Phake language

Phake
Phake
(တႝ)ၸႃကေ
Native to	India
Region	Assam
Ethnicity	Tai Phake people
Native speakers	2,000 (2007)
Language family	Kra–Dai Tai Southwestern Northwestern Phake; ; ; ;
Writing system	Burmese script; (Phake variation, ; called Lik-Tai)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	phk
Glottolog	phak1238

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The Phake language (phaa-kay) or Tai Phake language is spoken in the Buri Dihing Valley of Assam, India.

Distribution[edit]

Tai Phake Villages (Morey 2005:22)
Tai name	Translation of Tai name	Assamese/English name	District
ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 ke꞉5 taü3	Lower Phake village	Namphakey	Dibrugarh
ma꞉n3 pha꞉k4 ta꞉5	Other side of the river village	Tipam Phake	Dibrugarh
ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 ke꞉5 nɔ6	Upper Phake village	Borphake	Tinsukia
niŋ1 kam4	Ning kam Nagas	Nigam Phake	Tinsukia
ma꞉n3 pha꞉4 naiŋ2	Red sky village	Faneng	Tinsukia
məŋ2 la꞉ŋ2	Country of the Lang Nagas	Mounglang	Tinsukia
məŋ2 mɔ1	Mine village	Man Mau	Tinsukia
ma꞉n3 loŋ6	Big village	Man Long	Tinsukia
nauŋ1 lai6	Nong Lai Nagas	Nonglai	-

(Note: For an explanation of the notation system for Tai tones, see Proto-Tai language#Tones.)

The maːn˧ corresponds to the modern Thai บ้าน, ban, and Shan ဝၢၼ်ႈ wan which corresponds to 'village'.

Buragohain (1998) lists the following Tai Phake villages.

Man Phake Tau (Namphake village, Assam)
Man Tipam (Tipam Phake village, Assam)
Man Phake Neu (Bor Phake village, Assam)
Man Mo (Man Mo village, Assam)
Man Phaneng (Phaneng village, Assam)
Man Long (Long village, Assam)
Man Nonglai (Nonglaui village, Assam)
Man Monglang (Monglang village, Assam)
Man Nigam (Nigam village, Assam)
Man Wagun (Wagun village, Arunachal Pradesh)
Man Lung Kung (Lung Kung village, Arunachal Pradesh)

Phonology[edit]

Initial consonants[edit]

Tai Phake has the following initial consonants:^[3]

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Palatal		Velar		Glottal
		voiceless	voiced	voiceless	voiced	voiceless	voiced	voiceless	voiced	voiceless
Plosive	Tenuis	p		t		c		k		ʔ
Plosive	Aspirated	pʰ		tʰ				kʰ
Nasal			m		n				ŋ
Fricative				s						h
Lateral					l
Semi-vowel		w					j

Final consonants[edit]

Tai Phake has the following final consonants:

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Glottal
		voiceless	voiced	voiceless	voiced	voiced	voiceless	voiced	voiceless
Plosive	Tenuis	p		t			k		ʔ
Nasal			m		n			ŋ
Semi-vowel		w				j

-[w] occurs after front vowels and [a]-, -[j] occurs after back vowels and [a]-.^[2]

Vowels[edit]

Tai Phake has the following vowel inventory:^[4]

	Front	Back
	unr.	unr.		rnd.
	short	short	long	short
Close	i	ɯ		u
Mid	e	ɤ		o
Open	ɛ	a	a:	ɔ

Writing system[edit]

The Tai Phake have their own writing system called 'Lik-Tai', which they share with the Khamti people and Tai Aiton people.^[2] It closely resembles the Northern Shan script of Myanmar, which is a variant of the Burmese script, with some of the letters taking divergent shapes.^[5]

Consonants[edit]

က - kaa - k - [k]
ၵ - khaa - kh - [kʰ]
င - ngaa - ng - [ŋ]
ꩡ - chaa - ch - [t͡ʃ], [t͡s]
ꩬ - saaa - s - [s]
ၺ - nyaa - ny - [ɲ]^[6]
တ - taa - t - [t]
ထ - thaa - th - [tʰ]
ꩫ - naa - n - [n]
ပ - paa - p - [p]
ၸ - phaa - ph - [pʰ]
မ - maa - m - [m]
ယ - yaa - y - [j]
လ - laa - l - [l]
ဝ - waa - w - [w~v]
ꩭ - haa - h - [h]
ဢ - aa - a - [ʔ]

Vowels[edit]

ႊ - a - [a]
ႃ - ā - [aː]
ိ - i - [i]
ီ - ī - [iː]
ု - u - [u]
ူ - ū - [uː]
ေ - e/ae - [eː/ɛ]
ႝ - ai - [ai]
ေႃ - o/aw - [oː/ɔː]
ံ - ṁ - [am]
ုံ - um - [um]
ွံ - om - [ɔm]
ိုဝ် - eu - [ɛu]
်ႍ - au - [au]
်ွ - āu - [aːu]
ွ - aw - [ɒ]
ွႝ - oi - [oj]
် - final consonant ^[7]

Notes[edit]

↑ Phake at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Diller, Anthony (1992). "Tai languages in Assam: Daughters or Ghosts": 16. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ Diller, Anthony (1992). "Tai languages in Assam: Daughters or Ghosts": 14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ Morey, Stephen (2008). "The Tai Languages of Assam". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ Inglis, Douglas (2017). "Myanmar-based Khamti Shan Orthography". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn11/UTN11_4.pdf
↑ "Tai Phake language, alphabet, and pronunciation". Omniglot. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

References[edit]

Buragohain, Yehom. 1998. "Some notes on the Tai Phakes of Assam, in Shalardchai Ramitanondh Virada Somswasdi and Ranoo Wichasin." In Tai, pp. 126–143. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Chiang Mai University.
Morey, Stephen. 2005. The Tai languages of Assam: a grammar and texts. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

Template:Tai-Kadai languages

[e18-1] Phake at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[diller-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Diller, Anthony (1992). "Tai languages in Assam: Daughters or Ghosts": 16. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[3] Diller, Anthony (1992). "Tai languages in Assam: Daughters or Ghosts": 14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[4] Morey, Stephen (2008). "The Tai Languages of Assam". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[inglis2017-5] Inglis, Douglas (2017). "Myanmar-based Khamti Shan Orthography". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[6] ttp://www.unicode.org/notes/tn11/UTN11_4.pdf

[7] "Tai Phake language, alphabet, and pronunciation". Omniglot. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

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