Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019)

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Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019
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Parliament of India
CitationAct No. 34 of 2019
Considered byParliament of India
Enacted byRajya Sabha
Enacted5 August 2019
Enacted byLok Sabha
Enacted6 August 2019
Assented to9 August 2019
Signed9 August 2019
Signed byRam Nath Kovind
President of India
Effective31 October 2019
Legislative history
Bill citationBill No. XXIX of 2019
Bill published on5 August 2019
Introduced byAmit Shah
Minister of Home Affairs
First reading5 August 2019
Second reading6 August 2019
Related legislation
A number of orders for the adaptation of state laws and central laws to both union territories.[1]
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2021
Status: In force

The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 is an act of the Parliament of India containing provisions to reconstitute the State of Jammu and Kashmir, a part of the larger region of Kashmir which has been the subject of dispute among India, Pakistan, and China since 1947, into two union territories (UTs) called Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, on 31 October 2019. A bill for the act was introduced by the Minister of Home Affairs, Amit Shah, in the Rajya Sabha on 5 August 2019 and was passed on the same day. It was then passed by the Lok Sabha on 6 August 2019 and it received the President's assent on 9 August 2019.

The act consists of 103 clauses, extends 106 central laws to the UTs, repeals 153 state laws, and abolishes the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council among other things. The introduction of the bill was preceded by a presidential order under Article 370 of the Indian constitution that revoked Jammu and Kashmir's special status. The act has also given powers to the central government to pass a number of executive orders in relation to both the union territories. These orders have resulted in the modification or repeal of over 400 state and central laws with respect to the union territories. The act has been challenged in court through a number of petitions. On 5 August 2019, the Home Minister stated that the reorganisation could be lifted and statehood restored.

Background

A map of the disputed Kashmir region showing the new Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

Jammu and Kashmir is a part of the larger region of Kashmir which has been the subject of dispute among India, Pakistan, and China since 1947.[2][3]

Article 370 of the Indian constitution gave Jammu and Kashmir special status. In contrast to other states of India, Jammu and Kashmir had its own constitution and a substantially higher degree of administrative autonomy.[4] In particular, Indian citizens from other states could not purchase land or property in Jammu and Kashmir.[5]

Jammu and Kashmir had three distinct areas: overwhelmingly Muslim-majority Kashmir (95% Muslim) with a population of nearly 7 million people, a Hindu-majority (66%) Jammu with a population of 5.35 million people and a 30% Muslim population, and Ladakh, which has sparse population of 287,000 people, a Muslim plurality, or relative majority, at 46%, and a Buddhist minority at 40% (with Hindus making up 12%).[6] Violence and unrest persisted in the Indian-administered Muslim majority areas and, following a disputed state election in 1987, an insurgency persisted in protest over autonomy and rights.[7][8] The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power in the 2014 Indian general election and had included in their 2019 election manifesto the revocation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India.[9]

Prior to the introduction of the bill and the revocation of the state's special status, the central government put the Kashmir valley on lock-down, with a surge in security forces, imposition of Section 144 preventing assembly, and the placement of political leaders such as former Jammu and Kashmir chief ministers Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti under house arrest.[10][11] The State had been first under Governor's rule and then under President's rule since 20 June 2018,[12] after the coalition government headed by Mehbooba Mufti lost support from the Bharatiya Janata Party. 35,000 paramilitary troops were deployed to Jammu and Kashmir,[13] prior to which a warning was issued to annual Hindu pilgrims and tourists citing a terror threat and imminent attacks by militants. The imposing of restrictions included the blocking of internet and phone services.[14][15] The moves were followed by the revocation of the state's special status.[16]

Statutory provisions

The act reorganises the state into two union territories, namely the eponymous union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, and that of Ladakh. While the former will have a legislative assembly, Ladakh will be administered by a lieutenant governor alone. The union territory of Ladakh will include the districts of Leh and Kargil, while all other districts will be accorded to Jammu and Kashmir.[17] Out of the six Lok Sabha seats allocated to the former state, one will be allocated to Ladakh and five will be accorded to the Jammu and Kashmir union territory. The High Court of Jammu and Kashmir will function as the High Court for both the union territories.[17]

The act provides that the administration of the Jammu and Kashmir will be as per Article 239A of the Indian constitution. Article 239A, originally formulated for the union territory of Puducherry, will also be applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.[17] A lieutenant governor appointed by the President will administer the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, which will have a legislative assembly of 107 to 114 members. The legislative assembly may make laws for any of the matters in the state list except "public order" and "police", which will remain as the law-making powers of the union government.[17] A Council of Ministers including a Chief Minister will be appointed by the lieutenant governor from the members of the legislative assembly, with the role to advise the lieutenant governor in the exercise of functions in matters under the legislative assembly's jurisdiction. In other matters, the lieutenant governor is empowered to act in his own capacity, who will also have the power to promulgate ordinances having the same force as acts enacted by the legislature.[17] The act abolishes the Legislative Council of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.[18] It comprises 103 clauses which extend 106 central laws and 7 amended state laws, in part or as a whole, to the UTs.[18] The act also repeals 153 state laws and Governor's Acts.[18]

Enactment

The bill was introduced by Amit Shah, the Minister of Home Affairs, in the Rajya Sabha on 5 August 2019. The introduction of the bill was preceded by a Presidential Order under the Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which superseded the 1954 Presidential Order. It made, inter alia, all the provisions of the Indian constitution applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.[lower-alpha 1] The 1954 Order had a provision to the Article 3 of the Indian constitution, stating that the Union would not alter the area, name and the boundaries of the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Its revocation paved the way for the introduction of the Reorganisation Bill.[19]

Parliament

The bill caused pandemonium in the Rajya Sabha. Two members of the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP) tore up copies of the Indian constitution in protest, following which they were suspended from the House;[20][21] 13 members of the All India Trinamool Congress walked out of the House; and 6 members of Janata Dal United (allied to the ruling BJP) boycotted the voting.[22] However, the bill acquired the support of Bahujan Samaj Party, YSR Congress Party, Telugu Desam Party and the Aam Aadmi Party. Along with the 107 members of the ruling National Democratic Alliance, the number of supporting parliamentarians totaled to 117.[22] The bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha with 125 members in favour and 61 members against.[21][22]

The bill was introduced in the lower house of Indian parliament, Lok Sabha on 6 August 2019. The All India Trinamool Congress and Janata Dal (United) walked out from the house, while Indian National Congress, Nationalist Congress Party and Samajwadi Party opposed the bill; Bharatiya Janata Party, Shiv Sena, Biju Janata Dal, YSR Congress Party, Telangana Rashtra Samithi, Telugu Desam Party, Shiromani Akali Dal and Bahujan Samaj Party supported it.[23] The bill was passed by the house with 370 votes in favour and 70 votes against.[24][25]

Rajya Sabha voting
Party In favour Against Abstain/

Walkout

BJP 78  –  –
INC  – 46  –
JD(U)  –  – 6
AIADMK 11  –  –
AITC  –  – 13
NCP  –  – 4
BJD 7  –  –
SP  – 11  –
TRS 6  –  –
DMK  – 5  –
Shiv Sena 4  –  –
CPI(M)  – 5  –
BSP 4  –  –
RJD  – 5  –
AAP 3  –  –
SAD 3  –  –
TDP 2  –  –
YSRCP 2  –  –
RPI(A) 1  –  –
NPF 1  –  –
LJP 1  –  –
BPF 1  –  –
AGP 1  –  –
NOM 4  –  –
IND
Total 125[26] 61[26] 23[27]
Question before the Houses: The Question is that the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019 be passed. The motion is put to vote.
Rajya Sabha

Voice Vote Count of members present

06 August 2019[28]

Lok Sabha

Electronic/Slip Vote Count of members present

05 August 2019[25][29]

Ayes
125 / 209
 Ayes
370 / 440
Noes
061 / 209
 Noes
070 / 440
Abstensions
023 / 209
 Abstensions
000 / 440
Result: The Ayes have it, the Ayes have it, the Ayes have it. The motion is adopted and the bill is passed.[30]

Assent and publication

The bill received the assent of the President on 9 August 2019,[31] subsequent to which it was published in The Gazette of India on the same date.[32][33] A notification published on the same day provided for the union territories to come into effect from 31 October 2019.[34][35]

Challenges

9 August 2019 onwards, a number of petitions were filed that challenged the validity of the act.[36] This includes petitions by Members of Parliament, former bureaucrats and military officers, advocates, lawyers, activists and non-governmental organisations.[37][38] On 5 August 2019, the Home Minister had stated that the reorganisation could be lifted and statehood restored.[39]

Subsequent legislation

Orders

Following the implementation of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, and through the powers given by the act, the central government of India further approved eight orders which provide for the adaption of state and central laws to the union territories.[1] Five orders deal with the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and three with the union territory of Ladakh.[1] Through these executive orders the central government has made changes to, or repealed, over 400 laws in relation to the union territories by November 2020.[40]

List of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Orders
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Orders
Date Adaptation of State Laws Adaptation of Central Laws Notes
18.03.2020 - First Order A number of central acts extended to the UT including Code of Civil Procedure 1908 and Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 [41][42]
31.03.2020 First Order[43] - Repeals a number of state acts. Amends a number of state acts [41]
20.05.2020 Second Order - Amends J&K Civil Services (Decentralization and Recruitment) Act, 2010 [41]
05.10.2020 - Second Order Extends a number of central laws with amendments [41]
05.10.2020 Third Order - Amends state acts to provide for the restructuring of different municipal bodies of the UT [41]
16.10.2020 Fourth Order - Amends the J&K Panchayati Raj Act, 1989 [41]
26.10.2020 Third Order Extends a number of central laws with amendments [41]
26.10.2020 Fifth Order Amends a number of state acts. Repeals a number of state acts [41]

The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of State Laws) Order, 2020 dated 31 March 2020 resulted in the complete repeal of 25 prior state laws.[44] The remaining 113 state laws were adopted with changes.[44][45] This move by the central government came under specific criticism for the changes to the Jammu and Kashmir Civil Services (Decentralization and Recruitment) Act, 2010 which resulted in a modification to the states' domicile laws. Previously, Article 370 reserved land and jobs only for 'permanent residents', the definition of which was altered to include domiciles through the approval of the new order.[46][47] Under the new laws domiciles would be given jobs in the state. Among the various criteria under the modified law anybody who has "resided for a period of fifteen years in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir" or migrants registered by the Relief and Rehabilitation Commissioner of the Union Territory would be eligible for a domicile.[48] A number of political parties including Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party and the Jammu unit of BJP opposed the order and showed discontentment.[49] On 3 April 2020, a fresh order was issued by the central government that made six changes to the previous order. Among the changes were providing protection to domiciles in any government post as compared to only selected posts before.[50] A new order, the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of State Laws) Second Order, 2020 was passed on 20 May 2020.[51][52] This order modified applicability of domicile orders to "all level of jobs" in the union territory.[53]

On 26 October 2020, the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of Central Laws) Third Order, 2020 came into force. ANI reported that under the orders "12 state laws have been repealed and 26 others have been adapted with changes or substitutes".[54][55] Among the changes were modifications to the land laws which now allowed those from other states to buy land in the UT.[56] By August 2021, two people from outside of the UT had bought property.[56]

Amendments

G Kishan Reddy, the Minister of State for Home Affairs, introduced the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 to replace the existing ordinance for the same.[57] The ordinance merged the Jammu and Kashmir cadre of civil services officers with the Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Mizoram Union Territory (AGMUT) cadre.[57] By 13 February 2021 both houses of the Parliament had passed the bill.[58]

Reactions

  •  People's Republic of China— On 31 October 2019, the Chinese Foreign ministry said that India's decision to unilaterally change its domestic laws and administrative divisions is void, illegal and will not affect "the fact that the area is under Chinese actual control". Reacting to these statements, India said that this matter is completely internal to India and it expects other countries, including China, to refrain from commenting on this. India also added that China has illegally occupied its territory.[59]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The 1954 Order had made only certain Articles of the Indian constitution applicable to the State and others with various exceptions and provisos. Further orders extended its scope, but fell short of extending the full scope of the Indian constitution to the State.[19]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Maqbool, Umer (2 November 2020). "How the Centre Effected Changes in J&K Laws Through Executive Orders". The Wire. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ Akhtar, Rais; Kirk, William, Jammu and Kashmir, State, India, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 7 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir, state of India, located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and westernmost Himalayan mountain ranges. The state is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of the subcontinent in 1947."
  3. ↑ Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
  4. ↑ Venkataramanan, K. (5 August 2019), "How the status of Jammu and Kashmir is being changed", The Hindu, retrieved 16 August 2021
  5. ↑ "Article 370 and 35(A) revoked: How it would change the face of Kashmir". The Economic Times. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  6. ↑ Sandhu, Kamaljit Kaur (4 June 2019). "Government planning to redraw Jammu and Kashmir assembly constituency borders: Sources". India Today. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ↑ "India-Pakistan: Troubled relations. Kashmir insurgency". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  8. ↑ Jeelani, Mushtaq A. (25 June 2001). "Kashmir: A History Littered With Rigged Elections". Media Monitors Network. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  9. ↑ "Article 370: What happened with Kashmir and why it matters". BBC News. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  10. ↑ "Jammu Kashmir Article 370: Govt revokes Article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir, bifurcates state into two Union Territories". The Times of India. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ↑ Chakraborty, Abhishek; Bhasin, Swati, eds. (7 August 2019). "Parliament Clears Bill To Split Jammu And Kashmir To 2 Union Territories: Highlights". NDTV. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ↑ "After Governor's rule, President's rule comes into force in Jammu and Kashmir". The Economic Times. PTI. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  13. ↑ Ashiq, Peerzada (2 August 2019). "25,000 more troops being deployed in J&K". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  14. ↑ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (6 August 2019). "Kashmir: Pakistan will 'go to any extent' to protect Kashmiris". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  15. ↑ "Inside Kashmir's lockdown: 'Even I will pick up a gun'". BBC News. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  16. ↑ "Indian paramilitary forces injured in grenade attack". Al Jazeera. 27 October 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 "Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Bill passed by Rajya Sabha: Key takeaways". The Indian Express. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Mohanty, Prasanna (6 August 2019). "Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Bill 2019: A rush job raising concerns of democratic propriety". India Today. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Rajagopal, Krishnadas (5 August 2019). "Explained | President's Order scraps its predecessor and amends Article 370". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  20. ↑ "PDP MPs tear Constitution, removed from Rajya Sabha". India Today. Delhi. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Regional parties' support ensures smooth adoption of resolution on Article 370, J&K bifurcation bill". The Times of India. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Prabhu, Sunil. Sanyal, Anindita (ed.). "Already, Rajya Sabha Clears J&K As Union Territory Instead Of State". NDTV. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ↑ "Parliament Live | Lok Sabha passes Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, Ayes: 370, Noes 70". The Hindu. 6 August 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  24. ↑ "Jammu Kashmir News: Bill to bifurcate J&K, resolution to scrap Article 370 get Parliament nod". The Times of India. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "India parliament votes to change Kashmir's status, give Delhi more control over contested region". CNN. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021. [...] lower house, the bill was passed by a digital vote with 370 members in favor and 70 against it....{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Regional parties' support ensures smooth adoption of resolution on Article 370, J-K bifurcation bill". The Economic Times. PTI. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  27. ↑ "Congress, DMK, JD(U), others opposed the Bill". DNA India. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ↑ Das, Shaswati (5 August 2019). "Rajya Sabha passes J&K Reorganisation Bill, scraps Articles 370, 35A". mint. Retrieved 23 August 2021. The Bill... was passed by Upper House through a voice vote and 125 were in favour while 61 were against{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ↑ "Parliament Live | Lok Sabha passes Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, Ayes: 370, Noes 70". The Hindu. 6 August 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  30. ↑ Voting and passing of The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019 (YouTube video), Rajya Sabha TV, retrieved 23 August 2021. Timestamp = 18:40{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  31. ↑ "President gives assent to J&K reorganisation legislation, 2 UTs to come into existence on October 31". India Today. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  32. ↑ Rajya Sabha and its Secretariat: A Performance Profile – 2019 (PDF). New Delhi: Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Parliament of India. 2020. pp. 3, 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2021.
  33. ↑ Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019. Ministry of Law and Justice, Legislative Department. 9 August 2019. The Gazette of India. Retrieved on 16 August 2021. Archived on 16 August 2021.
  34. ↑ "Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh to come into existence on October 31 after President Ram Nath Kovind's nod". Hindustan Times. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ↑ "Jammu and Kashmir bifurcated: India has one less state, gets two new Union Territories in J&K, Ladakh". India Today. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ↑ Sinha, Bhadra (3 January 2021). "A year & counting — clock ticking, but SC verdict yet awaited on over 20 pleas on Article 370 scrapping". ThePrint. Retrieved 23 August 2021. The first petition, seeking to challenge the presidential order that notified the J&K (Reorganisation) Act, was filed on 9 August 2019. A spate of petitions followed... The challenge was on multiple grounds.
  37. ↑ Prakash, Satya (24 June 2021). "Abrogation of Article 370: Around two dozen petitions hang fire in Supreme Court". Tribune india. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ↑ "Retired bureaucrats, military officers move SC over abrogation of Article 370, bifurcation of Kashmir". India Today. 17 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ↑ "Article 370 Revoked: J&K Leaders Detained, PM Modi Praises Amit Shah". The Wire. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Shah said that J&K could be made a state again "as soon as normalcy returns".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ↑ "Year End Review 2020 Ministry of Home Affairs". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021. Orders were notified for adaptation of 48 Central Laws and 167 State Laws in respect of UT of J&K. Orders relating to adaptation of 44 Central Laws and 148 State Laws in UT of Ladakhwere also notified.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.6 41.7 Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1048 of 2019. (Supreme Court of India)— via Livelaw.in. Archived on 11 November 2020.
  42. ↑ Awasthi, Prashasti (20 March 2020). "Centre orders 'Adaptation of Central Laws' in J&K; Here's a complete list of 37 central laws to be implemented". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ↑ Order S.O. 1229(E) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs: Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs. New Delhi: The Gazette Of India Extraordinary. 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 ANI (1 April 2020). "MHA orders adaptation of state laws of J-K, jobs to be reserved for "domicile"". Business Standard India. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  45. ↑ "Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of State Laws) Order, 2020". pib.gov.in. 1 April 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  46. ↑ Tripathi, Rahul (4 April 2020). "Centre notifies amendments to the act providing domicile reservation for govt jobs in Jammu & Kashmir". The Economic Times. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  47. ↑ Wani, Riyaz (7 April 2020). "India's new domicile law for Jammu & Kashmir is making residents anxious". Quartz India. Retrieved 4 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  48. ↑ Rashid, Hakeem Irfan (1 April 2020). "Central government defines domicile for J&K; those who have lived in UT for 15 yrs, registered migrants & students". The Economic Times. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  49. ↑ Ashiq, Peerzada (1 April 2020). "Kashmir parties oppose Centre's new domicile law". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  50. ↑ Singh, Vijaita (4 April 2020). "Union Home Ministry modifies Jammu & Kashmir domicile order, offers protection to all government posts". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  51. ↑ "Cabinet approves issuance of the Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation (Adaptation of State Laws) Second Order, 2020 in relation of Jammu & Kashmir Civil Services (Decentralisation and Recruitment) Act". pib.gov.in. Cabinet. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  52. ↑ "Jammu and Kashmir domicile rules: Centre trying to change demography of UT, claim politcial parties". The New Indian Express. PTI. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  53. ↑ "Law on domicile conditions for J&K jobs gets Cabinet nod". The Indian Express. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  54. ↑ "Centre notifies new laws allowing anyone to buy land in J&K, Ladakh". Scroll.in. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  55. ↑ "Centre notifies new laws allowing any Indian citizen to buy land in Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh". Firstpost. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Chauhan, Neeraj; Hussain, Ashiq (10 August 2021). "Two from outside bought property in J&K since 2019: Centre tells LS". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 12 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Govt introduces Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2021 in LS". The Times of India. 13 February 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ↑ "Parliament approves J-K reorganisation amendment bill". Hindustan Times. 13 February 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  59. ↑ "Reorganisation of J&K internal affair: India slams China over Kashmir statement". Press Trust of India. 31 October 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019 – via The Times of India.

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