Delhi Ring Railway: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox rail line
{{Infobox rail line
| name                           = Delhi Ring Railway
| name           = Delhi Ring Railway
| image                           =  
| image           = Delhi ring rail.jpg
| image_width                     =  
| image_width     =  
| caption                         =  
| caption         =  
| type                           = [[Commuter Rail|Suburban Rail]]
| type           = [[Commuter Rail|Suburban Rail]]
| system                         = [[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
| system         = [[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
| status                         =  
| status         =  
| locale                         = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| locale         = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| start                           = [[Nizamuddin Railway Station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]]
| start           = [[Nizamuddin Railway Station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]]
| end                             = [[Nizamuddin Railway Station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]]
| end             = [[Nizamuddin Railway Station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]]
| stations                       =  
| stations       =  
| daily_ridership                 = 3,700
| daily_ridership = 3,700
| open                           = 1975
| open           = 1975
| close                           =  
| close           =  
| owner                           =  
| owner           =  
| operator                       = [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway]]
| operator       = [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway]]
| character                       = At Grade
| character       = At-grade
| stock                           =  
| stock           =  
| linelength_km                   = 35
| linelength_km   = 35
| tracklength                     =  
| tracklength     =  
| tracks                         =  
| tracks         =  
| gauge                           = {{track gauge|1676mm}} {{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| gauge           = {{RailGauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[Broad gauge]]
| electrification                 =  
| electrification =  
| speed                           =  
| speed           =  
| elevation                       =  
| elevation       =  
| map                             = [[File:Delhi ring rail.jpg|300px]]<br />{{Delhi Ring Railway|inline=1}}
| map             = {{Delhi Ring Railway|inline=y}}
| map_state                       = collapsed
| map_state       = collapsed
}}
}}
'''Delhi Ring Railway''' is part of the Delhi Suburban Railway services. The Ring Railway is a circular rail network in [[Delhi]], which runs parallel to the Ring Road and was conceived during the [[1982 Asian Games]]. Started in 1975 to service goods, it later upgraded for the Games, when 24 additional services were started. Its circular route is {{convert|35|km|abbr=on}} long, which the train takes 90–120 minutes to complete, both clockwise and anti-clockwise, via  [[Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station]], from 8am-7pm. With a return ticket for the entire journey costing {{INR}}12, compared to with Delhi Metro, which is around {{INR}}60, it is preferred by poor and middle-class families.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 February 2012|title=The road around progress|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|url=http://www.livemint.com/2012/02/17201309/The-road-around-progress.html}}</ref>  It runs seven clockwise and six anti-clockwise trains at a peak frequency of 60-90 min., during the morning and evening rush hours. Prior to the 2010 Commonwealth Games, 7 stations near the sports venues, namely Chanakyapuri, Sarojini Nagar, Inderpuri Halt, Lajpat Nagar, Sewa Nagar, Lodhi Colony and Safdarjung, received a facelift at the cost of {{INR}}3 crores.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 February 2011|title=Changing Delhi map makes Ring Railway redundant|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/changing-delhi-map-makes-ring-railway-redundant/752994/0}}</ref><ref name="deccan">{{cite news|date=4 February 2012|title=Ring Rail service chugs into oblivion|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/224687/ring-rail-service-chugs-oblivion.html}}</ref>


The ring-railway service was introduced on a track laid in 1975 so that the large number of goods trains originating, terminating, or passing through the city, could bypass the main passenger stations at New Delhi, Old Delhi and Hazrat Nizamuddin.<ref name="deccan" /> The track was called the 'Delhi Avoiding Line'. Today, however, the Northern Railway's service for passengers within the city has become something which Delhiites are avoiding. There are 12 electric trains on the ring rail. Only three of the twelve [[Electric Multiple Unit|EMUs]] run to full capacity. The rest have just 1-2% occupancy.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} The ring railway starts and ends at the [[Nizamuddin Railway Station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]] Railway Station with trains running in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions around the city.
The '''Delhi Ring railway''', part of [[Delhi Suburban Railway]], is a {{convert|35|km}} circular railway network in Delhi with 21 stations that runs parallel to the [[Inner Ring Road, Delhi|Inner Ring Road]]. Operational from 8 am to 7 pm, it offers clockwise and anti-clockwise services via [[Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station]], completing a full circuit in 90–120 minutes. During peak hours, it has seven clockwise and six anti-clockwise trains, maintaining a 60–90 minute frequency. With a full-circuit fare of approximately {{INRConvert|12}}, significantly lower than the Delhi Metro's {{INRConvert|60}}, it serves as a cost-effective transit option.<ref name=histr1>{{cite news |last=George |first=Rajni |date=21 February 2012 |title=The road around progress |publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/jyHVCM15bOxKeqZZTyrW1I/The-road-around-progress.html |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Varma |first=Vishnu |date=11 March 2016 |title=Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ring-railway-in-an-ever-expanding-delhi-a-ghost-railway-service-lingers/ |work=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Manoj |date=19 November 2017 |title=Travelling between hope and despair: Delhi’s own local awaits a revival push |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/travelling-between-hope-and-despair-delhi-s-own-local-awaits-a-revival-push/story-IG9ZCKrPJRRG2BNOk1R63N.html |work=Hindustan Times |location=New Delhi |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> It was laid in 1975 primarily to service freight trains that could bypass the crowded and passenger-heavy [[Delhi Junction railway station|Old Delhi]] and [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] railway stations.<ref name=histr1/>
[[File:Tilak_Bridge_railway_station_-_Station_board.jpg|thumb|Tilak Bridge railway station]]


== Popularity with commuters ==
==History==
The system is not popular among individual travelers and has been a total failure as far as public transport is considered.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-11|title=Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ring-railway-in-an-ever-expanding-delhi-a-ghost-railway-service-lingers/|access-date=2020-07-08|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Delhi Ring Railway is considered as an example of failed mass transit system. The major reasons for failure of the system are lack of workable connections to other methods of transportation as well as a low-density population in the areas of reach. Making matters worse, the station exits usually open into narrow, dirty alleyways - often more than a kilometre away from the main road. The network is now utilized as a freight corridor, though limited passenger EMU train services are available during peak hours.
 
Prior to the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]], seven stations near the sports venues, namely Chanakyapuri, Sarojini Nagar, Inderpuri Halt, Lajpat Nagar, Sewa Nagar, Lodhi Colony and Safdarjung, received a facelift at the cost of {{INRConvert|3|c|-3}}.<ref name=metupr1>{{cite news|date=22 February 2011|title=Changing Delhi map makes Ring Railway redundant|publisher=[[Indian Express]]|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/changing-delhi-map-makes-ring-railway-redundant/752994/0}}</ref><ref name="deccan">{{cite news|date=4 February 2012|title=Ring Rail service chugs into oblivion|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/224687/ring-rail-service-chugs-oblivion.html}}</ref>
 
The ring-railway service was introduced in 1975 with a stretch from Lajpat Nagar station to [[Adarsh Nagar railway station|Adarsh Nagar station]] via Delhi Safdarjung and Patel Nagar stations so that the large number of goods trains originating, terminating, or passing through the city, could bypass the main passenger stations at New Delhi, Old Delhi and Hazrat Nizamuddin.<ref name="deccan" /> Hence, the track was named the 'Delhi Avoiding Line'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://online.dda.org.in/mpd2041dda/_layouts/MPD2041FINALSUGGESTION/Baseline_Transport_%20160721.pdf |title= Baseline Report - Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041 |date= 16 July 2021 |website= online.dda.org.in |publisher= DDA |access-date= 13 November 2023 |page=29 |quote= The stretch from Lajpat Nagar to Adarsh Nagar station via Delhi Safdarganj (sic) and Patel Nagar stations was originally planned for freight movement to by-pass Delhi by avoiding the major stations and was thus named the “Delhi Avoiding Line” (DAL).}}</ref> It was during the [[1982 Asian Games]] that the service was extended to cater to the movement of people with the introduction of 24 new services.<ref name=histr1/>
 
Today, however, the Northern Railway's service for passengers within the city has become something which Delhiites are avoiding. As of July 2021, nine services were operational on the line in the clockwise and anti-clock-wise directions, with four express/mail and five passenger trains. The average peak hour occupancy of passenger trains is 50 per cent, while their average daily occupancy is 30 per cent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://online.dda.org.in/mpd2041dda/_layouts/MPD2041FINALSUGGESTION/Baseline_Transport_%20160721.pdf |title= Baseline Report - Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041 |date= 16 July 2021 |website= online.dda.org.in |publisher= DDA |access-date= 13 November 2023 |page=29}}</ref> The ridership numbers hover around 3500-4000 per day. In 2018, the [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] announced plans to integrate the ring railway into the [[Delhi Metro]] system through [[Interchange station|interchanges]] and convert it into a robust [[Suburban rail in India|suburban rail system.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-15 |title=Decongesting Delhi: Mega plan to link Capital’s ring rail, Metro network |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/decongesting-delhi-mega-plan-to-link-capital-s-ring-rail-metro-network/story-Lf0h4yaFYj1jOUQtERYDgI.html |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
 
==Stations==
List of the 21 railway stations in clockwise direction (starting from [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]]) is as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/decongesting-delhi-mega-plan-to-link-capital-s-ring-rail-metro-network/story-Lf0h4yaFYj1jOUQtERYDgI.html |title=Decongesting Delhi: Mega plan to link Capital’s ring rail, Metro network |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 February 2018}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Station name
! Note
|-
| [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station|Hazrat Nizamuddin]]
| Interchange with [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station]], the [[Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminus|Sarai Kale Khan ISBT]] and the [[Sarai Kale Khan - Nizamuddin metro station]] on the [[Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|Pink Line]]
|-
| [[Lajpat Nagar railway station|Lajpat Nagar]]
| Interchange with [[Lajpat Nagar metro station]] on the [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|Violet Line]] and Pink Line and the [[Jangpura metro station]] on the Violet Line
|-
| {{rws|Sewa Nagar}}
|
|-
| [[Lodhi Colony railway station|Lodhi Colony]]
|
|-
| {{rws|Sarojini Nagar}}
|
|-
| [[Safdarjung railway station|Delhi Safdarjung]]
|
|-
| {{rws|Chanakyapuri}}
|
|-
| {{rws|Sardar Patel Marg}}
|
|-
| {{rws|Barar Square}}
|
|-
| {{rws|Indrapuri}}
|
|-
| {{rws|Naraina Vihar}}
| Interchange with [[Naraina Vihar metro station]] on the Pink Line
|-
| [[Kirti Nagar railway station|Kirti Nagar]]
| Interchange with [[Kirti Nagar metro station]] on the [[Green Line (Delhi Metro)|Green Line]]
|-
| [[Patel Nagar railway station|Patel Nagar]]
| Interchange with [[Satguru Ram Singh Marg metro station]] on the Green Line
|-
| [[Dayabasti railway station|Daya Basti]]
|
|-
| [[Delhi Sarai Rohilla railway station|Delhi Sarai Rohilla]]
| Interchange with [[Shastri Nagar metro station]] on the [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red Line]]
|-
| [[Delhi Kishanganj railway station|Delhi Kishanganj]]
|
|-
| [[Sadar Bazar railway station|Sadar Bazar]]
| Interchange with [[Tis Hazari metro station]] on the Red Line
|-
| [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]]
| Interchange with [[New Delhi metro station]] on the [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Line]] and the [[Delhi Airport Metro Express|Airport Express]]
|-
| [[Shivaji Bridge railway station|Shivaji Bridge]]
|
|-
| [[Tilak Bridge railway station|Tilak Bridge]]
|
|-
| [[Pragati Maidan railway station|Pragati Maidan]]
| Interchange with [[Supreme Court metro station]] (erstwhile Pragati Maidan) on the [[Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|Blue Line]]
|}
 
== Popularity ==
The ring railway service was quite popular through the 1980s and '90s when Delhi's transport infrastructure was just gathering pace, but since then, with the rapid expansion of the [[Delhi Metro]] coupled with an [[Delhi Transport Corporation|extensive bus network]] and more recently, the opening of the [[RapidX|RRTS]], the ring railway has remained neglected by the city as well as the [[Indian Railways|Railways]]. On average, only 3,700 passengers take the trains every day. The biggest reason for the failure of the railway is a lack of a feeder network, such as approach roads and feeder buses to the stations. The stations are situated at remote locations and are difficult to access by passengers. There is also a problem of security as many stations have been encroached. The trains on this network also run behind schedule most of the time. The network is now utilized as a freight corridor and limited passenger train services are available during peak hours.<ref>{{cite news |last=Varma |first=Vishnu |date=11 March 2016 |title=Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/ring-railway-in-an-ever-expanding-delhi-a-ghost-railway-service-lingers/ |work=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Changing Delhi map makes Ring Railway redundant |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/changing-delhi-map-makes-ring-railway-redundant/752994/0 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=22 Feb 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 February 2012|title=Ring Rail service chugs into oblivion |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/224687/ring-rail-service-chugs-oblivion.html}}</ref>
 
=== Plans for Revival ===
 
The Master Plan for Delhi, 2041 (MPD 2041), recommends that the ridership numbers of the ring railway can be increased by implementing accessibility improvements for major halt stations by creating public plazas, providing walking and cycling infrastructure, and installing proper signage.  Interchange facilities may also be planned to integrate ring rail stations with existing metro stations. Additionally, since the ring rail alignment connects areas of heritage, ecological assets of Delhi and many commercial areas, a special hop-on and hop-off service may be considered for movement of tourists.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-09 |title=Master Plan of Delhi 2041: Ring Rail revamp, intelligent transport system |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/infrastructure/master-plan-of-delhi-2041-strategic-corridors-ring-rail-revamp-intelligent-transport-system-11623247381566.html |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dda.gov.in/sites/default/files/inline-files/Draft%20MPD%202041%20%28English%2909062021_compressed_0.pdf |title= Master Plan for Delhi-2041 (MPD-2041) |date= 9 June 2021 |website= dda.gov.in |publisher= DDA |access-date= 13 November 2023 |page= 70}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 51: Line 133:
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Suburban rail in India]]
[[Category:Suburban rail in India]]
[[Category:Urban ring railways]]

Latest revision as of 18:11, 15 February 2026


Delhi Ring Railway
Overview
LocaleDelhi, India
TerminiHazrat Nizamuddin
Hazrat Nizamuddin
Service
TypeSuburban Rail
SystemDelhi Suburban Railway
Operator(s)Northern Railway
Daily ridership3,700
History
Opened1975
Technical
Line length35 km (22 mi)
CharacterAt-grade
Track gauge5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) Broad gauge
Route map

Legend
km
Patel Nagar
Dayabasti
Kirti Nagar
Delhi Sarai Rohilla
Naraina Vihar
Delhi Kishanganj
Indrapuri
Sadar Bazar
Brar Square
New Delhi
Sardar Patel Marg
Shivaji Bridge
Chanakyapuri
Tilak Bridge
Safdarjung
Pragati Maidan
Sarojini Nagar
Hazrat Nizamuddin
Lodhi Colony
Lajpat Nagar
Sewa Nagar

The Delhi Ring railway, part of Delhi Suburban Railway, is a 35 kilometres (22 mi) circular railway network in Delhi with 21 stations that runs parallel to the Inner Ring Road. Operational from 8 am to 7 pm, it offers clockwise and anti-clockwise services via Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station, completing a full circuit in 90–120 minutes. During peak hours, it has seven clockwise and six anti-clockwise trains, maintaining a 60–90 minute frequency. With a full-circuit fare of approximately ₹12 (17¢ US), significantly lower than the Delhi Metro's ₹60 (84¢ US), it serves as a cost-effective transit option.[1][2][3] It was laid in 1975 primarily to service freight trains that could bypass the crowded and passenger-heavy Old Delhi and New Delhi railway stations.[1]

History[edit | edit source]

Prior to the 2010 Commonwealth Games, seven stations near the sports venues, namely Chanakyapuri, Sarojini Nagar, Inderpuri Halt, Lajpat Nagar, Sewa Nagar, Lodhi Colony and Safdarjung, received a facelift at the cost of ₹3 crore (US$421,000).[4][5]

The ring-railway service was introduced in 1975 with a stretch from Lajpat Nagar station to Adarsh Nagar station via Delhi Safdarjung and Patel Nagar stations so that the large number of goods trains originating, terminating, or passing through the city, could bypass the main passenger stations at New Delhi, Old Delhi and Hazrat Nizamuddin.[5] Hence, the track was named the 'Delhi Avoiding Line'.[6] It was during the 1982 Asian Games that the service was extended to cater to the movement of people with the introduction of 24 new services.[1]

Today, however, the Northern Railway's service for passengers within the city has become something which Delhiites are avoiding. As of July 2021, nine services were operational on the line in the clockwise and anti-clock-wise directions, with four express/mail and five passenger trains. The average peak hour occupancy of passenger trains is 50 per cent, while their average daily occupancy is 30 per cent.[7] The ridership numbers hover around 3500-4000 per day. In 2018, the Ministry of Railways announced plans to integrate the ring railway into the Delhi Metro system through interchanges and convert it into a robust suburban rail system.[8]

Stations[edit | edit source]

List of the 21 railway stations in clockwise direction (starting from Hazrat Nizamuddin) is as follows:[9]

Station name Note
Hazrat Nizamuddin Interchange with Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station, the Sarai Kale Khan ISBT and the Sarai Kale Khan - Nizamuddin metro station on the Pink Line
Lajpat Nagar Interchange with Lajpat Nagar metro station on the Violet Line and Pink Line and the Jangpura metro station on the Violet Line
Sewa Nagar
Lodhi Colony
Sarojini Nagar
Delhi Safdarjung
Chanakyapuri
Sardar Patel Marg
Barar Square
Indrapuri
Naraina Vihar Interchange with Naraina Vihar metro station on the Pink Line
Kirti Nagar Interchange with Kirti Nagar metro station on the Green Line
Patel Nagar Interchange with Satguru Ram Singh Marg metro station on the Green Line
Daya Basti
Delhi Sarai Rohilla Interchange with Shastri Nagar metro station on the Red Line
Delhi Kishanganj
Sadar Bazar Interchange with Tis Hazari metro station on the Red Line
New Delhi Interchange with New Delhi metro station on the Yellow Line and the Airport Express
Shivaji Bridge
Tilak Bridge
Pragati Maidan Interchange with Supreme Court metro station (erstwhile Pragati Maidan) on the Blue Line

Popularity[edit | edit source]

The ring railway service was quite popular through the 1980s and '90s when Delhi's transport infrastructure was just gathering pace, but since then, with the rapid expansion of the Delhi Metro coupled with an extensive bus network and more recently, the opening of the RRTS, the ring railway has remained neglected by the city as well as the Railways. On average, only 3,700 passengers take the trains every day. The biggest reason for the failure of the railway is a lack of a feeder network, such as approach roads and feeder buses to the stations. The stations are situated at remote locations and are difficult to access by passengers. There is also a problem of security as many stations have been encroached. The trains on this network also run behind schedule most of the time. The network is now utilized as a freight corridor and limited passenger train services are available during peak hours.[10][11][12]

Plans for Revival[edit | edit source]

The Master Plan for Delhi, 2041 (MPD 2041), recommends that the ridership numbers of the ring railway can be increased by implementing accessibility improvements for major halt stations by creating public plazas, providing walking and cycling infrastructure, and installing proper signage. Interchange facilities may also be planned to integrate ring rail stations with existing metro stations. Additionally, since the ring rail alignment connects areas of heritage, ecological assets of Delhi and many commercial areas, a special hop-on and hop-off service may be considered for movement of tourists.[13][14]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 George, Rajni (21 February 2012). "The road around progress". Mint. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  2. ↑ Varma, Vishnu (11 March 2016). "Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries". The Indian Express. New Delhi. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  3. ↑ Sharma, Manoj (19 November 2017). "Travelling between hope and despair: Delhi's own local awaits a revival push". Hindustan Times. New Delhi. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  4. ↑ "Changing Delhi map makes Ring Railway redundant". Indian Express. 22 February 2011.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Ring Rail service chugs into oblivion". Deccan Herald. 4 February 2012.
  6. ↑ "Baseline Report - Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041" (PDF). online.dda.org.in. DDA. 16 July 2021. p. 29. Retrieved 13 November 2023. The stretch from Lajpat Nagar to Adarsh Nagar station via Delhi Safdarganj (sic) and Patel Nagar stations was originally planned for freight movement to by-pass Delhi by avoiding the major stations and was thus named the "Delhi Avoiding Line" (DAL).
  7. ↑ "Baseline Report - Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041" (PDF). online.dda.org.in. DDA. 16 July 2021. p. 29. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  8. ↑ "Decongesting Delhi: Mega plan to link Capital's ring rail, Metro network". Hindustan Times. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  9. ↑ "Decongesting Delhi: Mega plan to link Capital's ring rail, Metro network". Hindustan Times. 15 February 2018.
  10. ↑ Varma, Vishnu (11 March 2016). "Ring Railway left behind as Delhi swells beyond boundaries". The Indian Express. New Delhi. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  11. ↑ "Changing Delhi map makes Ring Railway redundant". Indian Express. 22 February 2011.
  12. ↑ "Ring Rail service chugs into oblivion". Deccan Herald. 4 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Master Plan of Delhi 2041: Ring Rail revamp, intelligent transport system". mint. 9 June 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  14. ↑ "Master Plan for Delhi-2041 (MPD-2041)" (PDF). dda.gov.in. DDA. 9 June 2021. p. 70. Retrieved 13 November 2023.

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Suburban railways in India

Template:Greater Delhi transit

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