Bhateali: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Western Pahari language of northern India}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name            = Bhateali
| name            = Bhateali
| nativename      = 𑚡𑚔𑚮𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯, भटियाली <br />bhaṭṭiyālī
| nativename      = भटियाली
| states          = [[India]]
| states          = [[India]]
| region          = [[Himachal Pradesh]] et alia
| region          = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| speakers        = {{sigfig|23,970|2}}
| speakers        = 15,347 ([[2011 census of India|2011 census]])
| date            = 2011 census
| date            =  
| ref              = <ref name=census/>
| ref              = <ref name=":0" />
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2            = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam2            = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3            = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam3            = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4            = [[North-Western Indo-Aryan languages|North-Western]]
| fam4            = [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern]]
| fam5            = [[Western Pahari]]
| fam5            = [[Western Pahari]]
| iso3            = bht
| iso3            = bht
| glotto          = bhat1263
| glotto          = bhat1263
| glottorefname    = Bhattiyali
| glottorefname    = Bhattiyali
| image            = namelang.png
| image            = Bhateali.svg
| script          = [[Takri script|Takri]], [[Devanagari]]
| script          = [[Takri script|Takri]], [[Devanagari]]
| imagecaption    = Bhateali written in Takri Script
| imagecaption    = The word "Bhateali" written in Devanagari script
}}
}}


'''Bhateali''' (or '''Bhattiyali'''; [[Takri script|Takri]]: {{Lang|bht|𑚡𑚔𑚮𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯}}) is a [[Western Pahari]] dialect of India. The 2011 Indian Census counted 23,970 speakers of Bhateali (enumerated under Punjabi),<ref name=census>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf Cenus 2011]</ref> of which 15,107 were found in [[Chamba district]] of Himachal Pradesh.<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census District level statistics]</ref> In reality, Bhattiyali is a dialect of Dogri language.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Verbeke|first=Saartje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoJ1DwAAQBAJ&q=bhattiyali+dialect&pg=PA163|title=Argument structure in Kashmiri: Form and Function of Pronominal Suffixation|date=2017-11-27|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-34678-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tiwari|first=Dr Siyaram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ak87DwAAQBAJ&q=bhatiyali++Dogri&pg=PA197|title=Bhartiya Bhashaon Ki Pahchan|publisher=Vani Prakashan|isbn=978-93-5229-677-4|language=hi}}</ref>The language is native to Bhattiyat Tehsil of Chamba district.
'''Bhateali''', or '''Bhattiyali''', is a [[Western Pahari|Western Pahari language]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in northern India. It Is spoken majorily in the [[Bhattiyat Assembly constituency|Bhattiyat division]] of [[Chamba district|Chamba]], [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]] as well as [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur division]] of [[Kangra district|Kangra]] and hilly parts of [[Pathankot district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The 2011 Indian Census counted ''15,347'' speakers,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=India - C-16: Population by mother tongue, Himachal Pradesh - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731143754/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10205 |archive-date=2022-07-31 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=censusindia.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref> of which 15,107 were found in [[Chamba district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html|title=2011 Census District level statistics|accessdate=26 March 2023}}</ref>
 
== Script ==
The native script of this language is [[Takri script|Takri]]
[[File:Bhatteali.png|thumb|left|Specimen in Bhatteali language]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Bhateali has sometimes been counted as a dialect of either [[Kangri language|Kangri]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Verbeke|first=Saartje|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoJ1DwAAQBAJ&q=bhattiyali+dialect&pg=PA163|title=Argument structure in Kashmiri: Form and Function of Pronominal Suffixation|date=2017-11-27|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-34678-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tiwari|first=Dr Siyaram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ak87DwAAQBAJ&q=bhatiyali++Dogri&pg=PA197|title=Bhartiya Bhashaon Ki Pahchan|publisher=Vani Prakashan|isbn=978-93-5229-677-4|language=hi}}</ref> It is listed under Western Pahari languages group.


It was historically written using the [[Takri script]].


== Phonology ==
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
!rowspan=2|
!colspan=2| [[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|- class=small
|- class=small
! [[Short vowel|short]]
! [[Long vowel|long]]
! short
! long
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|ɪ}}, {{IPA link|ʏ}}
| {{IPA link|iː}}, {{IPA link|yː}}
| {{IPA link|ɨ}}
|{{IPA link|ɯ}}, {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|uː}}
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|
| {{IPA link|eː}}
| rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ə}}
|
| {{IPA link|oː}}
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|
| {{IPA link|æː}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɔː}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan=2|
| {{IPA link|ä|aː}}
| colspan=2|
|}


=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! colspan=2|
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/<br />[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan=2| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n̪|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɳ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Stop consonant|Stop]]/<br />[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|plain}}
| {{IPA link|p}}⠀{{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|t̪|t}}⠀{{IPA link|d̪|d}}
|
| {{IPA link|ʈ}}⠀{{IPA link|ɖ}}
| {{IPA link|tɕ}}⠀{{IPA link|dʑ}}
| {{IPA link|k}}⠀{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! {{small|[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
| {{IPA link|pʰ}} {{IPA link|bʱ}}
| {{IPA link|tʰ}} {{IPA link|dʱ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ʈʰ}} {{IPA link|ɖʱ}}
| {{IPA link|tɕʰ}} {{IPA link|dʑʱ}}
| {{IPA link|kʰ}} {{IPA link|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
! colspan=2| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
|
| {{IPA link|s}}
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|h}}
|-
! colspan=2| [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
| {{IPA link|l̪|l}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɭ}}
| {{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|-
! colspan=2| [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
| {{IPA link|r̪|r}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɽ}}
|
|
|
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Pahari languages]]
[[Category:Northern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]

Latest revision as of 11:59, 20 January 2026


Bhateali
भटियाली
The word "Bhateali" written in Devanagari script
Native toIndia
RegionHimachal Pradesh
Native speakers
15,347 (2011 census)[1]
Takri, Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3bht
Glottologbhat1263

Bhateali, or Bhattiyali, is a Western Pahari language of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. It Is spoken majorily in the Bhattiyat division of Chamba, Dalhousie as well as Nurpur division of Kangra and hilly parts of Pathankot district of Punjab. The 2011 Indian Census counted 15,347 speakers,[1] of which 15,107 were found in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.[2]

Bhateali has sometimes been counted as a dialect of either Kangri.[3][4] It is listed under Western Pahari languages group.

It was historically written using the Takri script.

Phonology[edit | edit source]

Vowels[edit | edit source]

Front Central Back
short long short long
Close ɪ, ʏ iː, yː ɨ ɯ, ʊ uː
Close-mid eː ə oː
Open-mid æː ɔː
Open aː

Consonants[edit | edit source]

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Post-alv./
Palatal 		Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɳ ŋ
Stop/
Affricate 		plain p⠀b t⠀d ʈ⠀ɖ tɕ⠀dʑ k⠀ɡ
aspirated pʰ bʱ tʰ dʱ ʈʰ ɖʱ tɕʰ dʑʱ kʰ ɡʱ
Fricative s h
Approximant w l ɭ j
Trill r ɽ

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "India - C-16: Population by mother tongue, Himachal Pradesh - 2011". censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2025-12-15.
  2. ↑ "2011 Census District level statistics". Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  3. ↑ Verbeke, Saartje (2017-11-27). Argument structure in Kashmiri: Form and Function of Pronominal Suffixation. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-34678-9.
  4. ↑ Tiwari, Dr Siyaram. Bhartiya Bhashaon Ki Pahchan (in हिन्दी). Vani Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-5229-677-4.
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