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{{Short description|Musical scale (raga) in Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Kalyani
| name          = Kalyani
| synonym      =  
| synonym      =  
| image_name    =  
| image_name    = Kalayana_Ragamala_painting.png
| image_alt    =  
| image_alt    = Kalayana Ragamala painting
| mela          =  
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| chakra        =  
| chakra        =  
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'''Kalyani''' is a [[melakarta]] [[raga]] (parent musical scale) in the [[Carnatic music]]. It was called Kalyan but is now more popularly called [[Yaman (raga)|Yaman]] in [[Hindustani Music]]. Its Western equivalent is the [[Lydian mode]].
'''Kalyani''' is a [[melakarta]] [[ragam]] (parent musical scale) in the [[Carnatic music]]. It is the prati madhyama equivalent of the raga [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]]. It was called Kalyan but is now more popularly called [[Yaman (raga)|Yaman]] in [[Hindustani Music]]. Its Western equivalent is the [[Lydian mode]].


== Kalyani in Carnatic music ==
== Kalyani in Carnatic music ==
In South Indian weddings it is a very prominently played raga. The word ''Kalyani'' means ''she who causes auspicious things''. It is the 65th [[melakarta]] raga under the [[Katapayadi]] [[Katapayadi sankhya|sankhya]]. It is also called ''Mechakalyani''. The notes for Kalyani are S R<sub>2</sub> G<sub>3</sub> M<sub>2</sub> P D<sub>2</sub> N<sub>3</sub>. Kalyani is the first Prathi Madhyama raga that was ever discovered. It was obtained by the process of Graha Bhedam or modal shift of tonic of the ancient Shadja Grama.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Raganidhi: A Comparative Study of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Three (K to P) |last=Rao |first=B.Subba |publisher=The Music Academy |year=1996 |location=Madras |pages=10}}</ref>
In South Indian weddings it is a very prominently played ragam. The word ''Kalyani'' means ''she who causes auspicious things''. It is the 65th [[melakarta]] ragam under the [[Katapayadi]] [[Katapayadi sankhya|sankhya]]. It is also called ''Mechakalyani''. The notes for Kalyani are S R<sub>2</sub> G<sub>3</sub> M<sub>2</sub> P D<sub>2</sub> N<sub>3</sub>. Kalyani is the first Prathi Madhyama raga that was ever discovered. It was obtained by the process of Graha Bhedam or modal shift of tonic of the ancient Shadja Grama.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Raganidhi: A Comparative Study of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Three (K to P) |last=Rao |first=B.Subba |publisher=The Music Academy |year=1996 |location=Madras |pages=10}}</ref>


=== Specifics on this raga ===
=== Specifics on this raga ===
Kalyani has scope for elaborate [[alapana]]. One should not remain too long on panchamam (pa) or alternate between shadjamam and panchamam too frequently. Kalyani is prominently known among the public. It is often performed at the beginning of concerts because it is considered auspicious.<ref name=":0" /> This raga is very special because it is sung with all higher notes.
Kalyani has scope for elaborate [[alapana]]. One should not remain too long on panchamam (pa) or alternate between shadjamam and panchamam too frequently. Kalyani is prominently known among the public. It is often performed at the beginning of concerts because it is considered auspicious.<ref name=":0" />


=== Structure and lakshana ===
=== Structure and lakshana ===
[[File:Kalyani scale.gif|314px|thumb|Kalyani scale with Shadjam at C]]
[[File:Kalyani scale.gif|314px|thumb|Kalyani scale with Shadjam at C]]


It is the 5th ragam in the 11th chakra ''Rudra''. The mnemonic name is ''Rudra-Ma''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ri gu mi pa dhi (or 'di') nu''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> Its {{IAST|arohana-avarohana}} structure is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
It is the 5th ragam in the 11th chakra ''Rudra''. The mnemonic name is ''Rudra-Ma''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ri gu mi pa dhi (or 'di') nu''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> Its {{IAST|arohana-avarohana}} structure is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
* [[Arohana|{{IAST|arohana}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M2|P|D2|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
* [[Arohana|{{IAST|arohana}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M2|P|D2|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
* [[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohana}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
* [[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohana}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}


The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chatushūruti rishabam, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, chatushruti dhaivatam, kakali nishadam''. It is a [[Sampurna raga]] in Carnatic music, that is to say, has all the seven notes: ''Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni''. It is the ''prati madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam]]'', which is the 29th ''melakarta''. This raga is very significant to the chart, because it is sung with all higher notes.
The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chatushūruti rishabam, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam,panchamam, chatushruti dhaivatam, kakali nishadam''. It is a [[Sampurna raga]] in Carnatic music, that is to say, has all the seven notes: ''Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni''. It is the ''prati madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]]'', which is the 29th ''melakarta''. This raga is very significant to the chart, because it is sung with all higher notes.


=== Janya ragams ===
=== Janya ragams ===
Kalyani has many [[janya]] ragams (derived scales) associated with it, of which ''Hamir Kalyani'', ''[[Mohanakalyani]]'', ''Saranga'', ''[[Sunadavinodini]]'' and ''Yamuna Kalyani'' are very popular. See ''[[List of Janya Ragas#Mechakalyani|List of Janya Ragams]]'' for full list of rāgams associated with Kalyani.
Kalyani has many [[janya]] ragams (derived scales)associated with it, of which ''Hamir Kalyani'', ''[[Mohanakalyani]]'', ''[[Amritha Kalyani]]'', ''Saranga'', ''[[Nada Kalyani]]'', ''[[Sunadavinodini]]'' and ''[[Yamunakalyani]]'' are very popular. See ''[[List of Janya Ragas#Kalyani|List of Janya Ragams]]'' for full list of rāgams associated with Kalyani.


== Popular compositions ==
=== Related ragams ===
Nearly every significant Carnatic composer (including the [[Trinity of Carnatic music]]) has composed several pieces in the Kalyani ragam. Kalyani is also considered one of the "major" ragams of Carnatic music along with ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Sankarabharanam]]'', ''[[Hanumatodi|Todi]]'' and ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'' (the set of "major" rāgams is an informal grouping of the most popular ragams used for elaboration and exploration, and which often form the centerpiece of a [[Carnatic music#Content|Carnatic music concert]] in the form of a ''[[Ragam Tanam Pallavi]] (RTP)'' or a ''[[kriti]]''). See [[#Related rāgams|next section]] for further information on relationships between these ragams.
This section covers the theoretical aspects of Kalyani.


Here is a short list of compositions in Kalyani.
Kalyani's notes when shifted using [[Graha bhedam]], yields 5 other major Melakarta ragams, namely, ''[[Hanumatodi]]'', ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Sankarabharanam]]'', ''[[Natabhairavi]]'', ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'' and ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. For further details and an illustration of Graha bhedam of this ragam refer [[Dheerasankarabharanam#Related rāgams|Related ragams section in Sankarabharanam]] page.


* ''Vanajāksha'', an [[Tala (music)|Ata tala]] [[varnam]] and ''Needu Charana'' composed by ''Pallavi Gopala Iyer''.
== Popular compositions ==
* ''Nidhi chāla sukhamā'', ''Etavunnārā'', ''Sundari nī Divya'', ''Ammā Rāvammā'', ''Sandehamu Elara'', ''Bhajana Seyave'' and ''Vāsudēvanyani'' by [[Tyagaraja]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
Nearly every significant Carnatic composer (including the [[Trinity of Carnatic music]]) has composed several pieces in the Kalyani ragam. Kalyani is considered one of the "major" ragams of Carnatic music along with ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Sankarabharanam]]'', ''[[Hanumatodi|Todi]]'' and ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'' (the set of "major" rāgams is an informal grouping of the most popular [[Melakarta]] ragams used for elaboration and exploration, and which often form the centerpiece of a [[Carnatic music#Content|Carnatic music concert]] in the form of a ''[[Ragam Tanam Pallavi]] (RTP)'' or a ''[[Kriti (music)|Kriti]]''). See [[#Related_ragams|Related ragams section]] for further information on relationships between these ragams. The state anthem of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], ''[[Kayo Shri Gowri|Kayou Shri Gowri]]'' is also set in this raga.
* ''Kamalāmbāṃ bhajarē'' ,''Bhajarē Re Chittha'', ''Shiv aKameshwarim Chintayeham'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] in [[Sanskrit]]
Here is a short list of compositions in Kalyani:
* ''Kantimati Karunamrta'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
* ''Himādri sutē pāhimaṃ'', ''Birāna varālichi'', and ''Talli Ninnu Nēranammi'' by [[Syama Sastri]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* ''Adrisutavara'', ''Pankaja lōcana'', ''Pahimaṃ Śri Vāgīśvari(Navarathri second day krithi)'', ''Paripahimamayi'', ''Sarasa Suvadana'', ''Sevesyanandureswara'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
* ''Nannu brovamani cheppave'', ''Bhajare sriramam'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
* ''Nambi Kettavarillavo'', ''kallu sakkare koLLiro'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
* ''Unnai allal'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
* ''Sadanandame'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]]
* ''Mahatripurasundari'' by [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]]
* ''Tanom nom tara tillana'' by [[M. Balamuralikrishna|M Balamurali Krishna]]
* ''Achyutham Keshavam by Mahesh Mahadev in his new ragas Nada Kalyani & Amritha Kalyani sung by'' [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]


The most popular film composition set in Kalyani is "Mannavan Vandhanadi Thozhi" by K. V. Mahadevan rendered by P. Susheela,<ref>http://www.thamizhisai.com/tamil-cinema/tamil-cinema-001/tc0001_thiruvarut-selvar.php</ref>" and ''Sindhanai Sei Maname'' by G. Ramanadhan. [[M. S. Viswanathan]] has composed numerous songs in Kalyani such as "''Isai Ketal Puvi''" from the movie ''[[Thavapudhalavan]]'', "''Indha Mandrathil''" from ''[[Policekaran Magal]]'', "''Maalai Sudum mananaal''" from ''[[Nichaya Thamboolam]]'', "''Kannan Vandhan''" from ''[[Ramu]]'', "''Azhagennum Oviyam Inge''", "''Paar Magale Paar''", "''Varuvan Vadivelan''", "''Maduraiyil Parandha Meenkodi''", "''Mugathil Mugam paarkalam''". "''Amma Endrazhaikkaatha Uyirillaye''" by [[Ilayaraja]], "Manmadha Pournami" (P. Susheela) in Panchavankadu by G. Devarajan. The track ''Kalaivaniye'' in Sindhu Bhairavi is set in the Kalyani rāgam and sung without an avarohaṇam. The Bharathiar composition ''Veenai Adi Nee Enakku'' from the movie [[Ezhavathu Manithan]] is also set in the Kalyani ragam. The Telugu movie [[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]] has a [[Shloka]] ''"Māṇikya Upalālayanti"'' set in this ragam. "''Aa Nimishathinte''" from the Malayalam movie [[Chandrakantham]] and "''Swarganandini''" from [[Lankadahanam]] composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] also set in Kalayani.
*''Vanajakshiro'' is an [[Adi tala]] [[Varnam]] by [[Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar]]
*''Satura Kamini'' is a Pada[[varnam]] by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Nīvē Gathiyanī'' is a Tishra Matya [[Tala (music)|Tala]] [[Varnam]] by [[Syama Sastri]]
*''Vanajakshi Ninne Kori'' is an Ata [[Tala (music)|tala]] Tana[[varnam]] by Pallavi Gopala Iyer
*''Unnaiyanri Veraar'' is an [[Adi tala]] [[Varnam]] by Dr. [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]
*''Nanmugaye Nee'' is a [[Varnam]] by  Delhi V. Krishnamurthy
*''Sudati Ninne, an Ata [[Tala (music)|tala]] Tana[[varnam]]'' and a ''Jathiswaram'' by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Tanjore Quartet]]
*''Nidhi Chāla Sukhamā'', ''Ē Tāvunnarā'', ''Sundari Nī Divya'', ''Ammā Rāvammā'', ''Sandehamu Elara'', ''Bhajana Seyave'', ''Nammi Vacchina'', ''Rāmā Nīvādukonduvō'', ''Shivē Pāhimām'', ''Taramā Nī Mahima'', ''Endukō Nī Manasu'', ''Īsha Pāhimām'' and ''Vāsudēvayani'' by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Ganapathē Mahāmathē'', ''Kumbhēshvarāya Namastē'', ''Srī Mangalāmbikē'', ''Kāmākshīm Kalyānīm Bhajarē'', ''Abhayāmbā Jagadambā'', ''Śrī Madhurāmbikē'', ''Kamalāmbāṃ Bhajarē'', ''Bhajarē Re Chittha'', ''Shiva Kāmeshwarīm Chinthayēham'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Kantimati Karunamrta'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
*''Parāmugam Yēnammā'', ''Himādri Suthē Pāhimaṃ'', ''Birāna Varālichi'', ''Dēvī Nannu Brovavammā'', ''Srī Kāmākshī Kāvavē'' and ''Thalli Ninnu Nēra Nammi'' by [[Syama Sastri]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Ninnuvina Gathi Gana'' and ''Vina Anyayamu'' by [[Subbaraya Sastri]]
*''Adrisutavara'', ''Pankaja lōcana'', ''Pahimaṃ Śrī Vāgīśvari (Navarathri second day krithi)'', ''Paripahimamayi'', ''Sarasa Suvadana'' and ''Sevesyanandureswara'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Madhava Hridhi'', ''Geetha Rasike Sugunalaye'', ''Bala Sarasa'' and ''Sarasija Bhava Jaye'' by [[Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi]]
*''Nee Sari Sati'' by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Tanjore Quartet]]
*''Nannu Brovamani Cheppave'', ''Bhajare Sri Ramam'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
*''Kathaya Kathaya'' by [[Narayana Teertha]]
*''Adinadu Eppadiyo'' by [[Muthu Thandavar]]
*''Kallu Sakkare KoLLiro'' (3rd Navaratna Malike), ''Kelano Hari Talano'', ''Nambi Kettavarillavo Rangayya'', ''Anjikinyatakayya'', ''Dayamado Ranga'' and ''Saranambe Vani'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Kailasapathe Mam Pahi'' and ''Shrimadadi Thyagaraja'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]
*''Tiliyado Ninnata'' By Kalluru Subbannacharya(Vyasa Vitthala Dasa)
*''Unnai Allāl, Devī Srī Mīnalochanī, Vāyu Kumāran, Kanindharul Purindhāl, Sundarēshwaranē, Tēril Ērinān, Venkataramanā Pankaja, Annai Un Adiyinai and Chidambaram Ena Manam'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Needu Charana Pankaja'' by Pallavi Gopala Iyer
*''Sadānandamē'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]]
*''Mahātripurasundarī'' by [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]]
*''Birana Brova Ide'' by Tarangambadi Panchanada Iyer
*''Kinthu Cheyvu Njaninnaho (Padam)'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Gaddari Vagala/Iddari Sanduna (Padam)'', ''Vemarucherukuna/Na Manasu Vantidhe (Padam)'', ''Endhu Dachukondu (Padam)'' and ''Soyagamuna (Padam)'' by [[Kshetrayya]]
*''Thaiyale Unnai (Padam)'' and ''Edhai Kandu Nee (Padam)'' by Subbarama Iyer
*''Chittike Vesithe (Padam)'' by [[Sarangapani]]
*''Ellam Ariven (Padam)'' by [[Kavi Kunjara Bharati]]
*''Parengum Parthalum (Padam)'' by [[Ghanam Krishna Iyer]]
*''Virahani (Padam)'' by Sitarama Sharma
*''Entati Kuluke ([[Javali]])'' by [[Dharmapuri Subbarayar]]
*''Thaya Ragamalika [[Tillana]]'' by [[M. Balamuralikrishna|M Balamurali Krishna]] with Graha Bedam to [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Shankarabharanam]], [[Mohanam]], [[Hindolam]] and [[Darbari Kanada]]


=== Related ragams ===
== Film songs ==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of Kalyani.
The most popular film composition set in Kalyani is "Mannavan Vandhanadi Thozhi" by K. V. Mahadevan rendered by P. Susheela,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thamizhisai.com/tamil-cinema/tamil-cinema-001/tc0001_thiruvarut-selvar.php |title=Thamizhisai - The land of Songs Music and performing Arts |website=www.thamizhisai.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330085109/http://www.thamizhisai.com/tamil-cinema/tamil-cinema-001/tc0001_thiruvarut-selvar.php |archive-date=2010-03-30}}</ref>" and ''Sindhanai Sei Maname'' by G. Ramanadhan. [[M. S. Viswanathan]] has composed numerous songs in Kalyani such as "''Isai Ketal Puvi''" from the movie ''[[Thavapudhalavan]]'', "''Indha Mandrathil''" from ''[[Policekaran Magal]]'', "''Maalai Sudum mananaal''" from ''[[Nichaya Thamboolam]]'', "''Kannan Vandhan''" from ''[[Ramu (1966 film)|Ramu]]'', "''Azhagennum Oviyam Inge''", "''Paar Magale Paar''", "''Varuvan Vadivelan''", "''Maduraiyil Parandha Meenkodi''", "''Mugathil Mugam paarkalam''". "''Amma Endrazhaikkaatha Uyirillaye''" by [[Ilayaraja]], "Manmadha Pournami" (P. Susheela) in Panchavankadu by G. Devarajan. The track ''Kalaivaniye'' in Sindhu Bhairavi is set in the Kalyani rāgam and sung without an avarohaṇam. The Bharathiar composition ''Veenai Adi Nee Enakku'' from the movie [[Ezhavathu Manithan]] is set in the Kalyani ragam. The Telugu movie [[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]] has a [[Shloka]] ''"Māṇikya Upalālayanti"'' set in this ragam. "''Aa Nimishathinte''" from the Malayalam movie [[Chandrakantham]] and "''Swarganandini''" from [[Lankadahanam]] composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] is set in Kalyani.


Kalyani's notes when shifted using [[Graha bhedam]], yields 5 other major Melakarta ragams, namely, ''[[Hanumatodi]]'', ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Sankarabharanam]]'', ''[[Natabhairavi]]'', ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'' and ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. For further details and an illustration of Graha bhedam of this ragam refer [[Dheerasankarabharanam#Related rāgams|Related ragams section in Sankarabharanam]] page.
== Film songs ==
{{Copy edit|section|for=individual song titles. These should not be in italics but should be enclosed in quotes per [[WP:MOSMUSIC]]|date=May 2021}}
=== Tamil ===
=== Tamil ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Singer
! Singer
|-
|-
| Sindhanai Sei Maname
| "Sindhanai Sei Maname"
| [[Ambikapathy (1957 film)|Ambikapathy]]
| ''[[Ambikapathy (1957 film)|Ambikapathy]]''
| [[G. Ramanathan]]
| [[G. Ramanathan]]
| rowspan="2" | [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| rowspan="2" | [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|-
| Ennarumai Kadhalikku Vennilaave
| "Ennarumai Kadhalikku Vennilaave"
| [[Ellarum Innattu Mannar]]
| ''[[Ellarum Innattu Mannar]]''
| [[T. G. Lingappa]]
| [[T. G. Lingappa]]
|-
|-
| Vennila Vaanil Varum
| "Thenunnum Vandu Maamalarai Kandu"
| [[Mannippu]]
| ''[[Amara Deepam (1956 film)|Amara Deepam]]''
| [[T. Chalapathi Rao]]
| [[A. M. Rajah]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Vennila Vaanil Varum"
| ''[[Mannippu]]''
| [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
| [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
| Mannavan Vandhaanadi
| "Mannavan Vandhaanadi"
| [[Thiruvarutchelvar]]
| ''[[Thiruvarutchelvar]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| rowspan="3" | [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
| Naan Anuppuvadhu
| "Va Va Va Enakkakava"
| [[Pesum Dheivam]]
| ''[[Selvam (1966 film)|Selvam]]''
| Dharapurum Sundarrajan,[[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
| "Naan Anuppuvadhu"
| ''[[Pesum Dheivam]]''
| rowspan="3" | [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| rowspan="3" | [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|-
| Kan Pona Pokile
| "Kan Pona Pokile"
| [[Panam Padaithavan]]
| ''[[Panam Padaithavan]]''
| rowspan="9"|[[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]]
| rowspan="10"|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
|-
| Naan Enna Soliviten
| "Naan Enna Soliviten"
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Bale Pandiya (1962 film)|Bale Pandiya]]''
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Bale Pandiya (1962 film)|Bale Pandiya]]''
|-
|-
| Athikkai Kai Kai
| "Athikkai Kai Kai"
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]], [[Jamuna Rani]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]], [[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
|-
| Indha Mandrathil Odi Varum
| "Indha Mandrathil Odi Varum"
| [[Policekaran Magal]]
| ''[[Policekaran Magal]]''
| [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
| [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Kalaimangai Uruvam Kandu
| "Kalaimangai Uruvam Kandu"
| [[Maganey Kel]]
| ''[[Maganey Kel]]''
| [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
| [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
|-
|-
| Mugathil Mugam Paarkalam
| "Mugathil Mugam Paarkalam"
| [[Thanga Padhumai]]
| ''[[Thanga Padhumai]]''
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Leela]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Leela]]
|-
|-
| Vetkamaai Irukudhadi
| "Vetkamaai Irukudhadi"
| rowspan="2" | [[Paar Magaley Paar]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Paar Magaley Paar]]''
| [[P. Leela]], [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
| [[P. Leela]], [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
|-
| Paar Magale Paar
| "Paar Magale Paar"
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|-
| Maalai Soodum Mananaal
| "Maalai Soodum Mananaal"
| [[Nichaya Thaamboolam]]
| ''[[Nichaya Thaamboolam]]''
| [[P. Susheela]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
| Isaikettal puvi
|"Thulli Thirintha"
| [[Thavapudhalavan]]
|''[[Kathiruntha Kangal]]''
| rowspan="7" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|rowspan=2|[[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| "Mouname Paarvayaal"
| ''[[Kodimalar]]''
| rowspan="9" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
| "Isaikettal Puvi"
| ''[[Thavapudhalavan]]''
| rowspan="3" | [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| rowspan="3" | [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|-
| Madhurayil Parantha
| "Madhurayil Parantha"
| [[Poova Thalaiya]]
| ''[[Poova Thalaiya (1969 film)|Poova Thalaiya]]''
|-
|-
| Kettadhum Koduppavane Krishna
| "Kettadhum Koduppavane Krishna"
| [[Deiva Magan]]
| ''[[Deiva Magan]]''
|-
|-
| Chithirai Maadham
| "Chithirai Maadham"
| [[Raman Ethanai Ramanadi]]
| ''[[Raman Ethanai Ramanadi]]''
| [[P. Susheela]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
| Kannan Vandhan
| "Kannan Vandhan"
| [[Ramu (1966 film)|Ramu]]
| ''[[Ramu (1966 film)|Ramu]]''
| [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|-
| Azhagenum Ooviyam
| "Azhagenum Ooviyam"
| [[Oorukku Uzhaippavan]]
| ''[[Oorukku Uzhaippavan]]''
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|-
| Varuvaan Vadivelan
| "Varuvaan Vadivelan"
| [[Varuvan Vadivelan]]
| ''[[Varuvan Vadivelan]]''
| [[Vani Jairam]]
| rowspan=2|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| "Mannulagil Indru Devan"
| ''Punitha Anthoniyar''
|-
| "Iravu Mudinthuvidum"
| ''[[Anbu Karangal]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[R. Sudarsanam]]
| [[P. B. Sreenivas]],[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|"Kaaviri Penne Vaazhga"
|''[[Poompuhar (film)|Poompuhar]]''
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]],[[P.Susheela]]
|-
| "Pasamalare"
| ''[[Neethibathi]]''
| rowspan=2|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|-
| "Tholil Vizhum Maalaye"
| ''[[Ullathil Nalla Ullam]]''
| rowspan="4" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Then Sindhuthey
| "Then Sindhuthey"
| [[Ponnukku Thanga Manasu]]
| ''[[Ponnukku Thanga Manasu]]''
| [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| [[G. K. Venkatesh]]
| rowspan="2" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Sundari Kannal Oru Seithi
| "Va Kathirukka Neramillai"
| rowspan="2" | [[Thalapathy]]
|''[[Kathirukka Neramillai]]''
| rowspan="24" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="30" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|-
| Yamunai Aatrile
| "Sundari Kannal Oru Seithi"
| [[Mitali Banerjee Bhawmik]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Thalapathy]]''
|-
|-
| Vellai Pura Onru
| "Yamunai Aatrile"
| [[Puthukavithai]]
| ''[[Mitali Banerjee Bhawmik]]''
|-
| "Vellai Pura Onru"
| ''[[Puthukavithai]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
| rowspan="2" | [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Kannale Kadhal Kavithai
| "Kannale Kadhal Kavithai"
| [[Athma (film)|Athma]]
| ''[[Athma (film)|Athma]]''
|-
|-
| Vaidhegi Raman
| "Gangai Aatril Nindrukondu"
| [[Pagal Nilavu]]
| ''[[Aayiram Nilave Vaa]]''
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| "Vaidhegi Raman"
| ''[[Pagal Nilavu]]''
| [[S. Janaki]]
| [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Janani Janani
| "Janani Janani"
| [[Thaai Mookaambikai]]
| ''[[Thaai Mookaambikai]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|-
| Maname Avan Vazhum
| "Maname Avan Vazhum"
| [[Pagalil Pournami]]
| ''[[Pagalil Pournami]]''
|-
|-
| Nathiyil Aadum
| "Alai Meethu Thadumaruthe"
| [[Kaadhal Oviyam]]
| ''[[Anbulla Malare]]''
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| "Oru Devathai Vandhadhu"
| ''[[Naan Sonnathey Sattam]]''
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Nathiyil Aadum"
| ''[[Kaadhal Oviyam]]''
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]]
|-
|-
| Devan Thantha Veenai
| "Devan Thantha Veenai"
| [[Unnai Naan Santhithen]]
| ''[[Unnai Naan Santhithen]]''
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] (Solo Ver), ([[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]) (Duet Ver)
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] (Solo Ver), ([[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]) (Duet Ver)
|-
|-
| Oru Vanavil pole
| "Oru Vanavil pole"
| [[Kaatrinile Varum Geetham]]
| ''[[Kaatrinile Varum Geetham]]''
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Devan Kovil Deepam ondru
| "Manjal Veyil"
| [[Naan Paadum Paadal]]
| ''[[Nandu (film)|Nandu]]''
| [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
| "Devan Kovil Deepam Ondru"
| ''[[Naan Paadum Paadal]]''
| [[S. N. Surendar]], [[S. Janaki]]
| [[S. N. Surendar]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Aararo Aararo
| "Aararo Aararo"
| [[Anand (1987 film)|Anand]]
| ''[[Anand (1987 film)|Anand]]''
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| rowspan=2|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Engirundho Azhaikkum"
| ''[[En Jeevan Paduthu]]''
|-
|-
| Malaiyoram Mayile
| "Malaiyoram Mayile"
| [[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]
| ''[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]''
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|-
| Siru Koottile Ulla
| "Siru Koottile Ulla"
| [[Paandi Nattu Thangam]]
| ''[[Paandi Nattu Thangam]]''
| [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
| [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|-
| Naan Embathu Nee Allava
| "Naan Embathu Nee Allava"
| [[Soora Samhaaram]]
| ''[[Soora Samhaaram]]''
| rowspan="2" | Arunmozhi, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Arunmozhi]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|-
| Odai Kuyil Oru
| "Odai Kuyil Oru"
| [[Thalattu Padava]]
| ''[[Thalattu Padava]]''
|-
|-
| Amma Endruzhakatha
| "Amma Endruzhakatha"
| [[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]
| ''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| rowspan="2" | [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|-
| Kalaivaniye
| "Kalaivaniye"
| [[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]
| ''[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]''
|-
|-
| Oru Maalai Chandiran
| "Oru Maalai Chandiran"
| [[Unnai Vaazhthi Paadugiren]]
| ''[[Unnai Vaazhthi Paadugiren]]''
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Minmini]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Minmini]]
|-
|-
| Kaatril Varum Geethame
| "Kaatril Varum Geethame"
| [[Oru Naal Oru Kanavu]]
| ''[[Oru Naal Oru Kanavu]]''
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Bhavatharini]]
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Bhavatharini]]
|-
|-
| Nirpathuve Nadapathuve
| "Nirpathuve Nadapathuve"
| [[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]
| ''[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]''
| [[Harish Raghavendra]]
| [[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
|-
| Yaar Veetil Roja
| "Yaar Veetil Roja"
| [[Idaya Kovil]]
| ''[[Idaya Kovil]]''
| rowspan="4" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| rowspan="4" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|-
| Vanthal Mahalakshmi
| "Vanthal Mahalakshmi"
| [[Uyarndha Ullam]]
| ''[[Uyarndha Ullam]]''
|-
|-
| Vizhigal Meeno
| "Vizhigal Meeno"
| [[Raagangal Maaruvathillai]]
| ''[[Raagangal Maaruvathillai]]''
|-
|-
| Aazh Kadalil
| "Aazh Kadalil"
| Raagam Thedum Pallavi
| ''Raagam Thedum Pallavi''
| [[T. Rajendar]]
| [[T. Rajendar]]
|-
|-
| Pasamalare
| "Vaigai nathiyil oru Paravai"
| [[Neethibathi]]
| ''[[Natchathiram]]''
| [[Gangai Amaran]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P.Susheela]]
|-
| Vaigai nathiyil oru Paravai
| [[Natchathiram]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| [[S. Janaki]]
| [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
| Yaradhu Sollamal Nenjalli
| "Yaradhu Sollamal Nenjalli"
| Nenjamellam Neeye
| ''Nenjamellam Neeye''
| [[Vani Jairam]]
| [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|-
| Putham Puthu Olai
| "Om Ganapathiye Ganapathiye"
| [[Vedham Pudhithu]]
| ''[[Marumagal (1986 film)|Marumagal]]''
| [[Devendran]]
| [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| Om Ganapathiye Ganapathiye
| [[Marumagal (1986 film)|Marumagal]]
| [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
| [[Vani Jairam]] & Chorus
| [[Vani Jairam]] & Chorus
|-
|-
| Varaga Nadhikaraiyoram
| "Putham Puthu Olai"
| [[Sangamam]]
| ''[[Vedham Pudhithu]]''
| [[Devendran]]
|rowspan=2| [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| "Azhagu Nilave"
| ''[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]''
| rowspan="9" | [[A. R. Rahman]]
| rowspan="9" | [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
| "Varaga Nadhikaraiyoram"
| ''[[Sangamam (1999 film)|Sangamam]]''
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|-
| Azhagu Nilave
| "Enthan Vaanil"
| [[Pavithra]]
| ''[[Kadhal Virus]]''
| [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
| Enthan Vaanil
| [[Kadhal Virus]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]] (Humming only)
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]] (Humming only)
|-
|-
| Kadhal Niagara
| "Kadhal Niagara"
| [[En Swasa Kaatre]]
| ''[[En Swasa Kaatre]]''
| Palakkad Sreeram, [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Annupamaa]]
| Palakkad Sreeram, [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Annupamaa]]
|-
|-
| Neethan En Desiya Geetham
| "Neethan En Desiya Geetham"
| [[Paarthale Paravasam]]
| ''[[Paarthale Paravasam]]''
| P. Balram, [[K. S. Chitra]]
| P. Balram, [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|-
| Sakthi Kodu
| "Sakthi Kodu"
| [[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]
| ''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]''
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
|-
| Methuvagathan
| "Methuvagathan"
| [[Kochadaiiyaan]]
| ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]''
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|-
| Ey Maanburu Mangaiye
| "Ey Maanburu Mangaiye"
| [[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]
| ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]''
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[A. R. Rahman]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|-
| Yaarumilla Thaniarangil
| "Yaarumilla Thaniarangil"
| [[Kaaviya Thalaivan (soundtrack)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]
| ''[[Kaaviya Thalaivan (soundtrack)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]''
| [[Swetha Mohan]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| [[Swetha Mohan]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
|-
| Kathal Ennum Keerthanam
| "Kathal Ennum Keerthanam"
| En Aasai Rasathi
| ''En Aasai Rasathi''
| Dr. Chandilyan
| Dr. Chandilyan
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|-
| Mudhan Mudhalil
| "Aayiram Piravigal"
| ''Aathi Thalam''
| Hendri Patrick
| [[K. J. Yesudas]](Male Vers),[[K. S. Chitra]](Female Vers)
|-
| "Mudhan Mudhalil"
| ''[[Aahaa..! (1997 film)|Aahaa..!]]''
| ''[[Aahaa..! (1997 film)|Aahaa..!]]''
| rowspan="3" | [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|-
| Gokulathu kanna
| "Yen Nenjamoh"
| [[Gokulathil Seethai (film)|Gokulathil Seethai]]
| ''Santharpam''
| [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
| "Gokulathu kanna"
| ''[[Gokulathil Seethai (film)|Gokulathil Seethai]]''
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|-
| Enthan Uyire Enthan Uyire
| "Enthan Uyire Enthan Uyire"
| [[Unnaruge Naan Irundhal]]
| ''[[Unnaruge Naan Irundhal]]''
| Krishnaraj, [[K. S. Chitra]]
| Krishnaraj, [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|-
| Katrin Mozhi
| "Katrin Mozhi"
| [[Mozhi (film)|Mozhi]]
| ''[[Mozhi (film)|Mozhi]]''
| rowspan="4" | [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| Balram, [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| Balram, [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|-
| Pudhu Malar Thottu
| "Pudhu Malar Thottu"
| [[Poovellam Un Vasam]]
| ''[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]''
| [[Sriram Parthasarathy]]
| [[Sriram Parthasarathy]]
|-
|-
| Naan Mozhi Arindhen
| "Naan Mozhi Arindhen"
| [[Kanden Kadhalai]]
| ''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]''
| [[Suresh Wadkar]]
| [[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
|-
| Oru Theithi Paarthal
| "Oru Theithi Paarthal"
| [[Coimbatore Mappillai]]
| ''[[Coimbatore Mappillai]]''
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|-
| Yen Pennendru
| "Yen Pennendru"
| [[Love Today (1997 film)|Love Today]]
| ''[[Love Today (1997 film)|Love Today]]''
| Shiva
| Shiva
| [[Mohammed Aslam]], [[Bombay Jayashri]]
| [[Mohammed Aslam]], [[Bombay Jayashri]]
|-
|-
| Kaadhal Aasai
| "Kaadhal Aasai"
| [[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]
| ''[[Anjaan (2014 film)|Anjaan]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Sooraj Santhosh]]
| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], [[Sooraj Santhosh]]
|-
|-
| Never let me go
| "Pogadhey Pogadhey"
| [[Pyaar Prema Kaadhal]]
| ''[[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepavali]]''
| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|-
| "Never let me go"
| ''[[Pyaar Prema Kaadhal]]''
| Suranjan, [[Shweta Pandit]]
| Suranjan, [[Shweta Pandit]]
|-
|-
| Vizhigalin Aruginil
| "Vizhigalin Aruginil"
| [[Azhagiya Theeye]]
| ''[[Azhagiya Theeye]]''
| colspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | [[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
| colspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | [[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
|-
|-
| Kannanai Thedi
| "Kannanai Thedi"
| [[Marupadiyum Oru Kadhal]]
| ''[[Marupadiyum Oru Kadhal]]''
| [[Srikanth Deva]]
| [[Srikanth Deva]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|-
| Mun Andhi
| "Ennena Seidhom Ingu"
| [[7aum Arivu]]
| ''[[Mayakkam Enna]]''
| [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]
|-
| Mellinamae Mellinamae
| [[Shahjahan (film)|Shahjahan]]
| [[Mani Sharma]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
| Ennena Seidhom Ingu
| [[Mayakkam Enna]]
| [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|[[Harish Raghavendra]]
|-
|-
| Yen Aala Paakkaporaen
| "Yen Aala Paakkaporaen"
| [[Kayal (film)|Kayal]]
| ''[[Kayal (film)|Kayal]]''
| [[D. Imman]]
| [[D. Imman]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]],[[Ranjith (singer)|K.G. Ranjith]]
|-
|-
| Sara Sara Saara Kaathu
| "Chillendra Chillendra"
| [[Vaagai Sooda Vaa]]
| ''[[Thirumanam Enum Nikkah]]''
| [[Ghibran]]
| [[Ghibran]]
| [[Chinmayi]]
|Ghibran,[[Sundar Narayana Rao]],[[Kaushiki Chakrabarty]],Munna Shaoukat Ali
|-
| "Natchathiram Nagargirathu"
| ''[[Natchathiram Nagargiradhu]]''
| [[Tenma]]
| [[Arivu]], [[Sharanya Srinivas]]
|}
|}


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! Movie
! Movie
! Composer
! Composer
! Lyricist
! Singer
! Singer
|-
|-
| Mazhavil Kothumbil
| "Mazhavil Kothumbil"
| [[Adhwaytham]]
| ''[[Adhwaytham]]''
| [[M G Radhakrishnan]]
| [[M G Radhakrishnan]]
| [[Kaithapuram]]
| [[M G Sreekumar]]
| [[M G Sreekumar]]
|-
|-
| Achyutham Keshavam
| "Mounam Swaramay"
| Sri Shankara Stotra Rathnas
| ''[[Ayushkaalam]]''
| Mahesh Mahadev
| [[Ousepachan]]
| [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
| [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
| [[KJ Yesudas, KS Chithra]]
|-
| "Poonkatinodum"
| ''[[Poomukhappadiyil Ninneyum Kaathu]]''
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| [[Bichu Thirumala]]
| [[K.J. Yesudas , S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Polthinkal Kala"
| ''[[Kumarasambhavam]]''
| [[Devarajan]]
| [[O.N.V. Kurup]]
| [[K.J. Yesudas]]
|}
|}


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== References ==
== References ==
 
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}


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{{Janya|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}


[[Category:Melakarta Ragas]]
[[Category:Melakarta ragas]]

Latest revision as of 18:58, 16 March 2026


Kalyani
Kalayana Ragamala painting
ArohanamS R₂ G₃ M₂ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₃ R₂ S
EquivalentLydian mode

Kalyani is a melakarta ragam (parent musical scale) in the Carnatic music. It is the prati madhyama equivalent of the raga Sankarabharanam. It was called Kalyan but is now more popularly called Yaman in Hindustani Music. Its Western equivalent is the Lydian mode.

Kalyani in Carnatic music[edit | edit source]

In South Indian weddings it is a very prominently played ragam. The word Kalyani means she who causes auspicious things. It is the 65th melakarta ragam under the Katapayadi sankhya. It is also called Mechakalyani. The notes for Kalyani are S R2 G3 M2 P D2 N3. Kalyani is the first Prathi Madhyama raga that was ever discovered. It was obtained by the process of Graha Bhedam or modal shift of tonic of the ancient Shadja Grama.[1]

Specifics on this raga[edit | edit source]

Kalyani has scope for elaborate alapana. One should not remain too long on panchamam (pa) or alternate between shadjamam and panchamam too frequently. Kalyani is prominently known among the public. It is often performed at the beginning of concerts because it is considered auspicious.[1]

Structure and lakshana[edit | edit source]

Kalyani scale with Shadjam at C

It is the 5th ragam in the 11th chakra Rudra. The mnemonic name is Rudra-Ma. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gu mi pa dhi (or 'di') nu.[2] Its arohana-avarohana structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chatushūruti rishabam, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam,panchamam, chatushruti dhaivatam, kakali nishadam. It is a Sampurna raga in Carnatic music, that is to say, has all the seven notes: Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni. It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Sankarabharanam, which is the 29th melakarta. This raga is very significant to the chart, because it is sung with all higher notes.

Janya ragams[edit | edit source]

Kalyani has many janya ragams (derived scales)associated with it, of which Hamir Kalyani, Mohanakalyani, Amritha Kalyani, Saranga, Nada Kalyani, Sunadavinodini and Yamunakalyani are very popular. See List of Janya Ragams for full list of rāgams associated with Kalyani.

Related ragams[edit | edit source]

This section covers the theoretical aspects of Kalyani.

Kalyani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 5 other major Melakarta ragams, namely, Hanumatodi, Sankarabharanam, Natabhairavi, Kharaharapriya and Harikambhoji. For further details and an illustration of Graha bhedam of this ragam refer Related ragams section in Sankarabharanam page.

Popular compositions[edit | edit source]

Nearly every significant Carnatic composer (including the Trinity of Carnatic music) has composed several pieces in the Kalyani ragam. Kalyani is considered one of the "major" ragams of Carnatic music along with Sankarabharanam, Todi and Kharaharapriya (the set of "major" rāgams is an informal grouping of the most popular Melakarta ragams used for elaboration and exploration, and which often form the centerpiece of a Carnatic music concert in the form of a Ragam Tanam Pallavi (RTP) or a Kriti). See Related ragams section for further information on relationships between these ragams. The state anthem of Mysore, Kayou Shri Gowri is also set in this raga. Here is a short list of compositions in Kalyani:

  • Vanajakshiro is an Adi tala Varnam by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
  • Satura Kamini is a Padavarnam by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal
  • Nīvē Gathiyanī is a Tishra Matya Tala Varnam by Syama Sastri
  • Vanajakshi Ninne Kori is an Ata tala Tanavarnam by Pallavi Gopala Iyer
  • Unnaiyanri Veraar is an Adi tala Varnam by Dr. Lalgudi Jayaraman
  • Nanmugaye Nee is a Varnam by Delhi V. Krishnamurthy
  • Sudati Ninne, an Ata tala Tanavarnam and a Jathiswaram by Ponniah Pillai of the Tanjore Quartet
  • Nidhi Chāla Sukhamā, Ē Tāvunnarā, Sundari Nī Divya, Ammā Rāvammā, Sandehamu Elara, Bhajana Seyave, Nammi Vacchina, Rāmā Nīvādukonduvō, Shivē Pāhimām, Taramā Nī Mahima, Endukō Nī Manasu, Īsha Pāhimām and Vāsudēvayani by Tyagaraja
  • Ganapathē Mahāmathē, Kumbhēshvarāya Namastē, Srī Mangalāmbikē, Kāmākshīm Kalyānīm Bhajarē, Abhayāmbā Jagadambā, Śrī Madhurāmbikē, Kamalāmbāṃ Bhajarē, Bhajarē Re Chittha, Shiva Kāmeshwarīm Chinthayēham by Muthuswami Dikshitar
  • Kantimati Karunamrta by Subbarama Dikshitar
  • Parāmugam Yēnammā, Himādri Suthē Pāhimaṃ, Birāna Varālichi, Dēvī Nannu Brovavammā, Srī Kāmākshī Kāvavē and Thalli Ninnu Nēra Nammi by Syama Sastri in Telugu
  • Ninnuvina Gathi Gana and Vina Anyayamu by Subbaraya Sastri
  • Adrisutavara, Pankaja lōcana, Pahimaṃ Śrī Vāgīśvari (Navarathri second day krithi), Paripahimamayi, Sarasa Suvadana and Sevesyanandureswara by Swathi Thirunal
  • Madhava Hridhi, Geetha Rasike Sugunalaye, Bala Sarasa and Sarasija Bhava Jaye by Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
  • Nee Sari Sati by Ponniah Pillai of the Tanjore Quartet
  • Nannu Brovamani Cheppave, Bhajare Sri Ramam by Bhadrachala Ramadasu
  • Kathaya Kathaya by Narayana Teertha
  • Adinadu Eppadiyo by Muthu Thandavar
  • Kallu Sakkare KoLLiro (3rd Navaratna Malike), Kelano Hari Talano, Nambi Kettavarillavo Rangayya, Anjikinyatakayya, Dayamado Ranga and Saranambe Vani by Purandara Dasa
  • Kailasapathe Mam Pahi and Shrimadadi Thyagaraja by Mysore Vasudevachar
  • Tiliyado Ninnata By Kalluru Subbannacharya(Vyasa Vitthala Dasa)
  • Unnai Allāl, Devī Srī Mīnalochanī, Vāyu Kumāran, Kanindharul Purindhāl, Sundarēshwaranē, Tēril Ērinān, Venkataramanā Pankaja, Annai Un Adiyinai and Chidambaram Ena Manam by Papanasam Sivan
  • Needu Charana Pankaja by Pallavi Gopala Iyer
  • Sadānandamē by Koteeswara Iyer
  • Mahātripurasundarī by Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
  • Birana Brova Ide by Tarangambadi Panchanada Iyer
  • Kinthu Cheyvu Njaninnaho (Padam) by Swathi Thirunal
  • Gaddari Vagala/Iddari Sanduna (Padam), Vemarucherukuna/Na Manasu Vantidhe (Padam), Endhu Dachukondu (Padam) and Soyagamuna (Padam) by Kshetrayya
  • Thaiyale Unnai (Padam) and Edhai Kandu Nee (Padam) by Subbarama Iyer
  • Chittike Vesithe (Padam) by Sarangapani
  • Ellam Ariven (Padam) by Kavi Kunjara Bharati
  • Parengum Parthalum (Padam) by Ghanam Krishna Iyer
  • Virahani (Padam) by Sitarama Sharma
  • Entati Kuluke (Javali) by Dharmapuri Subbarayar
  • Thaya Ragamalika Tillana by M Balamurali Krishna with Graha Bedam to Shankarabharanam, Mohanam, Hindolam and Darbari Kanada

Film songs[edit | edit source]

The most popular film composition set in Kalyani is "Mannavan Vandhanadi Thozhi" by K. V. Mahadevan rendered by P. Susheela,[3]" and Sindhanai Sei Maname by G. Ramanadhan. M. S. Viswanathan has composed numerous songs in Kalyani such as "Isai Ketal Puvi" from the movie Thavapudhalavan, "Indha Mandrathil" from Policekaran Magal, "Maalai Sudum mananaal" from Nichaya Thamboolam, "Kannan Vandhan" from Ramu, "Azhagennum Oviyam Inge", "Paar Magale Paar", "Varuvan Vadivelan", "Maduraiyil Parandha Meenkodi", "Mugathil Mugam paarkalam". "Amma Endrazhaikkaatha Uyirillaye" by Ilayaraja, "Manmadha Pournami" (P. Susheela) in Panchavankadu by G. Devarajan. The track Kalaivaniye in Sindhu Bhairavi is set in the Kalyani rāgam and sung without an avarohaṇam. The Bharathiar composition Veenai Adi Nee Enakku from the movie Ezhavathu Manithan is set in the Kalyani ragam. The Telugu movie Sankarabharanam has a Shloka "Māṇikya Upalālayanti" set in this ragam. "Aa Nimishathinte" from the Malayalam movie Chandrakantham and "Swarganandini" from Lankadahanam composed by M. S. Viswanathan is set in Kalyani.

Tamil[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Singer
"Sindhanai Sei Maname" Ambikapathy G. Ramanathan T. M. Soundararajan
"Ennarumai Kadhalikku Vennilaave" Ellarum Innattu Mannar T. G. Lingappa
"Thenunnum Vandu Maamalarai Kandu" Amara Deepam T. Chalapathi Rao A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
"Vennila Vaanil Varum" Mannippu S. M. Subbaiah Naidu T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
"Mannavan Vandhaanadi" Thiruvarutchelvar K. V. Mahadevan P. Susheela
"Va Va Va Enakkakava" Selvam Dharapurum Sundarrajan,K. Jamuna Rani
"Naan Anuppuvadhu" Pesum Dheivam T. M. Soundararajan
"Kan Pona Pokile" Panam Padaithavan Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy
"Naan Enna Soliviten" Bale Pandiya
"Athikkai Kai Kai" T. M. Soundararajan, P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela, K. Jamuna Rani
"Indha Mandrathil Odi Varum" Policekaran Magal P. B. Sreenivas, S. Janaki
"Kalaimangai Uruvam Kandu" Maganey Kel Sirkazhi Govindarajan, M. L. Vasanthakumari
"Mugathil Mugam Paarkalam" Thanga Padhumai T. M. Soundararajan, P. Leela
"Vetkamaai Irukudhadi" Paar Magaley Paar P. Leela, Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi
"Paar Magale Paar" T. M. Soundararajan, M. S. Viswanathan
"Maalai Soodum Mananaal" Nichaya Thaamboolam P. Susheela
"Thulli Thirintha" Kathiruntha Kangal P. B. Sreenivas
"Mouname Paarvayaal" Kodimalar M. S. Viswanathan
"Isaikettal Puvi" Thavapudhalavan T. M. Soundararajan
"Madhurayil Parantha" Poova Thalaiya
"Kettadhum Koduppavane Krishna" Deiva Magan
"Chithirai Maadham" Raman Ethanai Ramanadi P. Susheela
"Kannan Vandhan" Ramu Seerkazhi Govindarajan, T. M. Soundararajan
"Azhagenum Ooviyam" Oorukku Uzhaippavan K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela
"Varuvaan Vadivelan" Varuvan Vadivelan Vani Jairam
"Mannulagil Indru Devan" Punitha Anthoniyar
"Iravu Mudinthuvidum" Anbu Karangal R. Sudarsanam P. B. Sreenivas,P. Susheela
"Kaaviri Penne Vaazhga" Poompuhar T. M. Soundararajan,P.Susheela
"Pasamalare" Neethibathi Gangai Amaran
"Tholil Vizhum Maalaye" Ullathil Nalla Ullam S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
"Then Sindhuthey" Ponnukku Thanga Manasu G. K. Venkatesh
"Va Kathirukka Neramillai" Kathirukka Neramillai Ilaiyaraaja
"Sundari Kannal Oru Seithi" Thalapathy
"Yamunai Aatrile" Mitali Banerjee Bhawmik
"Vellai Pura Onru" Puthukavithai K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
"Kannale Kadhal Kavithai" Athma
"Gangai Aatril Nindrukondu" Aayiram Nilave Vaa P. Susheela
"Vaidhegi Raman" Pagal Nilavu S. Janaki
"Janani Janani" Thaai Mookaambikai Ilaiyaraaja
"Maname Avan Vazhum" Pagalil Pournami
"Alai Meethu Thadumaruthe" Anbulla Malare S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam
"Oru Devathai Vandhadhu" Naan Sonnathey Sattam S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Asha Bhosle
"Nathiyil Aadum" Kaadhal Oviyam S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki, Deepan Chakravarthy
"Devan Thantha Veenai" Unnai Naan Santhithen S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (Solo Ver), (P. Jayachandran, S. Janaki) (Duet Ver)
"Oru Vanavil pole" Kaatrinile Varum Geetham P. Jayachandran, S. Janaki
"Manjal Veyil" Nandu Uma Ramanan
"Devan Kovil Deepam Ondru" Naan Paadum Paadal S. N. Surendar, S. Janaki
"Aararo Aararo" Anand Lata Mangeshkar
"Engirundho Azhaikkum" En Jeevan Paduthu
"Malaiyoram Mayile" Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam Malaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chitra
"Siru Koottile Ulla" Paandi Nattu Thangam K. S. Chitra, Mano
"Naan Embathu Nee Allava" Soora Samhaaram Arunmozhi, K. S. Chithra
"Odai Kuyil Oru" Thalattu Padava
"Amma Endruzhakatha" Mannan K. J. Yesudas
"Kalaivaniye" Sindhu Bhairavi
"Oru Maalai Chandiran" Unnai Vaazhthi Paadugiren S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Minmini
"Kaatril Varum Geethame" Oru Naal Oru Kanavu Ilaiyaraaja, Hariharan, Shreya Ghoshal, Sadhana Sargam, Bhavatharini
"Nirpathuve Nadapathuve" Bharathi Harish Raghavendra
"Yaar Veetil Roja" Idaya Kovil S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
"Vanthal Mahalakshmi" Uyarndha Ullam
"Vizhigal Meeno" Raagangal Maaruvathillai
"Aazh Kadalil" Raagam Thedum Pallavi T. Rajendar
"Vaigai nathiyil oru Paravai" Natchathiram Shankar–Ganesh S. Janaki
"Yaradhu Sollamal Nenjalli" Nenjamellam Neeye Vani Jairam
"Om Ganapathiye Ganapathiye" Marumagal Chandrabose Vani Jairam & Chorus
"Putham Puthu Olai" Vedham Pudhithu Devendran K. S. Chithra
"Azhagu Nilave" Pavithra A. R. Rahman
"Varaga Nadhikaraiyoram" Sangamam Shankar Mahadevan
"Enthan Vaanil" Kadhal Virus S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha (Humming only)
"Kadhal Niagara" En Swasa Kaatre Palakkad Sreeram, Harini, Annupamaa
"Neethan En Desiya Geetham" Paarthale Paravasam P. Balram, K. S. Chitra
"Sakthi Kodu" Baba Karthik
"Methuvagathan" Kochadaiiyaan S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sadhana Sargam
"Ey Maanburu Mangaiye" Guru Srinivas, Sujatha Mohan, A. R. Rahman
"Yaarumilla Thaniarangil" Kaaviya Thalaivan Swetha Mohan, Srinivas
"Kathal Ennum Keerthanam" En Aasai Rasathi Dr. Chandilyan S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chitra
"Aayiram Piravigal" Aathi Thalam Hendri Patrick K. J. Yesudas(Male Vers),K. S. Chitra(Female Vers)
"Mudhan Mudhalil" Aahaa..! Deva Hariharan, K. S. Chitra
"Yen Nenjamoh" Santharpam Uma Ramanan
"Gokulathu kanna" Gokulathil Seethai S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chitra, Deva
"Enthan Uyire Enthan Uyire" Unnaruge Naan Irundhal Krishnaraj, K. S. Chitra
"Katrin Mozhi" Mozhi Vidyasagar Balram, Sujatha Mohan
"Pudhu Malar Thottu" Poovellam Un Vasam Sriram Parthasarathy
"Naan Mozhi Arindhen" Kanden Kadhalai Suresh Wadkar
"Oru Theithi Paarthal" Coimbatore Mappillai Hariharan, Sadhana Sargam
"Yen Pennendru" Love Today Shiva Mohammed Aslam, Bombay Jayashri
"Kaadhal Aasai" Anjaan Yuvan Shankar Raja Yuvan Shankar Raja, Sooraj Santhosh
"Pogadhey Pogadhey" Deepavali Yuvan Shankar Raja
"Never let me go" Pyaar Prema Kaadhal Suranjan, Shweta Pandit
"Vizhigalin Aruginil" Azhagiya Theeye Ramesh Vinayakam
"Kannanai Thedi" Marupadiyum Oru Kadhal Srikanth Deva Shreya Ghoshal
"Ennena Seidhom Ingu" Mayakkam Enna G. V. Prakash Kumar Harish Raghavendra
"Yen Aala Paakkaporaen" Kayal D. Imman Shreya Ghoshal,K.G. Ranjith
"Chillendra Chillendra" Thirumanam Enum Nikkah Ghibran Ghibran,Sundar Narayana Rao,Kaushiki Chakrabarty,Munna Shaoukat Ali
"Natchathiram Nagargirathu" Natchathiram Nagargiradhu Tenma Arivu, Sharanya Srinivas

Malayalam[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Lyricist Singer
"Mazhavil Kothumbil" Adhwaytham M G Radhakrishnan Kaithapuram M G Sreekumar
"Mounam Swaramay" Ayushkaalam Ousepachan Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri KJ Yesudas, KS Chithra
"Poonkatinodum" Poomukhappadiyil Ninneyum Kaathu Ilaiyaraaja Bichu Thirumala K.J. Yesudas , S. Janaki
"Polthinkal Kala" Kumarasambhavam Devarajan O.N.V. Kurup K.J. Yesudas

Historical information[edit | edit source]

Yaman/Aiman is not an ancient raga. It is first mentioned in the literature in the late 16th century, by which time it was very popular: The Sahasras contains 45 dhrupad song-texts for Kalyan and five for Iman-Kalyan. According to Venkatamakhin (1620), Kalyan was a favourite melody to the Arabs, and Pundarika included Yaman among his 'Persian' Ragas.[4]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G M̄ P D N Ṡ
    • Western: C D E F♯ G A B C
  2. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M̄ G R S
    • Western: C B A G F♯ E D C

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rao, B.Subba (1996). Raganidhi: A Comparative Study of Hindustani And Karnatak Ragas. Volume Three (K to P). Madras: The Music Academy. p. 10.
  2. ↑ Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  3. ↑ "Thamizhisai - The land of Songs Music and performing Arts". www.thamizhisai.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010.
  4. ↑ Bor 1997

Literature[edit | edit source]

Bor, Joep (1997), The Raga Guide, Charlottesville,Virginia: Nimbus Records
Kaufmann, Walter (1968), The Ragas of North India, Calcutta: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company.
Bagchee, Sandeep (1998), Nād, Understanding Rāga Music, Mumbai: Eshwar (Business Publications Inc.).
Bhatt, Balvantray (1964–1974), Bhāvaranga, Varanasi: Motilal Barnasidas.
Gandharva, Kumar (1965), Anūparāgavilāsa, Bombay: Mauj Prakashan.
Patwardhan, Vinayak Rao (1961–74), Rāga Vijñāna, Poona: Sangeet Gaurav Granthamala.
Srivastava, Harichandra (1973–79), Rāga Paricaya, Allahabad: SangeetSadan Prakashan.
Telang, Gokulanand; Bhartendu, Banwari Lal (1962), Sangīta Rāga Aṣṭachāpa, Hathras: Sangeet Karyalaya.
Thakar, Vasant Vaman, Sangīta Rāga Darśana, Prayag: Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal Prakashan.
Rao, B. Subba (1964–66), Raganidhi, Madras: Music Academy.

External links[edit | edit source]

  • Moutal, Patrick (1991), Hindustāni Rāga-s Index, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd, ISBN 81-215-0525-7
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