Saramati: Difference between revisions

Saramati
Arohanam	S R₂ G₂ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₂ D₁ M₁ G₂ S

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Latest revision as of 19:32, 29 January 2026

Saramati is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 20th melakarta scale Natabhairavi.^[1] It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the descending scale.

Structure and Lakshana[edit | edit source]

Ascending scale with *shadjam* at C, which is same as *Natabhairavi* scale

Descending scale with *shadjam* at C, which is same as *Hindolam* scale

Saramati is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain panchamam or rishabham in the descending scale. It is a combination of the sampurna raga scale Natabhairavi and pentatonic scale Hindolam. It is an sampurna-audava rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic descending scale).^[1]^[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

ārohaṇa : S R₂ G₂ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ^{[lower-alpha 1]}
avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₂ D₁ M₁ G₂ S^{[lower-alpha 2]}

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, panchamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham in ascending scale, with panchamam and rishabham dropped in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

Popular compositions[edit | edit source]

A few compositions have been set to Saramati rāgam.

Mokshamugalada by Tyagaraja
Narasimhana Pada by Purandara Dasa
Sarasadala Nayane by Muthiah Bhagavatar
Enna Thunivai by Marimuthu Pillai
Sri Ramabadhra by Papanasam Sivan
Manasaramati by Thanjavur Shankara Iyer
Sri Saradamba Bhaje by H. H. Sri Bharathi Tirtha Mahaswamigal
Unnata Venkata by Thulaseevanam
Arula Vendum Thaaye by M. M. Dandapani Desikar
Sharade Namaste and Saramati Saraswati by Kalyani Varadarajan
Unnai Anri by Dr. Lalgudi Jayaraman
Nadamadum Deivame by Maharajapuram Santhanam
Bharatha Nannaadu by N. S. Chidambaram
Ramam Bhaje by Y. K. Srikantaiah

Music composer Ilaiyaraaja has set the Tyagaraja krithi "Mari Mari Ninne" to this Raga in the movie Sindhu Bhairavi, even though the actual Krithi is in the Raga Kambhoji.

Film Songs[edit | edit source]

Language:Tamil[edit | edit source]

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Unai Allaal OIru	Raja Mukthi	C. R. Subbaraman	M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Kaathiruppan Kamalakannan(Ragamalika)	Uthama Puthiran	G. Ramanathan	P. Leela
Mari Mari Ninne	Sindhu Bhairavi	Ilaiyaraaja	K. J. Yesudas
Paadariyen Padipariyen	Sindhu Bhairavi	Ilaiyaraaja	K. S. Chithra (Won National Award for Paadariyen)
Ettadukku Maligayil	Aadi Viradham	Shankar–Ganesh	K. S. Chithra (Won National Award for Paadariyen)
Eduda Melam	Enga Chinna Rasa		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Maasi Maasam Than	Oorkavalan		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
Edutha Sabadam	Oorkavalan		K. J. Yesudas

Language:Kannada[edit | edit source]

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Bharatha Bhooshira	Upasane	Vijaya Naarasimha	S. Janaki
Yellellu Sangeetave	Malaya Marutha	Chi. Udayashankar	K. J. Yesudas

Related rāgams[edit | edit source]

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Scale similarities[edit | edit source]

Hindolam has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the descending scale of Saramati. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S G2 M1 D1 N2 S : S N2 D1 M1 G2 S

Notes[edit | edit source]

↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S R G̱ M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
- Western: C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C
↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G̱ S
- Western: C B♭ A♭ F E♭ C

References[edit | edit source]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
↑ Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

[3] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S R G̱ M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
Western: C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C

[2] Hindustani: S R G̱ M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ

[3] Western: C D E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C

[4] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G̱ S
Western: C B♭ A♭ F E♭ C

[5] Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G̱ S

[6] Western: C B♭ A♭ F E♭ C

[ragas-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

[raganidhi-2] Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

[1]

[2]

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
 {{for|the mountain|Mount Saramati}}
+{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
+{{Carnatic}}
 {{Infobox ragam
 | name          = Saramati
@@ Line 18: / Line 21: @@
 | similar       =
 }}
-{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}
+'''Saramati''' is a [[raga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 20th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale [[Natabhairavi]].<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the descending scale.
-{{Carnatic}}
-'''Saramati''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 20th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale [[Natabhairavi]].<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the descending scale.
 == Structure and Lakshana ==
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 [[Image:Hindolam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Descending scale with ''shadjam'' at C, which is same as ''Hindolam'' scale]]
-''Saramati'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''panchamam'' or ''rishabham'' in the descending scale. It is a combination of the ''[[sampurna raga]]'' scale ''Natabhairavi'' and pentatonic scale ''[[Hindolam]]''. It is an ''sampurna-audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic descending scale).<ref name="ragas" /><ref  name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:
+''Saramati'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''panchamam'' or ''rishabham'' in the descending scale. It is a combination of the ''[[sampurna raga]]'' scale ''Natabhairavi'' and pentatonic scale ''[[Hindolam]]''. It is an ''sampurna-audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic descending scale).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:
 *[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G2|M1|P|D1|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
 *[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|M1|G2|S|foot=yes}}
-The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, panchamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''panchamam'' and ''rishabham'' dropped in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].
+The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, panchamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''panchamam'' and ''rishabham'' dropped in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].
 ==Popular compositions==
@@ Line 38: / Line 39: @@
 * ''Mokshamugalada'' by [[Tyagaraja]]
-* ''Sarasadala nayane'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
+* ''Narasimhana Pada'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
-* ''Manasaramati'' by [[Thanjavur Shankara Iyer]]
+* ''Sarasadala Nayane'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
-* ''Unnata Venkata'' by [[Thulaseevanam]]
+* ''Enna Thunivai'' by [[Marimutha Pillai|Marimuthu Pillai]]
-* ''Shârade Namaste''  and ''Sâramati Saraswati'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]
+* ''Sri Ramabadhra'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
-*''Hari kotta kalakke'' by [[Purandara dasa]]
+* ''Manasaramati'' by Thanjavur Shankara Iyer
+* ''Sri Saradamba Bhaje'' by H. H. Sri [[Bharathi Tirtha]] Mahaswamigal
-Music composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]] has set the [[Tyagaraja]] krithi "Mari Mari Ninne" to this Raga in the movie [[Sindhu bhairavi]], even though the actual krithi is in the raga [[Kambhoji]].
+* ''Unnata Venkata'' by Thulaseevanam
+* ''Arula Vendum Thaaye'' by [[M. M. Dandapani Desikar]]
+* ''Sharade Namaste''  and ''Saramati Saraswati'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]
+* ''Unnai Anri'' by Dr. [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]
+*''Nadamadum Deivame'' by [[Maharajapuram Santhanam]]
+* ''Bharatha Nannaadu'' by [[N. S. Chidambaram]]
+*''Ramam Bhaje'' by Y. K. Srikantaiah
+Music composer [[Ilaiyaraaja]] has set the [[Tyagaraja]] krithi "Mari Mari Ninne" to this Raga in the movie [[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]], even though the actual [[Kriti (music)|Krithi]] is in the [[Raga]] [[Kambhoji]].
 == Film Songs ==
@@ Line 56: / Line 65: @@
 |Unai Allaal OIru
 |[[Raja Mukthi]]
-|[[C. R. Subburaman]]
+|[[C. R. Subbaraman]]
 |[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
+|-
+|Kaathiruppan Kamalakannan(Ragamalika)
+|[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]
+|[[G. Ramanathan]]
+|[[P. Leela]]
 |-
 |Mari Mari Ninne
@@ Line 65: / Line 79: @@
 |-
 |Paadariyen Padipariyen
-|rowspan="2"|[[K. S. Chitra]]
+|rowspan="2"|[[K. S. Chithra]] (Won National Award for Paadariyen)
 |-
 |Ettadukku Maligayil
 |Aadi Viradham
-|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
+|rowspan=4|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
+|-
+|Eduda Melam
+|[[Enga Chinna Rasa]]
+|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
+|-
+|Maasi Maasam Than
+|rowspan=2|[[Oorkavalan]]
+|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
+|-
+|Edutha Sabadam
+|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
 |}
-=== Language:[[Kannada language|Kannada]] ===
+=== Language:[[Kannada]] ===
 {| class="wikitable"
 !Song
@@ Line 81: / Line 106: @@
 |Bharatha Bhooshira
 |[[Upasane]]
-|[[Vijaya Narasimha]]
+|[[Vijaya Naarasimha]]
-|[[S Janaki]]
+|[[S. Janaki]]
 |-
 |Yellellu Sangeetave

v t e Janya ragas
A-B	Abheri Abhogi Ahiri Amritavarshini Anandabhairavi Andolika Arabhi Asaveri Atana Bageshri Bahudari Bhairavi Bhupalam Bilahari Bowli
D-J	Darbar Darbari Kanada Devagandhari Dhanyasi Gambhiranata Garudadhvani Gaula Hamsadhvani Hamsanadam Hamsanandi Hindolam Jana Ranjani Jaunpuri
K-L	Kalyanavasantam Kambhoji Kāpi Karnataka Shuddha Saveri Kedaragaula Kedaram Khamas Lavangi
M	Madhuvanti Madhyamavati Malahari Malayamarutam Mohanakalyani Mohanam Mukhari
N-R	Nagasvaravali Nata Nattakurinji Navarasa kannada Niroshta Patmanjiri Pharaju Poornachandrika Punnagavarali Ranjani Reethigowla Revagupti Revati
S	Sahana Salaga Bhairavi Saramati Saveri Shivaranjani Shree ragam Shree ranjani Shuddha Saveri Sindhu Bhairavi Sunadavinodini
T-V	Tilang Udayaravichandrika (Shuddha Dhanyasi) Valaji Varali Vasantha Yadukulakamboji Yamunakalyani
Carnatic music Swaras Melakarta ragas Asampurna Melakarta ragas List of Janya ragas