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{{Short description|Indian | {{Short description|Indian filmmaker and screenwriter (born 1941)}} | ||
{{family name hatnote|Adoor|Gopalakrishnan|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name | | name = Adoor Gopalakrishnan | ||
| image | | image = Director Adoor Gopalakrishnan.jpg | ||
| caption = At an event in Thiruvananthapuram in 2012 | |||
| caption | | birthname = Mouttathu Gopalakrishnan Unnithan | ||
| birthname | | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1941|07|03}} | ||
| birth_date | | birth_place = [[Mannadi]], [[Adoor]], [[Kollam district]], [[Travancore]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Pathanamthitta district]], [[Kerala]], India) | ||
| birth_place | | othername = Adoor | ||
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter|film producer}} | |||
| othername | | years_active = 1965–present | ||
| occupation | | alma_mater = [[Film and Television Institute of India]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) keen to go global, train foreign actors & technicians - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/film-and-television-institute-of-india-ftii-keen-to-go-global-train-foreign-actors-technicians/articleshow/63067198.cms|website=The Times of India|date=25 February 2018 |access-date=25 April 2018|archive-date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225154915/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/film-and-television-institute-of-india-ftii-keen-to-go-global-train-foreign-actors-technicians/articleshow/63067198.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
| years_active = | | spouse = {{Marriage|Sunanda||2015|reason=died}} | ||
| alma_mater | | children = 1 | ||
| spouse | | website = {{URL|adoorgopalakrishnan.com}} | ||
| children | | awards = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Padma Vibhushan]] (2006)|[[Padma Shri]] (1984)|[[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] (2004)}} | ||
| website | |||
| awards | |||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Mouttathu Gopalakrishnan Unnithan''' (born 3 July 1941), known professionally as '''Adoor Gopalakrishnan''', is an Indian [[film director]], screenwriter, and [[film producer|producer]] who works in [[Malayalam cinema]]. With the release of his first feature film ''[[Swayamvaram (1972 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' (1972), Gopalakrishnan pioneered the "new wave" in Malayalam cinema during the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Golden rigmaroles: Adoor Gopalakrishnan on the Malayalam screen|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/310716/golden-rigmaroles-adoor-gopalakrishnan-on-the-malayalam-screen.html|access-date=25 April 2018|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=31 July 2016|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426014950/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/310716/golden-rigmaroles-adoor-gopalakrishnan-on-the-malayalam-screen.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a career spanning over five decades, Gopalakrishnan has made 12 feature films. His films often depict the society and culture of [[Kerala]]. Nearly all of his films premiered at [[Venice Film Festival|Venice]], [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]] and [[Toronto International Film Festival|Toronto]] film festivals. Along with [[Satyajit Ray]] and [[Mrinal Sen]], Gopalakrishnan is one of the most recognized Indian film directors in the world cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0329715/ |title=Adoor Gopalakrishnan |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=15 June 2019 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811224017/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0329715/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adoor-Gopalakrishnan |title=Adoor Gopalakrishnan | Biography, Movies, & Facts |access-date=15 June 2019 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812183242/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adoor-Gopalakrishnan |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
For his films, Gopalakrishnan has won | For his films, Gopalakrishnan has won 16 [[National Film Awards]], next only to Ray and Sen. He also won 17 [[Kerala State Film Awards]]. He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1984 and the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2006. He received the [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] in 2004 for his valuable contributions to Indian cinema.<ref name="falkeaward">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/06/stories/2005090606830700.htm |title=Adoor selected for Phalke award |access-date=3 July 2011 |date=6 September 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505174552/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/06/stories/2005090606830700.htm |archive-date=5 May 2014 }}</ref> In 2016, he was awarded the [[J. C. Daniel Award]], Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema. The [[University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee]] have established an archive and research center, the Adoor Gopalakrishnan Film Archive and Research Center, at their Peck School of Arts where research students will have access to 35 mm prints of the 11 feature films and several documentaries made by Gopalakrishnan.<ref name="Milwaukee chose me: Adoor Gopalakrishnan">{{Cite web |url=https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2013/05/06/adoor-gopalakrishnan-film-archive-research-center-at-peck-school-of-arts/ |title=Milwaukee chose me: Adoor Gopalakrishnan |last=Attipetty |first=Peter |date=6 May 2013 |website=The American Bazaar |language=en-US |access-date=11 October 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011052034/https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2013/05/06/adoor-gopalakrishnan-film-archive-research-center-at-peck-school-of-arts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
== | ==Early life== | ||
Gopalakrishnan was born on 3 July 1941 in the village of Pallickal [http://wikimapia.org/31200983/Medayil-Bungalow-Pallickal (Medayil Bungalow)] near [[Adoor]], present day [[Kerala]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | Gopalakrishnan was born on 3 July 1941 in the village of Pallickal [http://wikimapia.org/31200983/Medayil-Bungalow-Pallickal (Medayil Bungalow)] near [[Adoor]], present-day [[Kerala]], to a Malayali [[Nair]] family.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} | ||
After securing a degree in Economics, Political Science and Public Administration in 1961 from the [[Gandhigram Rural Institute]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Page on Adoor Gopalakrishnan at Kerala tourism | url = http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?zone=4&menu=59&id=21 | access-date = 8 February 2008 | archive-date = 17 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135042/http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?zone=4&menu=59&id=21 | url-status = live }}</ref> he worked as a Government | After securing a degree in Economics, Political Science and Public Administration in 1961 from the [[Gandhigram Rural Institute]] near [[Dindigul]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Page on Adoor Gopalakrishnan at Kerala tourism | url = http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?zone=4&menu=59&id=21 | access-date = 8 February 2008 | archive-date = 17 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135042/http://www.keralatourism.org/index.php?zone=4&menu=59&id=21 | url-status = live }}</ref> he worked in Kerala as a statistical investigator for the Government of India's [[National Sample Survey Office (India)|National Sample Survey Office]] in its early years. | ||
In 1962, he left his job to study screenwriting and direction at the [[Film and Television Institute of India]], Pune. He completed his course with a scholarship from the [[Government of India]]. With his classmates and friends, Gopalakrishnan established Chithralekha Film Society and Chalachithra Sahakarana Sangham; the organization was the first film society in Kerala and it aimed at production, distribution and exhibition of films in the co-operative sector. | |||
[[File:Adoor Gopalakrishnan | ==Film career== | ||
[[File:Adoor Gopalakrishnan, South Indian film director, script writer, and producer at IFFK2016 01.jpg|thumb|left|Gopalakrishnan at the [[International Film Festival of Kerala]], 2016]] | |||
Gopalakrishnan's debut film, the national award-winning ''Swayamvaram'' (1972) was a milestone in [[Malayalam film]] history. The film was exhibited widely in various international film festivals including those held in Moscow, [[Melbourne]], London and Paris. The films that followed namely ''[[Kodiyettam]], [[Elippathayam]], [[Mukhamukham]], [[Anantaram]], ''[[Mathilukal (film)|Mathilukal]]'', [[Vidheyan]]'' and ''[[Kathapurushan]]'' lived up to the reputation of his first film and were well received by critics at various film festivals and fetched him many awards. However, ''Mukhamukham'' was criticized in Kerala while ''Vidheyan'' was at the centre of a debate due to the differences in opinion between the writer of story of the film Sakhariya and Gopalakrishnan. | Gopalakrishnan's debut film, the national award-winning ''Swayamvaram'' (1972) was a milestone in [[Malayalam film]] history. The film was exhibited widely in various international film festivals including those held in Moscow, [[Melbourne]], London and Paris. The films that followed namely ''[[Kodiyettam]], [[Elippathayam]], [[Mukhamukham]], [[Anantaram]], ''[[Mathilukal (film)|Mathilukal]]'', [[Vidheyan]]'' and ''[[Kathapurushan]]'' lived up to the reputation of his first film and were well received by critics at various film festivals and fetched him many awards. However, ''Mukhamukham'' was criticized in Kerala while ''Vidheyan'' was at the centre of a debate due to the differences in opinion between the writer of story of the film Sakhariya and Gopalakrishnan. | ||
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In consideration of his contribution to Indian cinema, the nation honoured him with the title of [[Padma Shri]] (India's fourth highest civilian award) in 1984 and [[Padma Vibhushan]] (India's second highest civilian award) in 2006. | In consideration of his contribution to Indian cinema, the nation honoured him with the title of [[Padma Shri]] (India's fourth highest civilian award) in 1984 and [[Padma Vibhushan]] (India's second highest civilian award) in 2006. | ||
Gopalakrishnan is settled in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] | ==Personal life== | ||
[[File:Adoor Gopalakrishnan in 2022 4.jpg|thumb|Gopalakrishnan in 2022]] | |||
Gopalakrishnan is settled in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in Kerala. His daughter Aswathi Dorje is an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer (part of the Assam cadre, 2000 batch), currently acting as Deputy Commissioner of Police in [[Mumbai]] since June 2010.<ref>{{cite web |author=A correspondent Date: 2 June 2010 Place: Mumbai |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/jun/020610-mumbai-dcp-husband-wife-chhering-dorje-aswati.htm |title=Husband-wife set to take charge as Mumbai's DCPs |publisher=Mid-day.com |date=2 June 2010 |access-date=11 June 2012 |archive-date=25 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625202448/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/jun/020610-mumbai-dcp-husband-wife-chhering-dorje-aswati.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050123/asp/look/story_4279220.asp | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | title=Crimebusters | date=23 January 2005 | access-date=3 June 2010 | archive-date=24 November 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124035252/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050123/asp/look/story_4279220.asp | url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
His biography ''Face to Face: The Cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan'' (2016) has been written by film scholar [[Parthajit Baruah]] of [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Face-to-Face |url=https://www.analpabooks.com/face-to-face |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=www.analpabooks.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baruah |first=Parthajit |title=Face to Face: The Cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2016 |isbn=9789351361954 |language=English}}</ref> | |||
In December 2023, alongside 50 other filmmakers, Gopalakrishnan signed an open letter published in ''[[Libération]]'' demanding a ceasefire and an end to the [[2023 Gaza war]], and for a humanitarian corridor into Gaza to be established for humanitarian aid, and the release of hostages.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 December 2023|title=Gaza : des cinéastes du monde entier demandent un cessez-le-feu immédiat|url=https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/gaza-des-cineastes-du-monde-entier-demandent-un-cessez-le-feu-immediat-20231228_WMAUSVJVLFEBNK4ME4XU3ZRU3M/|newspaper=[[Libération]]|language=fr|access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thefilmstage.com/claire-denis-ryusuke-hamaguchi-kiyoshi-kurosawa-christian-petzold-apichatpong-weerasethakul-more-sign-demand-for-ceasefire-in-gaza/|title=Claire Denis, Ryusuke Hamaguchi, Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Christian Petzold, Apichatpong Weerasethakul & More Sign Demand for Ceasefire in Gaza|last=Newman|first=Nick|date=29 December 2023|website=The Film Stage|access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=31 December 2023|title=Directors of cinema sign petition for immediate ceasefire|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-780176|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref> | |||
==Documentaries and 'New Cinema' movement== | ==Documentaries and 'New Cinema' movement== | ||
Apart from nine feature films, he has over 30 short films and documentaries to his credit. The [[Helsinki Film Festival]] was the first film festival to have a retrospective of his films. He has headed the jury at the [[National Film Awards]] and many international film festivals. | Apart from nine feature films, he has over 30 short films and documentaries to his credit. The [[Helsinki Film Festival]] was the first film festival to have a retrospective of his films. He has headed the jury at the [[National Film Awards]] and many international film festivals. | ||
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==Style and trademarks== | ==Style and trademarks== | ||
According to Gopalakrishnan "[i]n movies, the actor is not performing to the audience like the stage actor. Here they are acting for me. I am the audience and I will decide whether it is correct or not, enough or not."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm|title='Naalu Pennungal' not complex like my other films: Adoor|access-date=28 May 2009|publisher=[[Yahoo]] India Movies|archive-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903082245/http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
== Controversies == | |||
In 2014, Gopalakrishnan, then heading the advisory committee of [[International Film Festival of Kerala|The International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK)]], irked controversy for introducing measures such as delegate passes being given only to those who can speak English since foreign films come with [[Subtitles|English subtitles]], these changes were criticized for promoting old-world elitism and restricting the festival's appeal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2014-11-13 |title=Adoor Gopalakrishnan stirs controversy by restricting entry at state-run film fest to viewers who know English |url=https://scroll.in/article/689662/adoor-gopalakrishnan-stirs-controversy-by-restricting-entry-at-state-run-film-fest-to-viewers-who-know-english |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
In 2023, he faced criticism for defending the [[K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts]] director, Shankar Mohan, accused of violating reservation norms and discriminating based on caste and class. Gopalakrishan's statements, dismissing allegations and emphasizing Shankar Mohan's credentials, have drawn ire.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaji |first=Sukanya |date=2023-01-17 |title=Dear Adoor, caste did not end because you discarded your surname at age 20 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/dear-adoor-caste-did-not-end-because-you-discarded-your-surname-age-20-172093 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> | |||
The students accused Gopalakrishnan, the chairman of the film institute, of shielding the institute director and not addressing their concerns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film institute row: Jeo Baby withdraws 'Freedom Fight' from Kannur festival |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/12/20/jeo-baby-withdraws-movie-kannur-film-festival-protest-adoor-gopalakrishnan.html |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> | |||
==Awards and milestones== | ==Awards and milestones== | ||
[[File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Padma Vibhushan Award – 2006 to Shri Adoor Gopalakrishnan, a leading luminary of New Indian Cinema, in New Delhi on March 20, 2006.jpg|thumb|File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Padma Vibhushan Award – 2006 to Shri Adoor Gopalakrishnan in New Delhi on March 20, 2006]] | |||
Some of the awards and appreciation Gopalakrishnan has won for his films include: | Some of the awards and appreciation Gopalakrishnan has won for his films include: | ||
* 2016 - On the occasion of India celebrating its [[Independence Day (India)|70th Independence day]], news agency ''[[NDTV]]'' compiled a list called "70 Years, 70 Great Films" and ''[[Swayamvaram (1972 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' was among the four Malayalam films that found place in the list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Independence Day: 70 Years, 70 Great Films |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/happy-independence-day-70-years-70-great-films-15114 |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> | * 2016 - On the occasion of India celebrating its [[Independence Day (India)|70th Independence day]], news agency ''[[NDTV]]'' compiled a list called "70 Years, 70 Great Films" and ''[[Swayamvaram (1972 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' was among the four Malayalam films that found place in the list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Independence Day: 70 Years, 70 Great Films |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/happy-independence-day-70-years-70-great-films-15114 |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> | ||
* 2015- [[Biswaratna Dr Bhupen Hazarika International Solidarity Award]] | * 2015 - [[Biswaratna Dr Bhupen Hazarika International Solidarity Award]] | ||
* 2013 - [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] C. B. Kumar Endowment for ''Cinema yum Samskaravum'' (Essay) | * 2013 - [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] C. B. Kumar Endowment for ''Cinema yum Samskaravum'' (Essay) | ||
* 2010 - [[Honorary Doctorate]] ([[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt]]) from [[University of Kerala]] | * 2010 - [[Honorary Doctorate]] ([[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt]]) from [[University of Kerala]] | ||
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*International Film Critics Prize ([[FIPRESCI]]) — won consecutively for six feature films (Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Mathilukal, Vidheyan, Kathapurushan and Nizhalkkuthu)<ref name="officialsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm|title=Official Website of Adoor Gopalakrishnan|access-date=28 May 2009|archive-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903082245/http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | *International Film Critics Prize ([[FIPRESCI]]) — won consecutively for six feature films (Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Mathilukal, Vidheyan, Kathapurushan and Nizhalkkuthu)<ref name="officialsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm|title=Official Website of Adoor Gopalakrishnan|access-date=28 May 2009|archive-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903082245/http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
*[[London Film Festival]] — [[Sutherland Trophy]] — in 1982 for ''Elippathayam'' | *[[London Film Festival]] — [[Sutherland Trophy]] — in 1982 for ''Elippathayam'' | ||
*[[British Film Institute]] Award — Most Original Imaginative Film of 1982 — ''Elippathayam''<ref>{{cite web|title=Dadasaheb Phalke awardee Adoor Gopalakrishnan completes 50 years in cinema|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/malayalam-filmmaker-adoor-gopalakrishnan-completes-50-years-in-cinema-335690-2016-08-17|website=India Today|access-date=25 April 2018|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426012219/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/malayalam-filmmaker-adoor-gopalakrishnan-completes-50-years-in-cinema-335690-2016-08-17|url-status=live}}</ref> | *[[British Film Institute]] Award — Most Original Imaginative Film of 1982 — ''Elippathayam''<ref>{{cite web|title=Dadasaheb Phalke awardee Adoor Gopalakrishnan completes 50 years in cinema|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/malayalam-filmmaker-adoor-gopalakrishnan-completes-50-years-in-cinema-335690-2016-08-17|website=India Today|date=17 August 2016 |access-date=25 April 2018|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426012219/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/malayalam-filmmaker-adoor-gopalakrishnan-completes-50-years-in-cinema-335690-2016-08-17|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
*[[Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] by [[French Government]] (2003)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-245928,prtpage-1.cms|title=Adoor receives French honour|access-date=14 July 2008|date=22 October 2003|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=21 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021033923/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-245928,prtpage-1.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | *[[Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] by [[French Government]] (2003)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-245928,prtpage-1.cms|title=Adoor receives French honour|access-date=14 July 2008|date=22 October 2003|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=21 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021033923/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-245928,prtpage-1.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
*Lifetime achievement award at [[Cairo International Film Festival]]. | *Lifetime achievement award at [[Cairo International Film Festival]]. | ||
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| 2001 || ''Koodiyattam'' || 180 mins || Documentary || | | 2001 || ''Koodiyattam'' || 180 mins || Documentary || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2002 || ''[[Nizhalkuthu | | 2002 || ''[[Nizhalkuthu]]'' || 90 mins || Feature film ||FIPRESCI, Mumbai. National award for best regional film | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2005 || ''Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair'' || 73 mins || Documentary || | | 2005 || ''Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair'' || 73 mins || Documentary || | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| 2019 || ''Sukhantyam (A Happy End)'' || || Short fiction || | | 2019 || ''Sukhantyam (A Happy End)'' || || Short fiction || | ||
|- | |||
| Upcoming || ''Padayaatra'' || || Feature film || | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Trivia== | |||
Kaamuki (Lover) is an incomplete 1967 movie directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan and starring [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Usha Nandini|Ushanandini]], and [[Adoor Bhasi]]. The movie, produced by a friend from Kuwait, was dropped midway due to financial problems. The screenplay of the movie was later adapted, with some changes, as [[Theerangal |Theerangal (1978)]] by [[Rajeevnath|Rajeev Nath]]. Two of the four songs rendered by [[K. J. Yesudas|Yesudas]] in the original movie were also included in Theerangal (1978). The lyrics were by Ettumaanoor Somadasan, and the music was composed by the team of V.K. Sasidharan<ref>https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/Oct/07/veteran-singer-v-k-sasidharan-passes-away-2368532.html</ref> and P.K. Sivadas.<ref>https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/columns/adoor-gopalakrishnan-movie-kamuki-kj-yesudas-song-1.5800325</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
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* {{Cite book |title=Kazhchayile Kana Thalangal |language=ml |author=R. Pavithran |location=India}} | * {{Cite book |title=Kazhchayile Kana Thalangal |language=ml |author=R. Pavithran |location=India}} | ||
* {{Cite interview |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Adoor |interviewer=Patrick McGilligan |title="The Story Is Just an Excuse" |url=https://www.cineaste.com/fall2011/the-story-is-just-an-excuse-an-interview-with-adoor-gopalakrishnan-web-exclusive |date=2011}} | * {{Cite interview |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=Adoor |interviewer=Patrick McGilligan |title="The Story Is Just an Excuse" |url=https://www.cineaste.com/fall2011/the-story-is-just-an-excuse-an-interview-with-adoor-gopalakrishnan-web-exclusive |date=2011}} | ||
* {{Cite book |last=Attipetty |first=Peter Lal |title=Bodhadarayil Adoor |publisher=Logos Books |year=2023 |isbn=978-9390118823 |location=India |language=ml |trans-title=Adoor - Reminiscences}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category | {{Commons category}} | ||
* [http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm Official website of Adoor] | * [http://www.adoorgopalakrishnan.com/profile.htm Official website of Adoor] | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm Official Website of Information and Public Relation Department of Kerala] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm Official Website of Information and Public Relation Department of Kerala] | ||
* {{IMDb name|id=0329715|name=Adoor Gopalakrishnan}} | * {{IMDb name|id=0329715|name=Adoor Gopalakrishnan}} | ||
* [ | * [https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/may/06intro.htm Adoor's oeuvre on Rediff] | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070111182806/http://indulekha.com/moviegallery/2006/03/adoor-gopalakrishnan.html Collection of photos of Adoor] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070111182806/http://indulekha.com/moviegallery/2006/03/adoor-gopalakrishnan.html Collection of photos of Adoor] | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071210155029/http://weblokam.com/cinema/profiles/adoor.htm Profile of Adoor on Weblokam] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071210155029/http://weblokam.com/cinema/profiles/adoor.htm Profile of Adoor on Weblokam] | ||
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[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]] | [[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]] | ||
[[Category:People from Pathanamthitta district]] | [[Category:People from Pathanamthitta district]] | ||
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]] | [[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]] | ||
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]] | [[Category:Malayalam film producers]] | ||
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]] | [[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]] | ||
[[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]] | [[Category:Cinematographers from Kerala]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indian experimental filmmakers]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]] | ||
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]] | [[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]] | ||
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]] | [[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]] | ||
[[Category:Malayali people]] | [[Category:Malayali people]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:09, 11 March 2026
Adoor Gopalakrishnan | |
|---|---|
 At an event in Thiruvananthapuram in 2012 | |
| Born | Mouttathu Gopalakrishnan Unnithan 3 July 1941 Mannadi, Adoor, Kollam district, Travancore, British India (present-day Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India) |
| Other names | Adoor |
| Alma mater | Film and Television Institute of India[1] |
| Occupation |
|
| Years active | 1965–present |
| Spouse(s) | Sunanda ( died 2015) |
| Children | 1 |
| Awards |
|
| Website | adoorgopalakrishnan |
Mouttathu Gopalakrishnan Unnithan (born 3 July 1941), known professionally as Adoor Gopalakrishnan, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer who works in Malayalam cinema. With the release of his first feature film Swayamvaram (1972), Gopalakrishnan pioneered the "new wave" in Malayalam cinema during the 1970s.[2] In a career spanning over five decades, Gopalakrishnan has made 12 feature films. His films often depict the society and culture of Kerala. Nearly all of his films premiered at Venice, Cannes and Toronto film festivals. Along with Satyajit Ray and Mrinal Sen, Gopalakrishnan is one of the most recognized Indian film directors in the world cinema.[3][4]
For his films, Gopalakrishnan has won 16 National Film Awards, next only to Ray and Sen. He also won 17 Kerala State Film Awards. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1984 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2006. He received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2004 for his valuable contributions to Indian cinema.[5] In 2016, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema. The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee have established an archive and research center, the Adoor Gopalakrishnan Film Archive and Research Center, at their Peck School of Arts where research students will have access to 35 mm prints of the 11 feature films and several documentaries made by Gopalakrishnan.[6]
Early life[edit | edit source]
Gopalakrishnan was born on 3 July 1941 in the village of Pallickal (Medayil Bungalow) near Adoor, present-day Kerala, to a Malayali Nair family.[citation needed]
After securing a degree in Economics, Political Science and Public Administration in 1961 from the Gandhigram Rural Institute near Dindigul,[7] he worked in Kerala as a statistical investigator for the Government of India's National Sample Survey Office in its early years.
In 1962, he left his job to study screenwriting and direction at the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune. He completed his course with a scholarship from the Government of India. With his classmates and friends, Gopalakrishnan established Chithralekha Film Society and Chalachithra Sahakarana Sangham; the organization was the first film society in Kerala and it aimed at production, distribution and exhibition of films in the co-operative sector.
Film career[edit | edit source]
Gopalakrishnan's debut film, the national award-winning Swayamvaram (1972) was a milestone in Malayalam film history. The film was exhibited widely in various international film festivals including those held in Moscow, Melbourne, London and Paris. The films that followed namely Kodiyettam, Elippathayam, Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Mathilukal, Vidheyan and Kathapurushan lived up to the reputation of his first film and were well received by critics at various film festivals and fetched him many awards. However, Mukhamukham was criticized in Kerala while Vidheyan was at the centre of a debate due to the differences in opinion between the writer of story of the film Sakhariya and Gopalakrishnan.
Gopalakrishnan's later films are Nizhalkuthu, narrating the experiences of an executioner who learns that one of his subjects was innocent, and Naalu Pennungal, a film adaptation of four short stories by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai.
All his films have won national and international awards (National award for best film twice, best director five times, and best script two times. His films have also won his actors and technicians several national awards). Gopalakrishnan's third feature, Elippathayam won him the coveted British Film Institute Award for 'the most original and imaginative film' of 1982. The International Film Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) has gone to him six times successively for Mukhamukham, Anantharam, Mathilukal, Vidheyan, Kathapurushan and Nizhalkkuthu. Winner of several international awards like the UNICEF film prize (Venice), OCIC film prize (Amiens), INTERFILM Prize (Mannheim) etc., his films have been shown in Cannes, Venice, Berlin, Toronto, London, Rotterdam and every important festival around the world.
In consideration of his contribution to Indian cinema, the nation honoured him with the title of Padma Shri (India's fourth highest civilian award) in 1984 and Padma Vibhushan (India's second highest civilian award) in 2006.
Personal life[edit | edit source]
Gopalakrishnan is settled in Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala. His daughter Aswathi Dorje is an IPS officer (part of the Assam cadre, 2000 batch), currently acting as Deputy Commissioner of Police in Mumbai since June 2010.[8][9]
His biography Face to Face: The Cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan (2016) has been written by film scholar Parthajit Baruah of Assam.[10][11]
In December 2023, alongside 50 other filmmakers, Gopalakrishnan signed an open letter published in Libération demanding a ceasefire and an end to the 2023 Gaza war, and for a humanitarian corridor into Gaza to be established for humanitarian aid, and the release of hostages.[12][13][14]
Documentaries and 'New Cinema' movement[edit | edit source]
Apart from nine feature films, he has over 30 short films and documentaries to his credit. The Helsinki Film Festival was the first film festival to have a retrospective of his films. He has headed the jury at the National Film Awards and many international film festivals.
Apart from his films, Gopalakrishnan's major contribution towards introducing a new cinema culture in Kerala was the constitution of the first Film Society in Kerala, "Chitralekha Film Society". He also took active part in the constitution of "Chitralekha", Kerala's first Film Co-operative Society for film production. These movements triggered a fresh wave of films, called "art films", by directors like G Aravindan, PA Becker, KG George, Pavithran, and Raveendran. At a time this movement was so strong that even popular cinema synthesised with art cinema to create a new genre of films. Bharat Gopi starred as hero 4 times in his ventures.
Style and trademarks[edit | edit source]
According to Gopalakrishnan "[i]n movies, the actor is not performing to the audience like the stage actor. Here they are acting for me. I am the audience and I will decide whether it is correct or not, enough or not."[15]
Controversies[edit | edit source]
In 2014, Gopalakrishnan, then heading the advisory committee of The International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK), irked controversy for introducing measures such as delegate passes being given only to those who can speak English since foreign films come with English subtitles, these changes were criticized for promoting old-world elitism and restricting the festival's appeal.[16]
In 2023, he faced criticism for defending the K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts director, Shankar Mohan, accused of violating reservation norms and discriminating based on caste and class. Gopalakrishan's statements, dismissing allegations and emphasizing Shankar Mohan's credentials, have drawn ire.[17]
The students accused Gopalakrishnan, the chairman of the film institute, of shielding the institute director and not addressing their concerns.[18]
Awards and milestones[edit | edit source]
Some of the awards and appreciation Gopalakrishnan has won for his films include:
- 2016 - On the occasion of India celebrating its 70th Independence day, news agency NDTV compiled a list called "70 Years, 70 Great Films" and Swayamvaram was among the four Malayalam films that found place in the list.[19]
- 2015 - Biswaratna Dr Bhupen Hazarika International Solidarity Award
- 2013 - Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award C. B. Kumar Endowment for Cinema yum Samskaravum (Essay)
- 2010 - Honorary Doctorate (D.Litt) from University of Kerala
- 2006 - Padma Vibhushan — Second highest civilian award from Government of India[20]
- 2004 - Dadasaheb Phalke Award — Lifetime Achievement Award in Film awarded by the Government of India[5]
- 1996 - Honorary Doctorate (D.Litt) from Mahatma Gandhi University[21]
- 1984 - Padma Shri — Fourth highest civilian award from Government of India.
- 1984 - Legion of Honour — French order, the highest decoration in France[22]
- National Film Awards — Various categories for Swayamvaram, Kodiyettam, Elippathayam, Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Mathilukal, Vidheyan, Kathapurushan, Nizhalkkuthu and Naalu Pennungal
- Kerala State Film Awards: — Various categories for Kodiyettam, Elippathayam, Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Vidheyan and Oru Pennum Randaanum
- International Film Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) — won consecutively for six feature films (Mukhamukham, Anantaram, Mathilukal, Vidheyan, Kathapurushan and Nizhalkkuthu)[23]
- London Film Festival — Sutherland Trophy — in 1982 for Elippathayam
- British Film Institute Award — Most Original Imaginative Film of 1982 — Elippathayam[24]
- Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by French Government (2003)[25]
- Lifetime achievement award at Cairo International Film Festival.
National Film Awards (Detailed):
- 1973 - Best Film - Swayamvaram
- 1973 - Best Director - Swayamvaram
- 1978 - Best Feature Film in Malayalam - Kodiyettam
- 1980 - National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Non-Feature Film) - The Chola Heritage
- 1982 - Best Feature Film in Malayalam - Elippathayam
- 1984 - Best Book on Cinema - Cinemayude Lokam
- 1985 - Best Director - Mukhamukham
- 1985 - Best Feature Film in Malayalam - Mukhamukham
- 1985 - Best Screenplay - Mukhamukham
- 1988 - Best Director - Anantharam
- 1988 - Best Screenplay - Anantharam
- 1990 - Best Director - Mathilukal
- 1990 - Best Feature Film in Malayalam - Mathilukal
- 1994 - Best Feature Film in Malayalam - Vidheyan
- 1995 - Best Film - Kathapurushan
- 2003 - Best Feature Film in Malayalam - Nizhalkkuthu
- 2008 - Best Director - Naalu Pennungal
Kerala State Film Awards (Detailed):
- 1977 - Best Film - Kodiyettam
- 1981 - Best Film - Elippathayam
- 1984 - Best Film - Mukhamukham
- 1993 - Best Film - Vidheyan
- 2008 - Best Film - Oru Pennum Randaanum
- 1977 - Best Director - Kodiyettam
- 1984 - Best Director - Mukhamukham
- 1987 - Best Director - Anantharam
- 1993 - Best Director - Vidheyan
- 2008 - Best Director - Oru Pennum Randaanum
- 1977 - Best Story - Kodiyettam
- 1993 - Best Screen Play - Vidheyan
- 2008 - Best Screen Play - Oru Pennum Randaanum
- 1982 - Best Documentary Film - Krishnanattam
- 1999 - Best Documentary Film - Kalamandalam Gopi
- 2004 - Best Book on Cinema - Cinemanubhavam
Kerala Film Critics Association Awards (Detailed):[26]
- 1984 - Best Film - Mukhamukham
- 1987 - Best Director - Anantaram
- 1989 - Best Film - Mathilukal
- 1989 - Best Director - Mathilukal
- 1993 - Best Film - Vidheyan
- 1993 - Best Director - Vidheyan
- 1995 - Best Film - Kathapurushan
- 1995 - Best Director - Kathapurushan
- 2016 - Ruby Jubilee Award
A retrospective of his films was conducted in
- Kolkata, by Seagull Foundation for the Arts and Nandan, 2009.[27]
- The Slovenian International Film Festival, 2009.[28]
- The Munich Film Museum, 2009.[29]
- The French Cinematheque, Paris, 1999.[30]
Filmography[edit | edit source]
| Year | Title | Duration | Category | Awards |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | A Great Day | 20 mins | Short fiction | |
| 1966 | A Day at Kovalam | 30 mins | Documentary | |
| 1967 | The Myth | 50 Seconds | Short fiction | Merit Certificate, Expo 67, Montreal |
| 1968 | Danger at Your Door-step | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1968 | And Man created | 8 mins | Documentary | |
| 1968 | Manntharikal (Grains of Sand) | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1969 | Towards National STD | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1969 | A Mission of Love | 30 mins | Documentary | |
| 1966 | Your Food | 60 mins | Documentary | |
| 1970 | Pratisandhi (The Impasse) | 55 mins | Docu-drama | |
| 1971 | Romance of Rubber | 30 mins | Documentary | |
| 1972 | Swayamvaram (One's Own Choice) | 125 mins | Feature film | National Awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress and Best Cinematographer. Entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.[31] |
| 1973 | Kilimanooril Oru Dasalakshadhipati (A Millionaire is Born) | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1974 | Guru Chengannur | 17 mins | Documentary | |
| 1975 | Past in Perspective | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1976 | Idukki | 60 mins | Documentary | |
| 1977 | Kodiyettam (Ascent) | 128 mins | Feature film | National Awards for Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Best Actor |
| 1978 | Four Shorts on Family Planning | 16 mins | Documentary | |
| 1979 | Yakshagana | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1980 | Chola Heritage | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1981 | Elippathayam (The Rat Trap) | 121 mins | Feature film | Sutherland Trophy at 1982 London Film Festival National Awards for Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Best Audiography |
| 1982 | Krishnanattam | 20 mins | Documentary | |
| 1984 | Mukhamukham (Face to Face) | 107 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI Prize, New Delhi, National Awards for Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Audiography |
| 1985 | Eau/Ganga (Ganges-Water) | 140 mins | Documentary | Grand Prize, Cinema du reel, Paris |
| 1987 | Anantaram (Monologue) | 125 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI Prize, Karlovy Vary. National awards for best director, best screenplay, and best audiography |
| 1990 | Mathilukal (The Walls) | 117 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI prize, Venice, UNICEF Film Prize, Venice, OCIC Prize, Amiens. National Award for best director, best actor, best regional film and best audiography |
| 1993 | Vidheyan (The Servile) | 112 mins | Feature film | Feature FIPRESCI and Special Jury Prize, Singapore. Interfilm Jury Prize, Mannheim. Netpac prize, Rotterdam. National Award for best actor and best regional film |
| 1995 | Kathapurushan (The Man of the Story) | 107 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI Prize, National award for the best film |
| 1995 | Kalamandalam Gopi | 43 mins | Documentary | |
| 2001 | Koodiyattam | 180 mins | Documentary | |
| 2002 | Nizhalkuthu | 90 mins | Feature film | FIPRESCI, Mumbai. National award for best regional film |
| 2005 | Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair | 73 mins | Documentary | |
| 2007 | Dance of the Enchantress | 72 mins | Documentary | |
| 2007 | Naalu Pennungal (Four Women) | 105 mins | Feature film | National Award for best director |
| 2008 | Oru Pennum Randaanum (A Climate for Crime) | 115 mins | Feature film | Kerala State award for best director 2009 |
| 2016 | Pinneyum (Once Again) | Feature film | ||
| 2019 | Sukhantyam (A Happy End) | Short fiction | ||
| Upcoming | Padayaatra | Feature film |
Trivia[edit | edit source]
Kaamuki (Lover) is an incomplete 1967 movie directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan and starring Madhu, Ushanandini, and Adoor Bhasi. The movie, produced by a friend from Kuwait, was dropped midway due to financial problems. The screenplay of the movie was later adapted, with some changes, as Theerangal (1978) by Rajeev Nath. Two of the four songs rendered by Yesudas in the original movie were also included in Theerangal (1978). The lyrics were by Ettumaanoor Somadasan, and the music was composed by the team of V.K. Sasidharan[32] and P.K. Sivadas.[33]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) keen to go global, train foreign actors & technicians - Times of India". The Times of India. 25 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ "Golden rigmaroles: Adoor Gopalakrishnan on the Malayalam screen". Deccan Chronicle. 31 July 2016. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ "Adoor Gopalakrishnan". IMDb. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ↑ "Adoor Gopalakrishnan | Biography, Movies, & Facts". Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Adoor selected for Phalke award". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 6 September 2005. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
- ↑ Attipetty, Peter (6 May 2013). "Milwaukee chose me: Adoor Gopalakrishnan". The American Bazaar. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ↑ "Page on Adoor Gopalakrishnan at Kerala tourism". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2008.
- ↑ A correspondent Date: 2 June 2010 Place: Mumbai (2 June 2010). "Husband-wife set to take charge as Mumbai's DCPs". Mid-day.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Crimebusters". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 23 January 2005. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
- ↑ "Face-to-Face". www.analpabooks.com. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ↑ Baruah, Parthajit (2016). Face to Face: The Cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan. HarperCollins India. ISBN 9789351361954.
- ↑ "Gaza : des cinéastes du monde entier demandent un cessez-le-feu immédiat". Libération (in français). 28 December 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ↑ Newman, Nick (29 December 2023). "Claire Denis, Ryusuke Hamaguchi, Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Christian Petzold, Apichatpong Weerasethakul & More Sign Demand for Ceasefire in Gaza". The Film Stage. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ↑ "Directors of cinema sign petition for immediate ceasefire". The Jerusalem Post. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ↑ "'Naalu Pennungal' not complex like my other films: Adoor". Yahoo India Movies. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
- ↑ Ramnath, Nandini (13 November 2014). "Adoor Gopalakrishnan stirs controversy by restricting entry at state-run film fest to viewers who know English". Scroll.in. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ↑ Shaji, Sukanya (17 January 2023). "Dear Adoor, caste did not end because you discarded your surname at age 20". The News Minute. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ↑ "Film institute row: Jeo Baby withdraws 'Freedom Fight' from Kannur festival". OnManorama. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ↑ "Happy Independence Day: 70 Years, 70 Great Films". NDTV.com. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ↑ "Adoor honoured with Padma award". Rediff.com. 21 March 2006. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
- ↑ "Mahatma Gandhi University". Government of Kerala. 5 October 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Celebrating Cinema: 5 Reasons You Should Know About this Pioneer of New Wave – The Penguin Digest". penguin.co.in. 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ "Official Website of Adoor Gopalakrishnan". Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
- ↑ "Dadasaheb Phalke awardee Adoor Gopalakrishnan completes 50 years in cinema". India Today. 17 August 2016. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ "Adoor receives French honour". The Times of India. 22 October 2003. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
- ↑ "കേരള ഫിലിം ക്രിട്ടിക്സ് അവാര്ഡ് 1977 - 2012". Kerala Film Critics Association. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ↑ "Adoor Gopalakrishnan's Retrospective in Kolkata". Sify. 9 March 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.[dead link]
- ↑ "Adoor retrospective at Slovenian festival". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 15 November 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Adoor retrospective". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Interview: Adoor". Cinema of Malayalam. Archived from the original on 19 August 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
- ↑ "8th Moscow International Film Festival (1973)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ↑ https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/Oct/07/veteran-singer-v-k-sasidharan-passes-away-2368532.html
- ↑ https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/columns/adoor-gopalakrishnan-movie-kamuki-kj-yesudas-song-1.5800325
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Gautaman Bhaskaran (2010). Adoor Gopalakrishnan: A Life in Cinema. New Delhi: Penguin Books India.
- Lalit Mohan Joshi, C. S. Venkiteswaran (2006). A Door to Adoor. London: South Asian Cinema Foundation.
- M. F. Thomas, ed. (1986). Adoorinte Lokam (in മലയാളം). Calicut, India: Mulberry.
- M. F. Thomas, ed. (2005). Adoorinte Chalachithrayathrakal (in മലയാളം). Trivandrum, India: Sign Books.
- Akbar Kakkattil (2006). Varoo, Adoorilekku Pokam (Interview with Adoor Gopalakrishnan) (in മലയാളം). Kottayam, India: DC Books.
- B. Sreeraj. Adoorinte Sarga Yathra (in മലയാളം). India.
- R. Pavithran. Kazhchayile Kana Thalangal (in മലയാളം). India.
- Gopalakrishnan, Adoor (2011). ""The Story Is Just an Excuse"" (Interview). Interviewed by Patrick McGilligan.
- Attipetty, Peter Lal (2023). Bodhadarayil Adoor [Adoor - Reminiscences] (in മലയാളം). India: Logos Books. ISBN 978-9390118823.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Official website of Adoor
- Official Website of Information and Public Relation Department of Kerala
- Adoor Gopalakrishnan on IMDb
- Adoor's oeuvre on Rediff
- Collection of photos of Adoor
- Profile of Adoor on Weblokam
- Profile at 'Cinema of Malayalam'
- 'The Road to Modern Times', Naalu Pennungal and the cinema of Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Mint Lounge 8 September 2007, by Arjun Razdan
- Adoorinte Sargaprapancham [Documentary] (in six parts). YouTube. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021.
