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{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Bilahari
| name          = Bilahari
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| similar      =
| similar      =
}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Bilahari''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 29th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Sankarabharanam]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale ''[[Mohanam]]'' and the ''[[sampurna raga]]'' scale ''Sankarabharanam''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref>
'''Bilahari''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 29th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Sankarabharanam]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale ''[[Mohanam]]'' and the ''[[sampurna raga]]'' scale ''Sankarabharanam''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> It is a morning rāgam.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>


== Structure and Lakshana ==
== Structure and Lakshana ==
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[[Image:Shankarabharanam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Descending scale with ''shadjam'' at C, which is same as ''Sankarabharanam'' scale]]
[[Image:Shankarabharanam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Descending scale with ''shadjam'' at C, which is same as ''Sankarabharanam'' scale]]


''Bilahari'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''madhyamam'' or ''nishādham'' in the ascending scale. It is an ''audava-sampurna'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:
''Bilahari'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''madhyamam'' or ''nishādham'' in the ascending scale. It is an ''audava-sampurna'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:
 
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|P|D2|S'|foot=yes}} they are used in every song


*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|P|D2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohanam|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohanam|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}


The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandhara, panchamam'' and ''chathusruthi dhaivatham'' in ascending scale, with ''kakali nishadham'' and ''shuddha madhyamam'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].
The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandhara, panchamam'' and ''chathusruthi dhaivatham'' in ascending scale, with ''kakali nishadham'' and ''shuddha madhyamam'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].


This rāgam also uses ''kakali nishadham'' (N2) as an external note (''anya swara'') in the descending scale. Hence it is considered a ''bhashanga rāgam'', a scale with notes external to the parent scale.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />
This rāgam also uses ''kaishiki nishadham'' (N2) as an external note (''anya swara'') in the descending scale. Hence it is considered a ''bhashanga rāgam'', a scale with notes external to the parent scale.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />


==Popular Compositions==
==Popular compositions==
There are many compositions set to ''Bilahari'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[kriti]]s'' composed in ''Bilahari''.
There are many compositions set to ''Bilahari'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' composed in ''Bilahari''.


*''Na jeevadhara'', ''Dorakuna ituvanti'' and ''Kanukontini'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Sharanu Janakana'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Sri Balasubramanya'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Belagu Javadi Baro'' By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
*''Smara Sada'', ''Aaradhayami'', ''Gopalam Seveham'', ''Pahi Padmanabha'', ''Jaya Suganalaya'', ''Pahi Sarasanabha'', ''Santhatham Bhajami'' and ''Vimukhava Tava'' by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]
*''Lakshmi Shobhane'' By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]. This is one of the greatest literary works of [[Vadiraja Tirtha]] with 112 Charanas and the longest composition known by a carnatic composer
*''Parithana michite'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Hanumana Maneyavaru'' by Vidyaprasanna Teertha in [[Kannada]]
*''Sri Chamundeshwari'' by [[Mysore Vasudevacharya]]
*''Na Jeevadhara'', ''Tolijanma'', ''Dorakuna Ituvanti'', ''Kshethra Palaka'', ''Intha Kannanandamemi'', ''Narasimha Nannu Brovave'' and ''Kanugontini'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Anaamilo mahaboob'' is a Khayal in [[Hindi]] by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]
*''Sri Balasubramanya'', ''Kamakshi Sri Varalakshmi'', ''Sri Sambashivam'', ''Ekadantham Bhajeham'', ''Hatakeshwara'' and ''Sri Madhurapuri'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Smara Sada'', ''Aaraadhayaami'', ''Gopalam Seveham'', ''Pahi Padmanabha'', ''Jaya Suganalaya'', ''Pahi Sarasanabha'', ''Sri Narasimha Jaya'', ''Santhatham Bhajami'' and ''Vimukhava Tava'' by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]
*''Karpagambike'', ''Sarvesha Adimaiyai'', ''Vaa Sharavanaa'', ''Jaya Vittala'', ''Pahi Meenalochani'' and '' Nijamunnai Nambinen'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Parithana Michite'' and ''Raara Venugopa Bala([[Swarajati]])'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Sri Chamundeshwari'', ''Evarani Vedani'' and ''Dasharathe Pahimam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevacharya]]
*''Anaamilo Mahaboob'' is a Khayal in [[Hindi]] by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]
*''Vidudhalai Vidudhalai'' by [[Subramania Bharati]]
*'' Puraya Mama Kamam '' is a Tharangam by [[Narayana Teertha]]
*'' Puraya Mama Kamam '' is a Tharangam by [[Narayana Teertha]]
* "Raa ra venu gopala" a famous [[Swarajathi]] was composed in Bilahari
*''Kaanbadeppo'' by [[Ambujam Krishna]]
*Rabindranath Tagore has composed 'Ami Marer Sagor Pari Debo' In Raga Bilahari.
* [[Rabindranath Tagore]] has composed ''Ami Marer Sagor Pari Debo''
*" Intha Chouka" is a varnam composed by [[Veenai Kuppaiyer]]
*''Intha Chouka'' is an [[Adi tala]] [[Varnam]] composed by [[Veena Kuppayyar]]
*''Nenarunchi Elukora'' is an Ata [[tala (music)|tala]] [[varnam]] by Sonti Venkatasubbayya
*''Chalamela'' is an [[Adi tala]] [[Varnam]] composed by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]
*''Maa Mayura'' a Tamil [[Kriti (music)|Kriti]] composed by Mazhavai Chidambara Bharathi
*''Maal Maruganai Ninaindidhu'' by Ramaswami Shivan
*''[[Tillana]]'' by [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]]
*''Paripovalera'', ''Telise Vagalella'' and ''Iturara'' are Javalis by [[Pattabhiramayya]]


==Film songs==
==Film songs==
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|[[Kalyana Parisu]]
|[[Kalyana Parisu]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]]
|[[A. M. Rajah]]
|rowspan=2|[[P. Susheela]]
| rowspan="3" |[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
|Aval Melai Sirithaal
|Aval Melai Sirithaal
|[[Pachhai Vilakku (1964 film)|Pachhai Vilakku]]
|[[Pachhai Vilakku (1964 film)|Pachhai Vilakku]]
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|Vellikizhamai
|[[Nee!]]
|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|-
|Alayamani Kathave Thalthiravai
|Alayamani Kathave Thalthiravai
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|Kondaliley Megam
|Kondaliley Megam
|[[Bala Nagamma (1981 film)|Bala Nagamma]]
|[[Bala Nagamma (1981 film)|Bala Nagamma]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Illayaraja]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Illayaraja]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|-
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|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
|-
|Ullasa Poongatre
|Thendrale
|[[Kolangal (1995 film)|Kolangal]]
|[[Kadhal Desam]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]]
|rowspan="8"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Unni Krishnan]]
|Netru illatha matram
|[[Pudhiya Mugam]]
|rowspan="7"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|-
|Omana Penne
|Omana Penne
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|-
|-
|Pookkale Satru Oyevidungal
|Pookkale Satru Oyevidungal
|[[I (film)|I]]
|[[I (2015 film)|I]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Kummi Adi
|[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]
|[[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]], [[Swarnalatha]], [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Theni Kunjarammal]], Vignesh, Chorus
|-
|-
|Kadhal Anukkal
|Kadhal Anukkal
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|[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]
|[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]
|[[Arjun Chandy]], [[Haricharan]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
|[[Arjun Chandy]], [[Haricharan]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
|-
|Poovukellam Siragu
|[[Uyirodu Uyiraga]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
|-
|Vaan Engum Nee Minna
|Vaan Engum Nee Minna
|[[Endrendrum Punnagai]]
|[[Endrendrum Punnagai]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Harris Jeyaraj]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Harris Jeyaraj]]
|[[Aalap Raju]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Devan Ekambaram|Devan]], [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]]
|[[Aalap Raju]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Devan Ekambaram|Devan]], [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]]
|-
|-
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|[[Gethu]]
|[[Gethu]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
|[[Haricharan]], [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
|-
| Mun Andhi
| [[7 Aum Arivu]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]
|-
|Kalyana Sundari Yaro Oru Murai
|[[Adaikalam]]
|[[Sabesh–Murali]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]],[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|-
|Kanna Nee Thoongadaa
|Kanna Nee Thoongadaa
|[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]
|[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|rowspan=2|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|Nayana Nair
|Nayana Nair
|-
|-
|Kadhalaada Kadhalaada
|Koelae
|[[Vivegam]]
''("Nethalla Marandhida Adingada Janda")''
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|[[RRR]]
|[[Shashaa Tirupati]], [[Anirudh Ravichander]],Narmatha,Pooja
|Vishal Mishra, Benny Dayal, Sahiti Chagandi, Harika Narayan
|-
|Siru Thoduthalile
|[[Laadam]]
|[[Dharan Kumar]]
|[[Bombay Jayashree]], [[Haricharan]]
|-
|-
|Pularaadha
|Pularaadha
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|[[Justin Prabhakaran]]
|[[Justin Prabhakaran]]
|[[Sid Sriram]], Aishwarya Ravichandran
|[[Sid Sriram]], Aishwarya Ravichandran
|-
|Rasavachiye
|[[Aranmanai 3]]
|[[C. Sathya]]
|[[Sid Sriram]]
|-
|Aradhya
|[[Kushi (2023 film)]]
|[[Hesham Abdul Wahab]]
|[[Sid Sriram]], [[Chinmayi Sripada]]
|-
|Kaami Kaami
|[[Tughlaq Durbar]]
|[[Govind Vasantha]]
|Govind Vasantha, Swastika Swaminathan
|}
|}


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=== Scale similarities ===
=== Scale similarities ===
*''Mohanam'' has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of ''Bilahari''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
*[[Mohanam]] has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of ''Bilahari''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
*''[[Mohanakalyani]]'' is a rāgam which has the ''prati madhyamam'' in descending scale (descending scale of ''[[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]'') in place of the ''shuddha madhyamam''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M2 G3 R2 S
*[[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Shankarabharanam]] is a rāgam with the notes same as the descending scale of ''Bilahari''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S N3 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S
*''[[Garudadhvani]]'' is a rāgam which has the ascending and descending scales interchanged, in comparison with ''Bilahari''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
*[[Mohanakalyani]] is a rāgam which has the ''prati madhyamam'' in descending scale (descending scale of ''[[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]'') in place of the ''shuddha madhyamam''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M2 G3 R2 S
Desakshi is a raga which is similar to Bilahari. The arohana remains the same, while the sampoorna avarohana has Kaishiki Nishada in place of Kakali Nishada.
*[[Garudadhvani]] is a rāgam which has the ascending and descending scales interchanged, in comparison with ''Bilahari''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
*''Desakshi'' is a rāgam which is similar to Bilahari. The arohana remains the same, while the sampoorna avarohana has Kaishiki Nishada in place of Kakali Nishada. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N2 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
 
{{Portal|India|Music}}
<references/>
{{reflist}}


{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}


[[Category:Janya Ragas]]
[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Latest revision as of 21:17, 17 March 2026


Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box
Bilahari
ArohanamS R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₃ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S

Bilahari is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 29th melakarta scale Sankarabharanam. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the sampurna raga scale Sankarabharanam.[1]

Structure and Lakshana[edit | edit source]

Ascending scale with shadjam at C, which is same as Mohanam scale
Descending scale with shadjam at C, which is same as Sankarabharanam scale

Bilahari is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain madhyamam or nishādham in the ascending scale. It is an audava-sampurna rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandhara, panchamam and chathusruthi dhaivatham in ascending scale, with kakali nishadham and shuddha madhyamam included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

This rāgam also uses kaishiki nishadham (N2) as an external note (anya swara) in the descending scale. Hence it is considered a bhashanga rāgam, a scale with notes external to the parent scale.[1][2]

Popular compositions[edit | edit source]

There are many compositions set to Bilahari rāgam. Here are some popular kritis composed in Bilahari.

Film songs[edit | edit source]

Language:Tamil[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Singer
Orumaiyudan Ninathu Thirumalaradi Konjum Salangai S. M. Subbaiah Naidu Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi
Unnaikkandu Naanada Kalyana Parisu A. M. Rajah P. Susheela
Aval Melai Sirithaal Pachhai Vilakku Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy
Vellikizhamai Nee! M. S. Viswanathan
Alayamani Kathave Thalthiravai Thiruvarutchelvar K. V. Mahadevan T. M. Soundararajan, Master Maharajan
Kondaliley Megam Bala Nagamma Illayaraja K.J. Yesudas
Nee ondruthan Unnal Mudiyum Thambi
Maaman Veedu Ellam Inba Mayyam Malaysia Vasudevan
Thendrale Kadhal Desam A. R. Rahman Mano, Unni Krishnan
Omana Penne Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa Benny Dayal, Kalyani Menon
Poo Pookum Osai Minsara Kanavu Sujatha Mohan
Pookkale Satru Oyevidungal I Haricharan, Shreya Ghoshal
Kummi Adi Sillunu Oru Kaadhal Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram, Swarnalatha, Naresh Iyer, Theni Kunjarammal, Vignesh, Chorus
Kadhal Anukkal Enthiran Vijay Prakash, Shreya Ghoshal
Vaanga Makka Vaanga Kaaviya Thalaivan Haricharan,Dr. Narayanan
Azhagiye Kaatru Veliyidai Arjun Chandy, Haricharan, Jonita Gandhi
Vaan Engum Nee Minna Endrendrum Punnagai Harris Jeyaraj Aalap Raju, Harini, Devan, Praveen
Then Kathu Gethu Haricharan, Shashaa Tirupati
Mun Andhi 7 Aum Arivu Karthik, Megha
Kalyana Sundari Yaro Oru Murai Adaikalam Sabesh–Murali Shankar Mahadevan,Anuradha Sriram
Kanna Nee Thoongadaa Baahubali 2: The Conclusion M. M. Keeravani Nayana Nair
Koelae

("Nethalla Marandhida Adingada Janda")

RRR Vishal Mishra, Benny Dayal, Sahiti Chagandi, Harika Narayan
Siru Thoduthalile Laadam Dharan Kumar Bombay Jayashree, Haricharan
Pularaadha Dear Comrade Justin Prabhakaran Sid Sriram, Aishwarya Ravichandran
Rasavachiye Aranmanai 3 C. Sathya Sid Sriram
Aradhya Kushi (2023 film) Hesham Abdul Wahab Sid Sriram, Chinmayi Sripada
Kaami Kaami Tughlaq Durbar Govind Vasantha Govind Vasantha, Swastika Swaminathan

Related rāgams[edit | edit source]

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Scale similarities[edit | edit source]

  • Mohanam has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of Bilahari. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
  • Shankarabharanam is a rāgam with the notes same as the descending scale of Bilahari. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S N3 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S
  • Mohanakalyani is a rāgam which has the prati madhyamam in descending scale (descending scale of Kalyani) in place of the shuddha madhyamam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M2 G3 R2 S
  • Garudadhvani is a rāgam which has the ascending and descending scales interchanged, in comparison with Bilahari. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
  • Desakshi is a rāgam which is similar to Bilahari. The arohana remains the same, while the sampoorna avarohana has Kaishiki Nishada in place of Kakali Nishada. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N2 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G P D Ṡ
    • Western: C D E G A C
  2. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M G R S
    • Western: C B A G F E D C

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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