Hill Miri dialect
Nyishi (Kamle) or Sarak is a Tani language of India. It is spoken in Arunachal Pradesh by an estimated 9,000 people of the Nyishi tribe.[2] It appears to be a dialect of the Nishi language.[3]
| Nyishi (Kamle) | |
|---|---|
| Sarak | |
| Region | Arunachal Pradesh |
| Ethnicity | Nyishi (Kamle) people |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 10,100)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis)Individual code: mrg – (included under Plains Miri) |
| Glottolog | None |
DescriptionEdit
Nyishi(muri-mugli) is a member of the Tani branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages and is considered a dialect of the Nishi language. It is spoken by 9,000 people in the northern regions of India by the Nyishi people of Kamle.[4] It is threatened because the younger generation is slowly breaking away from their people's traditions and language.[5][6] Many audio books of gospel narratives in the Nyishi language of Kamle have been collected FROM THE iNDIA .
History of scholarshipEdit
George Abraham Grierson, in his survey of India regarding its linguistics, researched the Nyishi language and published a record over a century ago.[citation needed]
PhonologyEdit
ConsonantsEdit
The following table includes an inventory of Nyishi (Kamle) consonants.[7]
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ[8] | ŋ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | c[9] | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ[10] | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | |||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
| Trill? | r | |||||
Vowels are front /i, e/, central /ɨ, ʉ, ə, a/,[11] and back /u, o/. Vowels occur long and short.
GrammarEdit
The basic Nyishi (Kamle) grammar and basic word order are like those of related Sino-Tibetan languages, similar to that of Nishi.
NumeralsEdit
| Nyishi (Kamle) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | aken |
| 2 | eñi |
| 3 | oum |
| 4 | epi |
| 5 | ango/angngo |
| 6 | ake |
| 7 | kenne |
| 8 | pine |
| 9 | kora |
| 10 | íri |
PronounsEdit
PersonalEdit
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | ngo | ngu-lu |
| 2nd person | no | nu-lu |
| 3rd person | bu, bú | bu-lu, bú-lu |
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Template:E15
- ↑ Moseley, Christopher (2007). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Routledge. p. 298. ISBN 978-0-7007-1197-0. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
- ↑ Post, Mark W. (2013). Defoliating the Tani Stammbaum: An exercise in areal linguistics. Paper presented at the 13th Himalayan Languages Symposium. Canberra, Australian National University, Aug 9.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Audio
- ↑ Nabam Tadar Rikam, "Emerging religious Identities of Arunachal Pradesh", Mittal Publications, 2005
- ↑ Ju Namkung, "Phonological inventories of Tibeto-burman languages", Center for Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, 1996
- ↑ Value unclear, perhaps [nʲ]?
- ↑ Value unclear, perhaps [t͡ʃ]?
- ↑ Value unclear, perhaps [d͡ʒ]?
- ↑ Transcribed ⟨ɯ, y, ɤ, a⟩ in Namkung
Further readingEdit
- Ivan Martin Simon, "Hill Miri language guide", Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh, 1976
- Matthew S. Dryer, "Word order in Tibeto-burman languages" Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 2008
- Shri Aduk Tayeng, "Nishi Phrase book"[permanent dead link], Arunachal Pradesh, 1990
- P. T. Abraham, "A Grammar of Nyishi Language", 2005
- S. N. Goswami, "Nishing ( Bangni) Language Guide", 1995