Chakravakam (raga): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Musical scale in South Indian classical music}}
{{Infobox ragam
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Chakravakam
| name          = Chakravakam
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[[Image:Chakravakam scale.svg|thumb|right|316px|Chakravakam scale with Shadjam at C]]
[[Image:Chakravakam scale.svg|thumb|right|316px|Chakravakam scale with Shadjam at C]]


It is the 4th ''melakarta'' in the 3rd ''chakra- Agni''. The mnemonic name is ''Agni-Bhu''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gu ma pa dhi ni''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
It is the 4th ''melakarta'' in the 3rd ''chakra- Agni''. The mnemonic name is ''Agni-Bhu''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gu ma pa dhi ni''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R1|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R1|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R1|S|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R1|S|foot=yes}}
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==Popular Compositions==
==Popular Compositions==
''Etula Brotuvo teliya'' and ''Sugunamule'' by [[Thyagaraja]], ''Kānakkankoti vendum'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]] are also sung in concerts.
*''Etula Brotuvo Teliya'' and ''Sugunamule'' by [[Thyagaraja]]
''Gajānanayutham'' is a popular composition in ''Tōyavēgavāhini'', by the maestro [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]], which is sung in a brisk tempo, unlike other compositions set to ''Chakravakam''.
*''Kānakkankoti Vendum'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]]
 
*''Gajānanayutham'', ''Kailasanatham Bhajeham'', ''Vinayaka Vighna Nashaka'', ''Veena Pusthaka Dharinim'' and ''Varahim Vaishnavim'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
KalamSei Kove, an ancient Tamil Sangam [[Kuṟuntokai]] poetry was set to Chakravakam in the international music album [[Sandham- Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]] by [[Rajan Somasundaram|Composer Rajan]].
*''Inka Daya'' by [[Ramaswami Dikshitar]]
 
*''Mullu Koneya Mele'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal]] also contributed a lot to this raga. His composition '' Sarojanabha'' is a famous krithi in this raga which is about [[Sree Padmanabhaswamy]].
*''Kada Beladingalu'' By [[Sripadaraja]]
 
*''Sarojanabha'' by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal]]
[[Kalyani Varadarajan]] has composed a melodious kriti in this ragam - ''Sri Amruta Phalâmbike''
*''Inka Daya Raleda'' and ''Jalajakshi ([[Varnam]])'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
 
*''Na Manavini'' by Garbhapurivasa
There are a number of popular compositions that have recently been set to tune in ''Ahir bhairav'' (a Hindustani raga similar to ''Chakravakam''), one of the most well known ones being ''Pibare Rāmarasam'' in [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]], by [[Sadasiva Brahmendra]].
*''Nera Nammiti'' and ''Janardhanam Samashrayeham'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]
*''Pramathadipam Pranathathiharam'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Sri Amruta Phalāmbike'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]
*''Pibare Ramarasam (version by [[Balamuralikrishna]]) by Sadashiva Brahmendra''
*''Chandrashekharendra Saraswathi Mānasa Bhajarē'' by ''P. K. Rajagopala Iyer''
*''Jathiswaram'' by [[K. N. Dhandayudapani Pillai]]


==Film Songs==
==Film Songs==
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|[[Vikram (1986 Tamil film)|Vikram]]
|[[Vikram (1986 Tamil film)|Vikram]]
|1986
|1986
|rowspan="7"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|rowspan="9"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[S. P. Balasubramanyam]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Kamal Haasan]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Kamal Haasan]]
|-
|-
|Vaanile Thenila
|Vaanile Thenila
|[[Kaakki Sattai]]
|[[Kaakki Sattai]]
|1985
|1985
|[[S. P. Balasubramanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
|Chalakku Chalakku
|Chalakku Chalakku
|[[Chembaruthi]]
|[[Chembaruthi]]
|1992
|1992
|rowspan=2|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|rowspan=2|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]],[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
|Katthum Kadal
|Katthum Kadal
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|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|-
|Koodu Enge
|Thottu Thottu Thukkipattu
|[[Senthamizh Selvan]]
|[[Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen]]
|1994
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubramanyam]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|[[Minmini]]
|-
|Ezhumalaiyanin Mahimai
|Ezhumalaiyan Mahimai
|1997
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Alli Sundaravalli
|Kangalin Varthaigal
|1998
|Arunmozhi
|-
|-
|Poonkatrae
|Poonkatrae
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|[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]
|[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]
|1995
|1995
|rowspan="3"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|rowspan="2"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|-
|Eechambazham
|Eechambazham
|[[Pavithra]]
|[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]
|1994
|1994
|[[Shahul Hameed]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|[[Shahul Hameed]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Kadhal Yogi
|[[Taal (film)|Thaalam]]
|1999
|[[T. L. Maharajan]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|-
|Vaa Vaa En Veenaiyae
|Vaa Vaa En Veenaiyae
|[[Sattam]]
|[[Sattam]]
|1983
|1983
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|rowspan=4|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[S. P. Balasubramanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|-
|Agaram Ippo
|Unathe Ilam Maalai Pozhuthe
|[[Sigaram]]
|Oomai Janangal
|1991
|1984
|[[S. P. Balasubramanyam]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Poovo Ponno
|[[Pudhu Yugam (1985 film)|Pudhu Yugam]]
|1985
|[[K. J. Yesudas]],[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
|Megangal Ennai Thottu
|Valarpirai Enave
|[[Amarkalam]]
|Rendum Rendum Anju
|rowspan=2|1999
|1988
|rowspan=2|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|[[S. P. Balasubramanyam]]
|-
|-
|Maname Maname
|Aavani Masam Porakattum
|[[Rojavanam]]
|Ponnu Pudichirukku
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[S. P. Balasubramanyam]](ver 2)
|1984
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
|-
|Paadu Paadu
|Paadu Paadu
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|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Nadodi Nanba
|[[Endrendrum Kadhal]]
|1999
|Manoj Bhatnagar
|[[Nagore E. M. Hanifa]], [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Thodhuvala Elai
|[[Thaai Manasu]]
|rowspan=2|1994
|rowspan="3"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|-
|Neelagiri Mala Orathila
|Neelagiri Mala Orathila
|[[Namma Annachi]]
|[[Namma Annachi]]
|1994
|rowspan="2"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|-
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|Kasthuri Manjal
|Kasthuri Manjal
|1993
|1993
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|rowspan=3|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
 
|-
|Sathamillatha Thanimai
|[[Amarkkalam]]
|1999
|[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
|-
|Ulagam Oru Vaadagai
|[[Thaiyalkaran]]
|rowspan=2|1991
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|-
|Ragasiyamai(Ragamalika:Malayamarutham,Chakravagam)
|Agaram Ippo
|[[Dum Dum Dum]]
|[[Sigaram]]
|2001
|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|[[Karthik Raja]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|}
 
==Album==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Album
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|-
|KalamSei Kove
|Unnalathan Nanum Vazhven
|[[Sandham- Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]]
|[[Eesa]]
|[[Rajan Somasundaram]]
|2009
|[[Saindhavi]]
|Haran
|[[Naresh Iyer]]
|}
|}


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|[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]
|[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]]  
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]]  
|}
==Album==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Album
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|KalamSei Kove
|[[Sandham- Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]]
|[[Rajan Somasundaram|Raleigh Rajan]]
|[[Saindhavi]]
|}
|}


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==References==
==References==
 
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakravakam (Raga)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakravakam (Raga)}}
[[Category:Melakarta Ragas]]
[[Category:Melakarta ragas]]

Latest revision as of 17:05, 23 March 2026


Chakravakam
ArohanamS R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S
Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

Chakravakam or Chakravaham (pronounced chakravākam) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale in South Indian classical music). It is the 16th Melakarta rāgam (parent rāgam) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. According to the Muthuswami Dikshitar school, this rāgam is called Tōyavēgavāhini.[1] Chakravakam is similar to Raga Ahir bhairav in Hindustani music.[2]

Chakravakam is a raga that is known to incite feelings of devotion, sympathy and compassion in the listeners.

Structure and Lakshana[edit | edit source]

Chakravakam scale with Shadjam at C

It is the 4th melakarta in the 3rd chakra- Agni. The mnemonic name is Agni-Bhu. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu ma pa dhi ni.[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

The notes in this scale are shadjam, shuddha rishabham, anthara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham.

It is a sampoorna rāgam - rāgam having all 7 swarams. It is the suddha madhyamam equivalent of Ramapriya, which is the 52nd melakarta.

Chakravakam is different from Mayamalavagowla in some ways, while playing. The Ri Ga ma notes are played a bit flatter than Mayamalavagowla, making it sound more restrained than Mayamalavagowla. The Da and Ni are played somewhat like Hari Kambhoji, giving the overall tune, to be restrained and devotional essence

Asampurna Melakarta[edit | edit source]

Tōyavēgavāhini is the 16th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same and the ascending scale and descending scale are same.[3]

Janya rāgams[edit | edit source]

Chakravakam has quite a few janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Bindumalini, Malayamarutam and Valaji are popular.

See List of Janya Ragas for a full list of its janyas.

Popular Compositions[edit | edit source]

Film Songs[edit | edit source]

"Albela Sajan" from "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam" (Hindi), "Poochho Na Kaise Maine Rain Bitai" from "Meri Surat Teri Ankhen" (Hindi) and "Raakkili Than" from "Perumazhakalam" (Malayalam).

Language:Tamil[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Year Composer Singer
Ullathil Nalla Ullam Karnan 1964 Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy Sirkazhi Govindarajan
Maranathai Enni
Thaai Paadum Paatu Naam Pirandha Mann 1977 M. S. Viswanathan P. Susheela, Vani Jairam
Deivathin Theareduthu Paattum Bharathamum 1975 T. M. Soundararajan
Aalukoru Thedhivechi Theerpu 1982
Indha Vanji Magal Thampadhyam oru Sangeetham S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Vaarey Vaa Thee 1981 L. R. Eswari
Naalellam Unthan Thirunale Thirumalai Deivam 1973 Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan K. B. Sundarambal
Vanithamani Vikram 1986 Ilaiyaraaja S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki, Kamal Haasan
Vaanile Thenila Kaakki Sattai 1985 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Chalakku Chalakku Chembaruthi 1992 Mano,S. Janaki
Katthum Kadal Kattumarakaran 1995
Nee Pathi Naan Pathi Keladi Kanmani 1990 K. J. Yesudas, Uma Ramanan
Thottu Thottu Thukkipattu Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen 1992 Minmini
Ezhumalaiyanin Mahimai Ezhumalaiyan Mahimai 1997 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Alli Sundaravalli Kangalin Varthaigal 1998 Arunmozhi
Poonkatrae Friends 2001 Hariharan
Vidu Kathaiya Muthu 1995 A. R. Rahman
Eechambazham Pavithra 1994 Shahul Hameed, K.S. Chitra
Vaa Vaa En Veenaiyae Sattam 1983 Gangai Amaran S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam
Unathe Ilam Maalai Pozhuthe Oomai Janangal 1984 K. J. Yesudas
Poovo Ponno Pudhu Yugam 1985 K. J. Yesudas,S. Janaki
Valarpirai Enave Rendum Rendum Anju 1988 Mano
Aavani Masam Porakattum Ponnu Pudichirukku 1984 Chandrabose Malaysia Vasudevan
Paadu Paadu Sengottai 1996 Vidyasagar K.S. Chitra, Anuradha Sriram
Neelagiri Mala Orathila Namma Annachi 1994 Deva S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Munnuru Naal Sumanthu Kasthuri Manjal 1993 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Sathamillatha Thanimai Amarkkalam 1999 Bharadwaj
Ulagam Oru Vaadagai Thaiyalkaran 1991 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Agaram Ippo Sigaram K.J. Yesudas
Unnalathan Nanum Vazhven Eesa 2009 Haran Naresh Iyer

Janya:Rasikaranjani Ragam[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Singer
Amuthe Tamizhe Koyil Puraa Illayaraja P. Susheela, Uma Ramanan
Neela Kuyile Magudi S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Konathu Sengarumbu(Folkish Style) Padikatha Pannaiyar Deepan Chakravarthy, S. P. Sailaja
Ethilum Ingu Bharathi Madhu Balakrishnan

Album[edit | edit source]

Song Album Composer Singer
KalamSei Kove Sandham- Symphony Meets Classical Tamil Raleigh Rajan Saindhavi

Related rāgams[edit | edit source]

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Chakravakam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Sarasangi and Dharmavati. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the Shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Dharmavati.

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P D Ṉ Ṡ
    • Western: C D♭ E F G A B♭ C
  2. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G Ṟ S
    • Western: C B♭ A G F E D♭ C

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. ↑ Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
  3. ↑ Shree Muthuswami Dikshitar Keerthanaigal, by A Sundaram Iyer, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai

External links[edit | edit source]

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