Khamas (raga): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
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{{Carnatic}}  
{{Carnatic}}  
'''Khamas'''<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> or '''Kamās'''/ '''Khamās''' /'''Khamāch'''/ '''Khamāj''' / '''Kamāchi'''  ('''கமாச்''') '''(ఖమాస్/కమాచి)''' <span lang="te" dir="ltr">is</span> a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale.
'''Khamas'''<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> or '''Kamās'''/ '''Khamās''' /'''Khamāch'''/ '''Khamāj''' / '''Kamāchi'''  ('''கமாச்''') '''(ఖమాస్/కమాచి)'''''' ಖಮಾಚ್''' <span lang="te" dir="ltr">is</span> a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale.


It is a scale that evokes ''Shringara [[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> It is suitable for ''javali'' type compositions.<ref name="raganidhi" />
It is a scale that evokes ''Shringara [[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> It is suitable for ''javali'' type compositions.<ref name="raganidhi" />


== Structure and Lakshana ==
== Structure and lakshana ==
[[File:Harikambhoji scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Parent scale ''Harikambhoji'' with ''shadjam'' at C]]
[[File:Harikambhoji scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Parent scale ''Harikambhoji'' with ''shadjam'' at C]]


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*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}


The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].
The notes used in this scale are ''shadjamam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].


==Alternate versions==
==Alternate versions==
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==Popular compositions==
==Popular compositions==
There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' composed in this ragam.
There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' [[Raga]]. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|Kriti]]s'', ''[[Thillana]]s,'' ''[[Varnam]]s'', ''[[Swarajati]]s'', ''Padams'' and [[Carnatic music|Javalis]] composed in this [[Raga]].
*''Santana-gopala krishnam'', ''shadanane sakalam arpayami'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana''  by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
 
*''Sujana jeevana'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Sambhashiva([[Swarajati]])'' by Chinnikrishna Dasar
*''Dooru Maduvarene'', ''Mooruthiyanu niliso'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Edho Paramukham([[Swarajati]])'' by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Tanjore Quartet]]
*''Maatada Baradeno'' By Bangalore Nagarathnamma
*''Mate Malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate(Daru[[varnam]])'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Rama jogi mandu'', ''Ivela Nannu brovara'' and ''Rama rara''  by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
*''Samiyai Azhaittu Vaadi(Pada[[varnam]])'' and ''Sami Ni Rammanave(Pada[[varnam]])'' by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Thanjavur Quartet]]
*''Entaninne'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
*''Entaninne(Pada[[varnam]])'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
*''[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]'' and ''Intha paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
*''Sa vama rusha yatu(Pada[[varnam]]), Sarasa-sama-mukha([[Krithi]]), Sreesha Padmanabha Pahi([[Krithi]]) and Palayamamayi bho shrikanthesha([[Krithi]])'' by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Idathu padam thookki'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Velanai Kaanbom (Pada[[varnam]]) an Velanai Ninainthal([[Krithi]])'' by Muthuswami Kavi
*''[[Tham Tham Tham - Thillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Vesariti Neeve(Pada[[varnam]])'' by Dr. [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
*''Dholayam chala Dholayam chala'' by [[Annamacharya]]
*''Ma Mohalahiri(Pada[[varnam]])'' by Kadigal Namachivaaya Pulavar
*''Upendram ashrayami santatam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya
*''Santanagopala Krishnam'', ''Danda Nathaya'', ''Shadanane Sakalamarpayami'', ''Sri Swaminathaya Namaste'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana''  by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Sujana Jeevana'', ''Laali Laaliyani'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Shambho mahadeva chandrachuda'' by Parameswara Bhagavatar
*''Manasa Ramuni Maravakave''  by [[Venkataramana Bhagavathar]]
*''Saraswati sarasa-vani sarasija-bhavunikki-rani'' by Varadadasar
*''Dooru Maduvarene'', ''Mooruthiyanu Niliso'' and ''Palise Enna'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Sarasa-sama-mukha'', ''palaya mamayi bho shrikanthesha'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Swathi Tirunal]]
*''Theruvatheppo'' by [[Neelakanta Sivan]]
*''Jayati jayati bharata-mata'' by [[Viswanatha Sastri|Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri]]
*''Theruvil Varano(Padam)'' by [[Muthu Thandavar]]
*''Maatada Baradeno(Jaavali)'' By [[Bangalore Nagarathnamma]]
*''Aapaduraku (Jaavali)'' By [[Pattabhiramayya|Pattbhiramayya]]
*''Rama Jogi Mandu'', ''Ivela Nannu Brovara'' and ''Rama Rara''  by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
*''Brochevaarevarura'', ''Upendram Ashrayami Santatam'' and ''Intha Paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
*''Konji Konji Vaa Guhane Murugane'' by [[Periyasaamy Thooran]]
*''Idathu Padam Thookki'', ''Thiruvalar Mayilaiyin'', ''Senthil Valar Sevalane'', ''Kadaikkan Paarvai'' and ''Rama Naama Amrutha Paaname'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Amba Ninnu Korina'' by Dr. [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
*''[[Tillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''[[Tillana]]'' by Dr. [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]
*''Dholayam Chala Dholayam Chala'' by [[Annamacharya]]
*''Shambho Mahadeva Chandrachuda'' by [[Palghat Parameswara Bhagavathar]]
*''Saraswati Sarasa-vani Sarasija-bhavunikki-rani'' by [[M. D. Ramanathan]]
*''Jayati Jayati Bharata Mata'' by [[Viswanatha Sastri|Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri]]


==Film Compositions==
==Film Compositions==
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|[[S. Janaki]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]]
|[[S. Janaki]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]]
|-
|-
|Kootathilae Kovil Pura((Karnataka Khamas Based)
|Kootathilae Kovil Pura(Karnataka Khamas Based)
|[[Idaya Kovil]]
|[[Idaya Kovil]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
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|-
|-
|Uyirum Neeye
|Uyirum Neeye
|[[Pavithra]]
|[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]
|rowspan="3"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|rowspan="2"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|rowspan="2"|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
|Sakiyae Nee
|rowspan=2|[[Anthimanthaarai]]
|-
|-
|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu
|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu
|[[Anthimanthaarai]]
|[[Swarnalatha]]
|[[Swarnalatha]]
 
|-
| Poo Poovaa
| [[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]
| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Febi Mani]]
|-
| Sokka Naanum Nikkuren
| [[Boat (2024 film)|Boat]]
| [[Ghibran]]
| [[Sudha Raghunathan]]
|}
|}


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==References==
==References==
 
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


Latest revision as of 15:57, 29 March 2026


Khamas
ArohanamS M₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S
Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

Khamas[1][2] or Kamās/ Khamās /'Khamāch/ Khamāj / Kamāchi (கமாச்) (ఖమాస్/కమాచి)' ಖಮಾಚ್ is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale.

It is a scale that evokes Shringara rasa.[1][2] It is suitable for javali type compositions.[2]

Structure and lakshana[edit | edit source]

Parent scale Harikambhoji with shadjam at C

Khamas is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham in the ascending scale. It is a vakra-shadava-sampurna rāgam (vakra-shadava, meaning 6 notes in ascending scale with zig-zag moves).[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

The notes used in this scale are shadjamam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam and kaisiki nishadham in ascending scale, with chathusruthi rishabham included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

Alternate versions[edit | edit source]

Originally, Khamas was an upanga raga (uses only the notes in the parent scale). Later with the usage in javalis and other later compositions, the bhashanga type of Khamas came into use (using notes external to the scale).[1] Kakali nishadam (N3) is introduced as anya swara (external note) occasionally.[1]

According to Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music, Khamas is a sampurna raga with no zig-zag notes (no vakra usage).[1][2]

Khamāj (खमाज) of Hindustani Music closely resembles Khamas raga. The Hindi film song ‘Tere Mere Milan Ki’ from the movie Abhimaan is based on Khamaj.[3]

Popular compositions[edit | edit source]

There are many compositions set to Khamas Raga. Here are some popular Kritis, Thillanas, Varnams, Swarajatis, Padams and Javalis composed in this Raga.

Film Compositions[edit | edit source]

Language:Tamil[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Singer
Orunaal Oru Pozhuthu Thiruneelakantar Papanasam Sivan M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Maanida Jenmam Meendum Vandhidumo Raja Mukthi C. R. Subburaman
Naan Pesa Vanthen Palloti Valartha Killi Illayaraja S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Pallaviye Charanam Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam
Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based) Komberi Mookan
Margazhi Matham Panjami(Unreleased Movie) S. Janaki, T. V. Gopalakrishnan
Kootathilae Kovil Pura(Karnataka Khamas Based) Idaya Kovil S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Ponnil Vaanam(Karnataka Khamas Based) Villu Pattukaran S. Janaki
Uyirum Neeye Pavithra A. R. Rahman P. Unnikrishnan
Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu Anthimanthaarai Swarnalatha
Poo Poovaa Unnai Kann Theduthey Deva S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Febi Mani
Sokka Naanum Nikkuren Boat Ghibran Sudha Raghunathan

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S M G M P D Ṉ Ṡ
    • Western: C F E F G A B♭ C
  2. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S
    • Western: C B♭ A G F E D C

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
  3. ↑ Hindustani music's equivalent of Khamas Raga
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