List of Indian monarchs

The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents.

Early later documented rulers and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent are included in this list.

Heheya Kingdom

Main article: Heheya Kingdom

• Maharaj Adarsh
• Maharaj Ayu
• Maharaj Nahusha
• Maharaj Yayati
• Maharaj Yadu
• Maharaj Sahasrajit
• Maharaj Shatjit
• Maharaj Haihay –  (Founder of Heheya Kingdom)
• Maharaj Dharma
• Maharaj Dharmnetra
• Maharaj Kuntiraj
• Maharaj Sahjit
• Maharaj Mahishman – (Founder of Mahismati)
• Maharaj Bhadrasen
• Maharaj Durdabh
• Maharaj Dhhannaka
• Maharaj Kritvirya Arjuna
• Maharaj Sahasrarjun
• Maharaj Veersen (Jaydhvaj)

Later they were divided among different sub-castes which include Kansara, Kasera, Tamrakar, Thathera, Tambat and many more.

Medieval Haihayas

A number of early medieval dynasties, which include the Kalachuri and Mushika Kingdom of Kerala, claimed their descent from the Haihayas.

Magadha dynasties

Main article: Magadha

This list includes the legendary kings of Magadha:

• King Magadha
• Parikshita
• Suhotra
• Chyavana
• Kriti
• Pratipa

Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700–682 BCE)

Main article: Brihadratha

• Brihadratha
• Jarasandha
• Sahadeva of Magadha
• Somadhi (1661–1603 BCE)
• Srutasravas (1603–1539 BCE)
• Ayutayus (1539–1503 BCE)
• Niramitra (1503–1463 BCE)
• Sukshatra (1463–1405 BCE)
• Brihatkarman ( 1405–1382 BCE)
• Senajit ( 1382–1332 BCE)
• Srutanjaya ( 1332–1292 BCE)
• Vipra (1292–1257 BCE)
• Suchi (1257–1199 BCE)
• Kshemya (1199–1171 BCE)
• Subrata (1171–1107BCE)
• Dharma ( 1107–1043 BCE)
• Susuma (1008–970 BCE)
• Dridhasena (970–912 BCE)
• Sumati (912–879 BCE)
• Subala (879–857 BCE)
• Sunita (857–817 BCE)
• Satyajit (817–767 BCE)
• Viswajit (767–732 BCE)
• Ripunjya (732–682 BCE)

(He was the last ruler of Brihadratha dynasty dethorned by Pradyota in 682 BCE)

Pradyota dynasty (c. 682–544 BCE)

Main article: Pradyota dynasty

• Pradyota Mahasena (682–659 BCE)
• Palaka (659–635 BCE)
• Visakhayupa (635–585 BCE)
• Ajaka (585–564 BCE)
• Varttivarddhana (564–544 BCE)

(last ruler of the Pradyota dynasty)

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544–413 BCE)

Main article: Haryanka dynasty

• Bimbisara (544–491 BCE)
• Ajatashatru (491–461 BCE)
• Udayin (461–428 BCE)
• Anirudha (428–419 BCE)
• Munda (419–417 BCE)
• Darshaka (417–415 BCE)
• Nāgadāsaka (415–413 BCE),

(last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty)

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413–345 BCE)

Main article: Shaishunaga dynasty

• Shishunaga (413–395 BCE),

(He was placed on the throne by the people who revolted against the Haryanka dynasty rule)

• Kalashoka (Kakavarna) (395–377 BCE)
• Kshemadharman (377–365 BCE)
• Kshatraujas (365–355 BCE)
• Nandivardhana (355–349 BCE)
• Mahanandin (349–345 BCE),

(His empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda)

Nanda dynasty (c. 345–322 BCE)

Main article: Nanda Empire

• Mahapadma Nanda (345–340 BCE),

(Son of Mahanandin, founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire)

• Pandhukananda (340–339 BCE)
• Panghupatinanda (339–338 BCE)
• Bhutapalananda (338–337 BCE)
• Rashtrapalananada (337–336 BCE)
• Govishanakananda (336–335 BCE)
• Dashasidkhakananda (335–334 BCE)
• Kaivartananda (334–333 BCE)
• Karvinathanand (333–330 BCE)
• Dhana Nanda (330–321 BCE)

(Agrammes, Xandrammes by Greeks), (lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him.)

Maurya dynasty (c. 322–185 BCE)

Main article: Maurya Empire

Ruler		Reign	Notes
Chandragupta Maurya	File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.png	321–297 BCE	Founder of First Indian United Empire
Bindusara Amitraghata		297–273 BCE	Known for his Foreign diplomacy
Ashoka		268–232 BCE	Greatest King of Maurya dynasty, His son, Kunala, was blinded, and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson.
Dasharatha Maurya		232–224 BCE	Grandson of Ashoka.
Samprati		224–215 BCE	Brother of Dasharatha.
Shalishuka		215–202 BCE
Devavarman		202–195 BCE
Shatadhanvan		195–187 BCE	The Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
Brihadratha		187–184 BCE	Assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga

Shunga Empire (c. 185–73 BCE)

Main article: Shunga Empire

• Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BCE),

(founded the dynasty after assassinating Brihadratha in 184 BCE)

• Agnimitra (149–141 BCE),

(Greatest of Sunga Emperors, extended empire up to Kashmir)

• Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BCE)
• Vasumitra (131–124 BCE)
• Andhraka (124–122 BCE)
• Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)
• Ghosha (119–116 BCE)
• Vajramitra (116–110 BCE)
• Bhagabhadra (c. 110 BCE),

(also mentioned by the Puranas)

• Devabhuti (83–73 BCE),

(last ruler of Shunga dynasty, dethroned by Vasudeva Kanva of Kanva dynasty)

Kanva dynasty (c. 73–26 BCE)

Main article: Kanva dynasty

• Vasudeva (75–66 BCE)
• Bhumimitra (66–52 BCE)
• Narayana (52–40 BCE)
• Susarman (40–26 BCE)

(Susarman was the last ruler of Kanva dynasty, dethroned by Simuka of Satavahan dynasty)

Ancient South Indian Kingdoms

Main articles: South India and List of Tamil monarchs

Tamilakam

Pandyan dynasty (c. 1100 BCE – 1650 CE)

Main article: Pandya dynasty

Early Pandyans

• Koon Pandiyan

(Earliest Known Pandyan king, dated 10th Century BCE)

• Nedunj Cheliyan I

(Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan) (he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi)

• Pudappandiyan
• Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
• Nedunj Cheliyan II

(Pasumpun Pandiyan)

• Nan Maran
• Nedunj Cheliyan III

(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)

• Maran Valudi
• Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
• Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

Middle Pandyans (c. 590 – 920 CE)

• Kadungon (590–620 CE)
• Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620–645 CE)
• Jayantavarman (c. 645–670 CE)
• Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)
• Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735 CE)
• Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
• Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
• Rasasingan II (790–800)
• Varagunan I (800–830)
• Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
• Varagunavarman II (862–880)
• Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
• Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)

Pandyans under Chola empire (c. 920 – 1216 CE)

• Sundara Pandyan I
• Vira Pandyan I
• Vira Pandyan II
• Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
• Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
• Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
• Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
• Jatavarman Chola Pandya
• Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
• Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
• Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
• Kulasekara Pandyan III
• Vira Pandyan III
• Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
• Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)

Pandalam Later Pandyans (c. 1212 – 1345 CE)

• Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
• Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
• Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
• Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
• Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
• Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
• Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
• Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)

Tenkasi Pandyans (c. 1422 – 1650 CE)

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

• Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan

(1422–1463)

• Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan

(1429–1473)

• Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan

(1473–1506)

• Kulasekara Pandyan

(1479–1499)

• Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan

(1534–1543)

• Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan

(1543–1552)

• Nelveli Maran

(1552–1564)

• Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan

(1564–1604)

• Varathunga Pandyan

(1588–1612)

• Varakunarama Pandyan

(1613–1618)

• Kollankondan

(1618–1650)

Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1530 CE)

Main article: Chera dynasty

Ancient Chera (c. 600 BCE – 400 CE)

• Uthiyan Cheralathan

(c.600–550 BCE)

• Antuvan Chera

(c.550–500 BCE)

• Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan

(c.450–410 BCE)

• Cheran Chenkutuvan

(c.410–375 BCE)

• Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan

(c.375–345 BCE)

• Poraiyan Kadungo

(c.345–300 BCE)

• Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral

(c.300–260 BCE)

• Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan

(c.260–225 BCE)

• Selvak-Kadungo

(c.225–200 BCE)

• Adukotpattu Cheralatan

(c.200–178 BCE)

• Kuttuvan Irumporai

(c.178–185 BCE)

• Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral

(c.185–145 BCE)

• Complete list of Kings were lost and last find list started with-
• Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral

(201–241 CE)

• Ilamcheral Irumporai

(241–257 CE)

• Perumkadungo

(257–287 CE)

• Ilamkadungo

(287–317 CE)

• Kanaikal Irumporai

(367–400 CE)

Kongu Cheras (Karur) (c. 400 – 844 CE)

Main article: Karur

• Ravi Kotha
• Kantan Ravi
• Vira Kotha
• Vira Narayana
• Vira Chola
• Vira Kerala
• Amara Bhujanga Deva
• Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva

Kodungallur Cheras (c. 844 – 1122 CE)

(The Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas)

• Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (844–870 CE)
  • Kulasekhara Alvar/Kulasekhara Varma
• Rama Rajasekhara (870–883 CE)
  • Cheraman Perumal Nayanar
• Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
• Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
• Kotha Ravi (905–943 CE)
• Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
• Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
• Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)
• Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)
• Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
• Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
• Rama Kulasekhara (1089–1122 CE)

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekhara) (c. 1090 – 1539 CE)

Main article: Kulasekhara

• Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
• Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
• Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
• Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
• Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
• Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
• Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
• Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
• Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
• Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
• Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
• Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
• Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
• Ravi Varma (1299–1313)
• Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
• Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
• Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
• Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
• Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
• Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
• Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
• Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
• Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
• Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
• Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
• Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
• Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
• Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
• Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
• Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)

Chola dynasty (c. 1100 BCE – 1280 CE)

Main article: Chola dynasty

Ancient Cholas

• Eri Oliyan Vaendhi (11th Century BCE)
• Maandhuvaazhi (10th Century BCE)
• El Mei Nannan (10th Century BCE)
• Keezhai Kinjuvan (9th Century BCE)
• Vazhisai Nannan (9th Century BCE)
• Mei Kiyagusi Aerru (9th Century BCE)
• Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru (8th Century BCE)
• Thizhagan Maandhi (8th Century BCE) BCE
• Maandhi Vaelan (8th Century BCE)
• Aai Adumban (7th Century BCE)

Early Cholas

• Ilamcetcenni

(c. 600–550 BCE)

• Karikala Chola

(c. 550–500 BCE)

• Nedunkilli

(c.500–455 BCE)

• Nalankilli

(c.455–410 BCE)

• Killivalavan

(c.410–375 BCE )

• Perunarkilli

(c.375–345 BCE)

• Kocengannan

(c.345–305 BCE)

Imperial Cholas (c. 848 – 1280 CE)

• Vijayalaya Chola (848–881)
• Aditya (871–907)
• Parantaka I (907–955)
• Gandaraditya (950–957)
• Arinjaya (956–957)
• Parantaka Chola II (957–970)
• Uttama Chola (973–985)
• Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014)
• Rajendra Chola I (1014–1018)
• Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054)
• Rajendra Chola II (1054–1063)
• Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070)
• Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070)
• Kulottunga Chola I (1071–1122)
• Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135)
• Kulottunga Chola II (1133–1150)
• Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163)
• Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178)
• Kulottunga Chola III (1178–1218)
• Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1246)
• Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the Cholas)

Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

Main article: Kingdom of Tambapanni

House of Vijaya (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

Main article: House of Vijaya

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Marriages	Claim
	Vijaya	? Sinhapura son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali	505 BC Tambapanni	543 BC	505 BC	Kuveni two children Pandu Princess	Founded Kingdom Marriage to Kuveni
	Upatissa (regent)	-	-	505 BC	504 BC		Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
	Panduvasdeva	-	-	504 BC	474 BC		Nephew of Vijaya
	Abhaya	-	-	474 BC	454 BC		Son of Panduvasdeva
	Tissa (regent)	-	-	454 BC	437 BC		Younger brother of Abhaya

Kalinga Empire

Main article: Kalinga (historical region)

First Kalinga dynasty (c. 1700 – 700 BCE)

According to Mahabharata and some Puranas, the prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of Kalinga, in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars. The Mahabharata also mentions one Srutayudha as the king of the Kalinga kingdom, who joined the Kaurava camp. In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, Sattabhu, have been mentioned.

• King Kalinga (founder of Kalinga Kingdom)
• King Odra (founder of Odra Kingdom)
• Srutayudha
• Srutayush
• Manimat
• Chitrangada
• Subahu
• Virasena
• Sudatta
• Sattabhu
• Nalikira
• Yavanaraj
• Dantavakkha or Dantavakhra
• Avakinnayo Karakandu
• Vasupala

Second Kalinga dynasty (c. 700 – 550 BCE)

This dynasty is mentioned in Chullakalinga Jataka and Kalingabodhi Jataka. The first king Kalinga I is said to have broken away from the Danda kingdom along with the kings of Asmaka and Vidarbha as its feudal states.

• Dandaki
• Kalinga I
• Mahakalinga
• Chullakalinga
• Kalinga II (c. 7th – 6th century BCE)

Unknown dynasty mentioned in Dathavamsha (c. 550 – 410 BCE)

• Brahmadatta (c. 5th century BCE)
• Kasiraja
• Sunanda
• Guhasiva

Solar dynasty of Kalinga (c. 410 – 380 BCE)

• Brahmaadittiya (c. 4th century BC)

His son, Prince Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya was exiled and as per Maldivian history, established the first kingdom Dheeva Maari and laid the foundation of the Adeetta dynasty.

Gonanda Kingdom of Kashmir

Main articles: Gonanda dynasty and Kashmir

Gonanda dynasty I (c. 1700 – 1182 BCE)

Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds between 1800 BCE – 1700 BCE.

• Gonanda I
• Damodara I
• Yashovati
• Gonanda II
• 35 kings (names lost)
• Lava
• Kusheshaya
• Khagendra
• Surendra
• Godhara
• Suvarna
• Janaka
• Shachinara
• Ashoka (Gonandiya)
• Jalauka
• Damodara II
• Abhimanyu I

Gonanditya dynasty (c. 1182 – 246 BCE)

The Gonanditya dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years.

Ruler	Reign	Ascension year	Notes
Gonanda III	35 years	1182 BCE	Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. (I.191) He belonged to Rama's lineage, and restored the Nāga rites
Vibhishana I	53 years, 6 months	1147 BCE
Indrajit	35 years	1094 BCE
Ravana	30 years, 6 months	–	A Shivalinga attributed to Ravana could still be seen at the time of Kalhana.
Vibhishana II	35 years, 6 months	1058 BCE
Nara I (Kinnara)	40 years, 9 months	1023 BCE	His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. He tried to abduct a Nāga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Because of this, the Nāga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire.
Siddha	60 years	983 BCE	Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nāga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle.
Utpalaksha	30 years, 6 months	923 BCE	Son of Siddha
Hiranyaksha	37 years, 7 months	893 BCE	Son of Utpalaksha
Hiranyakula	60 years	855 BCE	Son of Hiranyaksha
Vasukula (Mukula)	60 years	795 BCE	Son of Hiranyakula. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly Hunas) overran Kashmir.
Mihirakula	70 years	735 BCE	According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was Toramana. Kalhana mentions a king called Toramana, but places him much later, in Book 3. According to Kalhana, Mihirakula was a cruel ruler who ordered killings of a large number of people, including children, women and elders. He invaded the Sinhala Kingdom, and replaced their king with a cruel man. As he passed through Chola, Karnata and other kingdoms on his way back to Kashmir, the rulers of these kingdoms fled their capitals and returned only after he had gone away. On his return to Kashmir, he ordered killings of 100 elephants, who had been startled by the cries of a fallen elephant. Once, Mihirakula dreamt that a particular stone could be moved only by a chaste woman. He put this to test: the women who were unable to move the stone were killed, along with their husbands, sons and brothers. He was supported by some immoral Brahmins. In his old age, the king committed self-immolation.
Vaka (Baka)	63 years, 18 days	665 BCE	A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons.
Kshitinanda	30 years	602 BCE	The only surviving child of Vaka
Vasunanda	52 years, 2 months	572 BCE	"Originator of the science of love"
Nara II	60 years	520 BCE	Son of Vasunanda
Aksha	60 years	460 BCE	Son of Nara II
Gopaditya	60 years, 6 days	400 BCE	Son of Aksha. Gave lands to Brahmins. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-Sattvic diet); in their place, he brought others from foreign countries.
Gokarna	57 years, 11 months	340 BCE	Son of Gopaditya
Narendraditya I (Khingkhila)	36 years, 3 months, 10 days	282 BCE	Son of Gokarna
Yudhisthira I	34 years, 5 months, 1 day	246 BCE	Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule.

Kashmir Chiefs of Ujjani Kingdom (c. 246 BCE – 25 CE )

No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source. These kings ruled Kashmir for 192 years.

Ruler	Reign	Ascension year	Notes
Pratapaditya I	32 years	167 BCE	Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6).
Jalauka	32 years	135 BCE	Son of Pratapaditya
Tungjina I	36 years	103 BCE	Shared the administration with his queen. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. After his death, the queen committed sati. The couple died childless.
Vijaya	8 years	67 BCE	From a different dynasty than Tungjina.
Jayendra	37 years	59 BCE	Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10 years. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death.
Sandhimati	47 years	22 BCE	Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. He filled his court with rishis (sages), and spent his time in forest retreats. Therefore, his ministers replaced him with Meghavahana, a descendant of Yudhishthira I. He willingly gave up the throne.

Gonanda dynasty II (c. 25 – 561 CE)

Main article: Gonanda dynasty (II)

Ruler	Reign	Ascension year	Notes
Meghavahana	34 years	25 CE	Meghavahana was the son of Yudhisthira I's great grandson, who had been granted asylum by Gopaditya, the king of Gandhara. Meghavahana had been selected the husband of a Vaishnavite princess at a Swayamvara in another kingdom. The ministers of Kashmir brought him to Kashmir after Sandhimati proved to be an unwilling king. Meghavahana banned animal slaughter and compensated those who earned their living through hunting. He patrnozed Brahmins, and set up a monastery. His queens built Buddhist viharas and monasteries. He subdued kings in regions as far as Sinhala Kingdom, forcing them to abandon animal slaughter.
Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II)	30 years	59 CE	Son of Meghavahana
Hiranya	30 years, 2 months	89 CE	Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Hiranya died childless. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.
Matrigupta	4 years, 9 months, 1 day	120 CE	According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of Ujjayini defeated the Shakas, and made his friend and poet Matrigupta the ruler of Kashmir. After Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606–47 CE). The latter is identified with Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account. However, according to M. A. Stein, Kalhana's Vikramaditya is another Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account: a king of Malwa around 580 CE.
Pravarasena II	60 years	125 CE	Historical evidence suggests that a king named Pravarasena ruled Kashmir in the 6th century CE. According to Kalhana, Pravarasena subdued many other kings, in lands as far as Saurashtra. He restored the rule of Vikramaditya's son Pratapshila (alias Shiladitya), who had been expelled from Ujjain by his enemies. Pratapshila agreed to be a vassal of Pravarasena after initial resistance. He founded a city called Pravarapura, which is identified by later historians as the modern city of Srinagar on the basis topographical details.
Yudhishthira II	39 years, 8 months	185 CE	Son of Pravarasena
Narendraditya I (Lakshmana)	13 years	206 CE	Son of Yudhishthira II and Padmavati
Ranaditya I (Tungjina III)	300 years	219 CE	Younger brother of Narendraditya. His queen Ranarambha was an incarnation of Bhramaravasini. The Chola king Ratisena had found her among the waves, during an ocean worship ritual.
Vikramaditya	42 years	519 CE	Son of Ranaditya
Baladitya	36 years, 8 months	561 CE	Younger brother of Vikramaditya. He subdued several enemies. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama Kayastha caste.

Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500–535 BCE)

Main article: Gandhara Kingdom

Gandhara region centered around the Peshawar Valley and Swat river valley, though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus river to the Taxila region in Potohar Plateau and westwards into the Kabul and Bamiyan valleys in Afghanistan, and northwards up to the Karakoram range.

Known Gandhara rulers are-

• Subala
• Achala
• Kalikeya
• Suvala
• Shakuni
• Vrishaka
• Vrihadvala
• Gaya
• Gavaksha
• Vrishava
• Charmavat
• Arjava
• Suka
• Kulinda
• Nagnajit

Kuru Kingdom (c. 1400–345 BCE)

Main article: Kuru Kingdom

Rulers from (c. 1400–1200 BCE)

• Kuru II (King of Puru dynasty after whom the dynasty was named Kuruvansha and the kingdom was renamed from Puru dynasty to Kuru Kingdom. He had three sons, namely Vidhuratha I who became the ruler of Pratisthana, Vyushitaswa who died at a very young age, and Sudhanva, who became the ruler of Magadha. So Vidhuratha I became the king of Hastinapura.)
• Vidhuratha I
• Jahnu
• Suratha
• Vidhuratha II
• Sarvabhauma II
• Jayasena
• Radhika
• Ayutayu
• Akrodhana II
• Devaththi II
• Riksha III
• Dilipa
• Anaswan II
• Parikshit II
• Janamejaya III
• Bheemasena
• Prathishravas
• Pratipa
• Shantanu

(Bhishma was the youngest son of Shantanu and Ganga. Chitrāngada and Vichitravirya were the sons of Shantanu and Satyavati.)

• Vichitravirya

(Dhritarashtra II, Pandu and Vidura were the sons of Vichitravirya)

• Pandu
• Dhritarashtra II

(The Pandava were the five sons of Pandu and the Kaurava were the 100 sons of Dhritarashtra and Gandhari.)

Rulers from (c. 1200–345 BCE)

• Yudhishthira

(Yaudheya was the son of Yudhishthira and Devika. Ghatotkacha was the son of Bhima and Hidimbi, Abhimanyu was the son of Arjuna and Subhadra. Babruvahana was the son of Arjuna and Chitrāngadā. Iravan was the son of Arjuna and Ulupi. Niramitra was the son of Nakula and Karenumati. Suhotra was the son of Sahadeva and Queen Vijaya. Upapandava were the 5 sons of Pandava and Draupadi)

• Parikshit III (was the son of Abhimanyu.)
• Janamejaya III
• Satanika
• Ashwamedhatta
• Dwiteeyram
• Chatramal
• Chitrarath
• Dushtshailya
• Ugrasena
• Shoorsen
• Bhuvanpati
• Ranjeet
• Rikchak
• Sukdeva
• Narharidev
• Suchirath
• Shoorsen II
• Parvatsen
• Mehavi
• Soncheer
• Bheemdev
• Nriharidev
• Pooranmal
• Kardavi
• Alammik
• Udaipal
• Duvanmal
• Damat
• Bheempal
• Chemak (He was the last Kuru King dethroned by Mahapadma Nanda in 345 BCE.)

Satavahana dynasty (c. 230 BCE – 220 CE)

Main article: Satavahana dynasty

The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 230 BCE to 220 CE. Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE. It lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see Satavahana dynasty#List of rulers):

• Simuka Satavahana (c. 230–207 BCE)
• Kanha Satavahana (c. 207–189 BCE)
• Malia Satakarni (c. 189–179 BCE)
• Purnothsanga (c. 179–161 BCE)
• Shathakarni (c. 179–133 BCE)
• Lambodara Satavahana (c. 87–67 BCE)
• Hāla (c. 20–24 CE)
• Mandalaka (c. 24–30 CE)
• Purindrasena (c. 30–35 CE)
• Sundara Satakarni (c. 35–36 CE)
• Cakora Satakarni (c. 36 CE)
• Mahendra Satkarni (c. 36–65 CE)
• Gautamiputra Satakarni (c. 106–130 CE)
• Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (c. 130–158 CE)
• Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158–170 CE)
• Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170–220 CE)

Mahameghavahana dynasty (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)

Main article: Mahameghavahana dynasty

Mahamegha Vahana was the founder of the Kalingan Chedi or Cheti Dynasty. The names of Sobhanaraja, Chandraja, Ksemaraja also appear in context. But, Kharavela is the most well known among them. The exact relation between Mahamegha Vahana and Kharavela is not known.

• Maharaja Vasu
• King Mahamegha Vahana
• Sobhanaraja
• Chandraja
• Ksemaraja
• Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
• Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)
• Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
• Vaduka
• Galaveya
• Mana-Sada
• Siri-Sada
• Maha-Sada
• Sivamaka-Sada
• Asaka-Sada

Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200 BCE –1950 CE)

Main articles: History of Manipur and List of Manipuri kings

The Meitei people are made up of seven major clans, known as Salai Taret The clans include–

1. Mangang
2. Khuman Salai
3. Luwang
4. Angom
5. Moilang
6. Khaba Nganba
7. Salai Leishangthem

Ancient dynasty of Kangleipak (c. 200 BCE −33 CE)

Khapa-Nganpa Salai

• Taang-chaa Leela Pakhangpa (200 BCE)
• Kangba
• Maliya Fampalcha (150 BCE)
• Kaksu Tonkonpa
• Koilou Nongtailen Pakhangpa
• Samlungpha (44–34 BCE)
• Chingkhong Poireiton (34–18 BCE )
• Singtabung (18–8 BCE)
• Paangminnaba (8–1 BCE)

Luwang Salai

• Luwang Khunthipa (1–5 CE)
• Luwang Punshipa (5–33 CE)

Ningthouja or Mangang dynasty (c. 33–1074 CE)

Main article: Ningthouja dynasty

• Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa (33–154 CE)
• Khuiyoi Tompok (154–264 CE)
• Taothingmang (264–364 CE)
• Khui Ningonba (364–379 CE)
• Pengsipa (379–394 CE)
• Kaokhangpa (394–411 CE)
• Naokhampa (411–428 CE)
• Naophangpa (428–518 CE)
• Sameilang (518–568 CE)
• Urakonthoupa (568–658 CE)
• Naothingkhon (663–763 CE)
• Khongtekcha (763–773 CE)
• Keilencha (784–799 CE)
• Yalaba (799–821 CE)
• Ayangpa (821–910 CE)
• Ningthoucheng (910–949 CE)
• Chenglei-Ipan-Lanthapa (949–969 CE)
• Keiphaba Yanglon (969–984 CE)
• Irengba (984–1074 CE)

Kangleipak dynasty (c. 1074–1819 CE)

Main article: Kangleipak State

1. Loiyumpa (1074–1112)
2. Loitongpa (1112–1150)
3. Atom Yoilempa (1150–1163)
4. Iyanthapa (1163–1195)
5. Thayanthapa (1195–1231)
6. Chingthang Lanthapa (1231–1242)
7. Thingpai Shelhongpa (1242–1247)
8. Pulanthapa (1247–1263)
9. Khumompa (1263–1278)
10. Moilampa (1278–1302)
11. Thangpi Lanthapa (1302–1324)
12. Kongyampa (1324–1335)
13. Telheipa (1335–1355)
14. Tonapa (1355–1359)
15. Tapungpa (1359–1394)
16. Lailenpa (1394–1399)
17. Punsipa (1404–1432)
18. Ningthoukhompa (1432–1467)
19. Senpi Kiyampa (1467–1508)
20. Koilempa (1508–1512)
21. Lamkhyampa (1512–1523)
22. Nonginphapa (1523–1524)
23. Kapompa (1524–1542)
24. Tangchampa (1542–1545)
25. Chalampa (1545–1562)
26. Mungyampa (1562–1597)
27. Khaki Ngampa(1597–1652)
28. Khunchaopa (1652–1666)
29. Paikhompa (1666–1697)
30. Charairongba (1697–1709)
31. Gharib Nawaz (Ningthem Pamheipa) (1709–1754), (adoption of the name Manipur)
32. Chit Sain (1754–1756)
33. Gaurisiam (1756–1763)
34. Ching-Thang Khomba (Bhagya Chandra) (1764–1798)
35. Rohinchandra (Harshachandra Singh) (1798–1801)
36. Maduchandra Singh (1801–1806)
37. Charajit Singh (1806–1812)
38. Marjit Singh (1812–1819)

(Came to power with Burmese support).

Princely State (c. 1825–1947 CE)

• Gambhir Singh (1825–1834)

(Restored after the First Anglo-Burmese War)

• Regency for Chandrakirti Singh (1834–1850)
• Nara Singh (1844–1850)
• Debendro Singh (1850)
• Chandrakirti Singh (1850–1886)
• Surchandra Singh (1886–1890)
• Kulachandra Singh (1890–1891)
• Churachand Singh (1891–1941)
• Bodhchandra Singh (1941–1947)

Foreign (Assimilated) Kingdoms in Indian Subcontinent

These empires were vast, centered in Persia or the Mediterranean; their satrapies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.

• The boundaries of the Achaemenid Empire reached the Indus River.
• Alexander the Great (326–323 BCE) of the Argead dynasty who fought Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
• Seleucus I Nicator (323–321 BCE), diadochos was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya in 305 BCE.
• The Hellenistic Euthydemid Dynasty also reached the north-western frontiers of India (c. 221–85 BCE).

Indo-Scythian – Saka ( c. 12 BCE–395 CE)

Main article: Indo-Scythian

Aprācas (c. 12 BCE −45 CE )

Main article: Apraca

• Vijayamitra

(12 BCE −15 CE)

• Indravasu

(c. 20 CE)

• Vispavarman
• Indravarman
• Aspa (c. 5–45 CE) or Aspavarma (c. 15 – 45 CE)
• Sasan (c. 45 CE)

Northwestern Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE–10 CE)

• Maues (c. 85–60 BCE)
• Vonones (c. 75–65 BCE)
• Spalahores (c. 75–65 BCE)
• Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
• Azes I (c. 57–35 BCE)
• Azilises (c. 57–35 BCE)
• Azes II (c. 35–12 BCE)
• Zeionises (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
• Kharahostes (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
• Hajatria
• Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
• Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa

Pāratas (c. 125–300 CE)

Main article: Paratarajas

• Yolamira (c. 125–150)
• Bagamira (c. 150)
• Arjuna (c. 150–160)
• Hvaramira (c. 160–175)
• Mirahvara (c. 175–185)
• Miratakhma (c. 185–200)
• Kozana (c. 200–220)
• Bhimarjuna (c. 220–235)
• Koziya (c. 235–265)
• Datarvharna (c. 265–280)
• Datayola II (c. 280–300)

Northern Satraps (Mathura area) (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE)

Main article: Northern Satraps

• Hagamasha (satrap)
• Hagana (satrap)
• Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
• Sodasa

Minor local rulers

• Bhadayasa
• Mamvadi
• Arsakes (Indo-Scythian)

Western Satraps (Western Saka) (c. 119–395 CE)

Main article: Western Satraps

• Nahapana (119–124)
• Chastana (c. 124)
• Jayadaman (c. 124–130)
• Rudradaman I (c. 130–150)
• Damajadasri I (170–175)
• Jivadaman (175–199)
• Rudrasimha I (175–188)
• Isvaradatta (188–191)
• Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)
• Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)
• Rudrasena I (200–222)
• Samghadaman (222–223)
• Damasena (223–232)
• Damajadasri II (232–239) with
• Viradaman (234–238)
• Yasodaman I (239)
• Vijayasena (239–250)
• Damajadasri III (251–255)
• Rudrasena II (255–277)
• Visvasimha (277–282)
• Bhratadarman (282–295)
• Visvasena (293–304)
• Rudrasimha II, son of Lord (Svami) Jivadaman (304–348) with
• Yasodaman II (317–332)
• Rudradaman II (332–348)
• Rudrasena III (348–380)
• Simhasena (Indo-Scythian ruler) (380–382)
• Rudrasena IV (382–388)
• Rudrasimha III (388–395)

Kushana dynasty (c. 1–375 CE)

Main article: Kushan Empire

Ruler		Reign	Notes
Heraios		1–30	King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.
Kujula Kadphises		30–80	United the Yuezhi confederation during the 1st century, and became the first Kushan emperor.
Vima Takto Soter Megas		80–90	Alias The Great Saviour. His empire covered northwestern Gandhara and greater Bactria towards China, where Kushan presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
Vima Kadphises		90–127	The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the Roman Empire.
Kanishka I the Great		127–144	Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain. His conquests and patronage of Buddhism played an important role in the development of the Silk Road, and in the transmission of Mahayana Buddhism from Gandhara across the Karakoram range to China.
Huvishka		144–191	His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.
Vasudeva I		191–232	He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sassanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sassanians or Kushanshahs from around 240.
Kanishka II		232–245	It is likely he lost part of his empire to the Kushano-Sassanians.
Vashishka		245–250
Kanishka III		250–275
Vasudeva II		275–310
Chhu		310–325
Vasudeva III		c.300?	Kings whose existence is uncertain.
Vasudeva IV
Vasudeva V
Shaka Kushan/Shaka I		325–350
Kipunada		350–375	May have been a subject of Samudragupta from Gupta Empire.

Indo-Parthian – Pahalava (c. 21–100 CE)

Main article: Indo-Parthian

• Gondophares I (c. 21–50)
• Abdagases I (c. 50–65)
• Satavastres (c. 60)
• Sarpedones (c. 70)
• Orthagnes (c. 70)
• Ubouzanes (c. 77)
• Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)
• Abdagases II (c. 90)
• Pakores (c. 100)

Alchon Huns -Huna (c. 400–670 CE)

Main article: Alchon Huns

• Anonymous kings (400 – 430 CE)
• Khingila (c. 430 – 490 CE)
• Javukha/Zabocho (c. mid 5th – early 6th CE)
• Mehama (c. 461 – 493 CE)
• Lakhana Udayaditya (c. 490's CE)
• Aduman
• Toramana (c. 490 – 515 CE)
• Mihirakula (c. 515 – 540 CE)
• Toramana II (c. 530 – 570 CE)
• Pravarasena (c. 530 – 590 CE)
• Gokarna (c. 570 – 590 CE)
• Narendraditya Khinkhila (c. 590 – 630 CE)
• Yudhishthira (630–670 CE)

Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur (c. 64–1952 CE)

Main article: Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur

Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to Nagpuri poem "Nagvanshavali" written by Beniram Mehta and book "Nagvansh" written by Lal Pradumn Singh. The list of Kings and chronology varies in these books. 57th Nagvanshi king Dripnath Shah (c.1762–1790 CE) submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to Governor general of India in 1787.

Raja

• Raja Phani Mukut Rai (c. 64 – 162 CE)
• Raja Mukut Rai (c. 162 – 221 CE)
• Raja Ghat Rai (c. 221 – 278 CE)
• Raja Madan Rai (c. 278 – 307 CE)
• Raja Pratap Rai (c. 307 – 334 CE)
• Raja Kandrap Rai (c. 334 – 365 CE)
• Raja Udaimani Rai (c. 365 – 403 CE)
• Raja Jaimani Rai (c. 403 – 452 CE)
• Raja Srimani Rai (c. 452 – 476 CE)
• Raja Phani Rai (c. 476 – 493 CE)
• Raja Gendu Rai (c. 493 – 535 CE)
• Raja Hari Rai (c. 535 – 560 CE)
• Raja Gajraj Rai (c. 560 – 606 CE)
• Raja Sundar Rai (c. 606 – 643 CE)
• Raja Mukund Rai (c. 643 – 694 CE)
• Raja Udai Rai (c. 694 – 736 CE)
• Raja Kanchan Rai (c. 736 – 757 CE)
• Raja Magan Rai (c. 757 – 798 CE)
• Raja Jagan Rai (c. 798 – 837 CE)
• Raja Mohan Rai (c. 837 – 901 CE)
• Raja Gajdant Rai (c. 901 – 931 CE)
• Raja Gajghant Rai (c. 931 – 964 CE)
• Raja Chandan Rai (c. 964 – 992 CE)
• Raja Anand Rai (c. 992 – 1002 CE)
• Raja Sripati Rai (c. 1002 – 1055 CE)
• Raja Jaganand Rai (c. 1055 – 1074 CE)
• Raja Nripendra Rai (c. 1074 -1084 CE)
• Raja Gandharva Rai (c. 1084 -1098 CE)
• Raja Bhim Karn (c.1098 -c.1132)
• Raja Jash Karn (c.1132-c.1180)
• Raja Jai Karn (c.1180-c.1218)
• Raja Go Karn (c.1218-c.1236)
• Raja Hari Karn (c.1236-c.1276)
• Raja Shiv Karn (c.1276-c.1299)
• Raja Benu Karn (c.1299-c.1360)
• Raja Phenu Karn
• Raja Tihuli Karn
• Raja Shivdas Karn (c.1367-c.1389)
• Raja Udai Karn (c.1389-c.1427)
• Raja Pritvi Karn (c.1427-c.1451)
• Raja Pratap Karn (c.1451-c.1469)
• Raja Chhatra Karn (c.1469 – c.1515)
• Raja Virat Karn (c.1515 – c.1522)
• Raja Sindhu Karn (c.1522 – c.1535)
• Raja Madhu Karn Shah (c. 1584 -c.1599)
• Raja Bairisal (c. 1599 -c.1614)
• Raja Durjan Sal (c. 1614–1615)(c.1627 -c.1640)
• Raja Deo Shah
• Raja Raghunath Shah (1640–1690)
• Raja Ram Shah (1690–1715)
• Raja Yadunath Shah (1715–1724)
• Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)
• Raja Udainath Shah (1733–1740)
• Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
• Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)
• Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
• Raja Dhripnath Shah (1762–1790)
• Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)

Maharaja

• Maharaja Gobind Nath Shah Deo (1806–1822)
• Maharaja Jagannath Shah Deo (1822–1872)
• Maharaja Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo (1872–1950)
• Maharaja Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1950–1952)

Bharshiva dynasty (Nagas of Padmavati) (c. 170–350 CE)

Main article: Nagas of Padmavati

• Vrisha-naga

(Possibly ruled at Vidisha in the late 2nd Century).

• Vrishabha or Vrisha-bhava

(May also be the name of a distinct king who succeeded Vrisha-naga).

• Bhima-naga (210–230 CE)

(Probably the first king to rule from Padmavati)

• Skanda-naga
• Vasu-naga
• Brihaspati-naga
• Vibhu-naga
• Ravi-naga
• Bhava-naga
• Prabhakara-naga
• Deva-naga
• Vyaghra-naga
• Ganapati-naga

Chandra Kingdom (c. 202–1050 CE)

Main articles: Chandra dynasty and Harikela

List of Chandra dynasty Rulers

#	King	Period	Reign (CE)
1	Chandrodaya	27	202–229
2	Annaveta	5	229–234
3	??	77	234–311
4	Rimbhiappa	23	311–334
5	Kuverami (Queen)	7	334–341
6	Umavira (Queen)	20	341–361
7	Jugna	7	361–368
8	Lanki	2	368–370
9	Dvenchandra	55	370–425
10	Rajachandra	20	425–445
11	Kalachandra	9	445–454
12	Devachandra	22	454–476
13	Yajnachandra	7	476–483
14	Chandrabandu	6	483–489
15	Bhumichandra	7	489–496
16	Bhutichandra	24	496–520
17	Nitichandra (Queen)	55	520–575
18	Virachandra	3	575–578
19	Pritichandra (Queen)	12	578-90
20	Prithvichandra	7	590–597
21	Dhirtichandra	3	597–600
22	Mahavira	12	600-12
23	Virayajap	12	612-24
24	Sevinren	12	624-36
25	Dharmasura	13	636-49
26	Vajrashakti	16	649-65
27	Dharmavijaya	36	665–701
28	Narendravijaya	2 yr 9 months	701–703
29	Dharmachandra	16	703–720
30	Anandachandra	9+	720-729+
Harikela Dynasty
1	Traillokyachandra	30	900–930
2	Srichandra	45	930–975
3	Kalyanachandra	25	975–1000
4	Ladahachandra	20	1000–1020
5	Govindachandra	30	1020–1050

Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE)

Main article: Gupta Empire

Ruler		Reign	Notes
Sri-Gupta I		240–290	Founder of the dynasty.
Ghatotkacha		290–320
Chandra-Gupta I		320–325	His title Maharajadhiraja ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
Samudra-Gupta		325–375	Defeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India, advancing as far as the Pallava kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies. His empire extended from Ravi River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the south-eastern coast were his tributaries.
Kacha		4th-century	Rival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest him as ruler; possibly identical with Samudra-Gupta.
Rama-Gupta		375–380
Chandra-Gupta II Vikramaditya		380–415	Continued the expansionist policy of his father Samudragupta: historical evidence suggests that he defeated the Western Kshatrapas, and extended the Gupta empire from the Indus River in the west to the Bengal region in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the Narmada River in the south.
Kumara-Gupta I		415–455	He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from Gujarat in the west to Bengal region in the east.
Skanda-Gupta		455–467	It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the Pushyamitras or the Hunas. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors.
Puru-Gupta		467–472
Kumara-Gupta II Kramaditya		472–479
Buddha-Gupta		479–496	He had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they sought to run the Alchon Huns (Hunas) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.
Narasimha-Gupta Baladitya		496–530
Kumara-Gupta III		530–540
Vishnu-Gupta Candraditya		540–550
Bhanu-Gupta		?	A lesser-known king with uncertain position in the list.

Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)

Main article: Vakataka dynasty

• Vindhyasakti (250–270)
• Pravarasena I (270–330)

The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch

• Rudrasena I (330–355)
• Prithivishena I (355–380)
• Rudrasena II (380–385)
• Divakarasena (385–400)
• Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)
• Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
• Narendrasena (440–460)
• Prithvishena II (460–480)

The Vatsagulma branch

• Sarvasena (330–355)
• Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
• Pravarasena II (400–415)
• Unknown (415–450)
• Devasena (450–475)
• Harishena (475–500)

Pallava dynasty (c. 275–901 CE)

Main article: Pallava dynasty

Early Pallavas (c. 275–355 CE)

• Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
• Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)
• Singh Vishnu / Vappdev

Middle Pallavas (c. 355–537 CE)

• Vishnugopa (350–355)
• Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
• Skanda Varman II (370–385)
• Vira Varman (385–400)
• Skanda Varman III (400–438)
• Simha Varman II (438–460)
• Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
• Nandi Varman I (480–500)
• Kumaravishnu II (c. 500–510)
• Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
• Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
• Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

Later Pallavas (c. 537–901 CE)

• Simha Vishnu (537–570)
• Mahendra Varman I (571–630)
• Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
• Mahendra Varman II (668–672)
• Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)
• Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
• Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
• Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
• Thandi Varman (775–825)
• Nandi Varman III (825–869)
• Nirupathungan (869–882)
• Aparajitha Varman (882–901)

Kadamba kingdom (c. 345–1347 CE)

Main article: Kadamba dynasty

Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345–525 CE)

• Mayurasharma (Varma) (345–365)
• Kangavarma (365–390)
• Bagitarha (390–415)
• Raghu (415–435)
• Kakusthavarma (435–455)
• Santivarma (455–460)
• Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
• Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
• Ravivarma (485–519)
• Harivarma (519–525)

Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (c. 350–1024 CE)

Main article: Western Ganga dynasty

• Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)
• Madhava II (370–390)
• Harivarman (390–410)
• Vishnugopa (410–430)
• Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
• Avinita (466–495)
• Durvinita (495–535)
• Mushkara (535–585)
• Srivikrama (585–635)
• Bhuvikarma (635–679)
• Shivamara I (679–725)
• Sripurusha (725–788)
• Shivamara II (788–816)
• Rajamalla I (817–853)
• Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
• Rajamalla II (870–907)
• Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
• Narasimhadeva (919–925)
• Rajamalla III (925–935)
• Butuga II (935–960)
• Takkolam in (949)
• Maruladeva (960–963)
• Marasimha III (963–974)
• Rajamalla IV (974–985)
• Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)

Vishnukundina Empire (c. 420–624 CE)

Main article: Vishnukundina dynasty

• Madhava Varma I (420–455)
• Indra Varma (455–461)
• Madhava Verma II (461–508)
• Vikramendra Varma I (451–528)
• Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–555/580)
• Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)

Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)

Main article: Maitraka dynasty

• Bhatarka (c. 475–492)
• Dharasena I (c. 493–499)
• Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)
• Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)
• Dharapatta (c. 550–556)
• Guhasena (c. 556–570)
• Dharasena II (c. 570–595)
• Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)
• Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)
• Dharasena III (c. 626–640)
• Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)
• Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)
• Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)
• Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)
• Siladitya II
• Siladitya III
• Siladitya IV
• Siladitya V
• Siladitya VI
• Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)

Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)

Main article: Rai dynasty

• Rai Diwa ji (Devaditya)
• Rai Sahiras (Shri Harsha)
• Rai Sahasi (Sinhasena)
• Rai Sahiras II, died battling the King of Nimroz
• Rai Sahasi II, the last of the line

Later Gupta dynasty (c. 490–750 CE)

Main article: Later Gupta dynasty

The known Later Gupta rulers included:

• Nrpa Shri Krishna-gupta (490–505 CE)
• Deva Shri Harsha-gupta (505–525 CE)
• Nrpa Shri Jivita-gupta I (525–550 CE)
• Nrpa Shri Kumara-gupta (550–560 CE)
• Nrpa Shri Damodara-gupta (560–562 CE)
• Nrpa Shri Mahasena-gupta (562–601 CE)
• Nrpa Shri Madhava-gupta (601–655 CE)
• Maharajadhiraja Aditya-sena (655–680 CE)
• Maharajadhiraja Deva-gupta (680–700 CE)
• Maharajadhiraja Vishnu-gupta (700–725 CE)
• Maharajadhiraja Jivita-gupta II (725–750 CE)

Chahamana or Chauhan dynasty (500–1315 CE)

Main article: Chauhan

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included:-

• Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer)
• Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol)
• Chahamanas of Lata
• Chahamanas of Dholpur
• Chahamanas of Partabgarh
• Chahamanas of Jalor (Chauhans of Jalore); branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
• Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (Chauhans of Ranthambore); branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari.

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (500–1194)

Main article: Chahamanas of Shakambhari

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

• Chahamana (c. 2nd century CE)
• Vasu-deva (c. 6th century CE)
• Samanta-raja (c. 684–709 CE); identified as the legendary Manik Rai by R. B. Singh
• Nara-deva (c. 709–721 CE)
• Ajaya-raja I (c. 721–734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
• Vigraha-raja I (c. 734–759 CE)
• Chandra-raja I (c. 759–771 CE)
• Gopendra-raja (c. 771–784 CE)
• Durlabha-raja I (c. 784–809 CE)
• Govinda-raja I (c. 809–836 CE), alias Guvaka I
• Chandra-raja II (c. 836–863 CE)
• Govindaraja II (c. 863–890 CE), alias Guvaka II
• Chandana-raja (c. 890–917 CE)
• Vakpati-raja (c. 917–944 CE); his younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch
• Simha-raja (c. 944–971 CE)
• Vigraha-raja II (c. 971–998 CE)
• Durlabha-raja II (c. 998–1012 CE)
• Govinda-raja III (c. 1012–1026 CE)
• Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026–1040 CE)
• Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)
• Chamunda-raja (c. 1040–1065 CE)
• Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065–1070 CE), alias Duśala
• Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070–1090 CE), alias Visala
• Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090–1110 CE)
• Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110–1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
• Arno-raja (c. 1135–1150 CE), alias Ana
• Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)
• Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150–1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
• Apara-gangeya (c. 1164–1165 CE)
• Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165–1169 CE)
• Someshvara (c. 1169–1178 CE)
• Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178–1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan
• Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura
• Hari-raja (c. 1193–1194 CE)

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950–1197)

Main article: Chahamanas of Naddula

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

• Lakshmana (c. 950–982), alias Rao Lakha or Lakhana
• Shobhita (c. 982–986)
• Baliraja (c. 986–990)
• Vigrahapala (c. 990–994)
• Mahindra (c. 994–1015), alias Mahindu or Mahendra
• Ashvapala (c. 1015–1019)
• Ahila (c. 1019–1024)
• Anahilla (c. 1024–1055)
• Balaprasada (c. 1055–1070)
• Jendraraja (c. 1070–1080)
• Prithvipala (c. 1080–1090)
• Jojalladeva (c. 1090–1110)
• Asharaja (c. 1110–1119), alias Ashvaraja
• Ratnapala (c. 1119–1132)
• Rayapala (c. 1132–1145)
• Katukaraja (c. 1145–1148)
• Alhanadeva (c. 1148–1163)
• Kelhanadeva (c. 1163–1193)
• Jayatasimha (c. 1193–1197)

Chahamanas of Jalor (1160–1311)

Main article: Chahamanas of Jalor

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:

• Kirti-pala (c. 1160–1182 CE)
• Samara-simha (c. 1182–1204 CE)
• Udaya-simha (c. 1204–1257 CE)
• Chachiga-deva (c. 1257–1282 CE)
• Samanta-simha (c. 1282–1305 CE)
• Kanhada-deva (c. 1292–1311 CE)
• Virama-deva (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (1192–1301)

Main article: Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura

• Govinda-raja (1192 CE)
• Balhana-deva or Balhan, son of Govinda
• Prahlada or Prahlad, son of Balhana
• Viranarayana or Vir Narayan, son of Prahlada
• Vagabhata, son of Balhana; known as Bahar Deo in bardic chronicles
• Jaitra-simha or Jaitra Singh
• Hammira-deva or Hammir Dev (1301 CE)

Chalukya dynasty (500–1200)

Main articles: Chalukya dynasty, Eastern Chalukyas, and Western Chalukya Empire

Ruler		Reign	Capital	Notes
Jayasimha I		500–520	Badami	Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around modern Bijapur in the early 6th century.
Ranaraga		520–540	Badami
Pulakeshin I		540–567	Badami	He ruled parts of the present-day Maharashtra and Karnataka states in the western Deccan region of India.
Kirtivarman I		567–592	Badami	He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the Nalas, the Mauryas of Konkana, the Kadambas, the Alupas, and the Gangas of Talakad.
Mangalesha		592–610	Badami	Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra after defeating the Kalachuri king Buddharaja. He also consolidated his rule in the Konkan coastal region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering Revati-dvipa from the rebel Chalukya governor Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of succession to his nephew Pulakeshin II, a son of Kirttivarman I.
Pulakeshin II		610–642	Badami	Son of Kirtivarman I, he overthrew his uncle Mangalesha to gain control of the throne. Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the Kadambas of Banavasi in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of Konkana. He was victorious against the powerful northern emperor Harsha-vardhana. He also achieved some successes against the Pallavas in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I.
Kubja Vishnu-Vardhana I		615/24–641	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence in 624.
Jayasimha II		641–673	Vengi (Eastern)
Adityavarman		642–645	Badami	First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the Pallavas.
Abhinavaditya		645–646	Badami	Son of the predecessor.
Chandraditya		646–649	Badami	Second son of Pulakeshin II.
Vijaya-Bhattarika (regent)		649–655	Badami	Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya			Badami
Vikramaditya I		655–680	Badami	He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the Pallavas retreat from the capital.
Indra Bhattaraka		673	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
Vishnu-Vardhana II		673–682	Vengi (Eastern)
Vinayaditya		680–696	Badami	He carried campaigns against the Pallavas, Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas, Gangas and many more.
Mangi Yuvaraja		682–706	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya I		696–733	Badami	His long reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of temples. He fought against the Pallavas and extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.
Jayasimha III		706–718	Vengi (Eastern)
Kokkli		718–719	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnu-Vardhana III		719–755	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya II		733–746	Badami	Conducted successful military campaigns against their enemy, the Pallavas of Kanchipuram, in three occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II.
Kirtivarman II Rahappa		746- 757	Badami	His reign was continuously troubled by the growing power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt succumbed to the Rashtrakutas, who ended the power of the family in Badami.
Vijayaditya II		755–772	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnu-Vardhana IV		755–808	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya III		808–847	Vengi (Eastern)	His first military victories against the Rashtrakutas made the path for the independence of the dynasty from this occupant.
Kali Vishnu-Vardhana V		847–849	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya IV		849–892	Vengi (Eastern)	Brothers, ruled together.
Vikramaditya III			Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla I			Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima I		892–921	Vengi (Eastern)	During his rule, Vengi could claim some independence as capital from the Rashtrakutas.
Vijayaditya V		921	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma I		921–927	Vengi (Eastern)	Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnu-Vardhana VI			Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya VI		927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for fifteen days.
Tadapa		927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for a month.
Vikramaditya IV		927–928	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima II		928–929	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II		929–935	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima III		935–947	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma II		947–970	Vengi (Eastern)
Danarnava		970–973	Vengi (Eastern)	Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help within the Chola Empire.
Tailapa II Ahvamalla		973–997	Kalyani (Western)	6th great-grandson of Vijayaditya I. Ousted the Rashtrakutas in the West and recovered the power once held by his family.
Jata Choda Bhima		973–999	Vengi (Eastern)
Satyashraya		997–1008	Kalyani (Western)
Shaktivarman I		999–1011	Vengi (Eastern)	First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper, however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the independence they have gained some generations ago. Begin of the growing Chola influence in Vengi kingdom.
Vikramaditya V		1008–1015	Kalyani (Western)	Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother, Dashavarman.
Vimaladitya		1011–1018	Vengi (Eastern)	Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai, daughter of Rajaraja I from the Chola Empire.
Jayasimha III		1015–1043	Kalyani (Western)	He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule however was an important period of development of Kannada literature. He saw his cousins in Vengi fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would use their marital relations with the Eastern Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from two fronts, from the east and from the South. But, at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the Western Chalukya power in the Deccan.
Rajaraja Narendra		1018–1061	Vengi (Eastern)	Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola.
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla		1042–1068	Kalyani (Western)	His several military successes in Central India made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire. During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to Gujarat and Central India in the north.
Shaktivarman II		1061–1062	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya VII		1062–1075	Vengi (Eastern)	Also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended to the throne with support from Western Chalukyas.
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla		1068–1076	Kalyani (Western)	First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger brother, Vikramaditya.
Rajaraja		1075–1079	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla		1076–1126	Kalyani (Western)	Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the Western Chalukya Empire reached its zenith. He is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his brother-in-law, Athirajendra Chola, on the Chola Empire throne.
Vishnu-Vardhana VII		1079–1102	Vengi (Eastern)	Last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
Someshvara III		1126–1138	Kalyani (Western)	He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text Manasollasa touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and music: making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.
Jagadhekamalla II		1138–1151	Kalyani (Western)	His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.
Tailapa III		1151–1164	Kalyani (Western)	Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya rule.
Jagadhekamalla III		1164–1183	Kalyani (Western)	His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the Southern Kalachuris under Bijjala II who took control of Kalyani. He had to escape to the Banavasi region.
Someshvara IV		1183–1200	Kalyani (Western)	Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris, but failed to prevent his old allies, Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasty, who, after deposing Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among themselves.

Shahi Kingdom (500–1026 CE)

Main article: Shahi Kingdom

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties) from:

• Turk Shahi (500–850 CE)
• Hindu Shahi (850–1026 CE)

Turk Shahi dynasty (500–850)

Main article: Turk Shahi

• Nandin Rulers of Gilgit (500–552)
• Khingala of Kapisa (535–552)
• Patoladeva / Navasurendradiyta (552–575)
• Srideva / Surendra Vikrmadiyta (575–605)
• Patoladeva / Vajraditya (605–645)
• Barha Tegin (645–680)
• Tegin Sha (680–739)
• Fromo Kesar / Gesar (739–755)

Hindu Shahi dynasty (850–1026)

Main article: Hindu Shahi

• Samantadeva Kallar / Lalliya (850–895)
• Kamalavarmadeva / Kamaluka (895–921)
• Bhimadeva (921–964)
• Ishtthapala (ruled 8 months)
• Jayapala (964–1001)
• Anandapala (1001–1010)
• Trilochanapala (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
• Bhimapala (died in 1022–1026)

Pushyabhuti dynasty (500–647)

Main article: Pushyabhuti dynasty

• Pushyabhuti (Puṣyabhuti), possibly mythical
• Naravardhana (500–525 CE)
• Rajyavardana I (525–555 CE)
• Adityavardhana (Ādityvardhana or Ādityasena) (555–580 CE)
• Prabhakara-vardhana (Prabhākaravardhana) (580–605 CE)
• Rajya-vardhana (Rājyavardhana II) (605–606 CE)
• Harsha-vardhana (Harṣavardhana) (606–647 CE)

Unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India.

Eastern Ganga Empire (c. 505–1950 CE)

Eastern Ganga dynasty (c. 505–1434 CE)

Main article: Eastern Ganga dynasty

Indravarman I is earliest known Independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the Jirjingi copper plate grant.

• Mittavarman (c. 505–520)

(Eastern Ganga king, feudal under Vakataka rule)

• Indravarman I (c. 520–537)

(Real founder of dynasty)

• Samantavarman (c. 537–562)
• Hastivarman (c. 562–578)
• Indravarman II (c. 578–589)
• Danarnava (c. 589–652)
• Indravarman III (c. 652–682)
• Gunarnava (c. 682–730)
• Devendravarman I (c. 730–780)
• Anantavarman III (c. 780–812)
• Rajendravarman II (c. 812–840)
• Devendravarman V (c. 840–895)
• Gunamaharnava I (c. 895–910)
• Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I) (c. 910–939)
• Gundama – (c. 939–942)
• Kamarnava I (c. 942–977)
• Vinayaditya (c. 977–980)
• Vajrahasta IV (c. 980–1015)
• Kamarnava II (c. 1015–6 months after)
• Gundama II (c. 1015–1038)
• Vajrahasta V (c. 1038–1070)
• Rajaraja Deva I (c. 1070–1077)
• Anantavarman Chodaganga (c. 1077–1147)
• Jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)
• Raghava Deva (c. 1156–1170)
• Rajaraja Deva II (c. 1170–1190)
• Anangabhima Deva II (c. 1190–1198)
• Rajraja Deva III (c. 1198–1211)
• Anangabhima Deva III (c. 1211–1238)
• Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)
• Bhanu Deva I (1264–1278)
• Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
• Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
• Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
• Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
• Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
• Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

Gudari Kataka Ganga State

Main article: Gudari, Rayagada

According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.

• Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
• Svarna Bhanu
• Kalasandha Deva
• Chudanga Deva
• Harimani Deva
• Narasimha Deva
• Ananta Deva
• Padmanabha Deva
• Pitambara Deva
• Vasudeva
• Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)

Chikiti Ganga State (c. 881–1950 CE)

Main article: Chikiti

Historians conclude that the rulers of Chikiti were from the line of Ganga ruler Hastivarman.

• Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara)

(881–940)

• Balabhadra Rautara

(941–997)

• Madhaba Rautara

(998–1059)

• Languli Rautara

(1060–1094)

• Mohana Rautara

(1095–1143)

• Balarama Rautara

(1144–1197)

• Biswanatha Rautara

(1198–1249)

• Harisarana Rautara

(1250–1272)

• Raghunatha Rautara

(1273–1313)

• Dinabandhu Rautara

(1314–1364)

• Gopinatha Rautara

(1365–1417)

• Ramachandra Rautara

(1418–1464)

• Narayana Rautara

(1465–1530)

• Narasingha Rautara

(1531–1583)

• Lokanatha Rautara

(1584–1633)

• Jadumani Rautara

(1634–1691)

• Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
• Kulamani Rajendra Deba

(1737–1769)

• Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
• Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
• Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
• Kulamani Rajendra Deba

(1832–1835)

• Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
• Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
• Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
• Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
• Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)
• Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba

(1923–1934)

• Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba

(1934–1950)

Parlakhemundi Ganga State (c. 1309–1950)

Main article: Parlakhemundi Ganga rulers

Parlakhemundi state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.

• Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
• Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
• Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
• Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
• Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
• Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
• Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
• Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
• Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
• Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
• Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
• Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
• Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
• Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
• Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
• Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
• Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
• Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
• Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
• Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
• Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
• Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II (1736–1771)
• Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
• Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
• Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
• Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
• Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
• Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo

(1913–1950)

Titular Rulers

• Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo

(1950 – 25 May 1974)

• Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo

(25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)

• Kalyani Gajapati

(10 January 2020–present)

Jaintia Kingdom (c. 515–1835 CE)

Main article: Jaintia Kingdom

Old dynasty

1. Urmi Rani (?-550)
2. Krishak Pator (550–570)
3. Hatak (570–600)
4. Guhak (600–630)

Partitioned Jaintia

1. Jayanta (630–660)
2. Joymalla (660-?)
3. Mahabal (?)
4. Bancharu (?-1100)
5. Kamadeva (1100–1120)
6. Bhimbal (1120)

Brahmin dynasty

1. Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
2. Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
3. Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
4. Manik Rai (1170–1193)
5. Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
6. Jayanti Devi
7. Bara Gossain

New dynasty

1. Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
2. Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
3. Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
4. Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
5. Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
6. Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
7. Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
8. Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
9. Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
10. Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
11. Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
12. Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
13. Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
14. Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
15. Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
16. Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
17. Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
18. Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
19. Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)
20. Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
21. Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)
22. Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
23. Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)

Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (c. 550–1036 CE)

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty

Mandor Branch (c. 550–880 CE)

• Harishchandra Pratihara, (535–560 or 550–575)
• Rajjila Pratihara, (575–600)
• Nerabhatta Pratihara, (600–625)
• Naggabhatta Pratihara, (625–650)
• Tate Pratihara, (650–675)
• Yashovardhan Pratihara, (675–700)
• Chanduka Pratihara, (700–725)
• Shiluka Pratihara, (725–750)
• Jhotta Pratihara, (750–775)
• Bhilladhai Pratihara, (775–800)
• Kake Pratihara, (800–825)
• Baauka Pratihara, (825–850)
• Kakkuka Pratihara, (850–880)

Baddoch Branch (c. 600–700 CE)

• Dhaddha 1 (600–627)
• Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
• Jaibhatta (655–700)

Bhinmala Branch (c. 725–1036 CE)

• Nagabhata I (725–756)
• Kakustha (756–765)
• Devaraja (765–778)
• Vatsaraja (778–805)
• Nagabhata II (800–833)
• Ramabhadra (833–836)
• Mihira Bhoja (836–890)
• Mahendrapala I (890–910)
• Bhoja II (910–913)
• Mahipala I (913–944)
• Mahendrapala II (944–948)
• Devpala (948–954)
• Vinaykpala (954–955)
• Mahipala II (955–956)
• Vijaypala II (956–960)
• Rajapala (960–1018)
• Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
• Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036)

Rajogarh Branch

NOTE: Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

• Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)
• No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev

Kingdom of Mewar (c. 550–1947 CE)

Main articles: Guhila and Sisodia

See also: Rajput, Udaipur State, and Mewar

In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:

• Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar,
• Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur),
• Guhilas of Dhavagarta (present-day Dhor).

Guhila dynasty (c. 550–1303 CE)

Main article: Guhila dynasty

• Bappaka (550–566)
• Guhaditya / Guhlia (566–580) (Real founder of the dynasty)
• Bhoja (580–602)
• Mahendra (I) (602–616)
• Nāga (616–646)
• Śiladitya (646–661 )
• Aparājita (661–697 )
• Mahendra (II) (697–728)
• Bappa Rawal / Kālabhoja (728–753)
• Khommāṇa (I) (753–773)
• Mattaṭa (773–790)
• Bhartṛipaṭṭa (I) (790–813)
• Rawalsiṃha (813–820)
• Khommāṇa (II) (820–853)
• Mahāyaka (853–900)
• Khommāṇa (III) (900–942)
• Bhartṛipaṭṭa (II) (942–943 CE)
• Allaṭa (943–953 )
• Naravāhana (953–971 )
• Śalivāhana (971–977 )
• Śaktikumāra (977–993 )
• Āmraprasāda (993–998)
• Śuchivarman (998–1010)
• Naravarman (1010–1035)
• Kīrtivarman (1035–1050)
• Yogarāja (1050–1075)
• Vairaṭa (1075–1090)
• Vaṃśapāla (1090–1100)
• Vairisiṃha (1100–1122)
• Vijayasiṃha (1122–1130)
• Vairisiṃha (II) (1130–1136)
• Arisiṃha (1136–1145)
• Choḍa (1145–1151)
• Vikramasiṃha (1151–1158)
• Raṇasiṃha (1158–1165 )

Branching of Guhil Dynasty

• Ranasingh (1158 CE) During his reign, the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
• First (Rawal Branch)—Kṣemasiṃha, son of Raṇasiṃha, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
• Second (Rana Branch)—Rahapa, the second son of Raṇasiṃha started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Due to his stay in Rana Sisoda hideout, he was later called Sisodia.

Post-split Rawal branch (c. 1165–1303 CE)

• Kṣemasiṃha (1165–1172)
• Sāmantasiṃha (1172–1179)
• Kumārasiṃha (1179–1185)
• Mathanasiṃha (1185–1201)
• Padmasiṃha (1201–1213)
• Jaitrasiṃha (1213–1261)
• Tejasiṃha (1261–1273)
• Samarasiṃha (1273–1301)
• Ratnasiṃha (1301–1303).

Rana branch (c. 1160–1326 CE)

Rahapa, a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

• Rahapa/Karna (1160)
• Narapati (1185)
• Dinakara (1200)
• Jasakarna (1218)
• Nagapala (1238)
• Karnapala (1266)
• Bhuvanasimha (1280)
• Bhimasimha (1297)
• Jayasimha (1312)
• Lakhanasimha (1318)
• Arisimha (Arasi) (1322)
• Hammir Singh (1326)

Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326–1947 CE)

Main article: Sisodia

• Hammir Singh (1326–1364)
• Kshetra Singh (1364–1382)
• Lakha Singh (1382–1421)
• Mokal Singh (1421–1433)
• Rana Kumbha (1433–1468)
• Udai Singh I (1468–1473)
• Rana Raimal (1473–1508)
• Rana Sanga (1508–1527), Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.
• Ratan Singh II (1528–1531)
• Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536)
• Vanvir Singh (1536–1540)
• Udai Singh II (1540–1572)
• Maharana Pratap (1572–1597), 13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.
• Amar Singh I (1597–1620)
• Karan Singh II (1620–1628)
• Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)
• Raj Singh I (1652–1680)
• Jai Singh (1680–1698)
• Amar Singh II (1698–1710)
• Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)
• Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)
• Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)
• Raj Singh II (1754–1762)
• Ari Singh II (1762–1772)
• Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)
• Bhim Singh (1778–1828)
• Jawan Singh (1828–1838)
• Sardar Singh (1838–1842)
• Swarup Singh of Udaipur (1842–1861)
• Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)
• Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)
• Fateh Singh (1884–1930)
• Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)

Titular Maharanas

• Bhupal Singh (1947–1955)
• Bhagwat Singh Mewar
• Mahendra Singh Mewar

Gauda Kingdom (c. 590–626 CE)

Main article: Gauda Kingdom

• Shashanka (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
• Manava (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardhana and Bhaskarvarman

Brahman dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)

Main article: Brahman dynasty of Sindh

The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:

• Chach (632-671 CE)
• Chandar (671-679 CE)
• Dāhir (679-712 CE) from Alor
• Under the Umayyad Caliphate:
• Dahirsiya (679-709 CE) from Brahmanabad
• Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
• Shishah (till 724 CE)

Karkota Empire of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)

Main articles: Karkota Empire and Kashmir

• Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
• Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
• Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
• Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
• Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)
• Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
• Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
• Prithivyapida I (768–772)
• Sangramapida (772–779)
• Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
• Lalitapida (813–825)
• Sangramapida II (825–832)
• Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)

Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are

• Ajitapida
• Anangapida
• Utpalapida
• Sukhavarma

Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)

Main article: Mallabhum

Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal. (also known as Mallabhoom,

Name of the king	Reign	Notes
Adi Malla	694–710
Jay Malla	710–720
Benu Malla	720–733
Kinu Malla	733–742
Indra Malla	742–757
Kanu Malla	757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla	764–775
Shur Malla	775–795
Kanak Malla	795–807
Kandarpa Malla	807–828
Sanatan Malla	828–841
Kharga Malla	841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla	862–906
Yadav Malla	906–919
Jagannath Malla	919–931
Birat Malla	931–946
Mahadev Malla	946–977
Durgadas Malla	977–994
Jagat Malla	994–1007
Ananta Malla	1007–1015
Rup Malla	1015=1029
Sundar Malla	1029–1053
Kumud Malla	1053–1074
Krishna Malla	1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla	1084–1097
Prakash Malla	1097–1102
Pratap Malla	1102–1113
Sindur Malla	1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla	1129–1142
Banamali Malla	1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla	1156–1167
Jiban Malla	1167–1185
Ram Malla	1185=1209
Gobinda Malla	1209–1240
Bhim Malla	1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla	1263–1295
Prithwi Malla	1295 -1319
Tapa Malla	1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla	1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla	1345–1358
Shur Malla II	1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla	1370–1407
Madan Malla	1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla	1420–1437
Uday Malla	1437–1460
Chandra Malla	1460–1501
Bir Malla	1501–1554
Dhari Malla	1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)	1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev	1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev	1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev	1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev	1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II	1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev	1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev	1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev	1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II	1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev	1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi	1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev	1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency)	1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur	1930–1947

Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)

Main article: Varman dynasty of Kannauj

• Yashovarman (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
• Āma
• Dunduka
• Bhoja (ruled till 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.

Rashtrakuta dynasty of Manyaketha (c. 735–982 CE)

Main article: Rashtrakuta dynasty

• Dantidurga (735–756)
• Krishna I (756–774)
• Govinda II (774–780)
• Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793)
• Govinda III (793–814)
• Amoghavarsha I (814–878)
• Krishna II Akalavarsha (878–914)
• Indra III (914–929)
• Amoghavarsha II (929–932)
• Govinda IV (930–935)
• Amoghavarsha III (934–939)
• Krishna III (939–967)
• Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972)
• Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)
• Indra IV (973–982), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.

Tomar dynasty of Delhi (736–1151)

Main article: Tomara dynasty

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:

• Khadag Rai's history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
• The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
• Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era, which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources

#	Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript	Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai	Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript	Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)	Length of reign
					Years	Months	Days
1	Ananga Pāla	Bilan Dev		736	18	0	0
2	Vasu Deva			754	19	1	18
3	Gangya	Ganggeva		773	21	3	28
4	Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla)	Prathama	Mahi Pāla	794	19	6	19
5	Jaya Deva	Saha Deva	Jadu Pāla	814	20	7	28
6	Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla	Indrajita (I)	Nai Pāla	834	14	4	9
7	Udiraj (or Adereh)	Nara Pāla	Jaya Deva Pāla	849	26	7	11
8	Vijaya (or Vacha)	Indrajita (II)	Chamra Pāla	875	21	2	13
9	Biksha (or Anek)	Vacha Raja	Bibasa Pāla	897	22	3	16
10	Rīksha Pāla	Vira Pāla	Sukla Pāla	919	21	6	5
11	Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla)	Go-Pāla	Teja Pāla	940	20	4	4
12	Go-Pāla	Tillan Dev	Mahi Pāla	961	18	3	15
13	Sallakshana Pāla	Suvari	Sursen	979	25	10	10
14	Jaya Pāla	Osa Pāla	Jaik Pāla	1005	16	4	3
15	Kunwar Pāla	Kumara Pāla		1021	29	9	18
16	Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla)	Ananga Pāla	Anek Pāla	1051	29	6	18
17	Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah)	Teja Pāla	Teja Pāla	1081	24	1	6
18	Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal)	Mahi Pāla	Jyūn Pāla	1105	25	2	23
19	Akr Pāla (or Akhsal)	Mukund Pāla	Ane Pāla	1130	21	2	15
	Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)	Prithvi Pala		1151

Pala Empire (c. 750–1174)

Main article: Pala Empire

Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)

Main article: Ayudha dynasty

• Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
• Indrayudha
• Chakrayudha (till 810)

Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)

Main article: Chandelas of Jejakabhukti

The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.

Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):

• Nannuka, (c. 831-845 CE)
• Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
• Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
• Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
• Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)
• Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
• Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)
• Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)
• Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)
• Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
• Deva-Varman, (c. 1050-1060 CE)
• Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
• Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
• Jaya-Varman, (c. 1110-1120 CE)
• Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
• Madana-Varman, (c. 1128-1165 CE)
• Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
• Paramardi-Deva, (c. 1165-1203 CE)
• Trailokya-Varman, (c. 1203-1245 CE)
• Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
• Bhoja-Varman, (c. 1285-1288 CE)
• Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
• Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)

Main article: Seuna (Yadava) dynasty

• Dridhaprahara
• Seunachandra (850–874)
• Dhadiyappa (874–900)
• Bhillama I (900–925)
• Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
• Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
• Bhillama II (975–1005)
• Vesugi I (1005–1020)
• Bhillama III (1020–1055)
• Vesugi II (1055–1068)
• Bhillama III (1068)
• Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
• Airamadeva (1085–1115)
• Singhana I (1115–1145)
• Mallugi I (1145–1150)
• Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
• Govindaraja (1160)
• Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
• Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
• Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
• Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
• Singhana II (1200–1247)
• Kannara (1247–1261)
• Mahadeva (1261–1271)
• Amana (1271)
• Ramachandra (1271–1312)
• Singhana III (1312–1313)
• Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
• Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 8th century to 1305)

Main articles: Paramara dynasty and Malwa

According to historial Kailash Chand Jain, "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources." The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

• Upendra, (last quarter of 8th century, first quarter of 9th century), (sources vary)
• Vairisimha (I) (8th century)
• Siyaka (I) (9th century)
• Vakpati (I) (9th century)
• Vairisimha (II), (10th century)
• Siyaka (II), (940–972)
• Vakpati (II) alias Munja, (972–990)
• Sindhuraja, (990–1010)
• Bhoja, (1010–1055)
• Jayasimha I, (1055–1070)
• Udayaditya, (1070–1086)
• Lakshmadeva, (1086–1094)
• Naravarman, (1094–1130)
• Yashovarman, (1133–1142)
• Jayavarman I, (1142–1143)
• Interregnum under an usurper named Ballala and later the Solanki king Kumarapala
• Vindhyavarman, (1175–1194)
• Subhatavarman, (1194–1209)
• Arjunavarman I, (1210–1215)
• Devapala, (1218–1239)
• Jaitugideva, (1239–1255)
• Jayavarman II, (1255–1274)
• Arjunavarman II, (1274–1285)
• Bhoja II, (1285–1301)
• Mahalakadeva, (1301–1305 died & ended of dynasty)

Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910–1220 CE)

Main article: Paramaras of Chandravati

• Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910–930
• Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja c. 930–950
• Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950–979
• Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha c.970–990
• Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990–1000
• Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000–1020 son of Dharavaraha
• Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020–1040
• Punya-pala or Purna-pala c. 1040–1050
• Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050–1060 son of Dhandhuka
• Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II c. 1060–1090 son of Dhandhuka
• Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva c. 1090–1115
• Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115–1145
• Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145–1160 great-grandson of Dantivarman through Yogaraja and Ramadeva
• Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ? son of Vikramasimha; possibly a regent for Dharavarsha
• Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160–1220 son of Yashodhavala

Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930–1842 CE)

Main article: History of Ladakh

Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930–1460 CE)

Main article: Maryul

Known Maryul rulers were:

• Lhachen Palgyigon (c. 930 CE)
• Lhachen Utpala (c. 1110 CE)

Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460–1842 CE)

Main article: Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh

The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:

1. Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460-1485)
2. Unknown (c. 1485-1510)
3. Lata Jughdan (c. 1510-1535)
4. Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535-1555)
5. Tashi Namgyal ('BKra‐śis‐rnam‐rgyal, c. 1555-1575) son
6. Tsewang Namgyal I (Ts'e-dbaṅ‐rnam‐rgyal, c. 1575–1595) nephew
7. Namgyal Gonpo (rNam-rgyal-mgon-po, c. 1595–1600) brother
8. Jamyang Namgyal (Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal, c. 1595–1616) brother
9. Sengge Namgyal (Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal, first time, 1616–1623) son
10. Norbu Namgyal (1623–1624) brother
11. Sengge Namgyal (second time, 1624–1642)
12. Deldan Namgyal (Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal, 1642–1694) son
13. Delek Namgyal  (Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal, c. 1680–1691) son
14. Nyima Namgyal  (Ñi-ma-rnam-rgyal, 1694–1729) son
15. Deskyong Namgyal (Bde‐skyoṅ‐rnam‐rgyal, 1729–1739) son
16. Phuntsog Namgyal (P'un‐ts'ogs‐rnam‐rgyal, 1739–1753) son
17. Tsewang Namgyal II (Ts'e‐dbaṅ-rnam‐rgyal, 1753–1782) son
18. Tseten Namgyal  (Ts'e‐brtan‐rnam‐rgyal, 1782–1802) son
19. Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (Ts'e‐dpal‐don‐grub‐rnam‐rgyal, 1802–1837, 1839–1840) brother
20. Kunga Namgyal II (Kun‐dga'‐rnam‐rgyal, 1840–1842) grandson

• Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.'"

Solanki dynasty (Chalukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)

Main article: Chaulukya dynasty

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:

• Mularaja (c. 940 – c. 995)
• Chamundaraja (c. 996 – c. 1008)
• Vallabharaja (c. 1008)
• Durlabharaja (c. 1008 – c. 1022)
• Bhima I (c. 1022 – c. 1064)
• Karna (c. 1064 – c. 1092)
• Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – c. 1142)
• Kumarapala (c. 1142 – c. 1171)
• Ajayapala (c. 1171 – c. 1175)
• Mularaja II (c. 1175 – c. 1178)
• Bhima II (c. 1178 – c. 1240)
• Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240 – c. 1244)

Kachchhapaghata dynasty (950–1150)

Main article: Kachchhapaghata dynasty

Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

• Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975)
• Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
• Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
• Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
• Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
• Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
• Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
• Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
• Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
• Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
• Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)

Dubkund (Dobha) branch

• Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
• Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
• Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
• Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
• Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)

Nalapura (Narwar) branch

• Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
• Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
• Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
• Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150)

Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)

Main article: Jaipur State

See also: Kachwahas and Dhundhar

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom & established Kachwaha dynasty, which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

Rulers

• 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 'Sorha Dev' (d. 1006)
• 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 'Dulha Rao' (d. 1036)
• 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 'Kakil' (d. 1039)
• 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 'Hanu' (d. 1053)
• 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 'Janddeo' (d. 1070)
• 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 'Pajjun Rai' (d. 1094)
• 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 'Malayasi' (d. 1146)
• 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 'Vijaldeo' (d. 1179)
• 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 'Rajdeo' (d. 1216)
• 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 'Kilhan' (d. 1276)
• 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 'Kuntal' (d. 1317)
• 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 'Jonsi' (d. 1366)
• 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 'Udaikarn' (d. 1388)
• 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 'Narsingh' (d. 1428)
• 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 'Banbir' (d. 1439)
• 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 'Udharn' (d. 1467)
• 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 'Chandrasen' (d. 1503)
• 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 'Prithviraj Singh I' (d. 1527)
• 4 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 'Puranmal' (d. 1534)
• 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 'Bhim Singh' (d. 1537)
• 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 'Ratan Singh' (d. 1548)
• 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 'Askaran' (d. 1599)
• 1 June 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 'Bharmal' (d. 1574)
• 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 'Bhagwant Das' (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
• 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 'Man Singh' (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
• 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 'Bhau Singh' (d. 1621)
• 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 'Jai Singh I' (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
• 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: 'Ram Singh I' (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
• 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: 'Bishan Singh' (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
• 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: 'Jai Singh II' (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
• 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: 'Ishwari Singh' (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
• 1750 – 5 Mar 1768: 'Madho Singh I' (b. 1728 – d. 1768)
• 1768 – 13 Apr 1778: 'Prithvi Singh II' (b. c. 1762 – d. 1778)
• 1778 – 1803: 'Pratap Singh' (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
• 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: 'Jagat Singh II' (b. ... – d. 1818)
• 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: 'Mohan Singh' (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
• 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: 'Jai Singh III' (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
• Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: 'Ram Singh II' (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
• 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: 'Madho Singh II' (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
• 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): 'Sawai Man Singh II' (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
• 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): 'Sawai Man Singh II' (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.

Titular rulers

• 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: 'Sawai Man Singh II'
• 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: 'Sawai Bhawani Singh' (b. 1931 – d. 2011)

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

• 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: 'Sawai Bhawani Singh' (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
• 17 Apr 2011 – present: 'Padmanabh Singh' (b. 1998)

Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)

Main article: Hoysala Empire

• Nripa Kama (1000–1045)

Hoysala Kings (1026–1343)
Nripa Kama II	(1026–1047)
Vinayaditya	(1047–1098)
Ereyanga	(1098–1102)
Veera Ballala I	(1102–1108)
Vishnuvardhana	(1108–1152)
Narasimha I	(1152–1173)
Veera Ballala II	(1173–1220)
Vira Narasimha II	(1220–1235)
Vira Someshwara	(1235–1263)
Narasimha III	(1263–1292)
Veera Ballala III	(1292–1343)
Harihara Raya (Vijayanagara Empire)	(1342–1355)

Sena dynasty (1070–1230)

Main article: Sena dynasty

See also: History of Bengal

• Hemanta Sen (1070–1096)
• Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
• Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
• Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
• Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
• Keshab Sen (1225–1230)

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Main article: Kakatiya dynasty

• Beta I (1000–1030)
• Prola I (1030–1075)
• Beta II (1075–1110)
• Prola II (1110–1158)
• Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
• Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
• Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
• Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
• Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]

Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197)

Main article: Gahadavala dynasty

• Chandradeva (c. 1089–1103 CE)
• Madanapala (c. 1104–1113 CE)
• Govindachandra (c. 1114–1155 CE
• Vijayachandra (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
• Jayachandra (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
• Harishchandra (c. 1194–1197 CE)

Zamorin kingdom of Calicut (1124–1806 CE)

Main article: Zamorin

First dynasty

The original seat of the aristocratic clan was Nediyiruppu and the head of the house was known as Nediyiruppu Mutta Eradi, a title enjoyed by the fifth in rank from the Zamorin. Under the Kodungallur Chera rulers the Mutta Eradi governed Ernad with the title of "Ernad Utaiyar". Later the clan abandoned its ancestral house and transferred its residence to the present day Kozhikode.

No. of Zamorin	Name	Reign	Important events
1	Mana Vikrama (Manikkan)	N/A	The legendary founder of the ruling family.
27		8 years	Kozhikode city is established
65		1339–1347	Ibn Battuta at Kozhikode (1342–1347)
73		1402–1410	Ma Huan at Kozhikode (1403)
78		1442–1450	The visits of Abdur Razzak (1442) and Niccolò de' Conti (1444)
81	Mana Vikrama the Great	1466–1474	Athanasius Nikitin (1468–1474) visits Kozhikode.
82	Mana Veda	1474–1482
84		1495–1500	The arrival of Vasco da Gama (1498)
85		1500–1513	The occupations of Kochi (1503–1504)
86		1513–1522	Treaty with Portuguese (1513), and the erection of the Portuguese fort at Calicut (1514)
87		1522–1529	The expulsion of Portuguese from Calicut
88		1529–1531	The building of Portuguese fort at Chaliyam (1531)
89		1531–1540	Battles with the Portuguese
90		1540–1548	Treaty with Portuguese (1540)
91		1548–1560	Adoption of the chief of Bardela (150) and the battles with the Portuguese.
92	Viraraya	1560–1562
93	Mana Vikrama	1572–1574	The expulsion of the Portuguese from Chaliyam (1571)
94		1574–1578	Battles with the Portuguese
95		1578–1588	The Portuguese allowed a factory at Ponnani (1584)
96		1588–1597	The settlement of the Portuguese at Calicut (1591)
97		1597–1599	Battles with Marakkar (1598–1599)
98		1599–1604	Capture of Marakkar's stronghold (1600)
99		1604–1617	Siege of Cannanore (1604–1617) and treaties with the Dutch (1604 and 1608) and the English (1615)
100	Mana Vikrama	1617–1627
101		1627–1630
102		1630–1637
103	Mana Vikrama (Saktan Tampuran)	1637–1648	The uncle of the author of the Krishnanatakam
104	Tiruvonam Tirunal	1648–1655
105	Mana Veda	1655–1658	The author of the Krishnanatakam
106	Asvati Tirunal	1658–1662	The expulsion of the Portuguese from Kodungallur (1662)
107	Puratam Tirunal	16621666	The expulsion of Portuguese from Kochi (1663)
108		1666–1668	Battles with the Dutch
109		1668–1671	The destruction of the Cheraman Sword
110	Uttrattati Tirunal	1671–1684	Cession of Chetwai to the Dutch
111	Bharani Tirunal Mana Vikrama	1684–1705	The terror of the Dutch. Two Mamankams (1694 and 1695)
112	Nileswaram Tirunal	1705–1711	Adoptions from Nileswaram (1706 and 1707)
113		1711–1729	The Dutch War (1715–1718)
114	Mana Vikrama	1729–1741

Note: Italic names only indicate the asterism under which the Zamorin is born

Second Dynasty

It seems that the original ruling family came to an end with the 114th Zamorin of Calicut. The 115th Zamorin, the first of the second ruling family, was the oldest of the princes adopted from Nileshwaram in 1706.

No. of Zamorin	Name	Reign	Important events
115	Zamorin from Kilakke Kovilakam	1741–1746
116	Putiya Kovilakam	1746–1758	The Dutch War (1753–1758)
117	Kilakke Kovilakam	1758–1766	Battles with Travancore and the invasion of Mysore, committed suicide. Annexed by Mysore.
118	Putiya Kovilakam	1766–1788
119	Kerala Varma Vikrama (Putiya Kovilakam)	1788–1798	Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)
120	Krishna Varma (Putiya Kovilakam)	1798–1806	Agreement of 1806 with EIC (died in 1816)

Kalachuris of Kalyani (1130–1184)

Main article: Kalachuris of Kalyani

• Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162
• Sovideva (1168–1176)
• Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
• Sankama (1176–1180)
• Ahavamalla (1180–83)
• Singhana (1183–84)

Bhati kingdom of Jaisalmer (c. 1153–1947 CE)

Main article: Jaisalmer State

See also: Bhati, Jaisalmer, and Rawal

Rawals

• Rawal Jaisal Singh

(1153–1168), founder of kingdom

• Rawal Shalivahan Singh II (1168–1200)
• Rawal Baijal Singh (1200–1200)
• Rawal Kailan Singh (1200–1219)
• Rawal Chachak Deo Singh (1219–1241)
• Rawal Karan Singh I (1241–1271)
• Rawal Lakhan Sen (1271–1275)
• Rawal Punpal Singh (1275–1276)
• Rawal Jaitsi Singh I (1276–1294)
• Rawal Mulraj Singh I (1294–1295)
• Rawal Durjan Sal (Duda) (1295–1306)
• Rawal Gharsi Singh (1306–1335)
• Rawal Kehar Singh II (1335–1402)
• Rawal Lachhman Singh (1402–1436)
• Rawal Bersi Singh (1436–1448)
• Rawal Chachak Deo Singh II (1448–1457)
• Rawal Devidas Singh (1457–1497)
• Rawal Jaitsi Singh II (1497–1530)
• Rawal Karan Singh II (1530–1530)
• Rawal Lunkaran Singh (1530–1551)
• Rawal Maldev Singh (1551–1562)
• Rawal Harraj Singh (1562–1578)
• Rawal Bhim Singh (1578–1624)
• Rawal Kalyan Singh (1624–1634)
• Rawal Manohar Das Singh (1634–1648)
• Rawal Ram-Chandra Singh (1648–1651)
• Rawal Sabal Singh (1651–1661)

Maharawals

• Maharawal Amar Singh of Jaisalmer (1661–1702)
• Maharawal Jaswant Singh of Jaisalmer (1702–1708)
• Maharawal Budh Singh (1708–1722)
• Maharawal Akhi Singh (1722–1762)
• Maharawal Mulraj II (1762–1820)
• Maharawal Gaj Singh (1820–1846)
• Maharawal Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer (1846–1864)
• Maharawal Bairi Sal (1864–1891)
• Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III (1891 –1914)
• Maharawal Jawahir Singh (1914–1947)

Titular Kings

• Girdhar Singh (1949–1950)
• Raghunath Singh (1950–1982)
• Brijraj Singh (1982–2020)
• Chaitanya Raj Singh (2020–Till Present)

Chero dynasty (1174–1813)

Main article: Chero dynasty

• Ghughulia
• Raja Ramchandar Rai
• Raja Sita Ram Rai
• Raja Salabahim
• Raja Phulchand
• Raja Maharata Rai
• Raja Kumkum Chand Rai
• Raja Sambhal Rai
• Raja Bhagwant Rai (1585–1605)
• Raja Anant Rai (1605–1612)
• Raja Shambhal Rai (1612–1627)
• Raja Bhupal Rai (1637–1657)
• Maharaja Medini Rai (1658–1674)
• Raja Pratap Rai
• Raja Rudra Rai (1674–1680)
• Raja Dikpal Rai (1680–1697)
• Raja Saheb Rai (1697–1716)
• Raja Ranjit Rai (1716–1722)
• Raja Devi Batesh Rai
• Raja Jai Kishan Rai (1722–1770)
• Raja Chitrajeet Rai (1771–1771)
• Raja Gopal Rai (1771–1776)
• Raja Gajraj Rai (1777–1780)
• Raja Basant Rai (1780–1783)
• Raja Churaman Rai (1783–1813)

Chutia Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524)

Main article: Chutia Kingdom

• Birpal (1187–1224)
• Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
• Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
• Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
• Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
• Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
• Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
• Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
• Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
• Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
• Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
• Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
• Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
• Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
• Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
• Nitypal (1522–1524)

Bana dynasty ruled over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260)

Main articles: Bana Kingdom and Magadai

Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279)

Main article: Kadava dynasty

• Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
• Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)

Kingdom of Marwar (1226–1950)

Main article: Jodhpur State

See also: Rathore, Marwar, and Jodhpur

Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur

Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438)

Name		Notes	Reign began	Reign ended
1	Rao Siha	He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar (1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban.	1226	1273
2	Rao Asthan	Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji.	1273	1292
3	Rao Doohad	He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle against the Parihars.	1292	1309
4	Rao Raipal	He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to the people.	1309	1313
5	Rao Kanhapal	He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in action defending his lands.	1313	1323
6	Rao Jalansi	He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief to mark his supremacy in the region.	1323	1328
7	Rao Chado		1328	1344
8	Rao Tida	He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi.	1344	1357
9	Rao Kanha Dev		1357	1374
10	Rao Viram Dev	He died in battle against the Johiyas.	1374	1383
11	Rao Chandra	He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan.	1383	1424
12	Rao Kanha	Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore.	1424	1427
13	Rao Ranmal	He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodiyas of Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana Kumbha.	1427	1438

Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950)

Name		Notes	Reign began	Reign ended
1	Rao Jodha	Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He later founded the city of Jodhpur and made it his capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati.	12 May 1438	6 April 1489
2	Rao Satal	Died from wounds after saving 140 women from Afghan raiders.	6 April 1489	March 1492
3	Rao Suja		March 1492	2 October 1515
4	Rao Biram Singh	Son of Bagha	2 October 1515	8 November 1515
5	Rao Ganga	Assisted Rana Sanga in his campaigns against the Sultans of India.	8 November 1515	9 May 1532
6	Rao Maldeo	Successfully repelled the invasions of Sher Shah Suri. Called as one of the most potent rulers of Hindustan by Ferishta.	9 May 1532	7 November 1562
7	Rao Chandra Sen	He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire.	7 November 1562	1581
8	Raja Udai Singh Mota Raja	He was the father in law of Jahangir and got married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later on who became parents of Shah Jahan	4 August 1583	11 July 1595
9	Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal		11 July 1595	7 September 1619
10	Maharaja Gaj Singh I	The first to take the title Maharaja by himself	7 September 1619	6 May 1638
11	Maharaja Jaswant Singh	He fought Aurangzeb in the Battle of Dharmatpur.	6 May 1638	28 November 1678?
12	Maharaja Ajit Singh	Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war with Aurangzeb. Durgadas Rathore played a key role in the war.	19 February 1679	24 June 1724
13	Raja Indra Singh	Installed in opposition to Maharaja Ajit Singh by Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of Marwar	9 June 1679	4 August 1679
14	Maharaja Abhai Singh	Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of Gujarat for a short time.	24 June 1724	18 June 1749
15	Maharaja Ram Singh	First reign	18 June 1749	July 1751
16	Maharaja Bakht Singh	He was the general of the Marwari forces against Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the Battle of Gangwana he defeated a combined army of Mughals and Kachwahas.	July 1751	21 September 1752
17	Maharaja Vijay Singh	First reign	21 September 1752	31 January 1753
18	Maharaja Ram Singh	Second reign	31 January 1753	September 1772
19	Maharaja Vijay Singh	Second reign – Was defeated by Mahadji Scindia and forced to surrender the fort and city of Ajmer.	September 1772	17 July 1793
20	Maharaja Bhim Singh		17 July 1793	19 October 1803
21	Maharaja Man Singh	Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6 January 1818.	19 October 1803	4 September 1843
22	Maharaja Sir Takht Singh	Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar.	4 September 1843	13 February 1873
23	Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II	Kaisar-i-Hind	13 February 1873	11 October 1895
24	Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh	Colonel in the British Indian Army	11 October 1895	20 March 1911
25	Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh	Colonel in the British Indian Army	20 March 1911	3 October 1918
26	Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh	Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army	3 October 1918	9 June 1947
27	Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh	Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952	9 June 1947	7 April 1949
28	(titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur	Became head of the House on 26 January 1952	26 January 1952	Present

Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)

Main article: Delhi Sultanate

Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)

Main article: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)

• Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)
• Aram Shah (1210–1211)
• Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
• Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
• Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
• Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
• Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
• Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
• Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
• Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
• Shamsudin Kayumars(1290)

Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)

Main article: Khilji dynasty

• Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290–1296)
• Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316)
• Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khilji (1316)
• Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah Khilji (1316–1320)
• Khusro Khan khilji (1320)

Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)

Main article: Tughlaq dynasty

• Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq I (1321–1325)
• Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I (1325–1351)
• Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
• Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
• Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
• Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
• Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)
• Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)

Main article: Jaunpur Sultanate

• Malik Sarwar 1394–1399 C.E.
• Mubarak Shah Malik Qaranfal 1399–1402
• Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim Shah Ibrahim Khan 1402–1440
• Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Mahmud Khan 1440–1457
• Muhammad Shah Bhi Khan 1457–1458
• Hussain Shah Hussain Khan 1458–1479

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)

Main article: Sayyid dynasty

• Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
• Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
• Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
• Alam Shah (1445–1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)

Main article: Lodi dynasty

• Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
• Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
• Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)

Vaghela dynasty (c. 1244–1304 CE)

Main article: Vaghela dynasty

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

• Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
• Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
• Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
• Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
• Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.

Jaffna Kingdom (Aryacakravarti dynasty) (c. 1277–1619 CE)

Main article: Jaffna Kingdom

• Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan (1277–1284)
• Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)
• Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)
• Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)
• Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)
• Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)
• Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)
• Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)
• Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)
• Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
• Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
• Cankili I (1519–1561)
• Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
• Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)
• Periyapillai (1565–1582)
• Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)
• Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619)

Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)

Main article: Bahmani dynasty

• Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
• Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
• Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
• Daud Shah I (1378)
• Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
• Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
• Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
• Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)
• Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
• Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
• Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
• Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)
• Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)
• Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)
• Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
• Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
• Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
• Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)

Main article: Malwa Sultanate

Ghoris (1390–1436)

• Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
• Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
• Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
• Masud Khan (1436)

Khaljis (1436–1535)

• Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
• Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
• Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
• Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

Under Gujarat (1530–1534)

• Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)

Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (1375–1523)

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.

Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST)	Reign	Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
Vīrasiṃha-deva	c. 1375-1400 (c. 1394-1400 in Gwalior)	Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).
Uddharaṇa-deva	c. 1400–1402	Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)
Virāma-deva	c. 1402–1423	Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta's writings)
Gaṇapati-deva	1423–1425	Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha	1425–1459	Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva	1459–1480	Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla	1480–1486	Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha	1486–1516	Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya	1516–1523	Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

Shahi dynasties (1490–1686)

Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619)

Main article: Bidar Sultanate

• Qasim Barid I 1490–1504
• Amir Barid I 1504–1542
• Ali Barid Shah I 1542–1580
• Ibrahim Barid Shah 1580–1587
• Qasim Barid Shah II 1587–1591
• Ali Barid Shah II 1591
• Amir Barid Shah II 1591–1601
• Mirza Ali Barid Shah III 1601–1609
• Amir Barid Shah III 1609–1619

Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572)

Main article: Berar Sultanate

• Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
• Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1530)
• Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
• Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
• Tufal Khan 1574

Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686)

Main article: Adil Shahi dynasty

• Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1511)
• Ismail Adil Shah (1511–1534)
• Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
• Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
• Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
• Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
• Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur (1627–1657)
• Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
• Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)

Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636)

Main article: Ahmadnagar Sultanate

• Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I 1490–1510
• Burhan Nizam Shah I 1510–1553
• Hussain Nizam Shah I 1553–1565
• Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565–1588
• Hussain Nizam Shah II 1588–1589
• Ismail Nizam Shah 1589–1591
• Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591–1595
• Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1595–1596
• Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II 1596
• Bahadur Nizam Shah 1596–1600
• Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1600–1610
• Burhan Nizam Shah III 1610–1631
• Hussain Nizam Shah III 1631–1633
• Murtaza Nizam Shah III 1633–1636

Qadirid (1535–1555)

• Qadir Shah (1535–1542)
• Under the Mughal Empire (1542–1555)

Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686)

Main article: Qutb Shahi dynasty

• Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
• Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
• Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
• Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
• Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
• Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
• Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
• Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1686)

Ahom dynasty of Assam (1228–1826)

Main article: Ahom dynasty

See also: History of Assam

• Sukaphaa (1228–1268)
• Suteuphaa (1268–1281)
• Subinphaa (1281–1293)
• Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)
• Sukhrampha (1332–1364)
• Interregnum (1364–1369)
• Sutuphaa (1369–1376)
• Interregnum (1376–1380)
• Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)
• Interregnum (1389–1397)
• Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
• Sujangphaa (1407–1422)
• Suphakphaa (1422–1439)
• Susenphaa (1439–1488)
• Suhenphaa (1488–1493)
• Supimphaa (1493–1497)
• Swarganarayan (1497–1539)
• Suklenmung (1539–1552)
• Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)
• Pratap Singha (1603–1641)
• Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)
• Sutingphaa (1644–1648)
• Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)
• Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)
• Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)
• Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)
• Suhunga (1674–1675)
• Gobar (1675–1675)
• Sujinphaa (1675–1677)
• Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)
• Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)
• Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)
• Rudra Singha (1696–1714)
• Siba Singha (1714–1744)
• Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)
• Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)
• Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)
• Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)
• Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)
• Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)
• Purandar Singha (1818–1819)
• Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)
• Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)
• Purandar Singha (1833–1838)

Manikya dynasty (c. 1400–1949)

Main article: Manikya dynasty

• Maha Manikya c.1400–1431
• Dharma Manikya I 1431–1462
• Ratna Manikya I 1462–c.1487
• Pratap Manikya c.1487
• Vijaya Manikya I 1488
• Mukut Manikya 1489
• Dhanya Manikya 1490–1515
• Dhwaja Manikya 1515–1520
• Deva Manikya 1520–1530
• Indra Manikya I 1530–1532
• Vijaya Manikya II 1532–1563
• Ananta Manikya 1563–1567
• Udai Manikya 1567–1573
• Joy Manikya I 1573–1577
• Amar Manikya 1577–1585
• Rajdhar Manikya I 1586–1600
• Ishwar Manikya 1600
• Yashodhar Manikya 1600–1623
• Kalyan Manikya 1626–1660
• Govinda Manikya 1660–1661 (first reign)
• Chhatra Manikya 1661–1667
• Govinda Manikya 1667–1673 (second reign)
• Rama Manikya 1673–1685
• Ratna Manikya II 1685–1693 (first reign)
• Narendra Manikya 1693–1695
• Ratna Manikya II 1695–1712 (second reign)
• Mahendra Manikya 1712–1714
• Dharma Manikya II 1714–1725 (first reign)
• Jagat Manikya 1725–1729
• Dharma Manikya II 1729 (second reign)
• Mukunda Manikya 1729–1739
• Joy Manikya II 1739–1744
• Indra Manikya II 1744–1746
• Vijaya Manikya III 1746–1748
• Lakshman Manikya c. 1750s
• Krishna Manikya 1760–1783
• Rajdhar Manikya II 1785–1806
• Rama Ganga Manikya 1806–1809 (first reign)
• Durga Manikya 1809–1813
• Rama Ganga Manikya 1813–1826 (second reign)
• Kashi Chandra Manikya 1826–1829
• Krishna Kishore Manikya 1829–1849
• Ishan Chandra Manikya 1849–1862
• Bir Chandra Manikya 1862–1896
• Radha Kishore Manikya 1896–1909
• Birendra Kishore Manikya 1909–1923
• Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya 1923–1947
• Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 1947–1949
• Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 1949–2006 (Tripura after mergered with India)
• Pradyot Kishore Manikya 2006 – present

Baro-Bhuyan (1576–1632)

Main article: Baro-Bhuyan

• Isa Khan
• Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)
• Masum Khan

Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

Main article: Nayaka dynasties

Musunuri Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1325–1368 CE)

Main article: Musunuri Nayakas

There were two Musunuri Nayak:

• Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323–1333)
• Musunuri Kapaya Nayak (1333–1368)

Recherla Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1368–1435 CE)

Main article: Recherla Nayakas

Known rulers are:

• Anapota Nayaka

Gandikota Kingdom (Pemmasani Nayaks) (c. 1441–1685 CE)

Main article: Pemmasani Nayaks

This is the list of Pemmasani Kings:

• Pemmasani Kumara Veera Timma Nayaka (1441–1462)
• Pemmasani Chenna vibhudu (1462–1505)
• Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayaka (1505–1540)
• Pemmasani Bangaru Timma Nayaka (1540–1565)
• Pemmasani Narasimha Nayaka (1565–1598)
• Pemmasani Timma Nayaka (1598–1623)
• Pemmasani Chinna Timma Nayaka (1623–1652)
• Pemmasani Veera Kumara Timma Nayaka (1652–1685)

Keladi Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1499–1763 CE)

Main article: Nayakas of Keladi

• Chauda Gowda, (1499–1530)
• Sadashiva Nayaka (1530–1566)
• Sankanna Nayaka (1566–1570)
• Chikka Sankanna Nayaka (1570–1580)
• Rama Raja Nayaka (1580–1586)
• Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka (1586–1629)
• Virabhadra Nayaka (1629–1645)
• Shivappa Nayaka (1645–1660)
• Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka (1660–1662)
• Bhadrappa Nayaka (1662–1664)
• Somashekara Nayaka I (1664–1672)
• Keladi Chennamma (1672–1697)
• Basavappa Nayaka (1697–1714)
• Somashekara Nayaka II (1714–1739)
• Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka (1739–1754)
• Chenna Basappa Nayaka (1754–1757)
• Queen Virammaji (1757–1763)

Gingee (Senji) Nayak Kingdom (c. 1509–1649 CE)

Main article: Nayaks of Gingee

Some of the Nayakas in the Gingee line were:

• Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
• Chennappa Nayaka
• Gangama Nayaka
• Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
• Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
• Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
• Varadappa Nayaka
• Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
• Venkata Perumal Naidu
• Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
• Ramakrishnappa Naidu (- 1649)

Srinivasachari takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and mentions the following Nayakas in the Gingee line, noting governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464:

• 1490 – Vaiyappa Nayak
• 1490–1520 – Tubaki Krishnappa Nayaka (originally Bala / Vala Krishnappa who became Tubbaki / Dubakki / Dubala Krishnappa in local legends).
• 1520–1540 – Achyuta Vijaya Ramachandra Nayak
• 1540–1550 – Muthialu Nayak
• 1570–1600 – Venkatappa Nayak
• 1600–1620 – Varadappa Nayak
• Appa Nayak – up to Muslim conquest.

Madurai Nayak Kingdom (c. 1529–1736 CE)

Main article: Madurai Nayak dynasty

• Viswanatha Nayak (1529–1563)
• Kumara Krishnappa Nayak (1563–1573)
• Joint Rulers Group I (1573–1595)
• Joint Rulers Group II (1595–1602)
• Muttu Krishnappa Nayak (1602–1609)
• Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609–1623)
• Tirumala Nayak (1623–1659)
• Muthu Alakadri Nayak (1659–1662)
• Chokkanatha Nayak (1662–1682)
• Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
• Rani Mangammal (1689–1704)
• Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayak (1704–1731)
• Queen Meenakshi (1731–1736)

Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (c. 1532–1673 CE)

Main article: Thanjavur Nayak kingdom

• Chevvappa Nayak a.k.a. Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
• Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)
• Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)
• Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)

Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)

Main article: Nayaks of Vellore

The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

• Chinna Bommi Reddy
• Thimma Reddy Nayak
• Lingama Nayak

Chitradurga Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1588–1779 CE)

Main article: Nayakas of Chitradurga

• Timmanna Nayaka (1568–1589)
• Obanna Nayaka I (1588–1602)
• Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I (1602–1652)
• Madakari Nayaka II (1652–1674)
• Obanna Nayaka II (1674–1675)
• Shoora Kantha Nayaka (1675–1676)
• Chikkanna Nayaka (1676–1686)
• Madakari Nayaka III (1686–1688)
• Donne Rangappa Nayaka (1688–1689)
• Bharamanna Nayaka of Bilichodu (1689–1721)
• Madakari Nayaka IV (1721–1748)
• Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II (1748–1758),
• Madakari Nayaka (1758–1779)

Kandy Nayak Kingdom (c. 1739–1815 CE)

Main article: Nayaks of Kandy

• Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (1739–1747)
• Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747–1782)
• Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha (1782–1798)
• Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798–1815)

Other Nayaka kingdoms

• Nayakas of Shorapur
• Nayakas of Kalahasti
• Nayakas of Harappanahalli
• Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
• Nayakas of Kuppam
• Nayakas of Rayalaseema
• Nayakas of Jarimale
• Nayakas of Gudekote
• Nayakas of Nayakanahatti

Reddy dynasty (1325–1548)

Main article: Reddi Kingdom

• Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335)
• Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
• Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
• Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
• Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
• Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
• Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448)

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)

Main article: Vijayanagara Empire

Sangama dynasty (1336–1487)

Main article: Sangama dynasty

• Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336–1343
• Bukka I (1343–1379)
• Harihara II (1379–1399)
• Bukka II (1399–1406)
• Deva Raya I (1406–1412)
• Vira Vijaya (1412–1419)
• Deva Raya II (1419–1444)
• (Not known) (1444–1449)
• Mallikarjuna (1452–1465)
• Rajasekhara (1468–1469)
• Virupaksha I (1470–1471)
• Praudha Deva Raya (1476–?)
• Rajasekhara (1479–1480)
• Virupaksha II (1483–1484)
• Rajasekhara (1486–1487)

Saluva dynasty (1490–1567)

Main article: Saluva dynasty

• Narasimha (1490–1503)
• Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1503–1509)
• Achyuta (1530–1542)
• Sadasiva (1542–1567)

Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)

Main article: Tuluva dynasty

• Tuluva Narasa Nayaka(1491–1503)
• Viranarasimha Raya (1503–1509)
• Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529)
• Achyuta Deva Raya (1529–1542)
• Venkata I (1542)
• Sadasiva raya (1543–1576)

Aravidu Dynasty (1542–1646)

• Aliya Rama Raya (1542–1565), regent
• Tirumala Deva Raya (1570–1572)
• Sriranga I (1572–1586)
• Venkata II (1586–1614)
• Sriranga II (1614)
• Venkata III (1630–1642)
• Sriranga III (1642–1646)

Gatti Mudalis (15th–17th century)

Main article: Gatti Mudalis

• Vanagamudi Gatti
• Immudi Gatti
• Gatti Mudali

Kingdom of Mysore (1371–1950)

Main article: Kingdom of Mysore

Wodeyar dynasty (first rule, 1371–1761)

Main article: Wodeyar dynasty

• Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1371–1423)
• Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
• Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
• Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
• Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
• Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
• Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)
• Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)
• (Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
• Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
• Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
• Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
• Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
• (Immadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761
• Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali
• Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796

The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799.

Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)

• Hyder Ali (1761–1782)
• Tipu Sultan–(1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali.

Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)

• (Mummudi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)
• H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
• (Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)
• Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950)

Gajapati Empire (1434–1541)

Main article: Gajapati Kingdom

• Kapilendra Deva (1434–67)
• Purushottama Deva (1467–97)
• Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)
• Kalua Deva (1540–41)
• Kakharua Deva (1541)

Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (1472–1950)

Main article: Bikaner State

See also: Rathore, Bikaner, and Jangladesh

Name		Reign Began	Reign Ended
1	Rao Bika	1472	1504
2	Rao Narayan Singh	1504	1505
3	Rao Luna Karana Lon-Karan	1505	1526
4	Rao Jait Singh Jetasi	1526	1542
5	Rao Kalyan Mal – Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor Akbar at Nagaur in November 1570	1542	1574
6	Rao Rai Singh I Rai Rai Singh – Important General in the Mughal army Similar to Raja Man Singh I of Amber.	1574	1612
7	Rai Dalpat Singh Dalip	1612	1613
8	Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya	1613	1631
9	Rao Karan Singh Jangalpat Badhshah – Deposed by Emperor Aurangzeb for dereliction of duty at Attock, 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel gardens at Karanpura, in the Deccan	1631	1667
10	Maharaja Rao Anup Singh – To be the first to be granted the title 'Maharaja' by Emperor Aurangzeb. Served in the Deccan campaign at Salher in 1672, Bijapur in 1675, and the siege of Golconda in 1687. He was administrator of Aurangabad 1677–1678, Hakim of Adoni, 1678, Imtiazgarh, Adoni 1689–1693, and of Nusratabad, Sukkar 1693–1698.	1669	1698
11	Maharaja Rao Sarup Singh – He died from smallpox, at Adoni, in the Deccan, 15 December 1700.	1698	1700
12	Maharaja Rao Sujan Singh – Ordered to attend Emperor Aurangzeb in the Deccan, where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from Maharaja Abhai Singh of Jodhpur and Maharaja Bakht Singh of Nagaur, but successfully repulsed both.	1700	1735
13	Maharaja Rao Zorawar Singh	1735	1746
14	Maharaja Rao Gaj Singh – the first of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor Alamgir II	1746	1787
15	Maharaja Rao Rai Singh II Raj Singh	1787	1787
16	Maharaja Rao Pratap Singh – Reigned under the Regency of his uncle Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne	1787	1787
17	Maharaja Rao Surat Singh – He incurred huge debts due to his military adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the protection of the East India Company with a subsidiary alliance on 9 March 1818.	1787	1828
18	Narendra Maharaja Rao Ratan Singh – received the hereditary title of Narendra Maharaja from Emperor Akbar Shah II and assisted the British by furnishing them with supplies during the First Afghan War of 1841.	1828	1851
19	Narendra Maharaja Rao Sardar Singh – Assisted the British during the Indian Uprising of 1857 and served in person during many of the battles. Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the words with "Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria".	1851	1872
20	Narendra Maharaja Rao Dungar Singh – Assisted the British during the Second Afghan War.	1872	1887
21	General Narendra Maharaja Sir Rao Ganga Singh – Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Bikaner, 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the League of Nations.	1887	1943
22	Lieutenant-General Narendra Maharaja Sir Rao Sadul Singh – Signed the instrument of accession to the Dominion of India on 7 August 1947. Merged his state into the present state of Rajasthan, India on 30 March 1949.	1943	1950
23	Rao Karni Singh	1950	1971

Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)

Main article: Kingdom of Cochin

Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal Nayanar, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.

1. Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
2. Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
3. Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
4. Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
5. Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
6. Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
7. Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
8. Godavarma (1637–1645)
9. Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
10. Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
11. Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
12. Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
13. Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
14. Goda Varma (1662–1663)
15. Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
16. Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
17. Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
18. Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
19. Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
20. Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
21. Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
22. Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
23. Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
24. Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
25. Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
26. Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
27. Rama Varma X (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
28. Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month (Kollam Era))
29. Rama Varma XI (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
30. Rama Varma XII (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
31. Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
32. Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
33. Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
34. Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
35. Kerala Varma V (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
36. Rama Varma XV (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
37. Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
38. Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
39. Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
40. Ravi Varma V (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
41. Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
42. Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran

Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1949 CE)

Main article: Koch dynasty

Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)

• Biswa Singha (1515–1540)
• Nara Narayan (1540–1586)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)

Further information: Cooch Behar State

• Lakshmi Narayan
• Bir Narayan
• Pran Narayan
• Basudev Narayan
• Mahindra Narayan
• Roop Narayan
• Upendra Narayan
• Devendra Narayan
• Dhairjendra Narayan
• Rajendra Narayan
• Dharendra Narayan
• Harendra Narayan
• Shivendra Narayan
• Narendra Narayan
• Nripendra Narayan
• Rajendra Narayan II
• Jitendra Narayan (father of Gayatri Devi)
• Jagaddipendra Narayan
• Jagaddipendra Narayan (ruled till 1949) ]] (ruled till 1949)

Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)

Further information: Koch Hajo

• Raghudev (son of Chilarai, nephew of Nara Narayan)
• Parikshit Narayan

Rulers of Darrang

Parikshit Narayana was attacked by the Mughals stationed at Dhaka in alliance with Lakshmi Narayan of Koch Bihar in 1612. His kingdom Koch Hajo, bounded by Sankosh River in the west and Barnadi river in the east, was occupied by the end of that year. Parikshit Narayan was sent to Delhi for an audience with the Mughal Emperor, but his brother Balinarayan escaped and took refuge in the Ahom kingdom. The region to the east of Barnadi and up to the Bharali river was under the control of some Baro-Bhuyan chieftains, but they were soon removed by the Mughals. In 1615 the Mughals, under Syed Hakim and Syed Aba Bakr, attacked the Ahoms but were repelled back to the Barnadi river. The Ahom king, Prataap Singha, then established Balinarayan as a vassal in the newly acquired region between Barnadi and Bharali rivers, and called it Darrang. Balinarayan's descendants continued to rule the region till it was annexed by the British in 1826.

• Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
• Mahendra Narayan
• Chandra Narayan
• Surya Narayan

Rulers of Beltola

Main article: History of Beltola

• Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of Koch Hajo, brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of Darrang).
• Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)
• Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)
• Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
• Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
• Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
• Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)
• Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
• Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
• Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
• Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
• Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)

Rulers of Bijni

The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of Koch Bihar.

• Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
• Joy Narayan
• Shiv Narayan
• Bijoy Narayan
• Mukunda Narayan
• Haridev Narayan
• Balit Narayan
• Indra Narayan
• Amrit Narayan
• Kumud Narayan
• Jogendra Narayan
• Bhairabendra Narayan

Rulers of Khaspur

The Barak valley was obtained by Chilarai in 1562 from the Twipra kingdom during his expedition when he subjugated most of the major rulers in Northeast India and established the Khaspur state with a garrison at Brahmapur, that eventually came to be called Khaspur (Brahmapur→Kochpur→Khaspur). The Koch rule began with the appointment of Kamal Narayan (step-brother of Chilarai and Naranarayan) as the Dewan a couple of years after the establishment of the garrison. Kamalnarayan established eighteen clans of Koch families that took hereditary roles in the state of Khaspur and who came to be known as Dheyans (after Dewan). The independent rule of the Khaspur rulers ended in 1745 when it merged with the Kachari kingdom.

The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:

• Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
• Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
• Vijay Narayana
• Dhir Narayana
• Mahendra Narayana
• Ranjit
• Nara Singha
• Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of Kachari kingdom, and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)

Mughal Empire (1526–1857)

Main article: Mughal Empire

• Babur (1526–1530), founder of the dynasty
• Humayun (1530–1540)
• Akbar (1556–1605)
• Jahangir (1605–1627)
• Shah Jahan (1627–1657)
• Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
• Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)
• Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
• Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
• Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
• Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
• Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
• Nikusiyar (1719)
• Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)
• Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)
• Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)
• Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)
• Alamgir II (1754–1759)
• Shah Jahan III (1760)
• Shah Alam II (1759–1806)
• Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)
• Bahadur Shah Zafar II (1837–1857), last of Mughals

Suri dynasty (1540–1555)

Main article: Suri dynasty

• Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
• Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
• Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
• Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
• Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
• Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
• Adil Shah Suri (1555–1556)

Chogyal rulers of Sikkim (1642–1975)

Main article: Chogyal

See also: History of Sikkim

• Phuntsog Namgyal (1642–1670): Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.
• Tensung Namgyal (1670–1700): Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.
• Chakdor Namgyal (1700–1717): His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.
• Gyurmed Namgyal (1717–1733): Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.
• Phuntsog Namgyal II (1733–1780): Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.
• Tenzing Namgyal (1780–1793): Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.
• Tsugphud Namgyal (1793–1863): The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.
• Sidkeong Namgyal (1863–1874)
• Thutob Namgyal (1874–1914): John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.
• Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (1914): The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.
• Tashi Namgyal (1914–1963): Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.
• Palden Thondup Namgyal (1963–1975): The last Chogyal of Sikkim.

Maratha Empire (1674–1950)

Main article: Maratha Empire

See also: Bhonsle and Chhatrapati

Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj era

• Shivaji (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
• Sambhaji (1680–1689), elder son of Shivaji
• Rajaram Chhatrapati (1689–1700), younger son of Shivaji
• Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
• Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

The Empire was divided between two branches of the family c. 1707–10; and the division was formalized in 1731.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)

Main article: Kolhapur State

• Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
• Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
• Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
• Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
• Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
• Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
• Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
• Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
• Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
• Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
• Council of regency (1870–94)
• Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
• Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
• Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)

See also: History of Satara district and Satara state

• Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
• Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
• Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
• Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
• Shahaji III (1839–1848)
• Pratapsinh I (adopted)
• Rajaram III
• Pratapsinh II
• Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)

The Peshwas (1713–1858)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of Chattrapati Shahu, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

See also: Peshwa

• Balaji Vishwanath (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
• Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)
• Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)
• Madhavrao Ballal (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)
• Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec 1772 – 30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August 1773)
• Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)
• Sawai Madhavrao (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)
• Baji Rao II (6 Dec 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)
• Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)

Bhosale Maharajas of Thanjavur (1674–1855)

Main article: Thanjavur Maratha kingdom

Descended from a brother of Shivaji; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the Maratha Empire.

• Ekoji I (r. 1674–84)
• Shahuji I (r. 1684–1712), son of Ekoji I
• Serfoji I (r. 1712–28), son of Ekoji I
• Tukkoji (r. 1728–36), son of Ekoji I
• Ekoji II (r. 1736–37), son of Tukkoji
• Sujana Bai (r. 1737–38), wife of Ekoji II
• Shahuji II (r. 1738–39), son of Serfoji I
• Pratapsingh (r. 1739–63), son of Tukkoji
• Thuljaji (r. 1763–87), elder son of Pratapasingh
• Serfoji II (r. 1787–93 & 1798–1832), adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
• Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (r. 1793–98), younger son of Pratapasimha
• Shivaji (r. 1832–55), son of Serfoji II

The state was annexed by the British in 1855.

Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)

Main article: Nagpur kingdom

• Raghoji I (1738–1755)
• Janoji (1755–1772)
• Sabaji (1772–1775)
• Mudhoji I (1775–1788)
• Raghoji II (1788–1816)
• Parsoji Bhonsle (1800–1850)
• Mudhoji II (1816–1818)
• Raghoji III (1818–1853)
• The kingdom was annexed by the British on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.

Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)

Main article: Holkar

See also: Indore State

• Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
• Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
• Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
• Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
• Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
• Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)
• Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)
• Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
• Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
• Khanderao Harirao Holkar II (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 March 1844)
• Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
• Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
• Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
• Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

Scindia of Gwalior (1731–1947)

Main article: Scindia

See also: Gwalior State

• Ranojirao Scindia (1731–19 July 1745)
• Jayapparao Scindia (1745–25 July 1755)
• Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
• Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760
• Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
• Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
• Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
• Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
• Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
• Jankoji Rao Scindia II (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
• Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
• Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
• George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

• Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)
• Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)

Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (1721–1947)

Main article: Gaekwad dynasty

See also: Baroda State

• Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
• Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
• Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
• Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
• Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
• Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
• Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
• Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II (1818–1847)
• Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
• Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
• Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
• Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
• Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)

Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom (c. 1674–1855 CE)

Main article: Thanjavur Marathas

The Thanjavur Marathas were the rulers of Thanjavur principality of Tamil Nadu between the 17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was Thanjavur Marathi. Venkoji, Shahaji's son and Shivaji's half brother, was the founder of the dynasty.

List of rulers

• Venkoji
• Shahuji I of Thanjavur
• Serfoji I
• Tukkoji
• Pratapsingh of Thanjavur
• Thuljaji
• Serfoji II
• Shivaji II of Thanjavur

The Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (c. 1707–1856 CE)

Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770 CE)

Main article: Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad

• Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)
• Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)
• Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)
• Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)
• Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)
• Mir Jafar (1757–1760)
• Mir Qasim (1760–1763)
• Mir Jafar (1763–1765)
• Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)
• Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)

Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858 CE)

Main article: Oudh State

• Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)
• Safdarjung (1737–1753)
• Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)
• Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)
• Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)
• Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)
• Ghazi-ud-Din Haider (1814–1827)
• Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)
• Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)
• Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)
• Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)
• Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)

Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948 CE)

Main articles: Hyderabad State and Nizam of Hyderabad

• Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)
• Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)
• Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)
• Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)
• Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)
• Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)
• Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)
• Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)
• Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)
• Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)

Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1949)

Main article: Travancore

• Marthanda Varma (1729–1758)
• Dharma Raja (1758–1798)
• Balarama Varma (1798–1810)
• Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815)
• Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)
• Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846)
• Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860)
• Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880)
• Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885)
• Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924)
• Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931)
• Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949)

Sikh Empire (1801–1849)

Main article: Sikh Empire

• Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839)
• Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
• Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh
• Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly Regent
• Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh
• Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh

The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars

Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952)

Main article: Dogra dynasty

Ruler		Reign	Notes
Gulab Singh		1846–1856	Founder of Dogra dynasty and the first Maharaja of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir, the second largest princely state under the British Raj, which was created after the defeat of the Sikh Empire in the First Anglo-Sikh War. The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) formalised the sale by the British to Gulab Singh for 7,500,000 Nanakshahee Rupees of all the lands in Jammu and Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the Treaty of Lahore.
Ranbir Singh		1856–1885	Ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to poor health. He allied with the British during the Sepoy Mutiny. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex Gilgit which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the Ranbir Penal Code during his reign.
Pratap Singh		1885–1925	Reigned for 40 years from 1885 to 1925, the longest of all the Dogra rulers. Out of the four Dogra rulers, Maharaja Pratap Singh's era was a period of enlightenment for his subjects, particularly for Kashmiris. He established local self governing bodies, democratic processes, educational systems, health care and hygiene and infrastructure development during his reign. A beginning was made in local self-government by establishing municipalities at Jammu, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. By 1925, then Kashmir, particularly Srinagar had undergone significant social and cultural transformation.
Hari Singh	File:Maharaja hari singh ji.jpg	1925–1952	Ascended the throne following the death of his uncle, Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1925. He made primary education compulsory in the state, introduced laws prohibiting child marriage, and opened places of worship to the low castes. He signed the Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir to the Union of India on 26 October 1947, through which the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of the Dominion of India. He remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by Government of India under Jawaharlal Nehru.
Karan Singh (Prince Regent)		1949–1952	Appointed as Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir in 1949, at age of eighteen and served till the monarchy's abolition in 1952. He was appointed 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('Head of State') in 1952 and Governor of the State in 1964.

Emperors/Empresses of India (1857–1947)

See also: Emperor of India and British Raj

• Queen-Empress Victoria (1876–1901)
• King-Emperor Edward VII (1901–1910)
• King-Emperor George V (1910–1936)
• King-Emperor Edward VIII (1936)
• King-Emperor George VI (1936–1947)

Dominion of India (1947–1950)

See also: Dominion of India

• George VI, King of India (1947–1950) retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.

Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956)

See also: Dominion of Pakistan

• George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
• Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)

See also

• History of India
• History of Hinduism
• History of Pakistan
• Middle kingdoms of India
• List of Rajput dynasties and states
• List of Hindu empires and dynasties

Sources and external links

• Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace–Great Mughal Emperors of India

Timeline and cultural period Northwestern India (Punjab-Sapta Sindhu) Indo-Gangetic Plain Central India Southern India Upper Gangetic Plain (Ganga-Yamuna doab) Middle Gangetic Plain Lower Gangetic Plain IRON AGE Culture Late Vedic Period Late Vedic Period (Srauta culture) Painted Grey Ware culture Late Vedic Period (Shramanic culture) Northern Black Polished Ware Pre-history  6th century BCE Gandhara Kuru-Panchala Magadha Adivasi (tribes) Assaka Culture Persian-Greek influences "Second Urbanisation" Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga Pre-history  5th century BCE (Persian conquests) Shaishunaga dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Assaka  4th century BCE (Greek conquests) Nanda empire HISTORICAL AGE Culture Spread of Buddhism Pre-history  3rd century BCE Maurya Empire Satavahana dynasty Sangam period (300 BCE – 200 CE) Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Cheras Culture Preclassical Hinduism - "Hindu Synthesis" (ca. 200 BC - 300 CE) Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition Mahayana Buddhism  2nd century BCE Indo-Greek Kingdom Shunga Empire Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty Satavahana dynasty Sangam period (300 BCE – 200 CE) Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Cheras  1st century BCE  1st century CE Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians Kuninda Kingdom  2nd century Kushan Empire  3rd century Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom Kushan Empire Western Satraps Kamarupa kingdom Adivasi (tribes) Culture "Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. CE 320-650) Puranas Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism  4th century Kidarites Gupta Empire Varman dynasty Andhra Ikshvakus Kalabhra dynasty Kadamba Dynasty Western Ganga Dynasty  5th century Hephthalite Empire Alchon Huns Vishnukundina Kalabhra dynasty  6th century Nezak Huns Kabul Shahi Maitraka Adivasi (tribes) Vishnukundina Badami Chalukyas Kalabhra dynasty Culture Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100) Advaita Vedanta - Tantra Decline of Buddhism in India  7th century Indo-Sassanids Vakataka dynasty Empire of Harsha Mlechchha dynasty Adivasi (tribes) Badami Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan Kingdom (Revival) Pallava  8th century Kabul Shahi Pala Empire Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan Kingdom Kalachuri  9th century Gurjara-Pratihara Rashtrakuta dynasty Eastern Chalukyas Pandyan Kingdom Medieval Cholas Chera Perumals of Makkotai 10th century Ghaznavids Pala dynasty Kamboja-Pala dynasty Kalyani Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Medieval Cholas Chera Perumals of Makkotai Rashtrakuta References and sources for table References Sources