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{{Short description|Sunni mosque in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}} | ||
{{Other uses|Moti Masjid (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Infobox religious building | {{Infobox religious building | ||
| name = Moti Masjid | | name = Moti Masjid | ||
| image = Moti Masjid,Agra.jpg | | image = Moti Masjid,Agra.jpg | ||
| image_upright = | | image_upright = 1.4 | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = The mosque [[façade]] in 2011 | ||
| map_type = India | | map_type = India Uttar Pradesh | ||
| map_size = 250px | | map_size = 250px | ||
| map_alt = | | map_alt = | ||
| map_relief = yes | | map_relief = yes | ||
| map_caption = | | map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
| coordinates = {{Coord|27|10|49 | | coordinates = {{Coord|27|10|49|N|78|01|18|E|type:landmark_region:IN-UP|display=inline,title}} | ||
| coordinates_footnotes = | | coordinates_footnotes = | ||
| religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]] | | religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]] | ||
| locale = | | locale = | ||
| location = [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | | location = [[Agra Fort]], [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
| country = [[India]] | |||
| deity = | | deity = | ||
| rite = | | rite = | ||
| Line 22: | Line 25: | ||
| tradition = | | tradition = | ||
| festival = <!-- or | festivals = --> | | festival = <!-- or | festivals = --> | ||
| administration = [[Archaeological Survey of India]] | |||
| administration = | |||
| consecration_year = | | consecration_year = | ||
| organisational_status = <!-- or | organizational_status = --> | | organisational_status = [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]]<!-- or | organizational_status = --> | ||
| | | functional_status = Active{{clarify|date=March 2025|reason=Is it functioning as a mosque; or is it a monument, only?}} | ||
| heritage_designation = | | heritage_designation = | ||
| ownership = | | ownership = | ||
| Line 37: | Line 38: | ||
| religious_features = | | religious_features = | ||
| architect = | | architect = | ||
| architecture_type = [[ | | architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}} | ||
| architecture_style = | | architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]}[[Mughal architecture|Mughal]]}} | ||
| founded_by | | founded_by = [[Shah Jahan]] | ||
| creator = | |||
| funded_by = | | funded_by = | ||
| general_contractor = | | general_contractor = | ||
| established = | | established = | ||
| groundbreaking = | | groundbreaking = | ||
| year_completed =1653 | | year_completed = 1653 [[Common Era|CE]] | ||
| construction_cost =2 lakhs 60 thousand rupees{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} | | construction_cost = 2 lakhs 60 thousand rupees{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} | ||
| date_demolished = <!-- or | date_destroyed = --> | | date_demolished = <!-- or | date_destroyed = --> | ||
| facade_direction = | | facade_direction = | ||
| capacity = | | capacity = | ||
| length =71.4 m<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Moti Masjid | | length = {{cvt|71.4|m}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Moti Masjid | ||
|url=https://archnet.org/sites/1558|access-date=2021-07-26|website=Archnet}}</ref> | |url=https://archnet.org/sites/1558|access-date=2021-07-26|website=Archnet}}</ref> | ||
| width =57.2 m<ref name=":0" /> | | width = {{cvt|57.2|m}}<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| width_nave = | | width_nave = | ||
| interior_area = | | interior_area = | ||
| height_max = | | height_max = | ||
| dome_quantity = | | dome_quantity = Three {{small|(maybe more)}} | ||
| dome_height_outer = | | dome_height_outer = | ||
| dome_height_inner = | | dome_height_inner = | ||
| Line 70: | Line 71: | ||
| shrine_quantity = | | shrine_quantity = | ||
| inscriptions = | | inscriptions = | ||
| materials = | | materials = [[Marble]] | ||
| elevation_m = <!-- or | elevation_ft = --> | | elevation_m = <!-- or | elevation_ft = --> | ||
| elevation_footnotes = | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| Line 79: | Line 80: | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
| website = | | website = | ||
| module = {{Infobox historic site | |||
| embed = yes | |||
| designation2 = MANI | designation2_offname = Agra Fort: Moti Masjid<br/>or Pearl Mosque | designation2_type = | designation2_criteria = | designation2_date = | delisted2_date = | designation1_partof = [[Agra Fort]] | designation2_number = N-UP-A1-s | designation2_free1name = | designation2_free1value = | designation2_free2name = | designation2_free2value = | designation2_free3name = | designation2_free3value = | |||
| embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | |||
| child = yes | |||
| Official_name = [[Agra Fort]] | |||
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(iii)}}(iii) | |||
| ID = 251 | |||
| coordinates = | |||
| year = 1984 | |||
| embedded = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=220|frame-align=center|zoom=13|type=point|marker=landmark|stroke-width=2|plain=yes|frame-latitude=27.179542|frame-longitude=78.021101}} Location of the mosque in [[Agra Fort]] | |||
}} }} | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Moti Masjid''' ({{Literal translation|Pearl Mosque}}) is a | The '''Moti Masjid''' ({{Literal translation|Pearl Mosque}}) is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]], situated in the [[Agra Fort]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], located in [[Agra]], in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. Built in the 17th-century by [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]], the mosque is made entirely of white [[marble]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Asher |first=Catherine B. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281 |title=Architecture of Mughal India |date=1992-09-24 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-26728-1 |pages=187–189 |doi=10.1017/chol9780521267281 }}</ref> | ||
The mosque is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]], administered by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_agra.asp |title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Agra |date= |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |access-date=2016-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180402/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_agra.asp |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
[[File:Front of the Motee Musjid dli A136 cor.jpg|left|thumb|245x245px|Samuel Bourne, "[https://library.nga.gov/permalink/01NGA_INST/1cl1g8d/alma991734193504896 Front of the Motee Musjid, Agra, 1220]," 1863-1869, photograph mounted on cardboard sheet, [https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections.html Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC | [[File:Front of the Motee Musjid dli A136 cor.jpg|left|thumb|245x245px|Samuel Bourne, "[https://library.nga.gov/permalink/01NGA_INST/1cl1g8d/alma991734193504896 Front of the Motee Musjid, Agra, 1220]," 1863-1869, photograph mounted on cardboard sheet, [https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections.html Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library], Washington, DC]] | ||
The Agra Fort's modern appearance is largely owed to Shah Jahan, who dismantled several structures within the Agra Fort to add his own in marble. The Moti Masjid was one such structure. The mosque was constructed in the period 1646-1653, which was notably later than all of his other Agra Fort contributions (these were commenced in 1627, his first regnal year, and completed in 1638). The mosque's completion in 1653 was five years after the Mughal residence had shifted to [[Shahjahanabad]]. When Shah Jahan visited the mosque upon its completion, he was so impressed with the structure that he returned two years later to show two of his sons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=182}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Alfieri|first=Bianca Maria|title=Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|publisher=Lawrence King Publishing|year=2000|isbn=9781856691895|pages= | The Agra Fort's modern appearance is largely owed to Shah Jahan, who dismantled several structures within the Agra Fort to add his own in marble. The Moti Masjid was one such structure. The mosque was constructed in the period 1646-1653, which was notably later than all of his other Agra Fort contributions (these were commenced in 1627, his first regnal year, and completed in 1638). The mosque's completion in 1653 was five years after the Mughal residence had shifted to [[Shahjahanabad]]. When Shah Jahan visited the mosque upon its completion, he was so impressed with the structure that he returned two years later to show two of his sons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine B.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521267281|title=Architecture of Mughal India|date=1992-09-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|pages=182|doi=10.1017/chol9780521267281 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Alfieri|first=Bianca Maria|title=Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|publisher=Lawrence King Publishing|year=2000|isbn=9781856691895|pages=242–244}}</ref> | ||
==Architecture== | ==Architecture== | ||
| Line 98: | Line 113: | ||
== Gallery == | == Gallery == | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Moti Masjid Agra Fort India plan.jpg|Architectural plan | |||
Моти Масджид.jpg|19th-century painting of the mosque by [[Vasily Vereshchagin]] | |||
Agra-26-Rotes Fort-Perlenmoschee-1976-gje.jpg|[[Façade]] of the mosque | |||
</gallery> | Moti mazjid.jpg|The mosque at night, in 2013</gallery> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[ | {{stack|{{portal|Islam|India}}}} | ||
*[[ | * [[Sunni Islam in India]] | ||
* [[List of mosques in India]] | |||
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 115: | Line 133: | ||
{{Tourist attractions in Agra}} | {{Tourist attractions in Agra}} | ||
{{Agra Division topics}} | {{Agra Division topics}} | ||
{{Mosques in India}} | |||
[[Category:17th-century mosques in India]] | |||
[[Category:Agra Fort]] | [[Category:Agra Fort]] | ||
[[Category:Grand mosques]] | [[Category:Grand mosques]] | ||
[[Category:Marble buildings]] | [[Category:Marble buildings]] | ||
[[Category:Mosques completed in 1653]] | [[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Mosque buildings with spires]] | ||
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]] | |||
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1650s]] | |||
[[Category:Mosques in Agra]] | |||
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1653]] | |||
[[Category:Stone buildings in India]] | |||
[[Category:Sunni mosques in India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 04:34, 15 March 2025
| Moti Masjid | |
|---|---|
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Sunni Islam |
| Friday mosque | |
| Status | Active[clarification needed] |
| Location | |
| Location | Agra Fort, Agra, Uttar Pradesh |
| Country | India |
Location of the mosque in Uttar Pradesh | |
| Administration | Archaeological Survey of India |
| Coordinates | 27°10′49″N 78°01′18″E / 27.18028°N 78.02167°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Mosque architecture |
| Style | |
| Founder | Shah Jahan |
| Completed | 1653 CE |
Construction cost | 2 lakhs 60 thousand rupees[citation needed] |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 71.4 m (234 ft)[1] |
| Width | 57.2 m (188 ft)[1] |
| Dome | Three (maybe more) |
| Materials | Marble |
| Template:Infobox designation list/entry | |
| Official name | Agra Fort |
| Criteria | Cultural: (iii) |
| Reference | 251 |
| Inscription | 1984 (8th session) |
| Location of the mosque in Agra Fort | |
The Moti Masjid (lit. 'Pearl Mosque') is a Sunni Friday mosque, situated in the Agra Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located in Agra, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Built in the 17th-century by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, the mosque is made entirely of white marble.[2]
The mosque is a Monument of National Importance, administered by the Archaeological Survey of India.[3]
History[edit | edit source]
The Agra Fort's modern appearance is largely owed to Shah Jahan, who dismantled several structures within the Agra Fort to add his own in marble. The Moti Masjid was one such structure. The mosque was constructed in the period 1646-1653, which was notably later than all of his other Agra Fort contributions (these were commenced in 1627, his first regnal year, and completed in 1638). The mosque's completion in 1653 was five years after the Mughal residence had shifted to Shahjahanabad. When Shah Jahan visited the mosque upon its completion, he was so impressed with the structure that he returned two years later to show two of his sons.[4][5]
Architecture[edit | edit source]
The mosque complex, built on a high plinth, is a walled enclosure situated to the north of the fort's courtyard. It lies on an east-west axis, and faces the Yamuna river. The outside of the walls is clad in red sandstone, while the inside bears marble. A high entryway is situated in the centre of each wall; the eastern one serves as the main entrance.[1][5]
Inside the enclosure walls is a nearly-square courtyard, lined by arcades on the north, south, and eastern edges. An ablution pool lies in the centre of the courtyard.[1]
On the western edge lies the main prayer hall itself, a multi-bayed aisle structure supported by twelve-sided piers. The façade of the hall bears seven entryways, while the roof features three domes and several chhatri. The front of the hall is shaded by a deep chhajja (eave), under which are Persian inscriptions in black marble. The inscriptions employ complex imagery to glorify Shah Jahan and the Moti Masjid. The interior of the prayer hall does not bear much decoration; Asher notes that the use of undecorated marble is typical of Shah Jahan's private religious architecture.[2][5][1]
The Moti Masjid displays much influence from an earlier marble congregational mosque, constructed by Shah Jahan at the Ajmer Sharif Dargah.[2][5]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
-
Architectural plan -
19th-century painting of the mosque by Vasily Vereshchagin -
Façade of the mosque -
The mosque at night, in 2013
See also[edit | edit source]
- Sunni Islam in India
- List of mosques in India
- List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Moti Masjid". Archnet. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Asher, Catherine B. (24 September 1992). Architecture of Mughal India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–189. doi:10.1017/chol9780521267281. ISBN 978-0-521-26728-1.
- ↑ "List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Agra". Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ↑ Asher, Catherine B. (24 September 1992). Architecture of Mughal India. Cambridge University Press. p. 182. doi:10.1017/chol9780521267281. ISBN 978-0-521-26728-1.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Alfieri, Bianca Maria (2000). Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. Lawrence King Publishing. pp. 242–244. ISBN 9781856691895.
External links[edit | edit source]
Tourist attractions in and near Agra | ||
|---|---|---|
| World Heritage Sites |  | |
| Mughal architecture | ||
| Mosques | ||
| Other religious places | ||
| Shopping | ||
| Gardens | ||
| Wildlife sanctuaries | ||
| Fairs | ||