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{{Short description|River in India and Pakistan}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} | ||
{{Use | {{Use Oxford spelling|date=October 2021}} | ||
{{Infobox river | {{Infobox river | ||
| name = Suru River | | name = Suru River | ||
| | | native_name = | ||
| name_other = | | name_other = | ||
| name_etymology = | | name_etymology = | ||
| image = Suru River.jpg | | image = Suru River.jpg | ||
| image_size = 290 px | | image_size = 290 px | ||
| image_caption = Suru River | | image_caption = Suru River passing through the town of [[Kargil]] | ||
| map = Suru (rivière).png | | map = Suru (rivière).png | ||
| map_size = 280px | | map_size = 280px | ||
| Line 16: | Line 15: | ||
| pushpin_map = | | pushpin_map = | ||
| pushpin_map_size = | | pushpin_map_size = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption= | | pushpin_map_caption= | ||
| subdivision_type1 = Country | | subdivision_type1 = Country | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[Pakistan]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[Pakistan]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = | | subdivision_type2 = Territory | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ladakh]] (India), [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] (Pakistan) | | subdivision_name2 = [[Ladakh]] (India), [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] (Pakistan) | ||
| subdivision_type3 = District | | subdivision_type3 = District | ||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kargil district|Kargil]] (India), [[Skardu District|Skardu]] (Pakistan) | | subdivision_name3 = [[Kargil district|Kargil]] (India), [[Skardu District|Skardu]] (Pakistan) | ||
| subdivision_type4 = | | subdivision_type4 = | ||
| subdivision_name4 = | | subdivision_name4 = | ||
| length = {{convert|185|km|mi|abbr=on}} | | length = {{convert|185|km|mi|abbr=on}} | ||
| width_min = | | width_min = | ||
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| discharge1_avg = {{convert|385|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | | discharge1_avg = {{convert|385|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | ||
| discharge1_max = | | discharge1_max = | ||
| source1 = Panzella glacier | |||
| source1 = | | source1_location = [[Pensi La]] [[Kargil district|Kargil]], [[India]] | ||
| source1_location = | | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|33.832917|N|76.21861|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| source1_coordinates= | |||
| source1_elevation = {{convert|4555|m|abbr=on}} | | source1_elevation = {{convert|4555|m|abbr=on}} | ||
| mouth = | | mouth = [[Indus River]] | ||
| mouth_location = [[ | | mouth_location = [[Marol, Baltistan|Marol]], [[Kharmang District]], [[Pakistan]] | ||
| mouth_coordinates = | | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|34.746134|N|76.215927|E|display=inline}} | ||
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|2528|m|abbr=on}} | | mouth_elevation = {{convert|2528|m|abbr=on}} | ||
| progression = | | progression = {{RIndus}} | ||
| river_system = | | river_system = | ||
| basin_size = | | basin_size = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Suru River''' | The '''Suru River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Indus River]] that flows largely through the [[Kargil district]] of [[Ladakh]], India, into [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] in [[Pakistan]]. The [[Suru Valley]] is coextensive with the [[Kargil tehsil]], with the town of [[Kargil]] situated on its banks. The river enters the [[Kharmang District]] of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], coursing a brief length before joining the Indus near [[Marol, Baltistan|Marol]].<ref name="suru indus">{{citation |first=Sonam |last=Joldan |title=Relationship between Ladakh and Buddhist Tibet: Pilgrimage and trade |journal=The Tibet Journal |volume=31 |number=3 |date=Autumn 2006 |pages=43–76 |jstor=43300982}}</ref> | ||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
[[File:Kargil's Kun and Nun mountain.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nun Kun]] Mountain massif | [[File:Kargil's Kun and Nun mountain.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nun Kun]] Mountain massif in the distance]] | ||
The Suru River is a {{convert|185|km}} long river, that originates from the Panzella glacier which lies at [[Pensi La]] pass near the [[Drang Drung Glacier]]. The Drang Drung Glacier also gives rise to the [[Stod River]] which flows down in the opposite direction from the Suru. The source of the Suru River lies {{convert|142|km}} south of [[Kargil town]], and {{convert|79|km}} north | The Suru River is a {{convert|185|km}} long river, that originates from the Panzella glacier which lies at [[Pensi La]] pass near the [[Drang Drung Glacier]]. The Drang Drung Glacier also gives rise to the [[Stod River]] which flows down in the opposite direction from the Suru. The source of the Suru River lies {{convert|142|km}} south of [[Kargil town]], and {{convert|79|km}} north of [[Zanskar]]. [[Srinagar]], the capital of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] lies {{convert|331|km}} to the west.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} The Suru River forms the western and northern boundary of the Zanskar Range.<ref name="zanskar range">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ladakh.com/ladakh-info/rivers|title=Rivers of Ladakh|publisher=ladakh.com|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902233945/http://www.ladakh.com/ladakh-info/rivers|archive-date=2 September 2012}}</ref> The river flows westwards, along the Kargil-Zanaskar Road, from its source and forms the Suru valley, which is towered by the [[massif]] of [[Nun Kun]] mountain. It drains the Nun Kun mountain massif of the [[Zanskar Range]] in the Suru valley, and is joined by a tributary "Chilling Nala" at the pastures of [[Gulmatango]]. This stream originates from the [[Parkachik Glacier]].<ref name="Suru valley">{{cite book |author=Prem Singh Jina | title=Ladakh: The Land and the People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjhcZgDy-WMC&dq=Suru+valley&pg=PA16 | access-date=29 August 2012 | year=1996 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 1996 | isbn=978-81-7387-057-6 | page=-16}}</ref> The Suru River then flows northwards through a deep, narrow gorge to [[Kargil town]], where it is fed by the Botkul River which originates from the glacier of the same name.<ref name="suru indus"/> The [[Dras River]], fed by the [[Shingo River]], joins the Suru River at [[Hardas]] (also called Kharal), {{convert|7|km}} north of Kargil town.<ref name="Dras valley">{{cite book | author=Omacanda Hāṇḍā | title=Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VuovXa5YUC&dq=dras+river&pg=PA67 | access-date=27 August 2012 | year=2001 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 2001 | isbn=978-81-7387-124-5 | page=-67}}</ref> The Suru River then enters the [[Azad Kashmir|Pakistani Administered Kashmir]] {{convert|5|km}} ahead from the point of merger of Dras and Suru rivers through Post 43 and Post 44 of India and Pakistan respectively and merges with the [[Indus River]] near [[Marol, Baltistan|Marol]].<ref name="suru indus"/><ref name="zanskar range"/> | ||
[[File:Kargil-suru.jpg|thumb|left|Suru River]] | [[File:Kargil-suru.jpg|thumb|left|Suru River]] | ||
Most part of the river flows within the jurisdiction of [[Kargil district]]. It flows through the towns of Tongul, Suru, Grantung, Goma and | Most part of the river flows within the jurisdiction of [[Kargil district]]. It flows through the towns of Tongul, Suru, Grantung, Goma and Hardas. [[Kargil town]] is the largest city situated on the banks of the Suru River, and also the second largest city in the Ladakh region after [[Leh]]. A branch of the anicient [[Silk Road]] ran alongside the Suru River, connecting Kargil and [[Skardu]]. The road is now closed due to the [[Line of Control]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaffarakashmir.com/kargil.html|title=Kargil the Suru valley|publisher=gaffarkashmir.com|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419140828/http://gaffarakashmir.com/kargil.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Kargil on Suru">{{cite book | author=Sanjeev Kumar Bhasin | title=Amazing Land Ladakh: Places, People, and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8IZloNzI8BgC&dq=suru+river+joins+indus&pg=PA28 | access-date=28 August 2012 | year=2006 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 2006 | isbn=978-81-7387-186-3 | page=-28}}</ref> | ||
The Suru River has extensive possibilities for rafting and it is practised during the summer. The Suru Valley is the starting point for rafting trips, and it also provides a base for [[mountaineering]] expeditions to the Nun Kun mountain massif.<ref name="rafting on Suru">{{cite book | | The Suru River has extensive possibilities for rafting and it is practised during the summer. The Suru Valley is the starting point for rafting trips, and it also provides a base for [[mountaineering]] expeditions to the Nun Kun mountain massif.<ref name="rafting on Suru">{{cite book | editor-first1=Yogendra |editor-last1=Bali |editor-first2=R. S. |editor-last2=Somi | title=Incredible Himalayas: Environment, Culture, Tourism, and Adventure |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5CXbqpzmhIC&dq=rafting+in+suru+river&pg=PA143 | access-date=29 August 2012 | year=2005 | publisher=Indus Publishing, 2005 | isbn=978-81-7387-179-5 | page=-143}}</ref> | ||
Agriculture in Ladakh is scarce due to the dry climate, and is restricted to the river valleys. The Suru valley, formed by the catchment of the Suru River, receives irrigation through the canals of the Suru River. The main crops grown in the valley include [[barley]], [[buckwheat]], [[turnip]]s and [[mustard plant|mustard]].<ref name="agriculture in Suru valley">{{cite book | author=Indu Ramchandani | title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEj-2a7pmVMC | Agriculture in Ladakh is scarce due to the dry climate, and is restricted to the river valleys. The Suru valley, formed by the catchment of the Suru River, receives irrigation through the canals of the Suru River. The main crops grown in the valley include [[barley]], [[buckwheat]], [[turnip]]s and [[mustard plant|mustard]].<ref name="agriculture in Suru valley">{{cite book | author=Indu Ramchandani | title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEj-2a7pmVMC&dq=agriculture+on+suru+river&pg=PA126 | access-date=29 August 2012 | year=2000 | publisher=Popular Prakashan, 2000 | isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 | page=-126}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:Rivers of Ladakh]] | [[Category:Rivers of Ladakh]] | ||
[[Category:Indus basin]] | [[Category:Indus basin]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:20, 23 December 2025
| Suru River | |
|---|---|
 Suru River passing through the town of Kargil | |
.png) Course of the Suru | |
| Location | |
| Country | India, Pakistan |
| Territory | Ladakh (India), Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan) |
| District | Kargil (India), Skardu (Pakistan) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Panzella glacier |
| • location | Pensi La Kargil, India |
| • coordinates | 33°49′59″N 76°13′07″E / 33.832917°N 76.21861°E |
| • elevation | 4,555 m (14,944 ft) |
| Mouth | Indus River |
• location | Marol, Kharmang District, Pakistan |
• coordinates | 34°44′46″N 76°12′57″E / 34.746134°N 76.215927°E |
• elevation | 2,528 m (8,294 ft) |
| Length | 185 km (115 mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 385 m3/s (13,600 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Template:RIndus |
The Suru River is a tributary of the Indus River that flows largely through the Kargil district of Ladakh, India, into Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan. The Suru Valley is coextensive with the Kargil tehsil, with the town of Kargil situated on its banks. The river enters the Kharmang District of Gilgit-Baltistan, coursing a brief length before joining the Indus near Marol.[1]
Geography[edit | edit source]
The Suru River is a 185 kilometres (115 mi) long river, that originates from the Panzella glacier which lies at Pensi La pass near the Drang Drung Glacier. The Drang Drung Glacier also gives rise to the Stod River which flows down in the opposite direction from the Suru. The source of the Suru River lies 142 kilometres (88 mi) south of Kargil town, and 79 kilometres (49 mi) north of Zanskar. Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir lies 331 kilometres (206 mi) to the west.[citation needed] The Suru River forms the western and northern boundary of the Zanskar Range.[2] The river flows westwards, along the Kargil-Zanaskar Road, from its source and forms the Suru valley, which is towered by the massif of Nun Kun mountain. It drains the Nun Kun mountain massif of the Zanskar Range in the Suru valley, and is joined by a tributary "Chilling Nala" at the pastures of Gulmatango. This stream originates from the Parkachik Glacier.[3] The Suru River then flows northwards through a deep, narrow gorge to Kargil town, where it is fed by the Botkul River which originates from the glacier of the same name.[1] The Dras River, fed by the Shingo River, joins the Suru River at Hardas (also called Kharal), 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Kargil town.[4] The Suru River then enters the Pakistani Administered Kashmir 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) ahead from the point of merger of Dras and Suru rivers through Post 43 and Post 44 of India and Pakistan respectively and merges with the Indus River near Marol.[1][2]
Most part of the river flows within the jurisdiction of Kargil district. It flows through the towns of Tongul, Suru, Grantung, Goma and Hardas. Kargil town is the largest city situated on the banks of the Suru River, and also the second largest city in the Ladakh region after Leh. A branch of the anicient Silk Road ran alongside the Suru River, connecting Kargil and Skardu. The road is now closed due to the Line of Control.[5][6]
The Suru River has extensive possibilities for rafting and it is practised during the summer. The Suru Valley is the starting point for rafting trips, and it also provides a base for mountaineering expeditions to the Nun Kun mountain massif.[7]
Agriculture in Ladakh is scarce due to the dry climate, and is restricted to the river valleys. The Suru valley, formed by the catchment of the Suru River, receives irrigation through the canals of the Suru River. The main crops grown in the valley include barley, buckwheat, turnips and mustard.[8]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Joldan, Sonam (Autumn 2006), "Relationship between Ladakh and Buddhist Tibet: Pilgrimage and trade", The Tibet Journal, 31 (3): 43–76, JSTOR 43300982
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Rivers of Ladakh". ladakh.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ Prem Singh Jina (1996). Ladakh: The Land and the People. Indus Publishing, 1996. p. -16. ISBN 978-81-7387-057-6. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ Omacanda Hāṇḍā (2001). Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history. Indus Publishing, 2001. p. -67. ISBN 978-81-7387-124-5. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
- ↑ "Kargil the Suru valley". gaffarkashmir.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ Sanjeev Kumar Bhasin (2006). Amazing Land Ladakh: Places, People, and Culture. Indus Publishing, 2006. p. -28. ISBN 978-81-7387-186-3. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
- ↑ Bali, Yogendra; Somi, R. S., eds. (2005). Incredible Himalayas: Environment, Culture, Tourism, and Adventure. Indus Publishing, 2005. p. -143. ISBN 978-81-7387-179-5. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ Indu Ramchandani (2000). Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5. Popular Prakashan, 2000. p. -126. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
External links[edit | edit source]
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