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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=August 2012}} | {{more citations needed|date=August 2012}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Pathankot | ||
| native_name | | native_name = {{lang|pa|Paṭhānkōt}} ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]) | ||
| | | other_name = Paithan | ||
| other_name | | settlement_type = [[City]] | ||
| settlement_type | | image_skyline = {{multiple image | ||
| image_skyline | | border = infobox | ||
| | | total_width = 270 | ||
| | | image_style = | ||
| | | perrow = 1/2/2 | ||
| | | image1 = Pathankot_City.jpg | ||
| image2 = Ranjit Sagar Dam 1.jpg | |||
| image3 = The encient shiva teple baijnath.jpg | |||
| image4 = Pathankot City 2.jpg | |||
}} | }} | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = Pathankot Valley, [[Ranjit Sagar Dam]], Baijnath Temple, Pathankot Skyline | ||
| nickname | | nickname = | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_label_position = | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|32|16|10|N|75|39|07|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{IND}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]] | ||
| established_title | | established_title = | ||
| established_date | | established_date = In 16th Century | ||
| named_for | | named_for = Pathania Rajput | ||
| leader_name | | leader_name = Panna lal Bhatiya (Cong.) | ||
| unit_pref | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_footnotes = | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = 19.7 | ||
| area_rank | | area_rank = 6th | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = 332 | ||
| population_total | | population_total = 2,49,000(approx,2,50000 include sub-urban)<ref>https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=30047 {{Dead link|date=May 2022}}</ref> | ||
| population_as_of | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_footnotes = | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = auto and | ||
| population_rank | | population_rank = | ||
| population_demonym | | population_demonym = Pathankotia | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code_type = Pin Code | ||
| postal_code | | postal_code = 145001 | ||
| area_code | | area_code = 0186 | ||
| area_code_type | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| registration_plate | | registration_plate = PB-35 | ||
| website | | website = https://pathankot.nic.in/ | ||
| footnotes | | footnotes = | ||
| governing_body | | governing_body = Municipal Corporation | ||
| leader_title2 | | leader_title2 = [[Deputy Commissioner]] | ||
| leader_name2 | | leader_name2 = Sh. Sanyam Aggarwal, I A S. | ||
| leader_title3 | | leader_title3 = [[Member Of Parliament]] | ||
| leader_name3 | | leader_name3 = | ||
| leader_title4 | | leader_title4 = | ||
| leader_name4 | | leader_name4 = sh. Amit Vij | ||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | |||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | |||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hindi]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Pathankot''' ({{IPA|pa|pə.ʈʰäːn.koːʈᵊ|-}}) is a city and the district headquarters of the [[Pathankot district]] in [[Punjab, India]]. Pathankot is the sixth most populous city of Punjab, after [[Ludhiana]], [[Amritsar]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Patiala]] and [[Bathinda]]. Its local government is a municipal corporation. Pathankot is located in the northern-most part of Punjab and shares an international border with the [[Narowal District]] of Pakistan's Punjab province to its northwest. | |||
==History== | |||
{{unsourced section|date=January 2026}} | |||
=== Ancient period === | |||
[[File:Coin of Dharaghosha king of the Audumbaras.jpg|thumb|left|Coin of Dharaghosha, king of the [[Audumbaras]], in the [[Indo-Greek]] style, circa 100 BCE.<ref name="Rapson" /><br />'''Obv:''' Standing figure, probably of [[Vishvamitra]], [[Kharoshthi]] legend, around: ''Mahadevasa Dharaghoshasa/Odumbarisa'' "Great Lord King Dharaghosha/Prince of Audumabara", across: ''Viçvamitra'' "Vishvamitra".<br />'''Rev:''' Trident battle-axe, tree with railing, [[Brahmi]] legend identical in content to the obverse.<ref name="Rapson">Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century, A.D. by Rapson, E. J. p.154 [https://archive.org/details/ancientindiafrom00raps]</ref>]]In the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and in the works of [[Sanskrit]] grammarian and linguistic scholar Panini, the region is also mentioned as Audumbara, which was classified as Ayudhajivi sangha (warrior community). | |||
Numerous coins of great antiquity related to Ancient Audumbara Kingdom were found at various sites of Pathankot. | |||
== | === Medieval Period === | ||
In the medieval period from 11th century CE to the 16th century, Pathankot was the first capital of [[Nurpur State]] (present-day [[Himachal Pradesh]]), which was earlier known as Dhameri, a corruption of Audumbari. | |||
[ | |||
== | === Mughal period === | ||
Pathankot | Pathankot's name was changed From Dhameri To Nurpur during [[Shah Jahan]]'s reign. The [[Pathania]] clan of native Pahadi [[Rajputs]] of the region derived its name from Pathankot, which was known as Paithan. | ||
=== Under Sikh empire === | |||
Pathankot was invaded by Jarnail Jai Singh Kanhaiya of Kanhaiya Misl and was annexed from the ruling Pathania Rajput clan and merged with Punjab during [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]'s rule. [[Moran Sarkar]], a Muslim dancing girl Ranjit Singh married, lived in a fortress in Pathankot from 1811 till her demise. | |||
Pathankot was | === Colonial period === | ||
Pathankot was merged with Gurdaspur district in 1853; prior to that, it was part of Kangra after British annexed the hill regions from Sikhs after the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} | |||
===After independence=== | ===After independence=== | ||
During partition, the initial plan by border demarcation committee was to place Pathankot (part of Gurdaspur district that time) | During partition, the initial plan by the border demarcation committee was to place Pathankot (part of Gurdaspur district that time) in Pakistan and Shakargarh district in India. However, Shakargarh district was finally given to Pakistan and Gurdaspur district (along with Pathankot) was given to India. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
| Line 87: | Line 97: | ||
===Average temperature=== | ===Average temperature=== | ||
* '''Spring''': The climate remains the most enjoyable part of the year during the spring season (from mid-February to mid-April). Temperatures vary between (max) 16 °C to 25 °C and (min) 9 °C to 18 °C. | * '''Spring''': The climate remains the most enjoyable part of the year during the spring season (from mid-February to mid-April). Temperatures vary between (max) 16 °C to 25 °C and (min) 9 °C to 18 °C. | ||
* '''Autumn''': In autumn (from mid-September to mid November.), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 30 °C. Temperatures usually remain between 16° | * '''Autumn''': In autumn (from mid-September to mid November.), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 30 °C. Temperatures usually remain between 16° and 27° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 11 °C. | ||
* '''Summer''': The temperature in summer (from mid-May to mid-June) may rise to a maximum of 46 °C (rarely). Temperatures generally remain between 34 | * '''Summer''': The temperature in summer (from mid-May to mid-June) may rise to a maximum of 46 °C (rarely). Temperatures generally remain between {{convert|34|and|46|C|F}}. | ||
* '''Monsoon''': During monsoon(from mid-June to mid-September), Pathankot receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/ south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which is mainly a persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Pathankot during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day. | * '''Monsoon''': During monsoon(from mid-June to mid-September), Pathankot receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/ south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which is mainly a persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Pathankot during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day. | ||
* '''Winter''': Winters (November to mid-March) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Pathankot. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 7 °C to 15 °C and (min) 0 °C to 8 °C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2–3 days with sometimes hail-storms. Pathankot experienced snowfall in 2012 after almost 55 years.{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} | * '''Winter''': Winters (November to mid-March) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Pathankot. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 7 °C to 15 °C and (min) 0 °C to 8 °C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2–3 days with sometimes hail-storms. Pathankot experienced snowfall in 2012 after almost 55 years.{{Citation needed|date=January 2015}} | ||
| Line 96: | Line 106: | ||
|metric first = yes | |metric first = yes | ||
|single line = yes | |single line = yes | ||
|Jan record high C = 28 | |Jan record high C = 28 | ||
|Feb record high C = 29 | |Feb record high C = 29 | ||
| Line 188: | Line 197: | ||
|Dec precipitation days = 3 | |Dec precipitation days = 3 | ||
|date=August 2014}} | |date=August 2014}} | ||
[[File:View of Ravi river from Nurpur fort.jpg|thumb|View of Ravi river (approaching Pathankot )from Nurpur fort]] | [[File:View of Ravi river from Nurpur fort.jpg|thumb|View of Ravi river (approaching Pathankot) from Nurpur fort]]Pathankot/Dera Baba has been ranked 26th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
== | |||
=== | |||
==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
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==Facilities== | ==Facilities== | ||
Government of Pathankot had constructed 4 public toilets in 2018 but they had been opened for only 6 days so as to get good rankings in surveys. You can find them at various places where they charge you 10/- but you can avail general conveniences in a clean environment<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.bhaskar.com/pathankot-bhaskar/69/14032021/cph/0/|title=14-03-2021 : Pathankot Bhaskar ePaper: Read Pathankot Bhaskar Local Hindi Newspaper Online,Page 1}}</ref> | Government of Pathankot had constructed 4 public toilets in 2018 but they had been opened for only 6 days so as to get good rankings in surveys. You can find them at various places where they charge you 10/- but you can avail general conveniences in a clean environment<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.bhaskar.com/pathankot-bhaskar/69/14032021/cph/0/|title=14-03-2021 : Pathankot Bhaskar ePaper: Read Pathankot Bhaskar Local Hindi Newspaper Online, Page 1}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> | ||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
Pathankot is | Pathankot is connected by rail and road with the rest of the country. Pathankot is connected by a network of private and public-sector bus services to other cities in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir. Destinations include Delhi, Manali Chandigarh, Jammu, Dharamshala, Dalhousie and Amritsar. Pathankot is used as a gateway for Chamba and Kangra Valley in [[Himachal Pradesh]] and for various locations in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] like Jammu City Mansar Lake, Surinsar Lake, Srinagar, Udhampur, Holy Cave at Amarnath, Patni Top and Holy Cave of Mata Vaishno Devi (Katra) 155 km away from Pathankot. | ||
One can take an [[auto rickshaw]] or a [[cycle rickshaw]]. | One can take an [[auto rickshaw]] or a [[cycle rickshaw]]. | ||
Traffic management is poor in the city. No traffic lights | Traffic management is poor in the city. No traffic lights exist in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/punjab/pathankot/news/sign-boards-in-38-places-in-the-city-no-white-and-yellow-lines-in-32-places-traffic-lights-have-been-closed-for-many-years-not-even-zebra-crossing-080059-6392561.html |title=Pathankot News Sign Boards In 38 Places In The City No White And Yellow Lines In 32 Places Traffic Lights Have Been Closed For Many Years Not Even Zebra Crossing |date=April 2022}}</ref> | ||
===By Air=== | ===By Air=== | ||
* [[Pathankot Airport]] is a domestic airport serving Pathankot with scheduled flight operations to/from [[New Delhi]] by [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]] under the [[UDAN]] Scheme. The nearest International Airport, | * [[Pathankot Airport]] is a domestic airport serving Pathankot with scheduled flight operations to/from [[New Delhi]] by [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]] under the [[UDAN]] Scheme. The nearest International Airport, is in [[Amritsar]]. | ||
===Train=== | ===Train=== | ||
[[Pathankot Railway Station]] under A-category. Pathankot is a major railroad junction. Lines from [[Amritsar]] (2 hrs) and [[Delhi]] (8 hrs) merge here, and all services to [[Jammu]] (2 hrs) pass through. In addition to Pathankot station itself, there is a second station called '''Chakki Bank''' renamed [[Pathankot Cantt Railway Station|Pathankot Cantt]] 4 km away, which serves some express trains that do not stop in Pathankot station. Nowadays the majority of the Jammu trains stop only at Pathankot Cantt Railway Station<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/pathankot-cantt-ptkc/10206|title=PTKC/Pathankot Cantt (3 PFs) Railway Station - Train Departure Timings - India Rail Info}}</ref> and not at Pathankot Railway Station. | |||
Pathankot has direct train links with [[Delhi]], [[Jammu]] and other Indian cities. All trains going to [[Jammu]] pass through Pathankot Cantt Station. Trains include Rajdhani, Swaraj Express, Pooja Express, Shri Shakti Express. Super fast trains do not serve Pathankot Station. The distance from Pathankot & Pathankot Cant Railway station is 4 km. | |||
Pathankot is also served by the narrow-gauge [[Kangra Valley Railway]] (a.k.a. ''Kangra Toy Train'') built by the British, which | Pathankot is also served by the narrow-gauge [[Kangra Valley Railway]] (a.k.a. ''Kangra Toy Train'') built by the British, which travels 128 km to [[Joginder Nagar]] via [[Palampur]] and [[Kangra district|Kangra]] (near Dharamsala)., The luxury ''Kangra Queen'' services were terminated in 2003, leaving about six departures daily of slow, often crowded second class trains, taking over six hours. Bookings for these can only be done in-person at Pathankot station. Some of these trains run to Baijnath Paprola and a few to Joginder Nagar. The main stations on this line include Kangra and Palampur. The town is the lower terminus of the [[Kangra Valley Railway]], thereby connecting the mountainous regions of western [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the network of [[Indian Railways]]. | ||
===Bus=== | ===Bus=== | ||
Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminal Pathankot | Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminal Pathankot is close to Pathankot railway station. | ||
Public buses to [[Dharamshala]] [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]] take 3–4 hours. while buses to [[Amritsar]] take 3 hours. | Public buses to [[Dharamshala]] [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]] take 3–4 hours. while buses to [[Amritsar]] take 3 hours. | ||
Dalhousie famous destination for honeymoon couples is | Dalhousie, a famous destination for honeymoon couples is 80 km from Pathankot. | ||
The | The Hindu Pilgrimage Vaishno devi is 160 km from Pathankot. | ||
Chandigarh is 4–5 hours away. It is well connected with bus services from Punjab roadways, Haryana Roadways, Himachal Roadways J&K transport, and private AC volvo buses. | Chandigarh is 4–5 hours away. It is well connected with bus services from Punjab roadways, Haryana Roadways, Himachal Roadways J&K transport, and private AC volvo buses. | ||
One can stop over in Pathankot en route to Gurdaspur(35 km), [[Mukerian]] (40), [[Joginder Nagar]] (149 km), Dharamshala (88 km), Dalhousie (100 km), Amritsar (108), [[Palampur]] (112 km), Chamba (100 km) & Jammu (100 km), Hoshiarpur (100 km), Kangra (86 km), Jalandhar (108 km), Srinagar (400 km) all in different directions from Pathankot via [[Jalandhar]]-[[Srinagar]] National highway (NH-44), [[Dabwali]]-Pathankot National highway (NH-54) and Pathankot-[[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]] National highway (NH-154). | One can stop over in Pathankot en route to Gurdaspur (35 km), [[Mukerian]] (40), [[Joginder Nagar]] (149 km), Dharamshala (88 km), Dalhousie (100 km), Amritsar (108), [[Palampur]] (112 km), Chamba (100 km) & Jammu (100 km), Hoshiarpur (100 km), Kangra (86 km), Jalandhar (108 km), Srinagar (400 km) all in different directions from Pathankot via [[Jalandhar]]-[[Srinagar]] National highway (NH-44), [[Dabwali]]-Pathankot National highway (NH-54) and Pathankot-[[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]] National highway (NH-154). | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
Pathankot’s economy is primarily driven by [[agriculture]], [[trade]], and [[Transport|transportation]]. The region is known for producing crops like [[wheat]], [[maize]], and [[Lychee|litchi]], benefiting from its fertile soil and favorable climate. Its strategic location makes it a key trading hub connecting [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] with [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Small-scale industries, local trade markets, and tourism also contribute significantly to the city’s economic activities. | |||
'''Litchi Production''' | |||
Pathankot is a key litchi-growing region in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], with a seasonal [[harvest]] in late spring. Its [[Litchi|litchi cultivation]] supports local farmers and contributes to [[Export|exports]]. The Punjab government has taken initiatives to boost [[horticulture]] and enhance market access, addressing challenges like pests and price fluctuations to improve productivity and profitability.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Y. P. |date=2024-06-30 |title=Mann Govt achieves another milestone, exports first shipment of Punjab's litchi to England |url=https://yespunjab.com/mann-govt-achieves-another-milestone-exports-first-shipment-of-punjabs-litchi-to-england/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Yes Punjab News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-07 |title=From layoff to litchi: How a Pathankot youth finally tasted success |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/litchi-layoff-punjab-youth-pathankot-farming-horticulture-exports-9437720/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
As per | As per data of 2011 census Pathankot urban agglomeration had a population of 159,909, out of which males were 84,145 and females were 75,764. The literacy rate was 88.71 per cent.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 7 July 2012 }}</ref> | ||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|title=Religion in Pathankot City<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/5-pathankot.html|title=Pathankot City Population Census 2011 - Punjab}}</ref> | |||
|title=Religion in Pathankot | |||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1=Religion | |left1=Religion | ||
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|float=right | |float=right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]| | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|88.89}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]| | {{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|DarkKhaki|8.05}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]| | {{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|DodgerBlue|1.73}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]| | {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|0.38}} | ||
{{bar percent|Others| | {{bar percent|Others|Grey|0.95}}}} | ||
Most common language here is [[Punjabi Language|Punjabi]], [[Hindi]]. | |||
==Sports== | ==Sports== | ||
On 8 November 2014, Punjab Deputy CM Sukhbir Singh Badal laid the foundation stone for a stadium in Pathankot. But even after 6 years , the stadium is still incomplete. Sportspeople | On 8 November 2014, Punjab Deputy CM Sukhbir Singh Badal laid the foundation stone for a stadium in Pathankot. But even after 6 years, the stadium is still incomplete. Sportspeople struggle to get any facilities in Pathankot. There are no proper grounds to practice. So they go to other cities, while most of the young population pursue other careers.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Five months on, work yet to begin on Pathankot stadium|url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/five-months-on-work-yet-to-begin-on-pathankot-stadium/60421.html |website = www.tribuneindia.com |access-date = 2 January 2016}}</ref> | ||
== | ==Notable sites== | ||
'''Keshopur Chhamb''' is home to many Migratory Birds and is only major natural wetland in the state. | |||
*There is a fortress called the '''Nurpur Fort''' built by the [[Pathania]] [[Rajputs]], more than 900 years ago. The temple is also built there named '''Brij Raj Swami''' devoted to Lord Krishna and Mira Bai, the only place where idols of both are worshipped. It was damaged due to the earthquake which struck in 1905 A.D., 25 km from Pathankot. | *There is a fortress called the '''Nurpur Fort''' built by the [[Pathania]] [[Rajputs]], more than 900 years ago. The temple is also built there named '''Brij Raj Swami''' devoted to Lord Krishna and Mira Bai, the only place where idols of both are worshipped. It was damaged due to the earthquake which struck in 1905 A.D., 25 km from Pathankot. It is 25 km away from Pathankot. | ||
The Union Ministry for Forests, Environment and Climate Change has given the long-awaited signal to develop the twin islands of Kalara and Palangi, located in the midst of the Ranjit Sagar Dam Lake | The Union Ministry for Forests, Environment and Climate Change has given the long-awaited signal to develop the twin islands of Kalara and Palangi, located in the midst of the Ranjit Sagar Dam Lake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/twin-islands-in-pathankot-set-to-boost-tourism-127213|title = Twin islands in Pathankot set to boost tourism}}</ref> | ||
==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
{{ | {{sister project links|Pathankot}} | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | |||
* [[Amanpreet Ahluwalia]] (racing driver) | |||
* [[Dev Anand]] (actor) | |||
* [[Sunny Deol]] ([[Member of parliament#India|MP]])<ref name="india.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/vinod-khanna|title = National Portal of India}}</ref> | * [[Sunny Deol]] ([[Member of parliament#India|MP]])<ref name="india.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/vinod-khanna|title = National Portal of India}}</ref> | ||
* [[Siddarth Kaul]] (cricketer) | |||
* [[Jagmohan Kaur]] (singer) | |||
* [[Vinod Khanna]] ([[Member of parliament#India|MP]])<ref name="india.gov.in"/> | * [[Vinod Khanna]] ([[Member of parliament#India|MP]])<ref name="india.gov.in"/> | ||
* [[Master Mohan Lal]] (Ex. MLA) | * [[Master Mohan Lal]] (Ex. MLA) | ||
* [[ | * [[Rajindar Nath Rehbar]] (poet (Shaayar in Urdu) and lyricist) | ||
* [[Rajbeer Singh]] ( | * [[Rajbeer Singh]] (actor) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:26, 22 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2012) |
Pathankot
Paṭhānkōt (Punjabi) Paithan | |
|---|---|
Pathankot Valley, Ranjit Sagar Dam, Baijnath Temple, Pathankot Skyline | |
  Pathankot Location in Punjab, India  Pathankot Pathankot (India) | |
| Coordinates: 32°16′10″N 75°39′07″E / 32.26944°N 75.65194°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Pathankot |
| Named for | Pathania Rajput |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipal Corporation |
| • Deputy Commissioner | Sh. Sanyam Aggarwal, I A S. |
| Area | |
| • Total | 19.7 km2 (7.6 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 6th |
| Elevation | 332 m (1,089 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 249,000(approx250,000 include sub-urban)[1] |
| Demonym | Pathankotia |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Punjabi, Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Pin Code | 145001 |
| Telephone code | 0186 |
| Vehicle registration | PB-35 |
| Website | https://pathankot.nic.in/ |
Pathankot (pa) is a city and the district headquarters of the Pathankot district in Punjab, India. Pathankot is the sixth most populous city of Punjab, after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala and Bathinda. Its local government is a municipal corporation. Pathankot is located in the northern-most part of Punjab and shares an international border with the Narowal District of Pakistan's Punjab province to its northwest.
History[edit | edit source]
| This section does not cite any sources. (January 2026) |
Ancient period[edit | edit source]
Obv: Standing figure, probably of Vishvamitra, Kharoshthi legend, around: Mahadevasa Dharaghoshasa/Odumbarisa "Great Lord King Dharaghosha/Prince of Audumabara", across: Viçvamitra "Vishvamitra".
Rev: Trident battle-axe, tree with railing, Brahmi legend identical in content to the obverse.[2]
In the Mahabharata and in the works of Sanskrit grammarian and linguistic scholar Panini, the region is also mentioned as Audumbara, which was classified as Ayudhajivi sangha (warrior community).
Numerous coins of great antiquity related to Ancient Audumbara Kingdom were found at various sites of Pathankot.
Medieval Period[edit | edit source]
In the medieval period from 11th century CE to the 16th century, Pathankot was the first capital of Nurpur State (present-day Himachal Pradesh), which was earlier known as Dhameri, a corruption of Audumbari.
Mughal period[edit | edit source]
Pathankot's name was changed From Dhameri To Nurpur during Shah Jahan's reign. The Pathania clan of native Pahadi Rajputs of the region derived its name from Pathankot, which was known as Paithan.
Under Sikh empire[edit | edit source]
Pathankot was invaded by Jarnail Jai Singh Kanhaiya of Kanhaiya Misl and was annexed from the ruling Pathania Rajput clan and merged with Punjab during Maharaja Ranjit Singh's rule. Moran Sarkar, a Muslim dancing girl Ranjit Singh married, lived in a fortress in Pathankot from 1811 till her demise.
Colonial period[edit | edit source]
Pathankot was merged with Gurdaspur district in 1853; prior to that, it was part of Kangra after British annexed the hill regions from Sikhs after the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845.[citation needed]
After independence[edit | edit source]
During partition, the initial plan by the border demarcation committee was to place Pathankot (part of Gurdaspur district that time) in Pakistan and Shakargarh district in India. However, Shakargarh district was finally given to Pakistan and Gurdaspur district (along with Pathankot) was given to India.
Geography[edit | edit source]
Pathankot has an average elevation of 332 metres (1,089 ft). It is a green town surrounded by the Ravi and Chakki rivers. Shiwalik foothills on the south and east and snow-capped Himalayas in the back drop in north.
Average temperature[edit | edit source]
- Spring: The climate remains the most enjoyable part of the year during the spring season (from mid-February to mid-April). Temperatures vary between (max) 16 °C to 25 °C and (min) 9 °C to 18 °C.
- Autumn: In autumn (from mid-September to mid November.), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 30 °C. Temperatures usually remain between 16° and 27° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 11 °C.
- Summer: The temperature in summer (from mid-May to mid-June) may rise to a maximum of 46 °C (rarely). Temperatures generally remain between 34 and 46 °C (93 and 115 °F).
- Monsoon: During monsoon(from mid-June to mid-September), Pathankot receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/ south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which is mainly a persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Pathankot during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day.
- Winter: Winters (November to mid-March) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Pathankot. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 7 °C to 15 °C and (min) 0 °C to 8 °C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2–3 days with sometimes hail-storms. Pathankot experienced snowfall in 2012 after almost 55 years.[citation needed]
| Climate data for Pathankot | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28 (82) |
29 (84) |
35 (95) |
43 (109) |
46 (115) |
49 (120) |
46 (115) |
41 (106) |
40 (104) |
40 (104) |
35 (95) |
29 (84) |
49 (120) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18 (64) |
21 (70) |
26 (79) |
33 (91) |
37 (99) |
39 (102) |
34 (93) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
31 (88) |
25 (77) |
19 (66) |
29 (84) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8 (46) |
11 (52) |
16 (61) |
22 (72) |
26 (79) |
29 (84) |
28 (82) |
28 (82) |
26 (79) |
21 (70) |
14 (57) |
9 (48) |
20 (68) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −4 (25) |
0 (32) |
4 (39) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
20 (68) |
19 (66) |
9 (48) |
4 (39) |
−1 (30) |
−4 (25) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71 (2.8) |
80 (3.1) |
81 (3.2) |
46 (1.8) |
34 (1.3) |
78 (3.1) |
356 (14.0) |
370 (14.6) |
140 (5.5) |
25 (1.0) |
16 (0.6) |
38 (1.5) |
1,335 (52.5) |
| Average precipitation days | 5 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 71 |
| [citation needed] | |||||||||||||
Pathankot/Dera Baba has been ranked 26th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India.[3]
Politics[edit | edit source]
The city is part of the Pathankot Assembly Constituency.
Facilities[edit | edit source]
Government of Pathankot had constructed 4 public toilets in 2018 but they had been opened for only 6 days so as to get good rankings in surveys. You can find them at various places where they charge you 10/- but you can avail general conveniences in a clean environment[4]
Transport[edit | edit source]
Pathankot is connected by rail and road with the rest of the country. Pathankot is connected by a network of private and public-sector bus services to other cities in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir. Destinations include Delhi, Manali Chandigarh, Jammu, Dharamshala, Dalhousie and Amritsar. Pathankot is used as a gateway for Chamba and Kangra Valley in Himachal Pradesh and for various locations in Jammu and Kashmir like Jammu City Mansar Lake, Surinsar Lake, Srinagar, Udhampur, Holy Cave at Amarnath, Patni Top and Holy Cave of Mata Vaishno Devi (Katra) 155 km away from Pathankot.
One can take an auto rickshaw or a cycle rickshaw.
Traffic management is poor in the city. No traffic lights exist in the city.[5]
By Air[edit | edit source]
- Pathankot Airport is a domestic airport serving Pathankot with scheduled flight operations to/from New Delhi by Alliance Air under the UDAN Scheme. The nearest International Airport, is in Amritsar.
Train[edit | edit source]
Pathankot Railway Station under A-category. Pathankot is a major railroad junction. Lines from Amritsar (2 hrs) and Delhi (8 hrs) merge here, and all services to Jammu (2 hrs) pass through. In addition to Pathankot station itself, there is a second station called Chakki Bank renamed Pathankot Cantt 4 km away, which serves some express trains that do not stop in Pathankot station. Nowadays the majority of the Jammu trains stop only at Pathankot Cantt Railway Station[6] and not at Pathankot Railway Station.
Pathankot has direct train links with Delhi, Jammu and other Indian cities. All trains going to Jammu pass through Pathankot Cantt Station. Trains include Rajdhani, Swaraj Express, Pooja Express, Shri Shakti Express. Super fast trains do not serve Pathankot Station. The distance from Pathankot & Pathankot Cant Railway station is 4 km.
Pathankot is also served by the narrow-gauge Kangra Valley Railway (a.k.a. Kangra Toy Train) built by the British, which travels 128 km to Joginder Nagar via Palampur and Kangra (near Dharamsala)., The luxury Kangra Queen services were terminated in 2003, leaving about six departures daily of slow, often crowded second class trains, taking over six hours. Bookings for these can only be done in-person at Pathankot station. Some of these trains run to Baijnath Paprola and a few to Joginder Nagar. The main stations on this line include Kangra and Palampur. The town is the lower terminus of the Kangra Valley Railway, thereby connecting the mountainous regions of western Himachal Pradesh to the network of Indian Railways.
Bus[edit | edit source]
Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminal Pathankot is close to Pathankot railway station. Public buses to Dharamshala Dalhousie take 3–4 hours. while buses to Amritsar take 3 hours. Dalhousie, a famous destination for honeymoon couples is 80 km from Pathankot. The Hindu Pilgrimage Vaishno devi is 160 km from Pathankot. Chandigarh is 4–5 hours away. It is well connected with bus services from Punjab roadways, Haryana Roadways, Himachal Roadways J&K transport, and private AC volvo buses.
One can stop over in Pathankot en route to Gurdaspur (35 km), Mukerian (40), Joginder Nagar (149 km), Dharamshala (88 km), Dalhousie (100 km), Amritsar (108), Palampur (112 km), Chamba (100 km) & Jammu (100 km), Hoshiarpur (100 km), Kangra (86 km), Jalandhar (108 km), Srinagar (400 km) all in different directions from Pathankot via Jalandhar-Srinagar National highway (NH-44), Dabwali-Pathankot National highway (NH-54) and Pathankot-Mandi National highway (NH-154).
Economy[edit | edit source]
Pathankot’s economy is primarily driven by agriculture, trade, and transportation. The region is known for producing crops like wheat, maize, and litchi, benefiting from its fertile soil and favorable climate. Its strategic location makes it a key trading hub connecting Punjab with Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Small-scale industries, local trade markets, and tourism also contribute significantly to the city’s economic activities.
Litchi Production
Pathankot is a key litchi-growing region in Punjab, with a seasonal harvest in late spring. Its litchi cultivation supports local farmers and contributes to exports. The Punjab government has taken initiatives to boost horticulture and enhance market access, addressing challenges like pests and price fluctuations to improve productivity and profitability.[7][8]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
As per data of 2011 census Pathankot urban agglomeration had a population of 159,909, out of which males were 84,145 and females were 75,764. The literacy rate was 88.71 per cent.[9]
Most common language here is Punjabi, Hindi.
Sports[edit | edit source]
On 8 November 2014, Punjab Deputy CM Sukhbir Singh Badal laid the foundation stone for a stadium in Pathankot. But even after 6 years, the stadium is still incomplete. Sportspeople struggle to get any facilities in Pathankot. There are no proper grounds to practice. So they go to other cities, while most of the young population pursue other careers.[11]
Notable sites[edit | edit source]
Keshopur Chhamb is home to many Migratory Birds and is only major natural wetland in the state.
- There is a fortress called the Nurpur Fort built by the Pathania Rajputs, more than 900 years ago. The temple is also built there named Brij Raj Swami devoted to Lord Krishna and Mira Bai, the only place where idols of both are worshipped. It was damaged due to the earthquake which struck in 1905 A.D., 25 km from Pathankot. It is 25 km away from Pathankot.
The Union Ministry for Forests, Environment and Climate Change has given the long-awaited signal to develop the twin islands of Kalara and Palangi, located in the midst of the Ranjit Sagar Dam Lake.[12]
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- Amanpreet Ahluwalia (racing driver)
- Dev Anand (actor)
- Sunny Deol (MP)[13]
- Siddarth Kaul (cricketer)
- Jagmohan Kaur (singer)
- Vinod Khanna (MP)[13]
- Master Mohan Lal (Ex. MLA)
- Rajindar Nath Rehbar (poet (Shaayar in Urdu) and lyricist)
- Rajbeer Singh (actor)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=30047 [dead link]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century, A.D. by Rapson, E. J. p.154 [1]
- ↑ "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ↑ "14-03-2021 : Pathankot Bhaskar ePaper: Read Pathankot Bhaskar Local Hindi Newspaper Online, Page 1".[dead link]
- ↑ "Pathankot News Sign Boards In 38 Places In The City No White And Yellow Lines In 32 Places Traffic Lights Have Been Closed For Many Years Not Even Zebra Crossing". April 2022.
- ↑ "PTKC/Pathankot Cantt (3 PFs) Railway Station - Train Departure Timings - India Rail Info".
- ↑ Team, Y. P. (30 June 2024). "Mann Govt achieves another milestone, exports first shipment of Punjab's litchi to England". Yes Punjab News. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
- ↑ "From layoff to litchi: How a Pathankot youth finally tasted success". The Indian Express. 7 July 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
- ↑ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ↑ "Pathankot City Population Census 2011 - Punjab".
- ↑ "Five months on, work yet to begin on Pathankot stadium". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ↑ "Twin islands in Pathankot set to boost tourism".
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "National Portal of India".
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