List of Tamil monarchs
Template:TNhistory
This is a list of Tamil-speaking monarchs, who ruled in Tamilakam and Sri Lanka and parts of south east Asia. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains.[1]
Tamil royal titles[edit]
- Perun-Ko, Perarasan, Irai, Iraivan (emperor)
- Perarasi (empress)
- Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan or Araiyan (king)
- Arasi (queen)
- Ilavarasi or Piratti (Princess)
- Ilam-Ko or Ilavarasan (prince)
- Kuru-nila Mannan or Chitarasan (petty king)
- Chitarasi (petty queen)
- Antavan (ruler)
Three Crowned Kings[edit]
Pandyan Kingdom[edit]
Early Pandyans (6th century BCE – 3rd century CE)[edit]
- Koon Pandiyan
- Nedunjeliyan I (he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi)
- Pudappandiyan
- Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi
- Nedunjeliyan II
- Nanmaran
- Nedunjeliyan III
- Maran Vazhudhi
- Kadalan Vazhudhi
- Mutriya Chezhiyan
- Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi
Medieval Pandyans (6th – 10th centuries CE)[edit]
- Kadungon (590–620 CE)
- Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620-645 CE)
- Jayantavarman (c. 645-670 CE)
- Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)
- Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710 CE-735 CE)
- Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
- Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
- Rasasingan II (790–800)
- Varagunan I (800–830)
- Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
- Varagunavarman II (862–880)
- Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
- Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)
Pandyans under Chola empire (10th – 13th centuries)[edit]
- Sundara Pandyan I
- Vira Pandyan I
- Vira Pandyan II
- Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
- Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
- Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
- Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
- Jatavarman Chola Pandya
- Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
- Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
- Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
- Kulasekara Pandyan III
- Vira Pandyan III
- Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
- Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)
Later Pandyans (13th – 14th centuries)[edit]
- Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
- Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
- Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
- Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
- Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
- Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
- Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
- Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)
Tenkasi Pandyans (15th – 17th centuries)[edit]
During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.
- Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan 1422–1463
- Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan 1429–1473
- Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan 1473–1506
- Kulasekara Pandyan 1479–1499
- Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan 1534–1543
- Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan 1543–1552
- Nelveli Maran 1552–1564
- Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan 1564–1604
- Varathunga Pandyan 1588–1612
- Varakunarama Pandyan 1613–1618
- Kollankondan ?–?
Chola Empire (c. 300 BCE–1280 CE)[edit]
Legendary Cholas[edit]
Early Cholas (c. 300 BCE –850 CE)[edit]
- Ellalan
- Kulakkottan
- Ilamcetcenni
- Karikalan
- Nedunkilli
- Nalankilli
- Killivalavan
- Kopperuncholan
- Kocengannan
- Perunarkilli
Imperial Cholas (850–1279 CE)[edit]
- Vijayalaya Chola 850-871
- Aditya Chola I 871–907
- Parantaka Chola I 907–955
- Gandaraditya Chola 955–962
- Arinjaya Chola 962–963
- Sundara Chola 963–980
- Uttama Chola 971–987
- Rajaraja Chola I 985–1014
- Rajendra Chola I 1012–1044
- Rajadhiraja Chola 1018–1054
- Rajendra Chola II 1051–1063
- Virarajendra Chola 1063–1070
- Athirajendra Chola 1067–1070
- Kulothunga Chola I 1070–1120
- Vikrama Chola 1118–1136
- Kulothunga Chola II 1133–1150
- Rajaraja Chola II 1146–1173
- Rajadhiraja Chola II 1163–1178
- Kulothunga Chola III 1178–1218
- Rajaraja Chola III 1216–1256
- Rajendra Chola III 1246–1279
Later Cholas (16th Century)[edit]
(early 16th century, opponent of Nagama Nayak) VASANTH k 1660 sect is tha latest king
Chera Kingdom[edit]
Early Cheras[edit]
- Uthiyan Cheral Athan
- Nedum Cheral Athan
- Palyani Sel Kelu Kuttuvan
- Narmudi Cheral
- Vel Kelu Kuttuvan (Senguttuvan Chera)
- Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan
- Selva Kadumko Valia Athan
- Anthuvan Cheral
- Perum Cheral Irumporai
- Illam Cheral Irumporai
- Mantharan Cheral Irumporai
- Kanaikkal Irumporai
From inscriptions[edit]
- Ko Athan Cheral Irumporai
- Perum Kadungo Irumporai
- Ilam Kadungo Irumporai
- Kadummi Pudha Chera
From inscribed coins[edit]
- Mak-kothai
- Kuttuvan Kothai
- Kollippurai/Kollippurai
- Kol Irumporai
- Sa Irumporai
Kongu Cheras/Keralas (Karur)[edit]
- Ravi Kotha
- Kantan Ravi
- Vira Kotha
- Vira Narayana
- Vira Chola
- Vira Kerala
- Amara Bhujanga Deva
- Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva
Kodungallur Cheras (the Perumals, formerly Kulasekharas)[edit]
- Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (844–870 CE)
- Kulasekhara Alvar/Kulasekhara Varma
- Rama Rajasekhara (870–883 CE)
- Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
- Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
- Kotha Ravi (905–943 CE)
- Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
- Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
- Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021–1036 CE)
- Raja Raja (1036–1089 CE)
- Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
- Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
- Rama Kulasekhara (1089–1122 CE)
Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas)[edit]
- Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
- Kotha Varman Marthandam (1102–1125)
- Vira Kerala Varman I (1125–1145)
- Kodai Kerala Varman (1145–1150)
- Vira Ravi Varman (1145–1150)
- Vira Kerala Varman II (1164–1167)
- Vira Aditya Varman (1167–1173)
- Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1173–1192)
- Devadaram Vira Kerala Varman III (1192–1195)
- Vira Manikantha Rama Varman Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
- Vira Rama Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
- Vira Ravi Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
- Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
- Ravi Varma (1299–1313)
- Vira Udaya Martanda Varman (1313–1333)
- Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
- Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varman Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
- Vira Kerala Varman Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
- Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
- Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1366–1382)
- Vira Ravi Varman (1383–1416)
- Vira Ravi Ravi Varman (1416–1417)
- Vira Kerala Martanda Varman (1383)
- Chera Udaya Martanda Varman (1383–1444)
- Vira Ravi Varman (1444–1458)
- Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varman (1458–1468)
- Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varman (1468–1484
- Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
- Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
- Vira Ravi Kerala Varman, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1528)
Vasanth kulam kathan,sunthar sageer (1535-1560)
Pallava Kingdom[edit]
From 275 CE – 897 CE
Early Pallavas[edit]
- Virakurcha (275 - 300) [Founder]
- Simha Varman I [Provincial governor of Palnadu region of Andhra]
- Siva Skanda Varman I (300 - 325)
- Buddhavarman (325 - 340)
- Vishnugopavarman (340 - 350)
Middle Pallavas[edit]
- Kumaravisnu I (c. 345–360)
- Skanda Varman II (c. 360–380)
- Vira Varman (c. 380-400)
- Skanda Varman III (c. 400–436)
- Simha Varman I (c. 436–477)
- Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa [Brother of Simhavarman I, Provincial governor of Andhra]
- Skanda Varman IV (c. 477–490)
- Nandi Varman I (c. 490–500)
- Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
- Buddha Varman (c. 510–525)
- Kumaravisnu III (c. 525–545)
Later Pallavas[edit]
- Simha Varman III (c. 545–554)
- Simhavishnu (554–590)
- Mahendravarman I (590–630)
- Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
- Mahendravarman II (668–669)
- Paramesvaravarman I (669–691)
- Narasimhavarman II (Raja Simha) (691–728)
- Paramesvaravarman II (728–731)
- Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) (731–796)
- Dantivarman (775–825)
- Nandivarman III (825–869)
- Nirupathungan (869–882)
- Aparajitavarman (882–897)
Ay Kingdom[edit]
Ay chieftains (early historic)[edit]
- Ay Andiran
- Ay Titiyan (the Podiyil Chelvan)
- Ay Atiyan
Medieval Ay kings[edit]
- Chadayan Karunanthan
- Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856-884)
- Vikramaditya Varaguna (r. 884-911 CE)
Mushika Kingdom[edit]
Early Period[edit]
- Ezhimala Nannan
Medieval Period[edit]
- Validhara Vikkirama Rama (c. 929 AD)
- Kantan Karivarman alias Iramakuta Muvar (c. 1020 AD)
- Mushikesvara Chemani/Jayamani (c. 1020 AD)
- Utaiya-varma alias Ramakuta Muvar (early 12th century AD)
Jaffna Kingdom (Aryacakravartis) (c. 1277 – 1619 AD)[edit]
- Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan 1277-1284
- Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan 1284-1292
- Vickrama Cinkaiariyan 1292-1302
- Varodaya Cinkaiariyan 1302-1325
- Martanda Cinkaiariyan 1325-1348
- Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan 1348-1371
- Virodaya Cinkaiariyan 1371-1380
- Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan 1380-1410
- Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan 1410-1440
- Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan 1440-1450 & 1467-1478
- Singai Pararasasegaram 1478-1519
- Cankili I 1519-1561
- Puviraja Pandaram 1561-1565 & 1582-1591
- Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran 1565-1570
- Periyapillai 1565-1582
- Ethirimana Cinkam 1591-1617
- Cankili II Cekaracacekaran 1617-1619[2]
Nayakars[edit]
Madurai Nayakar (1529 AD – 1736 AD)[edit]
- Nagama Nayaka
- Viswanatha Nayaka
- Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
- Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563–1573)
- Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602–1609)
- Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609–1623)
- Tirumalai Nayaka (1623–1659)
- Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659–1662)
- Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662–1682)
- Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
- Mangammal (1689–1704)
- Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704–1731)
- Queen Meenakshi, and the End of the Nayakas (1731–1736)
Gingee Nayakar (1509 – 1649)[edit]
- Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
- Chennappa Nayaka
- Gangama Nayaka
- Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
- Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
- Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
- Varadappa Nayaka
- Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
- Venkata Perumal Naidu
- Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
- Ramakrishnappa Naidu (d. 1649)
Thanjavur Nayakar (1532 – 1673 AD)[edit]
- Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
- Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)
- Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)
- Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)
Kandy Nayakar (1739 – 1815 AD)[edit]
- Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (reigned 1739–1747)
- Kirti Sri Rajasinha
- Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha
- Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
Ramnad Sethupathis[edit]
- Sadasiva Thevar Sethupathi (1590–1621)
- Kootan Sethupathi (1621–1637)
- Dalavai Sethupathi (1637–1659)
- Raghunatha Sethupathi (1659–1670)
Independent Sethupathis (1670 – 1794 AD)[edit]
- Raghunatha Kilavan (1670–1708)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I (1708–1723)
- Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1723–1724)
- Bhavani Shankara Thevar (1724–1728)
- Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728–1734)
- Muthukumara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1734–1747)
- Rakka Thevar (1747–1748)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi II (1748–1760)
- Muthuramalinga Sethupathi I (1760–1794)
Under British Raj (1795 – 1979 AD)[edit]
- Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795–1807)
- Annaswami Sethupathi (1807–1820)
- Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820–1830)
- Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830–1846)
- Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)
- Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II (1862–1873)
- Court of Wards (1873–1889)
- Bhaskara Sethupathy (1889–1903)
- Dinakara Sethupathy
- Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi (1903–1929)
- Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi (1929–1967)
- Ramanatha Sethupathi (1967–1979)
Pudukkotai Tondaimans (1680 – 1948 AD)[edit]
- Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)
- Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769–December 1789)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789–February 1, 1807)
- Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807–June 1825)
- Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825–July 13, 1839)
- Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
- Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
- Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947)
Sivaganga estate (1725 – 1947 AD)[edit]
- Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1730-1750)
- Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750-1780)
- Velu Nachiyar (1780-1790)
- Vellacci (1790-1793)[3]
- Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793-1801)
- Zamindar under British rule (1803-1947)
Velir monarchs[edit]
- Athiyamān
- Athiyamān Nedumān Añci
- Irunkōvēl
- Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri
- Malayamān
- Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan
- Vēl Pāri
- Ilanji Vel
Palaiyakkarars[edit]
- Dheeran Chinnamalai
- Puli Thevar
- Maruthu Pandiyar
- Veerapandiya Kattabomman
- Oomaithurai
- Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone
Others[edit]
- Emperor Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar (aka Suvaran Maran) of Mutharaiyar dynasty
- Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte (aka Chempaha Perumal)
- Kadava dynasty
- Alagakkonara
- Sambuvaraya
- Pandara Vanniyan of Vanni Nadu
- Akkarayan
- Magadai Mandalam
- Valvil Ori
- Sena and Guttika
- The Five Dravidians
- The Six Dravidians
- Valai Vannan (A Nakar king, who was mentioned in Manimekalai).
- Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan was a vassal and brother-in-law of Rajaraja Chola I.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Splendours of Tamil Nadu. p.146
- ↑ "genealogy of the royal house of jaffna".
- ↑ K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720