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{{Short description|City in Haryana, India}} | |||
{{other uses}} | {{other uses}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=December 2014}} | {{More citations needed|date=December 2014}} | ||
| Line 4: | Line 5: | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Karnal | ||
| other_name | | other_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | ||
| nickname | | nickname = | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = [[Metropolitan City]] | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | ||
| photo1a = Karnal 2.jpg | | photo1a = Karnal 2.jpg | ||
| spacing = 2 | | spacing = 2 | ||
| Line 16: | Line 17: | ||
| size = 250 | | size = 250 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = Clockwise from top right; | ||
K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower. | K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower. | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India Haryana#India | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Haryana]], India | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|29.686|N|76.989|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = [[Country]] | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Karnal district|Karnal]] | ||
| subdivision_type3 | | subdivision_type3 = [[Regions of India|Region]] | ||
| subdivision_name3 | | subdivision_name3 = [[North India]] | ||
| established_title | | established_title = | ||
| established_date | | established_date = | ||
| founder | | founder = Raja [[Karna]] | ||
| named_for | | named_for = [[Karna]] | ||
| government_type | | government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| governing_body | | governing_body = [http://mckarnal.org/ Municipal Corporation Karnal] | ||
| leader_title1 | | leader_title1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Chief Minister]] | ||
| leader_name1 | | leader_name1 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] | ||
| leader_title2 | | leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament]] | ||
| leader_name2 | | leader_name2 = [[Sanjay Bhatia]] | ||
| leader_title3 | | leader_title3 = [[Mayor]] | ||
| leader_name3 | | leader_name3 = Renu Bala Gupta | ||
| unit_pref | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_footnotes = <ref name='mckarnal'>{{cite web|title=Karnal City|url=http://mckarnal.org/|access-date=7 April 2016|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101054058/http://www.mckarnal.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| area_rank | | area_rank = | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = 87 | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = | ||
| population_total | | population_total = 357,334<ref name='mckarnal'/><ref name="auto" /> | ||
| population_as_of | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_rank | | population_rank = | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = | ||
| population_demonym | | population_demonym = | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| postal_code | | postal_code = 132001 | ||
| area_code_type | | area_code_type = | ||
| area_code | | area_code = 0184 | ||
| demographics_type1 | | demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 15 November 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref> | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] | ||
| registration_plate = HR-05 | |||
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Literacy#India|literacy rate]] | |||
| blank_info_sec1 = 84.60%<ref name="auto"/> | |||
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | |||
| registration_plate | | blank1_info_sec1 = 996/1000 [[Female]]/[[Male]] | ||
| blank_name_sec1 | | website = {{URL|karnal.gov.in/}} | ||
| blank_info_sec1 | | footnotes = | ||
| blank1_name_sec1 | | official_name = | ||
| blank1_info_sec1 | |||
| website | |||
| footnotes | |||
| official_name | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Karnal''' ({{Audio|Karnal.ogg|pronunciation}} is a city | |||
'''Karnal''' ({{Audio|Karnal.ogg|pronunciation}} is a city located in the state of [[Haryana]], India and is the administrative headquarters of [[Karnal District]]. It was used by [[East India Company]] army as a refuge during the [[1857 Mutiny|Indian Rebellion of 1857]] in [[Delhi]]. The [[Battle of Karnal]] between [[Nader Shah]] of Persia and the [[Mughal Empire]] took place in this city in 1739.<ref name="HistoryAboutKarnal">{{cite web|url=https://karnal.gov.in/history/#:~:text=The%20city%20of%20Karnal%2C%20said,themselves%20at%20Karnal%20in%201785.|title=History about the city of Karnal|access-date=2022-02-07|website=Government of Karnal|language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Etymology== | |||
The city associates itself with the character [[Karna]] from the Indian epic [[Mahabharata]].<ref name=Karna>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/people/king-karna-returns-to-his-land-karnal/496282.html King Karna returns to his land — Karnal. Mythology inspires ambitions, a larger-than-life portrayal of past events in order to add awe, plus a few nickels to the government kitty by way of tourism.]</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
{{More citations needed|date=October 2021}} | |||
=== Ancient === | === Ancient === | ||
At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the [[Vardhanas]] of [[Thanesar]].<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |chapter=Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.|editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3, Part I: A.D. 300-985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRBuAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |oclc=34008529 }}</ref> The 7th century was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under [[Kannauj|Kanauji]] rule under the [[Pala Empire|Pala]] Emperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority of [[Mihira Bhoja]], the [[Pratihara]] ruler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.<ref name=history/> | |||
At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the [[Vardhanas]] of [[Thanesar]].<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Ganguly |chapter=Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.|editor=R. C. Majumdar |editor-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3, Part I: A.D. 300-985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRBuAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |oclc=34008529 }}</ref> The 7th century was a period of eclecticism | |||
=== Medieval === | === Medieval === | ||
The [[Tomara dynasty|Tomaras]] descending from Raja | The [[Tomara dynasty|Tomaras]], a dynasty descending from Raja Jaala, established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=H. A. Phadke |title=Haryana, Ancient and Medieval |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxlIAAAAIAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Harman |isbn=978-81-85151-34-2 }}</ref> About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratyahara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, [[Anangpal Tomar|Amanpal Tomar]], found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chauhan's of Shakambhari]], but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha mana [[Vigraharaja IV|Vighnaraja IV]].<ref>{{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}</ref> The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests of [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud of Ghazi]]. The region then came under [[Ghurid]] rule after the [[Second Battle of Tarain|Second Battle of Tarani]] when [[Muhammad Ghori]] captured the area. It remained under the [[Delhi Sultanate]] until 1526. | ||
In 1526 at the [[First Battle of Panipat]], Mughal emperor [[Babur]] defeated [[Ibrahim | In 1526 at the [[First Battle of Panipat]], Mughal emperor [[Babur]] defeated the Sultan of [[Delhi]], [[Ibrahim Lodi]], and captured India along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established the [[Mughal Empire]]. | ||
Karnal is listed in the Mughal [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under Delhi [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]], producing a revenue of 5,678,242 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=286 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> | Karnal is listed in the Mughal [[Ain-i-Akbari]] as a [[pargana]] under Delhi [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]], producing a revenue of 5,678,242 [[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |last2=Jarrett |first2=Henry Sullivan (translator) |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=286 |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> | ||
{{main|Battle of Karnal}} | {{main|Battle of Karnal}} | ||
[[Image:The Daria-e Noor (Sea of Light) Diamond from the collection of the national jewels of Iran at Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran.jpg | [[Image:The Daria-e Noor (Sea of Light) Diamond from the collection of the national jewels of Iran at Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran.jpg|175px|thumb|[[Daria-i-Noor]] diamond was seized by Persia's Nader Shah from the Mughal dynasty following the Battle of Karnal and subsequent sack of Delhi (1739)]] | ||
In A.D. 1739, [[Nader Shah|Nader Shah of Persia]] [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire|invaded the Mughal empire]] and Karnal was the scene of the famed [[Battle of Karnal]] in which Nader Shah decisively defeated Mughal Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]].<ref name=Shah>[[Michael Axworthy|Axworthy, Michael]] (2009)</ref> Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission.<ref name=Shah/> The tactical defeat drastically weakened the [[Mughal Empire]], while the [[Afsharid Empire|Persian Empire]] prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the [[British Empire]] in India. | In A.D. 1739, [[Nader Shah|Nader Shah of Persia]] [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire|invaded the Mughal empire]] and Karnal was the scene of the famed [[Battle of Karnal]], in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor, [[Muhammad Shah]].<ref name=Shah>[[Michael Axworthy|Axworthy, Michael]] (2009)</ref> Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission.<ref name=Shah/> The tactical defeat drastically weakened the [[Mughal Empire]], while the [[Afsharid Empire|Persian Empire]] prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the [[British Empire]] in India. The region then came under [[Durrani Empire|Afghan]] rule. | ||
[[Sikh history|Sikhs]] appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of [[Jind State]] who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Miglani |title=Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kNN4i2dLF4C&pg=PA74 |isbn=81-7100-578-0}}</ref> On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed [[Zain Khan Sirhindi]], the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal. | [[Sikh history|Sikhs]] appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of [[Jind State]] who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.<ref>{{cite book |author=D. C. Miglani |title=Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends |publisher=Deep and Deep Publications |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kNN4i2dLF4C&pg=PA74 |isbn=81-7100-578-0}}</ref> On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed [[Zain Khan Sirhindi]], the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal. | ||
=== Modern === | === Modern === | ||
During the [[Indian independence movement]], a district political conference was organized at Karnal with [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] as its chairman. | During the [[Indian independence movement]], a district political conference was organized at Karnal with [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] as its chairman. | ||
==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
| Line 221: | Line 221: | ||
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref> | | access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Demographics== | |||
== | The population of the city as of 2011, is 357,334<ref name='mckarnal'/><ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Karnal (M Cl)|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=65024|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref> | ||
[[File:DiwaliKarnal.JPG|thumb|Houses During Diwali in Karnal]] | [[File:DiwaliKarnal.JPG|thumb|Houses During Diwali in Karnal]] | ||
Karnal | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ ''Religion in Karnal City | |||
|- | |||
! Religion | |||
! Population<br>(1911)<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1911-26575903/|title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables.|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|20}} | |||
! Percentage<br>(1911) | |||
! Population<br>(1941)<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|30}} | |||
! Percentage<br>(1941) | |||
|- | |||
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1941 census: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}} | |||
| 12,772 | |||
|{{Percentage | 12772 | 21961 | 2 }} | |||
| 20,462 | |||
|{{Percentage | 20462 | 37444 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] | |||
| 8,667 | |||
|{{Percentage | 8667 | 21961 | 2 }} | |||
| 15,844 | |||
|{{Percentage | 15844 | 37444 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] | |||
| 130 | |||
|{{Percentage | 130 | 21961 | 2 }} | |||
| 647 | |||
|{{Percentage | 647 | 37444 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] | |||
| 210 | |||
|{{Percentage | 210 | 21961 | 2 }} | |||
| 125 | |||
|{{Percentage | 125 | 37444 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| Others {{efn|Including [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], others, or not stated}} | |||
| 182 | |||
|{{Percentage | 182 | 21961 | 2 }} | |||
| 366 | |||
|{{Percentage | 366 | 37444 | 2 }} | |||
|- | |||
| '''Total Population''' | |||
| '''21,961''' | |||
|'''{{Percentage | 21961 | 21961 | 2 }}''' | |||
| '''37,444''' | |||
|'''{{Percentage | 37444 | 37444 | 2 }}''' | |||
|} | |||
== | ==Politics== | ||
{{ | The city is part of the [[Karnal Assembly constituency]] and [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] is the MLA from Karnal constituency.<ref>{{cite news |title=Manohar Lal Khattar in Karnal Election Results 2019: Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/manohar-lal-khattar-in-karnal-election-results-2019-live-updates-2358993.html |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=News18 |date=24 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
[[Sanjay Bhatia]] is the current elected MP from the [[Karnal Lok Sabha constituency]]. | |||
== | ==Facilities== | ||
Karnal | Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey named ''[[Swachh Survekshan|Swachh Survekshan 2019]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/cleanliness-survey-karnal-city-needs-toilets-to-improve-rank/744845.html |access-date=21 March 2019 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=17 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a ''smart city'' under the Union government's plan [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Khattar's Karnal tops list of smart cities |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/khattar-s-karnal-tops-list-of-smart-cities-110000 |access-date=29 January 2021 |work=Tribune |date=23 July 2015 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Karnal | |||
== | ==Education == | ||
* [[ | * [[National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education – NDRI-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University) |url=http://ndri.res.in/educations/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
* [[ | * [[St. Theresa's Convent Sr. Sec. School]].<ref name="stcs">[http://www.stcskarnal.com], official website.</ref> | ||
* [[Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College]].<ref name="kcgmc">[https://www.kcgmckarnal.org/kalpana-chawla-government-medical-college/ Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College]</ref> | |||
* [[Pratap Public School]].<ref name="pps">[https://www.pratappublicschool.com], official website.</ref> | |||
* | * [[Maharana Pratap Horticultural University]].<ref name="mhu1">[http://www.mhu.ac.in Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal], official website.</ref> | ||
* [[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya University of Health Sciences]]. | |||
==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | |||
*[[Anish Bhanwala]], Indian [[Shooting sports|shooter]]. He was brought up in Karnal, [[Haryana]] and competes in the [[25 meter rapid fire pistol]], [[25 meter pistol]], and [[25 meter standard pistol]] events.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/anish-wins-india-s-3rd-individual-gold-in-jr-world-cup-118032600375_1.html |work=Business Standard India |date=26 March 2018}}</ref> | |||
* [[Kalpana Chawla]], first Indo-American woman astronaut. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members that died in the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster]]<ref name="firstpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|title=Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project|date=28 August 2015}}</ref> | * [[Kalpana Chawla]], first Indo-American woman astronaut. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members that died in the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster]]<ref name="firstpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html|title=Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project|date=28 August 2015}}</ref> | ||
* [[ | * [[Vikramjeet Virk]] A Bollywood Actor. He Was Born in 1984 Village Tharwa Majra Of Karnal. He’s Well Renowned Actor Working in Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu Films. | ||
*[[ | * [[Mool Chand Jain]], a leader of the Indian Independence movement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Babu Mool Chand Jain Comprehensive Archives|url=http://moolchandjain.org}}</ref> | ||
*[[ | * General [[Arthur Power Palmer]], [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief]] of [[British India|India]] was born in 1840 | ||
* [[Navdeep Saini]], Indian cricketer | * [[Navdeep Saini]], Indian cricketer | ||
== Notes == | |||
{{Notelist}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Haryana}} | {{Haryana}} | ||
{{Forts of Haryana}} | {{Forts of Haryana}} | ||
[[Category:Karnal| ]] | [[Category:Karnal| ]] | ||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Karnal district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Karnal district]] | ||
[[Category:Smart cities in India]] | [[Category:Smart cities in India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:29, 22 July 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2014) |
Karnal | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise from top right;
K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower. | |
  Karnal Location in Haryana, India  Karnal Karnal (India) | |
| Coordinates: 29°41′10″N 76°59′20″E / 29.686°N 76.989°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Karnal |
| Region | North India |
| Founded by | Raja Karna |
| Named for | Karna |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Municipal Corporation Karnal |
| • MLA, Chief Minister | Manohar Lal Khattar |
| • Member of Parliament | Sanjay Bhatia |
| • Mayor | Renu Bala Gupta |
| Area | |
| • Total | 87 km2 (34 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 357,334[1][2] |
| Languages[3][4] | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 132001 |
| Area code | 0184 |
| Vehicle registration | HR-05 |
| literacy rate | 84.60%[2] |
| Sex ratio | 996/1000 Female/Male |
| Website | karnal |
Karnal (
pronunciation (help·info) is a city located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. It was used by East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between Nader Shah of Persia and the Mughal Empire took place in this city in 1739.[5]
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The city associates itself with the character Karna from the Indian epic Mahabharata.[6]
History[edit | edit source]
| This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2021) |
Ancient[edit | edit source]
At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the Vardhanas of Thanesar.[7] The 7th century was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under Kanauji rule under the Pala Emperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority of Mihira Bhoja, the Pratihara ruler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.[8]
Medieval[edit | edit source]
The Tomaras, a dynasty descending from Raja Jaala, established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century.[8] About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratyahara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, Amanpal Tomar, found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the Chauhan's of Shakambhari, but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha mana Vighnaraja IV.[9] The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests of Mahmud of Ghazi. The region then came under Ghurid rule after the Second Battle of Tarani when Muhammad Ghori captured the area. It remained under the Delhi Sultanate until 1526.
In 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat, Mughal emperor Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, and captured India along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established the Mughal Empire.
Karnal is listed in the Mughal Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 5,678,242 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.[10]
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In A.D. 1739, Nader Shah of Persia invaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famed Battle of Karnal, in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor, Muhammad Shah.[11] Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission.[11] The tactical defeat drastically weakened the Mughal Empire, while the Persian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the British Empire in India. The region then came under Afghan rule.
Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size.[12] On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.
Modern[edit | edit source]
During the Indian independence movement, a district political conference was organized at Karnal with Lala Lajpat Rai as its chairman.
Climate[edit | edit source]
| Climate data for Karnal (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
37.5 (99.5) |
45.2 (113.4) |
46.0 (114.8) |
45.6 (114.1) |
43.9 (111.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.3 (102.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
46.0 (114.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
35.3 (95.5) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.9 (100.2) |
33.9 (93.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.4 (81.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.2 (73.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.4 (65.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 26.7 (1.05) |
24.8 (0.98) |
17.8 (0.70) |
8.4 (0.33) |
24.2 (0.95) |
65.7 (2.59) |
171.8 (6.76) |
157.5 (6.20) |
115.9 (4.56) |
3.5 (0.14) |
1.9 (0.07) |
9.0 (0.35) |
627.1 (24.69) |
| Average rainy days | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 33.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 64 | 58 | 51 | 31 | 33 | 44 | 67 | 73 | 68 | 54 | 53 | 60 | 55 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[13][14] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit | edit source]
The population of the city as of 2011, is 357,334[1][2]
| Religion | Population (1911)[15]:20 |
Percentage (1911) |
Population (1941)[16]:30 |
Percentage (1941) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hinduism  [lower-alpha 1]
|
12,772 | 58.16% | 20,462 | 54.65% |
Islam 
|
8,667 | 39.47% | 15,844 | 42.31% |
Sikhism 
|
130 | 0.59% | 647 | 1.73% |
Christianity 
|
210 | 0.96% | 125 | 0.33% |
| Others [lower-alpha 2] | 182 | 0.83% | 366 | 0.98% |
| Total Population | 21,961 | 100% | 37,444 | 100% |
Politics[edit | edit source]
The city is part of the Karnal Assembly constituency and Manohar Lal Khattar is the MLA from Karnal constituency.[17]
Sanjay Bhatia is the current elected MP from the Karnal Lok Sabha constituency.
Facilities[edit | edit source]
Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey named Swachh Survekshan 2019.[18]
Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Union government's plan Smart Cities Mission.[19]
Education[edit | edit source]
- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal.[20]
- St. Theresa's Convent Sr. Sec. School.[21]
- Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College.[22]
- Pratap Public School.[23]
- Maharana Pratap Horticultural University.[24]
- Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya University of Health Sciences.
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- Anish Bhanwala, Indian shooter. He was brought up in Karnal, Haryana and competes in the 25 meter rapid fire pistol, 25 meter pistol, and 25 meter standard pistol events.[25]
- Kalpana Chawla, first Indo-American woman astronaut. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members that died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster[26]
- Vikramjeet Virk A Bollywood Actor. He Was Born in 1984 Village Tharwa Majra Of Karnal. He’s Well Renowned Actor Working in Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu Films.
- Mool Chand Jain, a leader of the Indian Independence movement.[27]
- General Arthur Power Palmer, Commander-in-Chief of India was born in 1840
- Navdeep Saini, Indian cricketer
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1941 census: Including Ad-Dharmis
- ↑ Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, others, or not stated
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Karnal City". Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Karnal (M Cl)". censusindia.gov.in. Government of India. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 85–86. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ↑ IANS (28 January 2010). "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ↑ "History about the city of Karnal". Government of Karnal. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ↑ King Karna returns to his land — Karnal. Mythology inspires ambitions, a larger-than-life portrayal of past events in order to add awe, plus a few nickels to the government kitty by way of tourism.
- ↑ D. C. Ganguly (1981). "Western India in the Sixth Century A.D.". In R. C. Majumdar (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India. Vol. 3, Part I: A.D. 300-985. Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. OCLC 34008529.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 H. A. Phadke (1990). Haryana, Ancient and Medieval. Harman. ISBN 978-81-85151-34-2.
- ↑ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. OCLC 11038728.
- ↑ Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak; Jarrett, Henry Sullivan (translator) (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 286. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
{{cite book}}:|first2=has generic name (help) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 Axworthy, Michael (2009)
- ↑ D. C. Miglani (1993). Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends. Deep and Deep Publications. ISBN 81-7100-578-0.
- ↑ "Station: Karnal Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 395–396. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M65. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE". Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ↑ "Manohar Lal Khattar in Karnal Election Results 2019: Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP Wins". News18. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ↑ "Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank". The Tribune. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ↑ "Khattar's Karnal tops list of smart cities". Tribune. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ↑ "Education – NDRI-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University)". Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- ↑ [1], official website.
- ↑ Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College
- ↑ [2], official website.
- ↑ Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, official website.
- ↑ "Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 26 March 2018.
- ↑ "Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project". 28 August 2015.
- ↑ "Babu Mool Chand Jain Comprehensive Archives".
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