Pulwama

This article is about the Town in the Indian state of Kashmir. For the district of the same name, see Pulwama district.

Pulwama
Town
Pulwama
Pulwama Pulwama
Coordinates: 33.8741°N 74.9001°E / 33.8741; 74.9001
Country	India
Union Territory	Jammu and Kashmir
District	Pulwama district
<!-- Established -->	1979
Government
• Type	Municipality
• Body	Pulwama Municipal Council
• Mayor	<!-- Saroosh -->
Area <ref name=Census2011-town_pop>A-4 Towns And Urban Agglomerations Classified By Population Size Class In 2011 With Variation Since 1901. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (Report).<br />Class - IV Population of 10,000 and 19,999 (Report).</ref>
• Total	35.00 km2 (13.51 sq mi)
Elevation <ref name=fallingrain>Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Pulwama</ref>	1,652 m (5,419 ft)
Population  (2011 Census of India)<ref name=0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA>District Census Handbook Pulwama, Part B (PDF). Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. p. 102. Retrieved 21 November 2020.</ref><ref name=Census2011-town_pop/>
• Total	18,440
• Density	530/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Demonym	Pulwaemuk or Pulwam(j)
Languages
• Official	Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Dogri, English<ref name="OfficialLang">"The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 27 September 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020". Rising Kashmir. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</ref>
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
<!-- PIN -->	192301
Telephone code	+91-1933
Vehicle registration	JK13
Sex ratio	913 ♀/♂
Literacy rate	83.24%
Website	pulwama.gov.in

Pulwama (ur ; ks or ks) is a town and notified area council in the Pulwama district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.<ref name=tertiary-kashmir> The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (d), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below). <br/> (a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";<br/> (b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."; <br/> (c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947"; <br/> (d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute betw een India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China." <br/>(e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir."; <br/> (f) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962."; <br/> (g) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million. AJK has six districts: Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bagh, Kodi, Rawalakot, and Poonch. Its capital is the town of Muzaffarabad. AJK has its own institutions, but its political life is heavily controlled by Pakistani authorities, especially the military), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control." <br/> (h) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir."; <br/> (i) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3 Quote:"Some politicized terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." </ref> It is located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the summer capital of the state, Srinagar.

History

Pulwama was known as Panwangam in antiquity,<ref name="Jasbir Singh">Jasbir Singh (2004). The economy of Jammu & Kashmir. Radha Krishan Anand & Co. ISBN 9788188256099. Retrieved 2 December 2010. The original name of Pulwama was Panwangam, which comprised four local namely, Malikpora, Dangerpora, Chatapora, Dalipora.</ref> and later as Pulgam.<ref name="Parvéz Dewân">Parvéz Dewân (2004). Parvéz Dewân's Jammû, Kashmîr, and Ladâkh: Kashmîr. Manas Publications. ISBN 9788170491798. Retrieved 2 December 2010. The original name of Pulwama town(from which the district takes its name) was Panwangam. Over the centuries it got shortened to Pulgam. This in turn gradually changed to Pulwama.</ref>

Geography

With its coordinates 33.8830554°N, 74.9208705° E it is situated at an altitude of 1,500 to 2,000 meters above mean sea level.<ref name=":0">Life, Kashmir (15 September 2024). "Kashmir: Pulwama Constituency Profile". Kashmir Life. Retrieved 30 September 2024.</ref>

Climate

Average rainfall in the city is 505.3mm annually, with the highest recorded rainfall 772.30 mm in 1998.<ref name=":0" /> Temperatures reach as high as 37 °C (99 °F) and as low as −12 °C (10 °F).

Economy

With 70 per cent of its population in Agriculture sector, Pulwama has a growing industrial sector. It has some prominent industries in, cement production, wood products, and food processing.<ref name=":0" />

Educational institutions

• Govt Degree College, Pulwama<ref>"GDC Pulwama".</ref>
• Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora<ref>"Islamic University of Science & Technology".</ref>
• Govt Degree College (Women), Pulwama Archived 2 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine

• Govt. GNM Nursing College Pulwama<ref>"Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir - (J&K PARA-MEDICAL / NURSING COUNCIL)" (PDF). GMC Srinagar. 17 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</ref>

Greater Pulwama master plan

On 12 February 2021, the government of Jammu and Kashmir approved the constitution of a board for scrutinizing and evaluating objections, representations and suggestions by stakeholders concerning a draft master plan for Greater Pulwama 2020–2040.<ref>"Constitution of Board(s) for scrutinizing and evaluating objections, representations and suggestions regarding Draft Master Plans", Government of Jammu and Kashmir, General Administration Department, Civil Secretariat, Jammu, no. 142-JK(GAD) of 2021, 12 February 2021</ref>

Smart Town

Numerous Projects for Smart Town are underway. list of Projects 1. Smart Clock Tower 2. Led Displays 3. New Footpaths 4. Parking Lots 5. Parks (Children Parks) 6. Segregated House Waste 7. Central Verges 8. High Mast Lights. 9. New Tricolour LED's

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1981	7,731	—
2001	14,229	+3.10%
2011	18,440	+2.63%
Source: <ref name=Census2011-town_pop/>

Religion in Pulwama City (2011)<ref name="Pulwama City Population">"Pulwama City Population". Census India 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2021.</ref>

  Islam (94.59%)

  Hinduism (4.63%)

  Sikhism (0.34%)

  Christianity (0.17%)

  Buddhism (0.02%)

  Jainism (0.01%)

  Not Stated (0.24%)

Per the 2011 Census of India, the city of Pulwama had a population of 18,440 people, with 10,070 males and 8,370 females.<ref name=0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA/> Children aged 6 and under numbered 3,167—making up approximately 17.17% of the total population.<ref name=0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA/> The female sex ratio of the city is 831, lower than the Jammu and Kashmir state average of 889. Additionally, the child female sex ratio is around 718; also lower than the state average of 862. The literacy rate of Pulwama is 91.18%, significantly higher than the state average of 67.16%. The city is situated in the Kashmir Valley, and the majority of its inhabitants are ethnic Kashmiris.<ref name="census2011.co.in">"Pulwama Population Census 2011 - 2019". census2011.co.in. Retrieved 17 February 2019.</ref>

Religion

The majority of Pulwama's inhabitants are Muslims, comprising 94.59% of the total population, while Hindus comprise the second-largest religious minority at 4.63% of the total population. Other religious minorities in the city include Sikhs (0.34%), Christians (0.17%), Buddhists (0.02%) and Jains (0.01%); 0.24% of the population abstained from declaring their beliefs.<ref name="census2011.co.in"/>