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{{short description|Indian government ministry responsible for military and national defence matters}}  
{{Short description|Indian Executive Department}}
 
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox government agency
{{Infobox government agency
| seal = Emblem_of_India.svg
| name            = Ministry of Defence
| seal_width = 70px
| nativename = रक्षा मन्त्रालय
| picture = Delhi_India_Government.jpg
| type            = Ministry
| picture_width =  
| seal           = Ministry of Defence India.svg
| picture_caption = [[South Block]], [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Central Secretariat]]
| seal_width     = 250px
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of India]]
| logo            = Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg
| nativename_a =
| logo_alt        = Ministry of Defence.png
| formed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1776}} {{small|(as Military Department)}}<br />{{Start date and age|df=yes|1947|08|15}} {{small|(as Ministry of Defence)}}
| logo_size      =
| dissolved =  
| logo_caption    = Flag of the Ministry of Defence
| superseding =  
| picture         = Delhi_India_Government.jpg
| jurisdiction =  
| image_size      =  
| headquarters = [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]]<br/> [[Raisina Hill]], [[New Delhi]]
| picture_caption = [[South Block]], [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi]]
| coordinates = {{coord|28|36|50|N|77|12|32|E|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
| formed         = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1776}} {{small|(as Military Department)}}<br />{{Start date and age|df=yes|1947|08|15}} {{small|(as Ministry of Defence)}}
| employees = 1,443,921<ref name="Press Information Bureau">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%2520ID%2520:148814)|title=Press Information Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915111743/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=%28Release%20ID%20%3A148814%29|archive-date=15 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=15 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html|title=20% Sailor Shortage in Navy, 15% Officer Posts Vacant In Army, Nirmala Sitharaman Tells Parliament}}</ref> (active personnel) {{Small|(2016)}}<br />
| preceding1      = Department of Defence (1938–47)
| region_code    = IN
| jurisdiction   = [[Government of India]]
| headquarters   = [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Secretariat Building]]<br /> [[Raisina Hill]], [[New Delhi]]
| coordinates     = {{coord|28|36|50|N|77|12|32|E|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
| employees       = 1,443,921<ref name="Press Information Bureau">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%2520ID%2520:148814)|title=Press Information Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915111743/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=%28Release%20ID%20%3A148814%29|archive-date=15 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=15 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html|title=20% Sailor Shortage in Navy, 15% Officer Posts Vacant In Army, Nirmala Sitharaman Tells Parliament|date=27 December 2017}}</ref> (active personnel) {{Small|(2016)}}<br />
1,155,000<ref name="IISS 2012">[[#IISS2012|IISS 2012]], pp. 243–248</ref> (reserve personnel) {{Small|(2012)}}<br />
1,155,000<ref name="IISS 2012">[[#IISS2012|IISS 2012]], pp. 243–248</ref> (reserve personnel) {{Small|(2012)}}<br />
398,422<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India|publisher=Seventh Central [[Pay Commission]], Government of India|format=PDF|url-status=dead|access-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092637/http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> (civilian) {{Small|(2014)}}
398,422<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India|publisher=Seventh Central [[Pay Commission]], Government of India|url-status=dead|access-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092637/http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> (civilian) {{Small|(2014)}}
| budget = {{INRConvert|478195|c|lk=on|year=2021}} {{small|(2021–22)}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitharaman allocates Rs 4.78 lakh crore to defence budget for 2021-22, 'highest in 15 years'|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/sitharaman-allocates-rs-478-lakh-crore-to-defence-budget-for-2021-22-highest-in-15-years20210201142046/|access-date=2021-02-02|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref>
| budget         = {{INRConvert|525166|c|lk=on|year=2021}} {{small|(2022–23)}}<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pandit|first1=Rajat|date=February 1, 2022|title=defence: Strong push for indigenous weapons amidst modest hike in defence budget|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/strong-push-for-indigenous-weapons-amidst-modest-hike-in-defence-budget/articleshow/89275344.cms|access-date=2022-02-01|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[Rajnath Singh]]
| minister1_name = [[File:Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg|25px|border|Ministry of Defence (India)]] [[Rajnath Singh]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]
| minister1_pfo   = [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]
| minister2_name =  
| deputyminister1_name = [[File:Flag of the Ministry of Defence of India.svg|25px|border|Ministry of Defence (India)]] [[Ajay Bhatt (politician)|Ajay Bhatt]]
| minister2_pfo =
| deputyminister1_pfo = Minister of State for Defence
| child1_agency = <small>Department of Defence</small>
| chief1_name     = Giridhar Aramane, I.A.S.
| child2_agency = <small>Department of Defence Production</small>
| child3_agency = <small>Department of Defence Research and Development</small>
| child4_agency = <small>[[Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare|Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare]]</small>
| child5_agency = <small>[[Department of Military Affairs]]</small>
Department of Defence Finance
| website = {{URL|https://mod.gov.in}}
| name = Ministry of Defence
| logo =
| chief1_name = [[Ajay Kumar (civil servant)|Ajay Kumar]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]]
| chief1_position = [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]]
| chief2_name = [[General Bipin Rawat]], [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]]
| chief2_name     = [[General (India)|General]] [[Anil Chauhan]], [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]]
| chief2_position = Secretary, [[Department of Military Affairs]]
| chief2_position = Secretary, [[Department of Military Affairs]]
| chief3_name = Subhash Chandra, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief3_name     = [[General (India)|General]] [[Anil Chauhan]], [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
| chief3_position = Secretary (Defence Production)
| chief4_name    = Subhash Chandra, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief4_name = Sanjeevanee Kutty, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief4_position = Secretary (Defence Production)
| chief4_position = Secretary ([[Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare|Ex-Servicemen Welfare]])
| chief5_name    = Sanjeevanee Kutty, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief5_name = Dr. [[G. Satheesh Reddy]]
| chief5_position = Secretary ([[Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare|Ex-Servicemen Welfare]])
| chief5_position = Secretary ([[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=secretary-drdo.jsp |title=Defence Secretary of R&D DRDO- Defence secretary R&D |publisher=Drdo.gov.in |access-date=2018-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515210746/https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=secretary-drdo.jsp |archive-date=15 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| chief6_name    = Dr. [[G. Satheesh Reddy]]
| chief6_name = Dr. [[G. Satheesh Reddy]]
| chief6_position = Secretary ([[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=secretary-drdo.jsp |title=Defence Secretary of R&D DRDO- Defence secretary R&D |publisher=Drdo.gov.in |access-date=2018-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515210746/https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=secretary-drdo.jsp |archive-date=15 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| chief6_position = Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister<ref>https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=sa-to-rm.jsp</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=sa-to-rm.jsp |title=Defence Secretary of R&D DRDO |publisher=Drdo.gov.in |access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>
| chief7_name    = Dr. [[G. Satheesh Reddy]]
| chief7_name = Sanjiv Mittal  
| chief7_position = Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=sa-to-rm.jsp |title=DRDO |access-date=17 June 2018 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093330/https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=sa-to-rm.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=sa-to-rm.jsp |title=Defence Secretary of R&D DRDO |publisher=Drdo.gov.in |access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>
| chief7_position = Financial Advisor
| chief8_name    = Sanjiv Mittal
| chief8_name =  
| chief8_position = Financial Advisor
| chief8_position =  
| parent_department =  
| chief9_name =  
| child1_agency  = <small>Department of Defence</small>
| chief9_position =
| child2_agency  = <small>Department of Defence Production</small>
| parent_department = Defence
| child3_agency  = <small>Department of Defence Research and Development</small>
| deputyminister1_name = [[Ajay Bhatt (politician)|Ajay Bhatt]]
| child4_agency  = <small>[[Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare|Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare]]</small>
| deputyminister1_pfo = Minister of State for Defence
| child5_agency  = <small>[[Department of Military Affairs]]</small>
| type = Ministry
| child6_agency  = <small>Department of Defence Finance</small>
| preceding1 = Department of Defence (1938–47)
| child7_agency  = National Defence Law Division
| region_code = IN
| website        = {{URL|https://mod.gov.in}}
}}
}}
{{Politics of India}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''Ministry of Defence''' ('''MoD''') ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''Rakshā Maṃtrālaya'') is charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to [[national security]] and the [[Indian armed forces]].
The [[President of India]] is the ceremonial [[commander-in-chief]] of the armed forces of the country. The Ministry of Defence provides policy framework and resources to the armed forces to discharge their responsibility in the context of the defence of the country. The [[Indian Armed Forces]] (including [[Indian Army]], [[Indian Air Force]], [[Indian Navy]]) and [[Indian Coast Guard]] under the Ministry of Defence are primarily responsible for ensuring the territorial integrity of [[India]].


At present, the undergoing new creation of [[Indian National Defence University|National Defence University]], for training of military officials and concerned civilian officials, will be administered and overseen by the Ministry. The Ministry organises and runs [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day celebrations]] and [[Delhi Republic Day parade|parade]] every year in January, hosting a [[Republic Day (India)#Republic Day parade chief guest|chief guest]]. The Ministry has the largest budget among the federal departments of India and currently stands [[List of countries by military expenditures|third in military expenditure in the world]],<ref name="IDSA budget">{{cite web|url=https://idsa.in/issuebrief/defence-budget-2018-19-controlling-manpower-cost-lkbehera-020218|title=Defence Budget 2018-19: The Imperative of Controlling Manpower Cost|last=Behera|first=Laxman K.|date=2 February 2018|website=[[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]|language=en|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu budget">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/modest-hike-in-defence-budget-pensions-see-sharp-rise/article22622364.ece|title=Modest hike in defence budget, pensions see sharp rise|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=1 February 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=19 February 2018|publication-place=New Delhi|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|oclc=13119119}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India budget">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/budget-2018-govt-hikes-defence-budget-by-7-81/articleshow/62740525.cms|title=Budget 2018: Govt hikes defence budget by 7.81%, but it's just 1.58% of GDP & lowest since 1962|last=Pandit|first=Rajat|date=1 February 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 February 2018|publication-place=New Delhi|oclc=23379369}}</ref> among countries of the world.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web|url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Trends-world-military-expenditure-2016.pdf|title=Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2016|last=Tian|first=Nan|last2=Fleurant|first2=Aude|date=April 2017|publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]|format=PDF|access-date=24 April 2017|last3=Wezeman|first3=Pieter D.|last4=Wezeman|first4=Siemon T.}}</ref>
The '''Ministry of Defence''' ('''MoD''') ({{lang-hi|रक्षा मन्त्रालय}}) is charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to [[national security]] and the [[Indian Armed Forces]].
The [[President of India]] is the ceremonial [[commander-in-chief]] of the armed forces of the country. The Ministry of Defence provides policy framework and resources to the armed forces to discharge their responsibility in the context of the defence of the country. The [[Indian Armed Forces]] (including [[Indian Army]], [[Indian Air Force]], [[Indian Navy]]) and [[Indian Coast Guard]] under the Ministry of Defence are primarily responsible for ensuring the territorial integrity of [[India]]. As of [[Statista]], It is the [[List of largest employers|biggest employer in the world]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Defence Ministry : नौकरी देने में रक्षा मंत्रालय दुनियाभर में सबसे आगे, अमेरिका व चीन भी पीछे |url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/indian-defence-ministry-worlds-biggest-employer-statista-report-claims |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> with 2.92 million employers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Biggest Employers |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/3585/the-worlds-biggest-employers/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Statista Infographics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Ministry of Defence is the world's biggest employer with 2.92 million people: Report |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/indias-ministry-of-defence-is-the-worlds-biggest-employer-with-2-92-million-people-report-article-95166273 |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=With 2.92 million people, Indian defence ministry is world's biggest employer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-2-92-million-people-indian-defence-ministry-is-worlds-biggest-employer-report/articleshow/95167631.cms |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
 
At present, the undergoing new creation of [[Indian National Defence University|National Defence University]], for training of military officials and concerned civilian officials, will be administered and overseen by the Ministry. The Ministry organises and runs [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day celebrations]] and [[Delhi Republic Day parade|parade]] every year in January, hosting a [[Republic Day (India)#Republic Day parade chief guest|chief guest]]. The Ministry has the largest budget among the federal departments of India and currently stands [[List of countries by military expenditures|third in military expenditure in the world]],<ref name="IDSA budget">{{cite web|url=https://idsa.in/issuebrief/defence-budget-2018-19-controlling-manpower-cost-lkbehera-020218|title=Defence Budget 2018-19: The Imperative of Controlling Manpower Cost|last=Behera|first=Laxman K.|date=2 February 2018|website=[[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]|language=en|access-date=19 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu budget">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/modest-hike-in-defence-budget-pensions-see-sharp-rise/article22622364.ece|title=Modest hike in defence budget, pensions see sharp rise|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=1 February 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=19 February 2018|publication-place=New Delhi|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|oclc=13119119}}</ref><ref name="The Times of India budget">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/budget-2018-govt-hikes-defence-budget-by-7-81/articleshow/62740525.cms|title=Budget 2018: Govt hikes defence budget by 7.81%, but it's just 1.58% of GDP & lowest since 1962|last=Pandit|first=Rajat|date=1 February 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=18 February 2018|publication-place=New Delhi|oclc=23379369}}</ref> among countries of the world.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web|url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Trends-world-military-expenditure-2016.pdf|title=Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2016|last1=Tian|first1=Nan|last2=Fleurant|first2=Aude|date=April 2017|publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]|access-date=24 April 2017|last3=Wezeman|first3=Pieter D.|last4=Wezeman|first4=Siemon T.}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
===Origin===
A Military Department was created in the Supreme Government of the [[English East India Company]] at [[Kolkata]] in the year 1776, having the main function to sift and record orders relating to the Army issued by various Departments of the Government of East India Company. The Military Department initially functioned as a branch of the Public Department and maintained a list of Army personnel.<ref name=":1" />
A military department was created by the supreme government of the [[British East India Company]] at [[Kolkata]] in the year 1776.<ref name=":1" /> Its main function was to co-ordinate and record orders, relating to the army, issued by various departments of the government of the East India Company. The Military Department initially functioned as a branch of the Public Department and maintained a list of army personnel.<ref name=":1" />


With the [[Saint Helena Act 1833|Charter Act 1833]] the Secretariat of the Government of the East India Company was reorganised into four departments, each headed by a secretary to the Government.<ref name=":1" /> The armies in the presidencies of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] and [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] functioned as the respective [[presidency armies]] until April 1895, when the presidency armies were unified into a single Indian Army. For administrative convenience, it was divided into four commands: [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] (including the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)|North West Frontier]]), [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] (including [[Burma]]), [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] and [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] (including [[Sindh]], [[Quetta]] and [[Aden]]).<ref name=":1" />
With the [[Saint Helena Act 1833|Charter Act 1833]], the Secretariat of the Government of the East India Company was reorganised into four departments, each headed by a secretary to the Government.<ref name=":1" /> The armies in the presidencies of [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] and [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] functioned as the respective [[presidency armies]] until April 1895, when the presidency armies were unified into a single Indian Army. For administrative convenience, it was divided into four commands: [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] (including the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)|North West Frontier]]), [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] (including [[Burma]]), [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] and [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] (including [[Sindh]], [[Quetta]] and [[Aden]]).<ref name=":1" />


The supreme authority over the Indian Army was vested in the [[Governor-General of India|Governor General-in-Council]], subject to the control of [[the Crown]], which was exercised by the [[Secretary of State for India]]. Two members in the Council were responsible for military affairs. One was the Military Member, who supervised all administrative and financial matters. The other was the commander-in-chief who was responsible for all operational matters.<ref name=":1" /> The Military Department was abolished in March 1906 and was replaced by two separate departments; the Army Department and the Military Supply Department. In April 1909 the Military Supply Department was abolished and its functions were taken over by the Army Department. The Army Department was redesignated as the Defence Department in January 1938. The Department of Defence became the Ministry of Defence under a cabinet minister in August 1947.<ref name=":1" />
The supreme authority over the Indian Army was vested in the [[Governor-General of India|Governor General-in-Council]], subject to the control of [[the Crown]], which was exercised by the [[Secretary of State for India]]. Two members in the council were responsible for military affairs. One was the Military Member, who supervised all administrative and financial matters. The other was the commander-in-chief who was responsible for all operational matters.<ref name=":1" /> The Military Department was abolished in March 1906 and was replaced by two separate departments; the Army Department and the Military Supply Department. In April 1909 the Military Supply Department was abolished and its functions were taken over by the Army Department. The Army Department was redesignated as the Defence Department in January 1938. The Department of Defence became the Ministry of Defence under a cabinet minister in August 1947.<ref name=":1" />


===Post independences changes===
===Post independences changes===
The functions of MoD which in 1947 was mainly logistic support to the armed forces, has undergone far reaching changes. In November 1962, following the 1962 war, a Department of Defence Production was set-up to deal with research, development and production of defence equipment. In November 1965, the Department of Defence Supplies was created for planning and execution of schemes for import substitution of requirements for defence purposes. These two Departments were later merged to form the Department of Defence Production and Supplies.
The functions of MoD which in 1947 was mainly logistic support to the armed forces, has undergone far reaching changes. In November 1962, following the 1962 war, a Department of Defence Production was set-up to deal with research, development and production of defence equipment. In November 1965, the Department of Defence Supplies was created for planning and execution of schemes for import substitution of requirements for defence purposes. These two Departments were later merged to form the Department of Defence Production and Supplies.
[[File:Atmanirbhar Bharat Defence Industry Outreach 27 August 2020.jpg|thumb|250x250px|The Defence Minister, [[Rajnath Singh]] addressing an [[Atmanirbhar Bharat]] Defence Industry Outreach Webinar, jointly organised by the Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers (SIDM), the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (FICCI) and [[Department of Defence Production]] (DDP), Ministry of Defence (MoD), in New Delhi on 27 August 2020. Also seen are General [[Bipin Rawat]], General [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]], Admiral [[Karambir Singh]], Air Chief Marshal [[Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria|R.K.S. Bhadauria]], the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], [[Ajay Kumar (civil servant)|Ajay Kumar]], the Secretary (Defence Production) and the Secretary, Raj Kumar, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]], [[G. Satheesh Reddy]].]]
[[File:Atmanirbhar Bharat Defence Industry Outreach 27 August 2020.jpg|thumb|250x250px|The Defence Minister, [[Rajnath Singh]] addressing an [[Atmanirbhar Bharat]] Defence Industry Outreach Webinar, jointly organised by the Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers (SIDM), the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] (FICCI) and Department of Defence Production (DDP), Ministry of Defence (MoD), in New Delhi on 27 August 2020. Also seen are General [[Bipin Rawat]], General [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]], Admiral [[Karambir Singh]], Air Chief Marshal [[Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria|R.K.S. Bhadauria]], the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], [[Ajay Kumar (civil servant)|Ajay Kumar]], the Secretary (Defence Production) and the Secretary, Raj Kumar, Department of Defence R&D and chairman, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]], [[G. Satheesh Reddy]].]]
In 1980, the Department of Defence Research and Development was created. In January 2004, the Department of Defence Production and Supplies was renamed the Department of Defence Production. A Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister was appointed to advise on scientific aspects of military equipment and the research and design of defence forces equipment. The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare was created in 2004.
In 1980, the Department of Defence Research and Development was created. In January 2004, the Department of Defence Production and Supplies was renamed the Department of Defence Production. A Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister was appointed to advise on scientific aspects of military equipment and the research and design of defence forces equipment. The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare was created in 2004.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}


==Organisation==
==Organisation==
===Departments===
===Departments===
The Ministry of Defence consists of five Departments; Department of Defence (DoD), Department of Military Affairs (DMA), Department of Defence Production (DDP), Department of Defence Research and Development (DRDO), and Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (DESW). The [[Defence Secretary of India]] functions as head of the Department of Defence,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnnualReport1617.pdf|title=Annual Report (2016-17)|website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> and is additionally responsible for coordinating the activities of the Departments in the Ministry.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
The Ministry of Defence consists of five departments; Department of Defence (DoD), Department of Military Affairs (DMA), Department of Defence Production (DDP), Department of Defence Research and Development (DRDO), and Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (DESW). The [[Defence Secretary of India]] functions as head of the Department of Defence,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnnualReport1617.pdf|title=Annual Report (2016-17)|website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> and is additionally responsible for coordinating the activities of the departments in the ministry.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />


The principal functions of all the Departments are as follows:
The principal functions of all the departments are as follows:
* The '''Department of Defence''', headed by the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], the department deals with the defence of india including defence policy, preparation for defence, acts conducive to prosecution of war, the Reserves of the Army, Navy and Air Force, Defence Accounts, the Coast Guard, Border Roads Organization, capital acquisitions for defence and various establishment matters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabsec.gov.in/writereaddata/allocationbusinessrule/amendment/english/1_Upload_1973.pdf|title=Cabinet Secretariat Notification|date=2019-12-30|website=Gazette of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabsec.gov.in/writereaddata/allocationbusinessrule/completeaobrules/english/1_Upload_1187.pdf|title=Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 (As Amended up to 31st January, 2017)|date=2017-01-31|website=Gazette of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> It is also responsible for the [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis]], [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]] and any other organisation within the Ministry of Defence whose remit is broader than military matters. It is also responsible for the Defence Budget, matters relating to the [[Parliament]], defence cooperation with foreign countries and coordination of all activities.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />  
* The '''Department of Defence''', headed by the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], the department deals with the defence of India including defence policy, preparation for defence, acts conducive to prosecution of war, the Reserves of the Army, Navy and Air Force, Defence Accounts, [[Indian Coast Guard]], [[Border Roads Organization]], capital acquisitions for defence and various establishment matters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabsec.gov.in/writereaddata/allocationbusinessrule/amendment/english/1_Upload_1973.pdf|title=Cabinet Secretariat Notification|date=2019-12-30|website=Gazette of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabsec.gov.in/writereaddata/allocationbusinessrule/completeaobrules/english/1_Upload_1187.pdf|title=Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 (As Amended up to 31st January, 2017)|date=2017-01-31|website=Gazette of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> It is also responsible for the [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis]], [[National Defence College (India)|National Defence College]] and any other organisation within the Ministry of Defence whose remit is broader than military matters. It is also responsible for the Defence Budget, matters relating to the [[Parliament]], defence cooperation with foreign countries and coordination of all activities.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />  
* The '''[[Department of Military Affairs]]''', is responsible for managing the armed forces of India, namely, the [[Indian Army|Army]], the [[Indian Navy|Navy]] and the [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]]. It is also responsible for the [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]. It is headed by the [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] as its secretary. It deals with procurement exclusive to the Indian Armed Forces except capital acquisitions. It is designed to promote jointness among the military services of India. This department was approved on 24 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=196101|title=Cabinet approves creation of the post of Chief of Defence Staff in the rank of four star General|date=24 December 2019|website=Press Information Bureau|access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-sets-up-dept-of-military-affairs-to-be-headed-by-chief-of-defence-staff/story-eIC4HPIpbexJgGtpEfMaLI.html|title=Govt sets up Dept of Military Affairs to be headed by Chief of Defence Staff|date=2019-12-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> and the responsibilities notified by Cabinet Secretariat order on 30 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabsec.gov.in/writereaddata/allocationbusinessrule/amendment/english/1_Upload_1973.pdf|title=Cabinet Secretariat Notification|date=2019-12-30|website=Gazette of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref>
* The '''[[Department of Military Affairs]]''', is responsible for managing the armed forces of India, namely, the [[Indian Army|Army]], the [[Indian Navy|Navy]] and the [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]]. It is also responsible for the [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]]. It is headed by the [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] as its secretary. It deals with procurement exclusive to the Indian Armed Forces except capital acquisitions. It is designed to promote jointness among the military services of India. This department was approved on 24 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=196101|title=Cabinet approves creation of the post of Chief of Defence Staff in the rank of four star General|date=24 December 2019|website=Press Information Bureau|access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-sets-up-dept-of-military-affairs-to-be-headed-by-chief-of-defence-staff/story-eIC4HPIpbexJgGtpEfMaLI.html|title=Govt sets up Dept of Military Affairs to be headed by Chief of Defence Staff|date=2019-12-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> and the responsibilities notified by Cabinet Secretariat order on 30 December 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabsec.gov.in/writereaddata/allocationbusinessrule/amendment/english/1_Upload_1973.pdf|title=Cabinet Secretariat Notification|date=2019-12-30|website=Gazette of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref>
* The '''Department of Defence Production''', headed by the [[Defence Production Secretary]], the department was set up in November 1962 and is responsible for matters pertaining to defence production, planning and control of departmental production units of the [[Ordnance Factories Board]], indigenisation of imported stores equipment and spares, and for defence [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector undertakings]] ([[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]], [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]], [[Bharat Earth Movers|BEML]], [[Bharat Dynamics|BDL]], [[Mazagon Dock Limited|MDL]], [[Goa Shipyard Limited|GSL]], [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers|GRSE]], [[Mishra Dhatu Nigam|Midhani]]).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ddpmod.gov.in/about-department-defence-production|title=About The DDP|website=Department of Defence Production, Government of India|url-status=dead|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=4 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170746/http://ddpmod.gov.in/about-department-defence-production}}</ref>
* The '''Department of Defence Production''', headed by the [[Defence Production Secretary]], the department was set up in November 1962 and is responsible for matters pertaining to defence production, planning and control of departmental production units of the [[Ordnance Factories Board]], indigenisation of imported stores equipment and spares, and for defence [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector undertakings]] ([[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]], [[Bharat Electronics|BEL]], [[Bharat Earth Movers|BEML]], [[Bharat Dynamics|BDL]], [[Mazagon Dock Limited|MDL]], [[Goa Shipyard Limited|GSL]], [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers|GRSE]], [[Mishra Dhatu Nigam|Midhani]]).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ddpmod.gov.in/about-department-defence-production|title=About The DDP|website=Department of Defence Production, Government of India|url-status=dead|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=4 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170746/http://ddpmod.gov.in/about-department-defence-production}}</ref>
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===Integrated Defence Staff===
===Integrated Defence Staff===
{{Main|Integrated Defence Staff}}
{{Main|Integrated Defence Staff}}
To ensure a high degree of synergy between the Armed forces, the Government has set up the Integrated Defence Staff, headed by the [[Chief of Integrated Defence Staff]] as the Chairman. It was created on 1 October 2001 based on the recommendations of the Group of Ministers which was set up in 2000 (post-Kargil) to review India's defence management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ids.nic.in/history.htm|title=About IDS > History|website=Integrated Defence Staff|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> It acts as the point organisation for integration of policy, doctrine, war-fighting and procurement by employing best management practices. The chairman of Integrated Defences Staff is a 4-star General (or his equivalent in the Air Force or the Navy). The [[Chief of Integrated Defence Staff]]/Vice Chief of defence staff is a three-star General.
To ensure a high degree of synergy between the Armed forces, the Government has set up the Integrated Defence Staff, headed by the [[Chief of Integrated Defence Staff]] as the chairman. It was created on 1 October 2001 based on the recommendations of the Group of Ministers which was set up in 2000 (post-Kargil) to review India's defence management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ids.nic.in/history.htm|title=About IDS > History|website=Integrated Defence Staff|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> It acts as the point organisation for integration of policy, doctrine, war-fighting and procurement by employing best management practices. The chairman of Integrated Defences Staff is a 4-star General (or his equivalent in the Air Force or the Navy).


The current [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] is [[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]], who took over on 1 January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 November 2016|title=Lt Gen Satish Dua takes over as CISC|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%20ID%20:153225)|access-date=14 January 2018|website=[[Press Information Bureau of India]]}}</ref>  
The first [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] was [[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]], who took over on 1 January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 November 2016|title=Lt Gen Satish Dua takes over as CISC|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=(Release%20ID%20:153225)|access-date=14 January 2018|website=[[Press Information Bureau of India]]}}</ref>
 
The current Vice Chief of Defence Staff is [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[R. Hari Kumar]].


===Chiefs of Staff Committee===
===Chiefs of Staff Committee===
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The Chiefs of Staff Committee is composed of: (a) [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff (COAS)]]; (b) [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS)]]; (c) [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff (CAS)]]; and (d) [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] (CDS) (non-voting member). The Scientific Adviser to the Minister of Defence is invited to attend whenever needed.<ref name="IDS India" />
The Chiefs of Staff Committee is composed of: (a) [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff (COAS)]]; (b) [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS)]]; (c) [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff (CAS)]]; and (d) [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] (CDS) (non-voting member). The Scientific Adviser to the Minister of Defence is invited to attend whenever needed.<ref name="IDS India" />


The senior most member of the COSC is appointed its [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee|chairperson]]. [[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]] is the current head of COSC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Air Chief Marshal Dhanoa gets baton of COSC chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-chief-marshal-dhanoa-gets-baton-of-cosc-chief/article27283810.ece |work=The Hindu |date=29 May 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
The senior most member of the COSC is appointed its [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee|chairperson]]. [[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]] was the last head of COSC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Air Chief Marshal Dhanoa gets baton of COSC chief |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-chief-marshal-dhanoa-gets-baton-of-cosc-chief/article27283810.ece |work=The Hindu |date=29 May 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>


The position of COSC has ceased to exit with the creation of [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]].
The position of COSC has ceased to exit with the creation of [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]].


==== Strategic Information Services/Tactical Intelligence Division ====
General Bipin Rawat was appointed the first Chief of Defence Staff in 2019. He died in a helicopter crash on 8 December 2021.
SIS/TID is a highly classified division within the walls of Ministry of Defence under the Government of India. Very limited information is available for this division.


===Role===
===Role===
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|[[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]] ([[Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare|Ex-servicemen Welfare]])
|[[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary]] ([[Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare|Ex-servicemen Welfare]])
|-
|-
|Dr. [[G. Satheesh Reddy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/drdos-new-chief-satheesh-reddy-has-his-job-cut-out/article24785909.ece|title=DRDO’s new chief Satheesh Reddy has his job cut out}}</ref>
|[[G. Satheesh Reddy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/drdos-new-chief-satheesh-reddy-has-his-job-cut-out/article24785909.ece|title=DRDO's new chief Satheesh Reddy has his job cut out}}</ref>
|[[Secretary to Government of India|Secretary]] (Defence Research and Development) and chairman, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]
|[[Secretary to Government of India|Secretary]] (Defence Research and Development) and chairman, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]
|-
|-
|SANJIV MITTAL, IDAS [[Indian Defence Accounts Service|IDAS]]
|Sanjiv Mittal, [[Indian Defence Accounts Service|IDAS]]
|[[Financial adviser (Government of India)|Financial Adviser]] (Defence Services), Ministry of Defence  
|[[Financial adviser (Government of India)|Financial Adviser]] (Defence Services), Ministry of Defence  
|-
|-
|Apurva Chandra, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Pankaj Agrawal, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Director General (Acquisition) and [[Additional Secretary to Government of India|Additional Secretary]]
|Director General (Acquisition) and [[Additional Secretary to Government of India|Additional Secretary]]
|-
|-
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|Technical Manager (Air)
|Technical Manager (Air)
|-
|-
|''Dr. [[G. Satheesh Reddy]]''
|[[G. Satheesh Reddy]]
|Scientific Adviser to [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]]
|Scientific Adviser to [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister]]
|}
|}
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===Chiefs of the tri-services and Defence Staff===
===Chiefs of the tri-services and Defence Staff===
In 1955, the title of Commander-in-Chief was abolished and the three service chiefs were designated as the [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]], the [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] and the [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]]. The heads of the three services of [[Indian Armed Forces]] are:
In 1955, the title of Commander-in-Chief was abolished and the three service chiefs were designated as the [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]], the [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] and the [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]]. The heads of the three services of [[Indian Armed Forces]] are:
*[[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] &mdash; [[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]]
*[[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] &mdash; [[General (India)|General]] [[Anil Chauhan]]
*[[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] &mdash; [[General (India)|General]] [[Manoj Mukund Naravane]]
*[[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] &mdash; [[General (India)|General]] [[Manoj Pande (general)|Manoj Pandey]]
*[[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] &mdash; [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Karambir Singh]]
*[[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] &mdash; [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[R. Hari Kumar|Radhakrishnan Hari Kumar]]
*[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] &mdash; [[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria]]
*[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] &mdash; [[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]]


===Vice Chiefs of the tri-services===
===Vice Chiefs of the tri-services===
*[[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]] &mdash; [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]
*[[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]] &mdash; [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[B. S. Raju]]
*[[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]] &mdash; [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[G Ashok Kumar]]
*[[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]] &mdash; [[Vice Admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[Satish Namdeo Ghormade]]
*[[Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Air Staff]] &mdash; [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] [[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]]
*[[Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Air Staff]] &mdash; [[Air Marshal (India)|Air Marshal]] [[Sandeep Singh (air marshal)|Sandeep Singh]]


==Initiatives==
==Initiatives==
===SRIJAN portal===
===[https://srijandefence.gov.in/ SRIJAN] portal===
The SRIJAN is a portal launched by MoD in order to take up the products imported for indigenization. According to Ministry; it displays defence products that have been imported recently and will tag with the Defence [[ Public sector undertakings in India |Public sector undertaking]]s, Ordinance Factory Board and others in order to push for its domestic manufacturing for exports in future.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/rajnath-singh-launches-online-portal-srijan-to-promote-indigenisation-in-defence-production-8710611.html|title=rajnath-singh-launches-online-portal-srijan-to-promote-indigenisation-in-defence-production|access-date=2020-09-02}}</ref>
The SRIJAN is a portal launched by MoD in order to take up the products imported for indigenization. According to Ministry; it displays defence products that have been imported recently and will tag with the Defence [[Public sector undertakings in India|Public sector undertaking]]s, Ordinance Factory Board and others in order to push for its domestic manufacturing for exports in future.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/rajnath-singh-launches-online-portal-srijan-to-promote-indigenisation-in-defence-production-8710611.html|title=rajnath-singh-launches-online-portal-srijan-to-promote-indigenisation-in-defence-production|access-date=2020-09-02}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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* [[Indian Naval Academy]]
* [[Indian Naval Academy]]
* [[Chief of Defence (India)]]
* [[Chief of Defence (India)]]
* [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of external affairs]]


==References==
==References==
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* [http://ddpmod.gov.in/index.php Official Website of Department of Defence Production]
* [http://ddpmod.gov.in/index.php Official Website of Department of Defence Production]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807100020/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsp Official Website of Defence Research and Development Organisation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807100020/http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=homebody.jsp Official Website of Defence Research and Development Organisation]
* [https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnnualReport1617.pdf Annual Report for the year 2016-17]
* [https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnnualReport1617.pdf Annual Report for the year 2016–17]
* [http://india.gov.in/min_dep.php?minid=06&minname=Ministry%20of%20 Defence Directory of Important Web Links of MOD]
* [http://india.gov.in/min_dep.php?minid=06&minname=Ministry%20of%20 Defence Directory of Important Web Links of MOD]
* [http://ids.nic.in/ Official Website of the Integrated Defence Staff]
* [http://ids.nic.in/ Official Website of the Integrated Defence Staff]
* [http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/ Sainik Samachar] Armed Forces News
* [http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/ Sainik Samachar] Armed Forces News
* [https://www.atsarkarinaukri.com/2019/11/defence-jobs.html Defence Jobs Updates]
{{Defence Ministry of India}}
{{Defence Ministry of India}}
{{Union ministries of India}}
{{Union ministries of India}}
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[[Category:Government ministries of India|Defence]]
[[Category:Government ministries of India|Defence]]
[[Category:Military of India]]
[[Category:Military of India]]
{{Source Wikipedia}}

Latest revision as of 16:15, 5 March 2025


Ministry of Defence
रक्षा मन्त्रालय
Ministry of Defence India.svg
Ministry of Defence.png
Flag of the Ministry of Defence
Delhi India Government.jpg
South Block, Secretariat Building, New Delhi
Ministry overview
Formed1776; 249 years ago (1776) (as Military Department)
15 August 1947; 77 years ago (1947-08-15) (as Ministry of Defence)
Preceding Ministry
  • Department of Defence (1938–47)
JurisdictionGovernment of India
HeadquartersSecretariat Building
Raisina Hill, New Delhi
28°36′50″N 77°12′32″E / 28.61389°N 77.20889°E / 28.61389; 77.20889Coordinates: 28°36′50″N 77°12′32″E / 28.61389°N 77.20889°E / 28.61389; 77.20889
Employees1,443,921[1][2] (active personnel) (2016)

1,155,000[3] (reserve personnel) (2012)

398,422[4] (civilian) (2014)
Annual budget₹525,166 crore (US$60 billion) (2022–23)[5]
Minister responsible
Deputy Minister responsible
Ministry executives
Child agencies
Websitemod.gov.in
India
Emblem of India.svg
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
India
Federal government
Legislature
Parliament of India
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
  • General elections
Political parties
National coalitions
Federalism

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) (Hindi: रक्षा मन्त्रालय) is charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the ceremonial commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the country. The Ministry of Defence provides policy framework and resources to the armed forces to discharge their responsibility in the context of the defence of the country. The Indian Armed Forces (including Indian Army, Indian Air Force, Indian Navy) and Indian Coast Guard under the Ministry of Defence are primarily responsible for ensuring the territorial integrity of India. As of Statista, It is the biggest employer in the world[9] with 2.92 million employers.[10][11][12]

At present, the undergoing new creation of National Defence University, for training of military officials and concerned civilian officials, will be administered and overseen by the Ministry. The Ministry organises and runs Republic Day celebrations and parade every year in January, hosting a chief guest. The Ministry has the largest budget among the federal departments of India and currently stands third in military expenditure in the world,[13][14][15] among countries of the world.[16]

History[edit]

A Military Department was created in the Supreme Government of the English East India Company at Kolkata in the year 1776, having the main function to sift and record orders relating to the Army issued by various Departments of the Government of East India Company. The Military Department initially functioned as a branch of the Public Department and maintained a list of Army personnel.[17]

With the Charter Act 1833, the Secretariat of the Government of the East India Company was reorganised into four departments, each headed by a secretary to the Government.[17] The armies in the presidencies of Bengal, Bombay and Madras functioned as the respective presidency armies until April 1895, when the presidency armies were unified into a single Indian Army. For administrative convenience, it was divided into four commands: Punjab (including the North West Frontier), Bengal (including Burma), Madras and Bombay (including Sindh, Quetta and Aden).[17]

The supreme authority over the Indian Army was vested in the Governor General-in-Council, subject to the control of the Crown, which was exercised by the Secretary of State for India. Two members in the council were responsible for military affairs. One was the Military Member, who supervised all administrative and financial matters. The other was the commander-in-chief who was responsible for all operational matters.[17] The Military Department was abolished in March 1906 and was replaced by two separate departments; the Army Department and the Military Supply Department. In April 1909 the Military Supply Department was abolished and its functions were taken over by the Army Department. The Army Department was redesignated as the Defence Department in January 1938. The Department of Defence became the Ministry of Defence under a cabinet minister in August 1947.[17]

Post independences changes[edit]

The functions of MoD which in 1947 was mainly logistic support to the armed forces, has undergone far reaching changes. In November 1962, following the 1962 war, a Department of Defence Production was set-up to deal with research, development and production of defence equipment. In November 1965, the Department of Defence Supplies was created for planning and execution of schemes for import substitution of requirements for defence purposes. These two Departments were later merged to form the Department of Defence Production and Supplies.

The Defence Minister, Rajnath Singh addressing an Atmanirbhar Bharat Defence Industry Outreach Webinar, jointly organised by the Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers (SIDM), the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) and Department of Defence Production (DDP), Ministry of Defence (MoD), in New Delhi on 27 August 2020. Also seen are General Bipin Rawat, General Manoj Mukund Naravane, Admiral Karambir Singh, Air Chief Marshal R.K.S. Bhadauria, the Defence Secretary, Ajay Kumar, the Secretary (Defence Production) and the Secretary, Raj Kumar, Department of Defence R&D and chairman, DRDO, G. Satheesh Reddy.

In 1980, the Department of Defence Research and Development was created. In January 2004, the Department of Defence Production and Supplies was renamed the Department of Defence Production. A Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister was appointed to advise on scientific aspects of military equipment and the research and design of defence forces equipment. The Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare was created in 2004.[citation needed]

Organisation[edit]

Departments[edit]

The Ministry of Defence consists of five departments; Department of Defence (DoD), Department of Military Affairs (DMA), Department of Defence Production (DDP), Department of Defence Research and Development (DRDO), and Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (DESW). The Defence Secretary of India functions as head of the Department of Defence,[18][19] and is additionally responsible for coordinating the activities of the departments in the ministry.[18][19]

The principal functions of all the departments are as follows:

Universities and institutes[edit]

Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Defence Institute of Psychological Research and National Defence University come under administration and purview of the Ministry of Defence.

Inter-services organisations[edit]

[19]

Integrated Defence Staff[edit]

Main article: Integrated Defence Staff

To ensure a high degree of synergy between the Armed forces, the Government has set up the Integrated Defence Staff, headed by the Chief of Integrated Defence Staff as the chairman. It was created on 1 October 2001 based on the recommendations of the Group of Ministers which was set up in 2000 (post-Kargil) to review India's defence management.[28] It acts as the point organisation for integration of policy, doctrine, war-fighting and procurement by employing best management practices. The chairman of Integrated Defences Staff is a 4-star General (or his equivalent in the Air Force or the Navy).

The first Chief of Defence Staff was General Bipin Rawat, who took over on 1 January 2020.[29]

Chiefs of Staff Committee[edit]

"Chiefs of Staff are the authority for advising the Defence Minister and normally through him the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs on all military matters which require ministerial consideration". The Integrated Defence Staff is '"the principal arm and Secretariat to the Chiefs of Staff Committee".[30][31]

Composition[edit]

The Chiefs of Staff Committee is composed of: (a) Chief of the Army Staff (COAS); (b) Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS); (c) Chief of the Air Staff (CAS); and (d) Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) (non-voting member). The Scientific Adviser to the Minister of Defence is invited to attend whenever needed.[30]

The senior most member of the COSC is appointed its chairperson. General Bipin Rawat was the last head of COSC.[32]

The position of COSC has ceased to exit with the creation of Chief of Defence Staff.

General Bipin Rawat was appointed the first Chief of Defence Staff in 2019. He died in a helicopter crash on 8 December 2021.

Role[edit]

The responsibility for national defence "rests with the Cabinet, which is discharged through the Ministry of Defence, which provides the policy framework and wherewithal to the Armed Forces to discharge their responsibilities in the context of the defence of the country. The Raksha Mantri (Defence Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Defence."[17]

The Defence Ministry is responsible for "obtaining policy directions of the Government on all defence and security related matters" and communicating these directions to "Services Headquarters, Inter-Services Organisations, Production Establishments and Research and Development Organisations".[17] The MoD works closely with the National Security Council, Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Ministers[edit]

MoD is headed by the Minister of Defence, who is supported by one, or more than one, minister of state.[17]

Minister Designation Portfolio
Rajnath Singh Minister of Defence Overall responsibility.
Ajay Bhatt Minister of State for Defence Charter of duties includes secondary logistic and administrative functions.

Senior officials[edit]

There are about 400,000 defence civilians, under the MOD including Ministry of Finance personnel attached to MOD. In 2015–16 Defence pension bill was ₹54,500 crore (equivalent to ₹630 billion or US$7.2 billion in 2019) of which about 36 per cent was on account of defence civilians.[66]

Defence Secretary, other senior officials and Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister[edit]

See also: Defence Secretary (India) and Defence Production Secretary

The ministers are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and military advisers.

The Defence Secretary as head of the Department of Defence,[18] is the senior most civil servant in the ministry and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the four departments in the ministry.[18] His/her role is to ensure that the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government.[33][34][18] Defence Secretary is assisted by additional secretaries and joint secretaries to Government of India posted in the ministry. The Defence Secretary, generally, is an officer from the Indian Administrative Service, apart from the Defence Secretary, there are three other secretary-level posts in the Ministry of Defence.

Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister plays a key role in formulation of research and development policies and promoting self-reliance in Indian defence industries.

Senior officials in the Ministry of Defence[35][36][37][38]
Name Designation
Ajay Kumar, IAS Defence Secretary
Subhash Garg, IAS Secretary (Defence Production)
Sanjeevanee Kutty, IAS Secretary (Ex-servicemen Welfare)
G. Satheesh Reddy[39] Secretary (Defence Research and Development) and chairman, DRDO
Sanjiv Mittal, IDAS Financial Adviser (Defence Services), Ministry of Defence
Pankaj Agrawal, IAS Director General (Acquisition) and Additional Secretary
Subhash Chandra, IAS Additional Secretary
Jiwesh Nandan, IAS Additional Secretary (JN)
Barun Mitra, IAS Additional Secretary (Defence Production)
Mala Dutt, IES Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser (Acquisition)
Major General V. D. Vogra Director General (Resettlement)
Major General Ashok Kumar Managing Director, Ex-servicemen Contributory Health Scheme
Major General H. S. Shanbhag Technical Manager (Land Systems)
Rear Admiral R. Sreenivas Technical Manager (Maritime and Systems)
Air Vice Marshal Vishwas Gaur, VM Technical Manager (Air)
G. Satheesh Reddy Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister

Civil services under MoD[edit]

Civil Services under the Ministry of Defence
S. No. Name of service Group
1 Indian Naval Material Management Service A
2 Border Roads Engineering Service A
3 Defence Aeronautical Quality Assurance Service A
4 Defence Quality Assurance Service A
5 Defence Research and Development Service A
6 Indian Defence Accounts Service A
7 Indian Defence Contract Management Service A
8 Indian Defence Estates Service A
9 Indian Defence Service of Engineers A
10 Indian Naval Armament Service A
11 Indian Ordnance Factories Service A
12 Indian Ordnance Factories Health Service A
13 Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services B

Finance Division[edit]

The Finance Division of the Ministry of Defence is headed by the Financial Adviser (Defence Services). He or she exercises financial control over proposals involving expenditure from the Defence Budget and is responsible for the internal audit and accounting of defence expenditure. In the latter tasks, he or she is assisted by the Controller General of Defence Accounts.

Chiefs of the tri-services and Defence Staff[edit]

In 1955, the title of Commander-in-Chief was abolished and the three service chiefs were designated as the Chief of the Army Staff, the Chief of the Naval Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. The heads of the three services of Indian Armed Forces are:

Vice Chiefs of the tri-services[edit]

Initiatives[edit]

SRIJAN portal[edit]

The SRIJAN is a portal launched by MoD in order to take up the products imported for indigenization. According to Ministry; it displays defence products that have been imported recently and will tag with the Defence Public sector undertakings, Ordinance Factory Board and others in order to push for its domestic manufacturing for exports in future.[40]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Press Information Bureau". Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  2. ↑ "20% Sailor Shortage in Navy, 15% Officer Posts Vacant In Army, Nirmala Sitharaman Tells Parliament". 27 December 2017.
  3. ↑ IISS 2012, pp. 243–248
  4. ↑ "Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India" (PDF). Seventh Central Pay Commission, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
  5. ↑ Pandit, Rajat (1 February 2022). "defence: Strong push for indigenous weapons amidst modest hike in defence budget". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  6. ↑ "Defence Secretary of R&D DRDO- Defence secretary R&D". Drdo.gov.in. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  7. ↑ "DRDO". Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  8. ↑ "Defence Secretary of R&D DRDO". Drdo.gov.in. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  9. ↑ "Indian Defence Ministry : नौकरी देने में रक्षा मंत्रालय दुनियाभर में सबसे आगे, अमेरिका व चीन भी पीछे". Amar Ujala (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  10. ↑ "The World's Biggest Employers". Statista Infographics. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  11. ↑ "India's Ministry of Defence is the world's biggest employer with 2.92 million people: Report". Times Now. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  12. ↑ "With 2.92 million people, Indian defence ministry is world's biggest employer". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  13. ↑ Behera, Laxman K. (2 February 2018). "Defence Budget 2018-19: The Imperative of Controlling Manpower Cost". Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  14. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (1 February 2018). "Modest hike in defence budget, pensions see sharp rise". The Hindu. New Delhi. ISSN 0971-751X. OCLC 13119119. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  15. ↑ Pandit, Rajat (1 February 2018). "Budget 2018: Govt hikes defence budget by 7.81%, but it's just 1.58% of GDP & lowest since 1962". The Times of India. New Delhi. OCLC 23379369. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  16. ↑ Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (April 2017). "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2016" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 "ABOUT THE MINISTRY". Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 "About DoD". Department of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 "Annual Report (2016-17)" (PDF). Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  20. ↑ "Cabinet Secretariat Notification" (PDF). Gazette of India. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  21. ↑ "Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 (As Amended up to 31st January, 2017)" (PDF). Gazette of India. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  22. ↑ "Cabinet approves creation of the post of Chief of Defence Staff in the rank of four star General". Press Information Bureau. 24 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  23. ↑ "Govt sets up Dept of Military Affairs to be headed by Chief of Defence Staff". Hindustan Times. 24 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  24. ↑ "Cabinet Secretariat Notification" (PDF). Gazette of India. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  25. ↑ "About The DDP". Department of Defence Production, Government of India. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  26. ↑ "Genesis & Growth". Defence Research and Development Organization, Government of India. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  27. ↑ "About DESW". Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare, Government of India. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  28. ↑ "About IDS > History". Integrated Defence Staff. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  29. ↑ "Lt Gen Satish Dua takes over as CISC". Press Information Bureau of India. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "THE CHIEFS OF STAFF COMMITTEE". Integrated Defence Staff. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  31. ↑ "Welcome message from Chief of Integrated Defence Staff". Integrated Defence Staff. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  32. ↑ "Air Chief Marshal Dhanoa gets baton of COSC chief". The Hindu. 29 May 2019.
  33. ↑ "ABOUT THE MINISTRY". Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  34. ↑ "Who is Who: Organisation Structure and officers of the Ministry of Defence of Republic of India". Minister of Defence. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  35. ↑ "Who's Who". Department of Defence, Ministry of Defence Government of India. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  36. ↑ "Who's Who". Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  37. ↑ "Who's Who". Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  38. ↑ "Dr G. Satheesh Reddy, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman, DRDO". Defence Research and Development Organisation, Department of Defence Research and Development, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  39. ↑ "DRDO's new chief Satheesh Reddy has his job cut out".
  40. ↑ "rajnath-singh-launches-online-portal-srijan-to-promote-indigenisation-in-defence-production". Retrieved 2 September 2020.

External links[edit]

Template:Defence Ministry of India

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