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{{Short description|Indo-Aryan language group of India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}} | ||
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| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] | | fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] | ||
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] | | fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] | ||
| fam4 = | | fam4 = [[Western Indo-Aryan languages|Western]]<ref>[http://homepages.fh-giessen.de/kausen/klassifikationen/Indogermanisch.doc Ernst Kausen, 2006. ''Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen''] ([[Microsoft Word]], 133 KB)</ref><!--sources differ on which zone of Indo-Aryan Bhili should be assigned to--> | ||
| child1 = Northern | | child1 = Northern | ||
| child2 = Central | | child2 = Central | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Bhil languages''' are a group of [[Indo-Aryan languages]] spoken by around 10.4 million [[Bhil]]s in western and central [[India]] as of 2011 | The '''Bhil languages''' are a group of [[lect]]s spoken by the [[Bhils|Bhil]] that are classified as dialects of [[Indo-Aryan languages]] such as [[Gujarati languages|Gujarati]] and [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]].<ref>{{cite book|author=George L. van Driem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EswEAAAQBAJ|title=Ethnolinguistic Prehistory| date=25 May 2021 |page=220| publisher=BRILL | isbn=978-90-04-44837-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Prakash Chandra Mehta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoQqpkfrXfAC|title=Ethnographic Atlas of Indian Tribes| date=2004 |page=191| publisher=Discovery Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7141-852-7 }}</ref> They are spoken by around 10.4 million [[Bhil]]s in western and central [[India]] as of 2011<ref name="Cenus2011">{{cite web |title=ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=Indian Census 2011, Government of India |access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref> and constitute the primary languages of the southern [[Aravalli Range]] in [[Rajasthan]] and the western [[Satpura Range]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], northwestern Maharashtra, and southern Gujarat. | ||
According to the 52nd report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs (India)|Ministry of Minority Affairs]], Bhili is the most commonly spoken language of the [[district]] of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] constituting 40.42% of its total population. Bhili speakers are also significant in the states of [[Gujarat]] (4.75%), [[Madhya Pradesh]] (4.93%) and [[Rajasthan]] (4.60%).<ref name="MoMA">{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
==Relationship == | ==Relationship == | ||
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**[[Bhilali language|Bhilali]] (Rathawi) | **[[Bhilali language|Bhilali]] (Rathawi) | ||
**[[Chodri language|Chodri]] | **[[Chodri language|Chodri]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Dhodia–Kukna language|Dhodia–Kukna]] | ||
**[[Dhanki language|Dhanki]]<!--not the same as the Dangri dial. of Kandeshi?--> | **[[Dhanki language|Dhanki]]<!--not the same as the Dangri dial. of Kandeshi?--> | ||
**[[Dubli language|Dubli]] | **[[Dubli language|Dubli]] | ||
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Other Bhil languages include [[Gamit language|Gamit]] (Gamti) and [[Mawchi language|Mawchi]]. [[Vasavi language|Vasavi]] is spoken by ethnic Bhils, but may be closer to Gujarati. Similarly, [[Malvi language|Malvi]] and [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] may be closer to Rajasthani. The recently described [[Vaagri Booli]] may also be a Bhil language. | Other Bhil languages include [[Gamit language|Gamit]] (Gamti) and [[Mawchi language|Mawchi]]. [[Vasavi language|Vasavi]] is spoken by ethnic Bhils, but may be closer to Gujarati. Similarly, [[Malvi language|Malvi]] and [[Nimadi language|Nimadi]] may be closer to Rajasthani. The recently described [[Vaagri Booli]] may also be a Bhil language. | ||
== See also == | |||
*[[Rathwi Bareli]] | |||
*[[Languages of India]] | |||
*[[Gujarati language]] | |||
*[[Gujarati people]] | |||
*[[Languages with official status in India]] | |||
*[[List of Indian languages by total speakers]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | |||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
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[[Category:Western Indo-Aryan languages]] | [[Category:Western Indo-Aryan languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages of Rajasthan]] | [[Category:Languages of Rajasthan]] | ||
[[Category:Bhil]] | [[Category:Bhil|*]] | ||
[[Category:Languages of Gujarat]] | [[Category:Languages of Gujarat]] | ||
[[Category:Languages of Madhya Pradesh]] | [[Category:Languages of Madhya Pradesh]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:30, 1 March 2026
| Bhil | |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Bhil people |
| Geographic distribution | India |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | bhil1254 |
 Bhili-speaking regions of India | |
The Bhil languages are a group of lects spoken by the Bhil that are classified as dialects of Indo-Aryan languages such as Gujarati and Rajasthani.[2][3] They are spoken by around 10.4 million Bhils in western and central India as of 2011[4] and constitute the primary languages of the southern Aravalli Range in Rajasthan and the western Satpura Range in Madhya Pradesh, northwestern Maharashtra, and southern Gujarat.
According to the 52nd report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Bhili is the most commonly spoken language of the district of Dadra and Nagar Haveli constituting 40.42% of its total population. Bhili speakers are also significant in the states of Gujarat (4.75%), Madhya Pradesh (4.93%) and Rajasthan (4.60%).[5]
Relationship[edit | edit source]
The Bhil languages form a link midway between the Gujarati language and the Rajasthani–Marwari languages.
Grouped geographically, the Bhil languages are the following:
- Northern Bhil
- Central Bhil
- Bhili proper (Patelia), Bhilodi, Adiwasa & Rajput Garasia [mutually intelligible; some intelligible with Marwari]
- Bhilali (Rathawi)
- Chodri
- Dhodia–Kukna
- Dhanki
- Dubli
- Eastern Bhil (Bareli)
- Palya Bareli
- Pauri Bareli
- Rathwi Bareli
- Pardhi
- Kalto (Nahali)
Other Bhil languages include Gamit (Gamti) and Mawchi. Vasavi is spoken by ethnic Bhils, but may be closer to Gujarati. Similarly, Malvi and Nimadi may be closer to Rajasthani. The recently described Vaagri Booli may also be a Bhil language.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Rathwi Bareli
- Languages of India
- Gujarati language
- Gujarati people
- Languages with official status in India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen (Microsoft Word, 133 KB)
- ↑ George L. van Driem (25 May 2021). Ethnolinguistic Prehistory. BRILL. p. 220. ISBN 978-90-04-44837-7.
- ↑ Prakash Chandra Mehta (2004). Ethnographic Atlas of Indian Tribes. Discovery Publishing House. p. 191. ISBN 978-81-7141-852-7.
- ↑ "ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Indian Census 2011, Government of India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Khare, Randhir. "Dangs: Journeys Into The Heartland". New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers India. Archived 19 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- Khare, Randhir. "Flight Of Arrows". Selected Song Poems Of The Bhils.Pune:Grasswork Books
- Khare, Randhir. The Singing Bow: Song-Poems of the Bhil. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers India, 2001. ISBN 81-7223-425-2
- Varma, Siddheshwar. Bhil Dialects and Khandesi: A Linguistic Analysis. Panjab University Indological series, 23. Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vishva Bandhu Institute of Sanskrit and Indological Studies, Panjab University, 1978.
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