U) chief [[M.P. Veerendra Kumar]] announced the split of Kerala unit of the JD(U) from the party, due to Nitish Kumar led [[Bihar]] unit joined hands with the BJP.<ref>{{cite news|author=Scroll Staff|title=‘Will fight fascist forces’: Kerala JD(U) splits from party after Nitish Kumar allies with the BJP|url=https://scroll.in/latest/845213/will-fight-fascist-forces-kerala-jd-u-splits-from-party-after-nitish-kumar-allies-with-the-bjp|access-date=28 July 2017|work=Scroll.in|date=27 July 2017|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511204548/https://scroll.in/latest/845213/will-fight-fascist-forces-kerala-jd-u-splits-from-party-after-nitish-kumar-allies-with-the-bjp|archive-date=11 May 2018}}</ref> On 28 July 2017, new NDA government won trust vote in Bihar assembly by 131 votes in favour and 108 against, four legislators did not vote.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bihar Assembly trust vote LIVE updates: CM Nitish Kumar wins floor test with 131 votes|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-trust-vote-live-updates-nitish-kumar-rjd-lalu-prasad-yadav-congress-bjp-sushil-kumar-modi-4770728/|access-date=28 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=28 July 2017|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728064842/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-trust-vote-live-updates-nitish-kumar-rjd-lalu-prasad-yadav-congress-bjp-sushil-kumar-modi-4770728/|archive-date=28 July 2017}}</ref>

The JD(U),  just like its parent [[Samata Party]] had the core support of [[Kushwaha]] and [[Kurmi]] caste, which emanated from the great rally organised in 1993 at [[Gandhi Maidan]], [[Patna]]. In 2020 Assembly elections the party performed badly, with its seats in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] reduced to 43 from 75. The breakaway of the faction led by [[Upendra Kushwaha]], who founded [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] was recognised as one of the principal reason behind reduction in support base of the party in many constituencies. In a bid to retain its support amongst its core vote base, the party made several organisational changes like appointing [[Ramchandra Prasad Singh]] as national president of the party and [[Umesh Kushwaha]] as the state president. Meanwhile, it also tried to merge the Upendra Kushwaha led [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party|RLSP]], which was formed as a result of split in 2013. Immediately after the merger Upendra Kushwaha was made president of parliamentary board of the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/in-rlsp-merger-a-nitish-message-to-bjp-as-he-rebuilds-luv-kush-alliance-with-kushwaha/621761/?amp|title=In RLSP merger, a Nitish message to BJP as he rebuilds ‘Luv-Kush’ alliance with Kushwaha|website=ThePrint|accessdate=15 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/former-mla-umesh-kushwaha-appointed-bihar-jdu-president-7141332/|title=Former MLA Umesh Kushwaha appointed Bihar JD(U) president|website=Indian Express|accessdate=14 March 2021}}</ref>

| 89,26,679

|1.45

=== Bihar Vidhan Sabha ===

!Vidhan Sabha Term

!Bihar Assembly Elections

!Seats Contested

!Seats Won

!% of votes

!Party Votes

|22.58

|15th Vidhan Sabha

|16.8

|6,416,414

|16th Vidhan Sabha

|15.39

|1

|3

|4