Hmar language

Hmar
Hmar
Manmasi, Sinlung, Mar
Pronunciation	Template:IPA-bodia
Native to	India
Region	Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya
Ethnicity	Hmar
Native speakers	98,988
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman South Central Central Hmar cluster Hmar; ; ; ; ;
Early forms	Manmasi Nelachal Tukbemsawm ; ;
Writing system	Latin
Official status
Official language in	India
Recognised minority; language in	Assam, Manipur, Mizoram and Meghalaya
Language codes
ISO 639-3	hmr
Glottolog	hmar1241

The Hmar language or Khawsak ṭawng belongs to the Kukish branch of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. The speakers of the language are also known as Hmar. According to the official 2011 Census of India, there are 29,268 Hmar/Khawsak speakers in Assam, 48,375 in Manipur, 1,700 in Meghalaya, 18,587 in Mizoram although Majority of the Hmars in Mizoram speak Duhlian (Mizo).

Hmar/Khawsak is a recognised language in the School curriculum of Assam, Manipur and Mizoram, and also recently recognised as one of the Modern Indian Language (MIL) at Manipur University. Board of Secondary Education, Assam has also included Hmar(Khawsak dialect) as an MIL in its matriculation syllabus from 2005. Both Manipur University and Assam University, Silchar has also permitted Khawsak Hmar language to be studied as Modern Indian Language in the Graduation level.

Geographical distribution[edit]

Khawsak dialect of Hmar is spoken in the following locations

Assam: Dima Hasao district (formerly North Cachar district), Karbi Anglong district, Barak Valley (Hailakandi district, Karimganj district and Cachar district)
Manipur: Pherzawl district, Churachandpur district, Jiribam district, Imphal and Moreh
Mizoram: Aizawl district, Champhai district and Kolasib district
Tripura: In and around Darchawi and Jampui Hills
Meghalaya: Shillong and Khaddum village
Myanmar: Tamu
Bangladesh: Bawm

Since Hmar speakers are scattered over a vast area in Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Chittagong Hill tracts, North Carolina Hills and Cachar district of Assam state and Myanmar, there appears to be slight dialectal distinction. There is no homogeneous settlement of Hmar speakers alone.^{[citation needed]} In Manipur, Hmar exhibits partial mutual intelligibility with the other Kukish dialects of the area including Thadou, Paite, Vaiphei, Simte, Kom and Gangte languages.^[2]

References[edit]

↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
↑ Singh, Chungkham Yashawanta (1995). "The linguistic situation in Manipur" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 18 (1): 129–134. Retrieved 19 June 2014.

External links[edit]

VIRTHL-Ushering Change: News & Info House of the Hmars Visit Site
Hmar Rûnpui : Hmar Social Networking Visit Site
Manipur Online The Unresolved Issues of the Hmar
Hmar.in
Hmarram.com
Sinlung News [1]

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[1] "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.

[Singh-2] Singh, Chungkham Yashawanta (1995). "The linguistic situation in Manipur" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 18 (1): 129–134. Retrieved 19 June 2014.

[1]

[2]