Udalguri district: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
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|text= '''Udalguri district'''
|text= '''Udalguri district'''
|type=shape |id=Q321998
|type=shape |id=Q321998
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|stroke-width=2
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|title= Udalguri district of Assam
|title= Udalguri district of Assam
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| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1      = {{flagicon image|..Assam Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Assam]]
| subdivision_name1      = {{flagicon image|Seal of Assam.svg}} [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Autonomous district council|Territorial Region]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Autonomous district council|Territorial Region]]
| subdivision_name2      = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Bodoland.png}} [[Bodoland]]
| subdivision_name2      = {{flagicon image|Banner of Bodoland.png}} [[Bodoland]]
| subdivision_type3      =
| subdivision_type3      =
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| subdivision_name3      =
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| leader_party            =
| leader_party            =
| leader_title            = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_title            = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name            = [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]]
| leader_name            = [[Darrang-Udalguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darrang-Udalguri]]
| leader_title1                  = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_title1                  = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1                    = [[Panery (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Panery]], [[Udalguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udalguri]], [[Majbat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Majbat]]
| leader_name1                    = [[Bhergaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhergaon]], [[Udalguri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Udalguri]], [[Majbat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Majbat]], [[Tangla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tangla]]
| leader_title2                  =  
| leader_title2                  =  
| leader_name2                    =  
| leader_name2                    =  
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| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| registration_plate      = AS-27
| registration_plate      = AS-27
| website                = [http://udalguri.gov.in udalguri.gov.in]
| website                = {{URL|https://udalguri.assam.gov.in}}
| footnotes              =
| footnotes              =
| demographics1_info1    = [[Bodo language|Bodo]] , [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| demographics1_info1    = [[Bodo language|Bodo]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| area_urban_footnotes    = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
| area_urban_footnotes    = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
| area_rural_footnotes    = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
| area_rural_footnotes    = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name Udalguri, denotes a place surrounding the Udal tree (Udal, meaning a tree and Guri meaning surrounding area). Some authors are of the opinion that the name of the place became Udalguri as there was a hermitage of a sage named Uddalak Muni. Yet, another source mentions that the word has origins in the Boro language. From the Bodo words {{Transl|brx|ordla}} and {{Transl|brx|gundri}}, the name became {{Transl|brx|Ordlagundri}} > {{Transl|brx|Ordlagundi}} > {{Transl|brx|Odalguri}} > {{Transl|brx|Ugalguri}}. Bodo people still pronounce the name as Odalguri. In Bodo language {{Transl|brx|ordla}} means wide and spacious and {{Transl|brx|gundri}} means powdered object.<ref>http://udalguri.gov.in/districthistory.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
The name Udalguri denotes a place surrounding the Udal tree (Udal, meaning a tree and Guri meaning surrounding area). Some authors are of the opinion that the name of the place became Udalguri as there was a hermitage of a sage named Uddalak Muni. Yet, another source mentions that the word has origins in the Boro language. From the Bodo words {{Transliteration|brx|ordla}} and {{Transliteration|brx|gundri}}, the name became {{Transliteration|brx|Ordlagundri}} > {{Transliteration|brx|Ordlagundi}} > {{Transliteration|brx|Odalguri}} > {{Transliteration|brx|Ugalguri}}. Bodo people still pronounce the name as Odalguri. In the Bodo language, {{Transliteration|brx|ordla}} means wide and spacious, and {{Transliteration|brx|gundri}} means powdered object.<ref>http://udalguri.gov.in/districthistory.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
This district was formed on June 14, 2004<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> as one of the four districts under the [[Bodoland Territorial Council]]. This district was carved out by bifurcating [[Darrang district]].<ref name='Statoids'/> The territory of the present district was earlier Udalguri sub-division of the undivided district.  There are Hindu, Christians and Muslim population living together in the district.  This was a very peaceful place till mid 80s but various communal clashes took place from time to time.  Late Jojaram Sharma was one of the prominent India freedom fighters from Assam lived here.
{{Main article|Dooars|Duar War|Bhutan|Ahom kingdom}}
 
===Duars===
Udalguri district falls under [[Dooars#Darrang Dooars|Darrang Duars]] which includes the region between the [[Bornadi River]] and [[Dhansiri River]]. The Duar that falls under the Udalguri district are the Buriguma Dooar and Killing Dooars.<ref>{{harvcol|Das|1998|p=38}}</ref>
 
===Trade relation with Tibet===
In older times, Udalguri acted as a trading point between [[Assam]] and [[Tsona]] city in [[Tibet]]  (now [[China]]).<ref name="harvcol|Mizuno|Tenpa|2015|p=40">{{harvcol|Mizuno|Tenpa|2015|p=40}}</ref> The route passed through the [[Nyamjang Chu]] and [[Tawang Chu]] rivers via [[Trashigang]] and [[Dewangiri]]. The [[Monpa people|Monpa]]s of Tibet would visit [[Tangla]] and [[Udalguri]] to acquire silk known as Alaine from the [[Bodo people|Bodo]]s and [[Rabha|Rava]]s.<ref name="harvcol|Mizuno|Tenpa|2015|p=40"/> and also to weave their dyed silk in the villages, the final product was later sold in Monpa villages in present Arunachal  Pradesh and Tibet.<ref name="harvcol|Mizuno|Tenpa|2015|p=40"/>
 
===Darrang Raja and under the Kingdom of Bhutan===
[[File:Southern border of Bhutan1985.jpg|thumb|280px|Southern Boundary of Bhutan contained the present Udalguri district before  the 1865 [[Duar War]]]]
 
Under the Darrang Raja, an officer named Guntia Baruah was appointed to manage the transaction with the [[Ngalop people|Bhutias]] who handed it over to the [[Borphukan]] at [[Guwahati]], the Bhutias appointed [[Dzongpen|Dzongpon]] to do the same.<ref>{{harvcol|Das|1998|p=40}}</ref>
 
According to Bhutanese chronicles, the region till the east in Killing Duars fell under the authority of the Bhutias in 1189.<ref>{{harvcol|Das|1998|p=41}}</ref>
 
From the early 17th-century present-day Udalguri district was  governed jointly by the [[Druk Desi]] ([[Dzongkha]]: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་) of [[Kingdom of Bhutan|Bhutan]] and the [[Sutamla]] of the [[Ahom kingdom]].<ref>"While Bhutan generally enjoyed absolute possession of the eleven Bengal duars, its control over the seven Assam duars was not straightforward. Even during the Ahom rule, the Bhutanese did not gain full possession of the duar tracts. As a result, they are said to have harassed the population along the Assam frontiers with persistent incursions and raids."{{harvcol|Phuntsho|2013|p=394}}</ref> Under the Bhutan government, it was under the authority of [[Penlop of Trongsa|Tongso Penlop]] who appointed [[Subahdar|Subah]] who in turn appointed Laskar, [[Mandal|Mondol]] or Uzir to look after the activities of the Duars.<ref>{{harvcol|Das|1998|p=32}}</ref>
 
In  1841, the [[East India Company|British East company]] removed the Bhutanese influence and the area was later merged to undivided [[Darrang district]] of Assam of the [[India|Indian Union]] in 1949.<ref>{{harvcol|Das|1998|p=26}}</ref>
 
===Present===
This district was formed on 14 June 2004<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> as one of the four districts under the [[Bodoland Territorial Council]]. This district was carved out by bifurcating [[Darrang district]].<ref name='Statoids'/> The territory of the present district was earlier Udalguri sub-division of the undivided district.   
 
Late Jojaram Sharma was one of the prominent India freedom fighters from Assam lived here.


==Tourism==
==Tourism==
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=72,515|13=1911|14=72,634|15=1921|16=81,624|17=1931|18=1,02,727|19=1941|20=1,38,593|21=1951|22=1,72,046|23=1961|24=2,78,788|25=1971|26=4,39,022|27=1991|28=6,92,919|29=2001|30=7,58,746|31=2011|32=8,31,668|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the 2011 census Udalguri district's population is 8,31,668, an increase of 9.8% over 2001.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title= District Census 2011 |publisher=Census2011.co.in }}</ref> The literacy rate is 66.6% and the gender ratio is 966.<ref name=districtcensus/> There are {{convert|449|PD/sqkm}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.55% and 32.15% of the population respectively.
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=72,515|13=1911|14=72,634|15=1921|16=81,624|17=1931|18=1,02,727|19=1941|20=1,38,593|21=1951|22=1,72,046|23=1961|24=2,78,788|25=1971|26=4,39,022|27=1991|28=6,92,919|29=2001|30=7,58,746|31=2011|32=8,31,668|source=Census of India<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}
 
According to the 2011 census Udalguri district's population is 831,668, an increase of 9.8% over 2001.<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Udalguri |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/246/download/634/DH_2011_1827_PART_A_DCHB_UDALGURI.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> The literacy rate is 66.6% and the gender ratio is 966.<ref name=districtcensus/> There are {{convert|449|PD/sqkm}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> 4.52% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.55% and 32.15% of the population respectively.


The district is multi-ethnic and multi-religious in nature. [[Bodo people|Bodos]] forms the largest ethnic group in the district with 33.76% of the district's population. Other ethnic groups with significant population are [[Tea-tribes of Assam|Adivasi]] community with almost 23.12% and [[Bengali Muslims]] with 12% of the district's population. Assamese and [[Bengali Hindus]] resides mainly in urban areas. There is also a presence of sizeable [[Nepali language|Nepali]] speaking [[Indian Gorkha]] community with estimated 5% of the district's population thinly scattered across the Udalguri district.
The district is multi-ethnic and multi-religious in nature. [[Bodo people|Bodos]] forms the largest ethnic group in the district with 31.76% of the district's population. Other ethnic groups with significant population are [[Tea-tribes of Assam|Adivasi]] community with almost 23.12% and [[Bengali Muslims]] with 12% of the district's population. Assamese and [[Bengali Hindus]] resides mainly in urban areas. There is also a presence of sizeable Nepali speaking [[Indian Gorkha|Gorkha]] community with estimated 5% of the district's population thinly scattered across the Udalguri district.


=== Religion ===
=== Religion ===
{{bar box
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Udalguri district (2011)<ref name=districtcensus/>
|title=Religions in Udalguri district (2011)<ref name=Religion/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|float=left
|bars=
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|73.64}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|73.64}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|13.25}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|13.25}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|12.66}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|green|12.66}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.45}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.45}}
}}
}}
Hindus are the largest group in the district, making up 612,425 which is 73.64% of the population. There are also 110,215 Christians (13.25%) and 108,319 Muslims (12.66%) in the district.
Followers of [[Bathouism]] are counted under [[Hindus]] , no government data gives their exact number.
Hindus are the largest group in the district, making up 612,425 which is 73.64% of the population. There are also 110,215 Christians (13.25%) and 108,319 Muslims (12.66%) in the district.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Assam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11365/download/14478/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>


=== Languages ===
=== Languages ===
{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Udalguri district (2011)
|caption = Languages of Udalguri district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value1 = 26.90 |color1 = royalblue
|label1 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value1 = 26.90 |color1 = royalblue
|label2 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value2 = 22.62 |color2 = gold
|label2 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value2 = 22.62 |color2 = purple
|label3 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value3 = 19.43 |color3 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value3 = 19.43 |color3 = orchid
|label4 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value4 = 7.88 |color4 = red
|label4 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value4 = 7.88 |color4 = burlywood
|label5 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value5 = 5.60 |color5 = pink
|label5 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value5 = 5.60 |color5 = pink
|label6 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value6 = 2.79 |color6 = teal
|label6 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value6 = 2.79 |color6 = darkturquoise
|label7 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value7 = 2.64 |color7 = firebrick
|label7 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value7 = 2.64 |color7 = firebrick
|label8 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value8 = 2.08 |color8 = darkslateblue
|label8 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value8 = 2.08 |color8 = mediumseagreen
|label9 = [[Hindi]] |value9 = 1.66 |color9 = orange
|label9 = [[Hindi]] |value9 = 1.66 |color9 = orange
|label10 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |value10 = 1.57 |color10 = mediumturquoise
|label10 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |value10 = 1.57 |color10 = teal
|label11 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value11 = 1.45 |color11 = peachpuff
|label11 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value11 = 1.45 |color11 = gold
|label12 = Others |value12 = 5.38 |color12 = grey
|label12 = Others |value12 = 5.38 |color12 = grey
}}
}}
According to the 2011 census, 26.90% of the population speaks [[Boro language (India)|Boro]], 22.62% [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 19.43% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 7.88% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 5.6% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 2.79% [[Santali language|Santali]], 2.64% [[Odia language|Odia]], 2.08% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 1.66% [[Hindi]], 1.57% [[Mundari language|Mundari]] and 1.45% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as their first language.<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Udalguri|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref>
According to the 2011 census, 26.90% of the population speaks [[Boro language (India)|Boro]], 22.62% [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 19.43% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 7.88% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 5.60% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 2.79% [[Santali language|Santali]], 2.64% [[Odia language|Odia]], 2.08% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 1.66% [[Hindi]], 1.57% [[Mundari language|Mundari]] and 1.45% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Assam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10195/download/13307/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
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===Major Towns===
===Major Towns===
Tangla is the largest town in Udalguri district. Other towns include Odalguri, Rowta, Mazbat, Kalaigaon,  Paneri, Khairabari and Bhergaon.
Odalguri is the largest town in Udalguri district. Other towns include [[Tangla]], [[Rauta|Rowta]], Mazbat, [[Kalaigaon]],  Paneri, Khairabari and Bhergaon.


===Wildlife Sanctuary===
===Wildlife Sanctuary===
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===Flora and fauna===
===Flora and fauna===
In 1990, Udalguri district became home to [[Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|26.22|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Assam|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|access-date=September 25, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archive-date=August 23, 2011}}</ref> It shares the park with four other districts.
In 1990, Udalguri district became home to [[Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|26.22|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Assam|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|access-date=25 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archive-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> It shares the park with four other districts.


Animals like elephants, Hog Deer, Tiger, Wild Boar, Civet, etc. are found. Birds like Bengal Florican, Black-necked Stork, Greater Adjudant Stork, Pallas's Fishing Eagle and Reptiles such as King Cobra, Python, Paradise Flying Snake,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flying snake found at Bhairabkunda|url=https://www.assamtimes.org/node/16643|date=2016-04-03|website=Assam Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> Lessemys Punctate, etc. can also be found.
Animals like elephants, Hog Deer, Tiger, Wild Boar, Civet, etc. are found. Birds like Bengal Florican, Black-necked Stork, Greater Adjudant Stork, Pallas's Fishing Eagle and Reptiles such as King Cobra, Python, Paradise Flying Snake,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flying snake found at Bhairabkunda|url=https://www.assamtimes.org/node/16643|date=2016-04-03|website=Assam Times|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> Lessemys Punctate, etc. can also be found.
==Climate==
{{Weather box
| width      = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location    = Tangla (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 31.7
| Feb record high C = 32.5
| Mar record high C = 38.0
| Apr record high C = 38.2
| May record high C = 38.9
| Jun record high C = 39.6
| Jul record high C = 38.1
| Aug record high C = 39.0
| Sep record high C = 38.8
| Oct record high C = 37.0
| Nov record high C = 33.4
| Dec record high C = 32.1
| year record high C =
| Jan high C = 20.9
| Feb high C = 23.3
| Mar high C = 25.4
| Apr high C = 28.6
| May high C = 29.0
| Jun high C = 30.2
| Jul high C = 30.5
| Aug high C = 31.0
| Sep high C = 29.8
| Oct high C = 28.6
| Nov high C = 26.9
| Dec high C = 22.7
| year high C = 27.5
| Jan low C = 11.2
| Feb low C = 12.4
| Mar low C = 15.2
| Apr low C = 19.0
| May low C = 20.9
| Jun low C = 23.5
| Jul low C = 24.8
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 24.0
| Oct low C = 21.8
| Nov low C = 18.5
| Dec low C = 12.9
| year low C = 19.4
| Jan record low C = 3.6
| Feb record low C = 5.3
| Mar record low C = 8.4
| Apr record low C = 10.8
| May record low C = 15.7
| Jun record low C = 17.4
| Jul record low C = 20.0
| Aug record low C = 20.3
| Sep record low C = 19.0
| Oct record low C = 11.3
| Nov record low C = 9.2
| Dec record low C = 5.2
| year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 8.1
| Feb rain mm = 16.2
| Mar rain mm = 48.3
| Apr rain mm = 267.4
| May rain mm = 251.1
| Jun rain mm = 335.3
| Jul rain mm = 326.6
| Aug rain mm = 247.9
| Sep rain mm = 187.6
| Oct rain mm = 116.7
| Nov rain mm = 14.2
| Dec rain mm = 5.6
| year rain mm = 1825.0
| Jan rain days = 1.0
| Feb rain days = 1.6
| Mar rain days = 3.8
| Apr rain days = 13.6
| May rain days = 11.5
| Jun rain days = 15.2
| Jul rain days = 14.1
| Aug rain days = 10.3
| Sep rain days = 9.6
| Oct rain days = 5.2
| Nov rain days = 1.0
| Dec rain days = 0.5
| year rain days = 87.4
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}


==Administration==
==Administration==
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The district has two sub-divisions: Udalguri and Bhergaon. These two sub-divisions are further divided into 5 revenue circles: Udalguri, Majbat, [[Harisinga]], [[Kalaigaon]], [[Khoirabari]].
The district has two sub-divisions: Udalguri and Bhergaon. These two sub-divisions are further divided into 5 revenue circles: Udalguri, Majbat, [[Harisinga]], [[Kalaigaon]], [[Khoirabari]].


Three Vidhan Sabha constituencies of this district are [[Paneri]], Majbat, and Udalguri. All of these are part of [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency]].
Three Vidhan Sabha constituencies of this district are [[Paneri]], Majbat, and Udalguri. All of these are part of [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency]].{{fact|date=February 2025}}


Apart from these three Legislative Assembly constituencies, majority of the villages under Kalaigaon Legislative Assembly Constituency and a few villages fall under the Borsola Legislative Assembly Constituency fall in Udalguri District. While Kalaigaon LAC is a part of Mangaldai Lok Sabha Constituency and Borsola LAC is a part of [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur Lok Sabha Constituency]].
Apart from these three Legislative Assembly constituencies, majority of the villages under Kalaigaon Legislative Assembly Constituency and a few villages fall under the Borsola Legislative Assembly Constituency fall in Udalguri District. While Kalaigaon LAC is a part of Mangaldai Lok Sabha Constituency and Borsola LAC is a part of [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur Lok Sabha Constituency]].{{fact|date=February 2025}}


Dhansiri Irrigation Project, the largest irrigation project in the region is situated in Udalguri.
Dhansiri Irrigation Project, the largest irrigation project in the region is situated in Udalguri.{{fact|date=February 2025}}
 
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite thesis|last=Das|first=Smriti|date=1998|title=Assam Bhutan relations with special reference to duars from 1681 to 1949|type=PhD|publisher=Guwahati University|url=https://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/195|hdl=10603/67909|archive-date=16 March 2023|access-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316100526/https://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/195|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book|last1=Mizuno|first1=Kazuharu|last2=Tenpa|first2=Lobsang|title=Himalayan Nature and Tibetan Buddhist Culture in Arunachal Pradesh, India : A Study of Monpa|year=2015|publisher=Springer
}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Phuntsho |first1=Karma |title=The History of Bhutan |date=2013 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9781908323583}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://udalguri.gov.in Udalguri district website]
* [https://udalguri.assam.gov.in Udalguri district official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419051307/https://udalguri.assam.gov.in/ |date=19 April 2025 }}


{{Geographic location
{{Geographic location

Latest revision as of 08:13, 26 March 2026

Udalguri district
District of Assam
Paneri Tea Garden
Paneri Tea Garden
Location in Assam
Location in Assam
Country India
State Assam
Territorial Region Bodoland
HeadquartersUdalguri
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesDarrang-Udalguri
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesBhergaon, Udalguri, Majbat, Tangla
Area
 • Total1,852.16 km2 (715.12 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total831,668
 • Density450/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
PIN
784509
Telephone code03711
ISO 3166 codeIN-AS
Vehicle registrationAS-27
Websiteudalguri.assam.gov.in

Udalguri district (Pron:ˌʊdʌlˈgʊəri), also known as Odalguri, is a district in the Bodoland Territorial Region of the state of Assam in Northeastern India. Udalguri town is the headquarters of the district.

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The name Udalguri denotes a place surrounding the Udal tree (Udal, meaning a tree and Guri meaning surrounding area). Some authors are of the opinion that the name of the place became Udalguri as there was a hermitage of a sage named Uddalak Muni. Yet, another source mentions that the word has origins in the Boro language. From the Bodo words ordla and gundri, the name became Ordlagundri > Ordlagundi > Odalguri > Ugalguri. Bodo people still pronounce the name as Odalguri. In the Bodo language, ordla means wide and spacious, and gundri means powdered object.[1]

History[edit | edit source]

Main articles: Dooars, Duar War, Bhutan, and Ahom kingdom

Duars[edit | edit source]

Udalguri district falls under Darrang Duars which includes the region between the Bornadi River and Dhansiri River. The Duar that falls under the Udalguri district are the Buriguma Dooar and Killing Dooars.[2]

Trade relation with Tibet[edit | edit source]

In older times, Udalguri acted as a trading point between Assam and Tsona city in Tibet (now China).[3] The route passed through the Nyamjang Chu and Tawang Chu rivers via Trashigang and Dewangiri. The Monpas of Tibet would visit Tangla and Udalguri to acquire silk known as Alaine from the Bodos and Ravas.[3] and also to weave their dyed silk in the villages, the final product was later sold in Monpa villages in present Arunachal Pradesh and Tibet.[3]

Darrang Raja and under the Kingdom of Bhutan[edit | edit source]

Southern Boundary of Bhutan contained the present Udalguri district before the 1865 Duar War

Under the Darrang Raja, an officer named Guntia Baruah was appointed to manage the transaction with the Bhutias who handed it over to the Borphukan at Guwahati, the Bhutias appointed Dzongpon to do the same.[4]

According to Bhutanese chronicles, the region till the east in Killing Duars fell under the authority of the Bhutias in 1189.[5]

From the early 17th-century present-day Udalguri district was governed jointly by the Druk Desi (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་) of Bhutan and the Sutamla of the Ahom kingdom.[6] Under the Bhutan government, it was under the authority of Tongso Penlop who appointed Subah who in turn appointed Laskar, Mondol or Uzir to look after the activities of the Duars.[7]

In 1841, the British East company removed the Bhutanese influence and the area was later merged to undivided Darrang district of Assam of the Indian Union in 1949.[8]

Present[edit | edit source]

This district was formed on 14 June 2004[9] as one of the four districts under the Bodoland Territorial Council. This district was carved out by bifurcating Darrang district.[9] The territory of the present district was earlier Udalguri sub-division of the undivided district.

Late Jojaram Sharma was one of the prominent India freedom fighters from Assam lived here.

Tourism[edit | edit source]

Other than the multitude of culture and tradition of the various ethnic communities, the district has several tourist places. Some of the important ones are,

  1. Part of Orang National Park
  2. Bathou temple and Research centre in Odalguri District (All Bathou Mahasabha)
  3. Old Namghar (Assamese Worship Place) in Udalguri Town
  4. Tea gardens at Kachubil
  5. Old Hanuman temple in Udalguri Town
  6. Old Baptist Christian church in Udalguri Town
  7. Bhairabkunda Picnic Spot[10]
  8. Gethsemane Man-made Forest (Bhairabkunda)[11][12][13][14]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
190172,515—    
191172,634+0.2%
192181,624+12.4%
1931102,727+25.9%
1941138,593+34.9%
1951172,046+24.1%
1961278,788+62.0%
1971439,022+57.5%
1991692,919+57.8%
2001758,746+9.5%
2011831,668+9.6%
Source: Census of India[15]

According to the 2011 census Udalguri district's population is 831,668, an increase of 9.8% over 2001.[16] The literacy rate is 66.6% and the gender ratio is 966.[16] There are 449 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,160/sq mi).[16] 4.52% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.55% and 32.15% of the population respectively.

The district is multi-ethnic and multi-religious in nature. Bodos forms the largest ethnic group in the district with 31.76% of the district's population. Other ethnic groups with significant population are Adivasi community with almost 23.12% and Bengali Muslims with 12% of the district's population. Assamese and Bengali Hindus resides mainly in urban areas. There is also a presence of sizeable Nepali speaking Gorkha community with estimated 5% of the district's population thinly scattered across the Udalguri district.

Religion[edit | edit source]

Religions in Udalguri district (2011)[17]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 73.64%
Christianity
 
 13.25%
Islam
 
 12.66%
Other or not stated
 
 0.45%

Followers of Bathouism are counted under Hindus , no government data gives their exact number. Hindus are the largest group in the district, making up 612,425 which is 73.64% of the population. There are also 110,215 Christians (13.25%) and 108,319 Muslims (12.66%) in the district.[17]

Languages[edit | edit source]

Languages of Udalguri district (2011)[18]

  Boro (26.90%)
  Assamese (22.62%)
  Bengali (19.43%)
  Sadri (7.88%)
  Nepali (5.60%)
  Santali (2.79%)
  Odia (2.64%)
  Kurukh (2.08%)
  Hindi (1.66%)
  Mundari (1.57%)
  Bhojpuri (1.45%)
  Others (5.38%)

According to the 2011 census, 26.90% of the population speaks Boro, 22.62% Assamese, 19.43% Bengali, 7.88% Sadri, 5.60% Nepali, 2.79% Santali, 2.64% Odia, 2.08% Kurukh, 1.66% Hindi, 1.57% Mundari and 1.45% Bhojpuri as their first language.[18]

Geography[edit | edit source]

This district is bounded by Bhutan and West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh state in the north, Sonitpur district in the east, Darrang district in the south and Tamulpur district in the west. Area of the district is 1852.16 km2.[19]

Major Towns[edit | edit source]

Odalguri is the largest town in Udalguri district. Other towns include Tangla, Rowta, Mazbat, Kalaigaon, Paneri, Khairabari and Bhergaon.

Wildlife Sanctuary[edit | edit source]

Flora and fauna[edit | edit source]

In 1990, Udalguri district became home to Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 26.22 km2 (10.1 sq mi).[20] It shares the park with four other districts.

Animals like elephants, Hog Deer, Tiger, Wild Boar, Civet, etc. are found. Birds like Bengal Florican, Black-necked Stork, Greater Adjudant Stork, Pallas's Fishing Eagle and Reptiles such as King Cobra, Python, Paradise Flying Snake,[21] Lessemys Punctate, etc. can also be found.

Climate[edit | edit source]

Climate data for Tangla (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.7
(89.1) 		32.5
(90.5) 		38.0
(100.4) 		38.2
(100.8) 		38.9
(102.0) 		39.6
(103.3) 		38.1
(100.6) 		39.0
(102.2) 		38.8
(101.8) 		37.0
(98.6) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.1
(89.8) 		39.6
(103.3)
Average high °C (°F) 20.9
(69.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		25.4
(77.7) 		28.6
(83.5) 		29.0
(84.2) 		30.2
(86.4) 		30.5
(86.9) 		31.0
(87.8) 		29.8
(85.6) 		28.6
(83.5) 		26.9
(80.4) 		22.7
(72.9) 		27.5
(81.5)
Average low °C (°F) 11.2
(52.2) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.2
(59.4) 		19.0
(66.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.5
(74.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.0
(75.2) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.5
(65.3) 		12.9
(55.2) 		19.4
(66.9)
Record low °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		5.3
(41.5) 		8.4
(47.1) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.4
(63.3) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.3
(68.5) 		19.0
(66.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		9.2
(48.6) 		5.2
(41.4) 		3.6
(38.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 8.1
(0.32) 		16.2
(0.64) 		48.3
(1.90) 		267.4
(10.53) 		251.1
(9.89) 		335.3
(13.20) 		326.6
(12.86) 		247.9
(9.76) 		187.6
(7.39) 		116.7
(4.59) 		14.2
(0.56) 		5.6
(0.22) 		1,825
(71.85)
Average rainy days 1.0 1.6 3.8 13.6 11.5 15.2 14.1 10.3 9.6 5.2 1.0 0.5 87.4
Source: India Meteorological Department[22]

Administration[edit | edit source]

Divisions[edit | edit source]

The district has two sub-divisions: Udalguri and Bhergaon. These two sub-divisions are further divided into 5 revenue circles: Udalguri, Majbat, Harisinga, Kalaigaon, Khoirabari.

Three Vidhan Sabha constituencies of this district are Paneri, Majbat, and Udalguri. All of these are part of Mangaldoi Lok Sabha constituency.[citation needed]

Apart from these three Legislative Assembly constituencies, majority of the villages under Kalaigaon Legislative Assembly Constituency and a few villages fall under the Borsola Legislative Assembly Constituency fall in Udalguri District. While Kalaigaon LAC is a part of Mangaldai Lok Sabha Constituency and Borsola LAC is a part of Tezpur Lok Sabha Constituency.[citation needed]

Dhansiri Irrigation Project, the largest irrigation project in the region is situated in Udalguri.[citation needed]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ http://udalguri.gov.in/districthistory.html [dead link]
  2. ↑ (Das 1998:38)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 (Mizuno & Tenpa 2015:40)
  4. ↑ (Das 1998:40)
  5. ↑ (Das 1998:41)
  6. ↑ "While Bhutan generally enjoyed absolute possession of the eleven Bengal duars, its control over the seven Assam duars was not straightforward. Even during the Ahom rule, the Bhutanese did not gain full possession of the duar tracts. As a result, they are said to have harassed the population along the Assam frontiers with persistent incursions and raids."(Phuntsho 2013:394)
  7. ↑ (Das 1998:32)
  8. ↑ (Das 1998:26)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  10. ↑ "HOME". udalguri.gov.in. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  11. ↑ "Afforestation changes life and landscape: How a district in Assam lost a forest, gained a future". The Indian Express. 25 December 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  12. ↑ "Unknown saviors of the environment: Thirty-five men create a forest from barren land". Mongabay Environmental News. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  13. ↑ Desk, Sentinel Digital (15 July 2019). "Joint Forest Management Committee attempts transforming 60 hectares land into green jungle- Sentinelassam". www.sentinelassam.com. Retrieved 15 May 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  14. ↑ "Man-made forest at Bhairabkunda". Assam Times. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  15. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "District Census Handbook: Udalguri" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Table C-01 Population By Religion: Assam". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Assam". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  19. ↑ Assam state website – Udalguri district
  20. ↑ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Assam". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  21. ↑ "Flying snake found at Bhairabkunda". Assam Times. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  22. ↑ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.

References[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]


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