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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                  = Barabanki district
| name                  = Barabanki district
| settlement_type        = [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|District of Uttar Pradesh]]
| settlement_type        = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| total_type            = Total
| total_type            = Total
| native_name            =
| native_name            =
| image_skyline          = Building of Tehsildar of Nagar Parishad Nawabganj Barabanki.jpg
| image_caption          = Nagar palika building in [[Barabanki]]
| image_map              = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Barabanki.svg
| image_map              = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Barabanki.svg
| map_caption            = Location of Barabanki district in Uttar Pradesh
| map_caption            = Location of Barabanki district in Uttar Pradesh
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| subdivision_name1      = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Faizabad division]] (now Ayodhya division)
| subdivision_name2      = [[Ayodhya division|Ayodhya]]
| established_title      = Established
| established_title      = Established
| established_date      =
| established_date      =
| seat_type              = Headquarters
| seat_type              = Headquarters
| seat                  = [[Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh]]
| seat                  = [[Barabanki]]
| parts_type            = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_type            = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style            = para
| parts_style            = para
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# '''[[Ram Sanehi Ghat]]'''
# '''[[Ram Sanehi Ghat]]'''
# '''[[Haidergarh]]'''
# '''[[Haidergarh]]'''
# '''[[Ram Nagar]]'''
# '''[[Ramnagar, Barabanki|Ram Nagar]]'''
# '''[[Sirauli Ghauspur]]'''
# '''[[Sirauli Ghauspur]]'''
| area_total_km2        = 3891.5
| area_total_km2        = 3891.5
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| population_total      = 3,260,699
| population_total      = 3,260,699
| population_footnotes  =
| population_footnotes  =
| population_urban      = 330,803
| population_urban      = 330803
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1    = Demographics
| demographics_type1    = Demographics
| demographics1_title1  = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_title1  = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1    = 78.7%
| demographics1_info1    = 61.75%<ref name=districtcensus/>
| demographics1_title2  = Sex ratio
| demographics1_title2  = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2    = 910
| demographics1_info2    = 910
| leader_title          = [[District collector]]
| leader_title          = [[District collector]]
| leader_name            = Adarsh Singh IAS
| leader_name            = Shashank Tripathi, IAS
| leader_title1          = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_title1          = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1          = [[Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| leader_name1          = [[Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| leader_title2          = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_title2          = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2          = [[Barabanki (Assembly constituency)]]
| leader_name2          = {{olist|[[Barabanki Assembly constituency|Barabanki]]|[[Kursi Assembly constituency|Kursi]]|[[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ram Nagar]]|[[Zaidpur Assembly constituency|Zaidpur]]|[[Dariyabad Assembly constituency|Dariyabad]]|[[Haidergarh Assembly constituency|Haidergarh]]}}
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1            = +05:30
| utc_offset1            = +05:30
| registration_plate    = UP-41
| registration_plate    = UP-41
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1        = [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH 27]], [[NH 28B]]
| blank_info_sec1        = [[National Highway 27 (India)|NH 27]], [[National Highway 727H (India)|NH 727H]], [[National Highway 927 (India)|NH927]], [[National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)|NH28]]
| blank_name_sec2        = Average annual precipitation
| blank_name_sec2        = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2        = 1050 mm
| blank_info_sec2        = 1050 mm
| website                = {{URL|http://barabanki.nic.in/}}
| website                = {{URL|http://barabanki.nic.in/}}
}}
}}
'''Barabanki district''' is one of the five [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|districts]] of [[Faizabad]] division (officially Ayodhya division), in the central [[Awadh]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Barabanki city is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district. Total area of Barabanki district is 3891.5 Sq. Km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} Land of Dewa and Mahadeva {{!}} India|url=https://barabanki.nic.in/|access-date=8 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>
'''Barabanki district''' is one of the five [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|districts]] of [[Ayodhya division]] in the central [[Awadh]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. [[Barabanki]] city is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district. Total area of Barabanki district is 3891.5 Sq.&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} Land of Dewa and Mahadeva {{!}} India|url=https://barabanki.nic.in/|access-date=8 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> It borders seven other districts of Uttar Pradesh. With its most northern point it shares borders with the [[Sitapur district]], while its north-eastern boundary is defined by the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of [[Bahraich district]] and [[Gonda district]]. Its eastern border is shared with [[Ayodhya district]], and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the [[Amethi district]]. On the west, it adjoins the [[Lucknow district]].


It has a population of 2,673,581, with a population density of {{convert|686.50| /km2}}.
It has a population of 2,673,581, with a population density of {{convert|686.50| /km2}}.


Barabanki district is situated between 27°19′ and 26°30′ north latitude, and 80°05′ and 81°51′ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of the [[Ghaghara]] and [[Gomti]]. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at {{convert|57|mi|order=flip|abbr=on}}, and the extreme breadth at {{cvt|58|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}}; the total area is about {{cvt|1504|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}}. It borders seven other districts of Uttar Pradesh. With its most northern point it shares borders with the [[Sitapur district]], while its north-eastern boundary is defined by the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of [[Bahraich district]] and [[Gonda district]]. Its eastern border is shared with [[Faizabad district]], and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the [[Amethi district]]. On the west, it adjoins the [[Lucknow district]].
Barabanki district is situated between 27°19′ and 26°30′ north latitude, and 80°05′ and 81°51′ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of the [[Ghaghara]] and [[Gomti]]. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at {{convert|57|mi|order=flip|abbr=on}}, and the extreme breadth at {{cvt|58|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}}; the total area is about {{cvt|1504|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}}.


In 1856, the district came, with the rest of [[Oudh State]], under [[British Raj|British rule]]. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], the whole of the Barabanki [[Taluqdar|talukdars]] joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance following the capture of [[Lucknow]].<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the province of Oudh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255|series=BARA BANKI DISTRICT ARTICLE #226-263|year=1877|page=255}}</ref><ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bara Banki |volume=3|page=379}}</ref>
In 1856, the district came, with the rest of [[Oudh State]], under [[British Raj|British rule]]. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], the whole of the Barabanki [[Taluqdar|talukdars]] joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance following the capture of [[Lucknow]].<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the province of Oudh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255|series=BARA BANKI DISTRICT ARTICLE #226-263|year=1877|page=255}}</ref><ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bara Banki |volume=3|page=379}}</ref>
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Barabanki district stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous lakes and marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clay and produces finer crops.<ref name="EB1911"/> The district is fed by the rivers [[Ghaghra]] (forming the northern boundary), [[Gomti]] (flowing through the middle of the district), Kalyani and Rait and their tributaries, for the major part of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geography {{!}} District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://barabanki.nic.in/about-district/geography/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=barabanki.nic.in/}}</ref> Some rivers [[wadi|dry out]] in the summer, and become flooded during the rainy season. The changing course of the river Ghagra alters the land area of the district.
Barabanki district stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous lakes and marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clay and produces finer crops.<ref name="EB1911"/> The district is fed by the rivers [[Ghaghra]] (forming the northern boundary), [[Gomti]] (flowing through the middle of the district), Kalyani and Rait and their tributaries, for the major part of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geography {{!}} District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://barabanki.nic.in/about-district/geography/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=barabanki.nic.in/}}</ref> Some rivers [[wadi|dry out]] in the summer, and become flooded during the rainy season. The changing course of the river Ghagra alters the land area of the district.


The principal crops are rice, wheat, pulse and other food grains and sugarcane.<ref name="EB1911"/> Both of the bordering rivers of Barabanki are navigable. The district is traversed by two lines of the Northern Railway and North-Eastern Railway, with branches having total length of {{convert|131|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm |title=District Statistics |publisher=Barabanki.nic.in |date=1 April 1954 |access-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930012022/http://barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm |archive-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The district roadways include connections to [[National Highway 28 (India)|National Highway 28]], state highways and various link roads.
The principal crops are rice, wheat, potato, pulse and other food grains and sugarcane.<ref name="EB1911"/> Both of the bordering rivers of Barabanki are navigable. The district is traversed by two lines of the Northern Railway and North-Eastern Railway, with branches having total length of {{convert|131|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm |title=District Statistics |publisher=Barabanki.nic.in |date=1 April 1954 |access-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930012022/http://barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm |archive-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The district roadways include connections to [[National Highway 28 (India)|National Highway 28]], state highways and various link roads.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
[[File:Barabanki Ghantaghar.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Clock Arch]]
[[File:Barabanki Ghantaghar.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Clock Arch]]


The area was once known as Jasnaul, from ''Jas'', a Raja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it before 1000&nbsp;AD. Following the [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Muslim conquest]], the lands were divided into twelve, with the new owners quarrelling so incessantly that they were called the ''Barah Banke'', or twelve quarrelsome men. ''Banka'', in [[Awadhi]], meaning a bully or brave. Others derive the name from ''ban'', meaning wood or jungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
The area was once known as Jasnaul, from ''Jas'', a Raja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it before 1000&nbsp;AD. Following the [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Muslim conquest]], the lands were divided into twelve, with the new owners quarrelling so incessantly that they were called the ''Barah Banke'', or twelve quarrelsome men. ''Banka'', in [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], means a bully or brave. Others derive the name from ''ban'', meaning wood or jungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />


==History==
==History==
The current Barabanki district was first established by the British upon their annexation of [[Oudh State]] in 1856.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Bara Banki: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVIII Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1903 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=125–8, 162–3 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113235 |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> Originally, the district was known as '''Daryabad district''' because its headquarters were at [[Dariyabad, Barabanki|Daryabad]], but in 1859 they were relocated to Barabanki.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The name "Barabanki" was chosen for the district's official name over "[[Nawabganj, Barabanki|Nawabganj]]", then the more common name of the town, for two reasons: first, to avoid any possible confusion with other places calleed Nawabganj, and second, because the civil station was technically located outside of Nawabganj in the small revenue village of Barabanki.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Previously, under the [[Nawabs of Awadh]], the area that would become Barabanki district was divided between five [[Chakla (administrative unit)|chakla]]s: Daryabad-Rudauli, Ramnagar, Dewa-Jahangirabad, Jagdispur, and Haidargarh.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>
The current Barabanki district was first established by the British upon their annexation of [[Oudh State]] in 1856.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Bara Banki: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVIII Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1903 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=125–8, 162–3 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113235 |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> Originally, the district was known as '''Daryabad district''' because its headquarters were at [[Dariyabad, Barabanki|Daryabad]], but in 1859 they were relocated to Barabanki.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The name "Barabanki" was chosen for the district's official name over "[[Nawabganj, Barabanki|Nawabganj]]", then the more common name of the town, for two reasons: first, to avoid any possible confusion with other places called Nawabganj, and second, because the civil station was technically located outside of Nawabganj in the small revenue village of Barabanki.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Previously, under the [[Nawabs of Awadh]], the area that would become Barabanki district was divided between five [[Chakla (administrative unit)|chakla]]s: Daryabad-Rudauli, Ramnagar, Dewa-[[Jahangirabad Raj]], Jagdispur, and Haidargarh.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>


===Early history and legends===
===Early history and legends===
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===Medieval India===
===Medieval India===
[[File:Muharram (Ta'ziya) procession Barabanki India (Jan 2009).jpg|thumb|right|Indian [[Shia]] [[Muslim]]s take out a [[Ta'zieh|Ta'ziya]] procession on [[day of Ashura]] in Barabanki, [[India]], Jan 2009.]]
[[File:Muharram (Ta'ziya) procession Barabanki India (Jan 2009).jpg|thumb|right|Indian [[Shia]] [[Muslim]]s take out a [[tazia]] procession on [[day of Ashura]] in Barabanki, [[India]], Jan 2009.]]


Muslim Infiltration was first tried in what is now the district at Satrikh, in 1030&nbsp;AD (421&nbsp;[[Hijri year|AH]]).<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> The Muslim conquest saw Sihali attacked and its Hindu sovereign killed, ].<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> Bhar-Pasi chief Raja Sohil Deo (or Sohel Dal) of Sahet-Mahet and Rathor monarch Sri Chandradeo of Kannauj fought a battle in Satrikh village of the district and drove out the Foreign Muslim Army in the Battle of Bahraich.<ref name="Henry"/>
Muslim Infiltration was first tried in what is now the district at Satrikh, in 1030&nbsp;AD (421&nbsp;[[Hijri year|AH]]).<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> The Muslim conquest saw Sihali attacked and its Hindu sovereign killed.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> Bhar chief Raja Sohil Deo (or Sohel Dal) of Sahet-Mahet and Rathor monarch Sri Chandradeo of Kannauj fought a battle in Satrikh village of the district and drove out the Foreign Muslim Army in the Battle of Bahraich.<ref name="Henry"/>


In 1049 AD (441 AH), the kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were again attacked but the foreigners were defeated and driven away from [[Oudh State|Oudh]]. The Muslim invasion was not successful in Bara Banki as elsewhere.  
In 1049 AD (441 AH), the kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were again attacked but the foreigners were defeated and driven away from [[Oudh State|Oudh]]. The Muslim invasion was not successful in Bara Banki as elsewhere.  
After, Tarain 1192, Moslems again attacked this region and Ayodhya but were not very successful till the reign of Khiljis and Firoz Tuglaq.The foreigners followed a policy of religious persecution and conversions. They also settled many foreigners and gave them fertile tracts in Ramnagar,Daryabad, Zaidpur, Rudauli areas.
After, Tarain 1192, Moslems again attacked this region and Ayodhya but were not very successful till the reign of Khiljis and Firoz Tuglaq.The foreigners followed a policy of religious persecution and conversions. They also settled many foreigners and gave them fertile tracts in Ramnagar, Daryabad, Zaidpur, Rudauli areas.{{cn|date=February 2024}}


From 1350 to about 1750 AD, Muslim immigrants settled in great number in the district.<ref name="Henry"/> The Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh.<ref name="GeoBI">{{cite book|author=George Smith|title=The Geography of British India, Political & Physical|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C20DAAAAQAAJ|year=1882|publisher=John Murray|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C20DAAAAQAAJ/page/n225 185]}}</ref>
From 1350 to about 1750 AD, Muslim immigrants settled in great number in the district.<ref name="Henry"/> The Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh.<ref name="GeoBI">{{cite book|author=George Smith|title=The Geography of British India, Political & Physical|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C20DAAAAQAAJ|year=1882|publisher=John Murray|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C20DAAAAQAAJ/page/n225 185]}}</ref>


Rudauli was occupied {{circa|700 AH}}, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had destroyed nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350&nbsp;AD. Daryabad was founded about 1444&nbsp;AD by Dariab Khan Subahdar and his brother Fateh Khan colonized. Fatehpur. The villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied and became large estates until about the middle of the fifteenth century.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
Rudauli was occupied {{circa|700 AH}}, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had destroyed nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350&nbsp;AD. Daryabad was founded about 1444&nbsp;AD by Dariab Khan Subahdar and his brother Fateh Khan colonised. Fatehpur. The villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied and became large estates until about the middle of the fifteenth century.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />


Simultaneously, however, with this latter immigration of the Muslims, there was one of Chhattris. The mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450&nbsp;AD. Singh had large properties, with a possible capital at Bado Sarai on the old bank of the Ghagra.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
Simultaneously, however, with this latter immigration of the Muslims, there was one of Chhattris. The mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450&nbsp;AD. Singh had large properties, with a possible capital at Bado Sarai on the old bank of the Ghagra.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
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===Mughal era (1526–1732)===
===Mughal era (1526–1732)===
During [[Akbar]]'s reign, the district was divided under the [[Sarkar (country subdivision)|sirkars]] of Oudh, Lucknow and Manikpur.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010421061033/http://www.barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 April 2001 |title=barabanki.nic.in, History, ORIGIN OF NAME OF DISTRICT |publisher=Barabanki.nic.in |access-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref> [[Ain-i-Akbari]] mentions the following ''[[pargana]]s'' (administrative units) during the reign of the Akbar:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oudh (India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3MoAAAAYAAJ&q=Pachhimrath&pg=PA34|title=Gazetteer of the Province of Oudh ...: N-Z|date=1878|publisher=Printed at the Oudh Government Press|language=en}}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}}
During [[Akbar]]'s reign, the district was divided under the [[Sarkar (administrative division)|sirkars]] of Oudh, Lucknow and Manikpur.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010421061033/http://www.barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 April 2001 |title=barabanki.nic.in, History, ORIGIN OF NAME OF DISTRICT |publisher=Barabanki.nic.in |access-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref> [[Ain-i-Akbari]] mentions the following ''[[pargana]]s'' (administrative units) during the reign of the Akbar:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oudh (India)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3MoAAAAYAAJ&q=Pachhimrath&pg=PA34|title=Gazetteer of the Province of Oudh ...: N-Z|date=1878|publisher=Printed at the Oudh Government Press|language=en}}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}}
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* Sailuk (now Ramnagar and Muhammadpur)
* Sailuk (now Ramnagar and Muhammadpur)
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There were a total forty-three ''[[tehsil|taluqa]]''. The principal chiefs of Bara Banki during the last years of Nawabi were:<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
There were a total forty-three ''[[tehsil|taluqa]]''. The principal chiefs of Bara Banki during the last years of Nawabi were:<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
* Taluqa of [[Jahangirabad Raj]] – The taluqdar was a Qidwai, [[Raja Farzand Ali Khan]]. He inherited the property through marriage to the daughter of [[Raja Razzak Baksh Khan]]. Farzand Ali Khan was the inspector in charge of the Sikandarbagh at Lucknow. On one occasion of the last king of Awadh visiting the garden, he was struck with the appearance of this young man, and presenting him with a '''khilat''', directed him to attend at the palace., With such a signal mark of the royal favour, Farzand Ali Khan's advancement was rapid, and, under the interest of the influential eunuch, Bashir-ud-daula, he obtained a farman designating him the [[Raja of Jahangirabad]]. This taluqdar followed the deposed king to Calcutta and was there during the mutinies. Raja Farzand Ali Khan was very intelligent and well able to manage his estate with prudence and circumspection., he was the son of [[Raja Lutf Ali Khan]] of Maila Raiganj, [[Nawabganj, Barabanki]].
* Taluqa of Ramnagar – The large property of 253 villages belonged to Raja Sarabjit Singh. The raja was the head of the Raikwar clan, which immigrated to Oudh from the hill country of Kashmir {{circa|1400}}.
* Taluqa of Ramnagar – The large property of 253 villages belonged to Raja Sarabjit Singh. The raja was the head of the Raikwar clan, which immigrated to Oudh from the hill country of Kashmir {{circa|1400}}.
* Taluqa of Haraha – Owned by Raja Narindr Bahadur, the head of the Surajbans Thakurs. He was the son of Raja Chbatarpat Singh, and both were afflicted with mental incapacity. The estate consisted of sixty-six villages and paid a revenue of {{INR|55,000}}. Certain members of the Raja's family held the estates of Ranimau Qiampur in a separate ''qubuliat''{{clarify|date=July 2020}} in the Nawabi, and thus escaped being placed under the taluqdar's sanad.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}
* Taluqa of Haraha – Owned by Raja Narindr Bahadur, the head of the Surajbans Thakurs. He was the son of Raja Chbatarpat Singh, and both were afflicted with mental incapacity. The estate consisted of sixty-six villages and paid a revenue of {{INR|55,000}}. Certain members of the Raja's family held the estates of Ranimau Qiampur in a separate ''qubuliat''{{clarify|date=July 2020}} in the Nawabi, and thus escaped being placed under the taluqdar's sanad.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}
* Taluqa of Surajpur – This estate comprised fifty-six villages. The proprietor was Udatt Partab Singh, the head of [[Bahrelia]]. He was mentally and physically unfit to manage his estate, but so long as his maternal grandfather, Udatt Narain, lived there was no fear of under-proprietors, tenants or patwaris defrauding the family.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* Taluqa of Surajpur – This estate comprised fifty-six villages. The proprietor was Udatt Partab Singh, the head of [[Bahrelia]]. He was mentally and physically unfit to manage his estate, but so long as his maternal grandfather, Udatt Narain, lived there was no fear of under-proprietors, tenants or patwaris defrauding the family.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* Taluqa of Jahangirabad – The taluqdar was a Qidwai Sheikh, Raja Farzand Ali Khan. He inherited the property through marriage to the daughter of Raja Razzaq Bakhsh.
* The late Raja Singji was a formidable and violent landholder until he was attacked by Maharaja Man Singh with Captain Orr of the British company's frontier police. They killed almost 70 of his inmate robbers. He was captured and taken prisoner to Lucknow, where he died in jail. Many of his inmate robbers escaped and migrated to neighbouring districts. It was mainly owing to the bad example set by Singji that the Daryabad district was so turbulent under the native government, that amils and chaklas were to use a native expression unable to breathe in it (''Nak Mein Dam Karta Tha'').{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}}
* The late Raja Singji was a formidable and violent landholder until he was attacked by Maharaja Man Singh with Captain Orr of the British company's frontier police. They killed almost 70 of his inmate robbers. He was captured and taken prisoner to Lucknow, where he died in jail. Many of his inmate robbers escaped and migrated to neighbouring districts. It was mainly owing to the bad example set by Singji that the Daryabad district was so turbulent under the native government, that amils and chakladars were to use a native expression unable to breathe in it (''Nak Mein Dam Karta Tha'').{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}}
* Farzand Ali was the inspector in charge of the Sikandarbagh at Lucknow. On one occasion of the last king of Oudh visiting the garden, he was struck with the appearance of this young man, and presenting him with a ''khilat'', directed him to attend at the palace.{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}} With such a signal mark of the royal favour, Farzand Ali's advancement was rapid, and, under the interest of the influential eunuch, Bashir-ud-daula, he obtained a farman designating him the Raja of Jahangirabad. This taluqdar followed the deposed king to Calcutta and was there during the mutinies. Raja Farzand Ali was very intelligent and well able to manage his estate with prudence and circumspection.
* Taluqa of Barai – Chaudhri Ghulam Farid, a Siddiqi Shekh, was the largest landholder of the Rudauli ''tahsil''. He owned thirty-nine villages. In the settlement at annexation, he gave half of the estate to the children of his cousin, Mumtaz Ahmad.
* Taluqa of Barai – Chaudhri Ghulam Farid, a Siddiqi Shekh, was the largest landholder of the Rudauli ''tahsil''. He owned thirty-nine villages. In the settlement at annexation, he gave half of the estate to the children of his cousin, Mumtaz Ahmad.
* Taluqas of Rudauli and ''parganas'' of Bhitauli, Daryabad and Surajpur were other important settlements.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
* Taluqas of Rudauli and ''parganas'' of Bhitauli, Daryabad and Surajpur were other important settlements.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
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===British Raj (1858–1947)===
===British Raj (1858–1947)===
{{overly detailed|section|date=July 2020|This is of very little interest and should be summarized here, with possible other notes under administration.}}
{{overly detailed|section|date=July 2020|This is of very little interest and should be summarised here, with possible other notes under administration.}}
The Sadr station (district headquarters) was placed at annexation and also after the mutinies at Daryabad. However, due to the stagnation of water in the immediate vicinity of the town, and to the prevalence of fever, the headquarters was moved in 1859 to Nawabganj, Bara Banki.<ref name="SettlementRptBbk1871">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rPGUcqr_aTEC&pg=RA1-PA28&dq=%22Bara+Banki%22&hl=en&ei=JQnYTKS7F4Kdlgfb0pCQAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Bara%20Banki&f=false Report of the regular settlement of the Bara Banki district] By Francis Edward A. Chamier, Settlement Officer, Bara Banki, 18 January 1871 {{PD-notice}}</ref>
The Sadr station (district headquarters) was placed at annexation and also after the mutinies at Daryabad. However, due to the stagnation of water in the immediate vicinity of the town, and to the prevalence of fever, the headquarters was moved in 1859 to Nawabganj, Bara Banki.<ref name="SettlementRptBbk1871">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rPGUcqr_aTEC&q=Bara+Banki&pg=RA1-PA28 Report of the regular settlement of the Bara Banki district] By Francis Edward A. Chamier, Settlement Officer, Bara Banki, 18 January 1871 {{PD-notice}}</ref>


During 1869 census of Oudh, thirteen large towns or ''kasbahs'' were identified in the district:<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_4IAAAAQAAJ&q=kintoor&pg=RA1-PR5 |title=The report on the census of OUDH], Volume II, Appendices and Statistical Tables |chapter=Appendix B |page=v |first1= J. Charles |last1=Williams |publisher=Oudh Government Press |date=1869}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
During 1869 census of Oudh, thirteen large towns or ''kasbahs'' were identified in the district:<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_4IAAAAQAAJ&q=kintoor&pg=RA1-PR5 |title=The report on the census of OUDH], Volume II, Appendices and Statistical Tables |chapter=Appendix B |page=v |first1= J. Charles |last1=Williams |publisher=Oudh Government Press |date=1869}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
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|- valign=top
|- valign=top
! sq miles
! sq miles
! sq km
! km<sup>2</sup>
! acres
! acres
|-
|-
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|- valign=top
|- valign=top
! sq miles
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! sq km
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|- valign=top
|- valign=top
| Usmanpur
| Usmanpur
| Thakur Ibrahim Khan
| Thakur Roushan Zama Khan
| align=center | 25
| align=center | 25
|  {{convert|7,325|acre|sqmi km2|1|order=flip|disp=table}}
|  {{convert|7,325|acre|sqmi km2|1|order=flip|disp=table}}
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|}
|}


In 1877, Barabanki was one of the three districts of the then Lucknow division.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ON_NTrHBs80C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q=Barabanki&f=false] The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs By Henry Crossley Irwin, No. 23 {{PD-notice}}</ref> Its area was {{convert|1768|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}} and population was 1,113,430.
In 1877, Barabanki was one of the three districts of the then Lucknow division.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Irwin |first=Henry Crossley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ON_NTrHBs80C&q=Barabanki |title=The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs |date= October 2009|publisher=BiblioBazaar |isbn=978-1-115-53816-9 |language=en}}</ref> Its area was {{convert|1768|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}} and population was 1,113,430.


As per ''1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh'' there were:<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
As per ''1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh'' there were:<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
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===Independence movement===
===Independence movement===
 
In the struggle for independence from 1922 to 1934 during the Khilafat movement, the district participated in the growing movement against foreign fabrics, etc.<ref name="DJ">{{cite web | url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/barabanki-9567077.html | title=छोटे-बड़े आंदोलनों में सहभागी बने थे बाराबंकीवासी (Hindi) | publisher=Dainik Jagran | date=13 August 2012 | access-date=16 August 2012}}</ref> On 26 October 1942, Brij Bahadur and Hans Raj ({{a.k.a.}} Sardar) planted a bomb in a police outpost at Barabanki, known as Barabanki Outpost Bomb Case.<ref name="QIMUP">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PExuAAAAMAAJ&q=%2226th+October%2C+1942%22 | title=Quit India movement in U.P.: sabotage, bomb, and conspiracy cases | publisher=NP Publishers | year=1992 | access-date=30 June 2013 | author=Rakesh Ranjan Bakshi | page=45}}</ref>
In the struggle for independence from 1922 to 1934 during the Khilafat movement, the district participated in the growing movement against foreign fabrics, etc.<ref name="DJ">{{cite web | url=http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/barabanki-9567077.html | title=छोटे-बड़े आंदोलनों में सहभागी बने थे बाराबंकीवासी (Hindi) | publisher=Dainik Jagran | date=13 August 2012 | access-date=16 August 2012}}</ref> On 26 October 1942, Brij Bahadur and Hans Raj ({{a.k.a.}} Sardar) planted a bomb in a police outpost at Barabanki, known as Barabanki Outpost Bomb Case.<ref name="QIMUP">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PExuAAAAMAAJ&q=%2226th+October%2C+1942%22 | title=Quit India movement in U.P.: sabotage, bomb, and conspiracy cases | publisher=NP Publishers | year=1992 | access-date=30 June 2013 | author=Rakesh Ranjan Bakshi | page=45}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
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===Rivers and waters===
===Rivers and waters===
====Ghaghra====
====Ghaghra====
The principal river in the district is the [[Ghaghara|Ghaghra]] at a short distance from Bahramghat; it is formed by the Himalaya-fed rivers Chauka and Sarda, which meet in the Fatehpur tahsil. It is {{convert|1.5|to|2|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} wide in the rainy season and about {{convert|0.5|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} wide during the dry season, when the discharge is about {{convert|19000|cuft/s|m3/s}}. For {{convert|48|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}}, the river divides the Bara Banki district from the districts of Bahraich and Gonda. It flows in a south-easterly direction past Faizabad, and empties into the Ganges at Arrah. This river is navigable for flat-bottomed steamers as far as Bahramghat, and is used by country boats in considerable numbers between Bahramghat and Sarun district. The principal ferries are at Kaithi, Kamiar, and Paska Ghat; a floating bridge operates at Bahramghat during the cold season. The river's flood plains generally have fine crops of rice, but the water sometimes lies too long after the rains and rots them, and the spring crops cannot be sown. The river is not utilized for irrigation.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
The principal river in the district is the [[Ghaghara|Ghaghra]] at a short distance from Bahramghat; it is formed by the Himalaya-fed rivers Chauka and Sarda, which meet in the Fatehpur tehsil. It is {{convert|1.5|to|2|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} wide in the rainy season and about {{convert|0.5|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} wide during the dry season, when the discharge is about {{convert|19000|cuft/s|m3/s}}. For {{convert|48|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}}, the river divides the Barabanki district from the districts of Bahraich and Gonda. It flows in a south-easterly direction past Ayodhya, and empties into the Ganges at Arrah. This river is navigable for flat-bottomed steamers as far as Bahramghat, and is used by country boats in considerable numbers between Bahramghat and Sarun district. The principal ferries are at Kaithi, Kamiar, and Paska Ghat; a floating bridge operates at Bahramghat during the cold season. The river's flood plains generally have fine crops of rice, but the water sometimes lies too long after the rains and rots them, and the spring crops cannot be sown. The river is not utilised for irrigation.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />


====Gomti====
====Gomti====
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====Kalyani====
====Kalyani====
The [[Kalyani River]] rises in the Fatehpur tahsil, and empties into the Gomti near the village of Anarpatti.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> In the rains of 1872, the Kalyani presented a vast volume of water – {{convert|269|ft|m|order=flip}} broad and {{convert|337|ft|m|order=flip}} deep – rushing at {{convert|5.74|mph|order=flip|abbr=on}} with a discharge of {{convert|51540|cuft/s|m3/s|order=flip}}. In typical monsoons, the maximum discharge is about three-quarters of this.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> The river is crossed by a railway bridge with six spans of {{convert|60|ft|m|order=flip}}.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
The Kalyani River rises in the Fatehpur tahsil, and empties into the Gomti near the village of Anarpatti.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> In the rains of 1872, the Kalyani presented a vast volume of water – {{convert|269|ft|m|order=flip}} broad and {{convert|337|ft|m|order=flip}} deep – rushing at {{convert|5.74|mph|order=flip|abbr=on}} with a discharge of {{convert|51540|cuft/s|m3/s|order=flip}}. In typical monsoons, the maximum discharge is about three-quarters of this.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" /> The river is crossed by a railway bridge with six spans of {{convert|60|ft|m|order=flip}}.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />


====Jamuriha and Reth====
====Jamuriha and Reth====
[[File:Jamuriya Nala at Railway Station Road Bridge Barabanki.jpg|thumb|left|View of Jamuriya Nala (a brook) from Railway Station Road Bridge, Barabanki. This brook flows through Barabanki city, dividing it in half.]]
[[File:Jamuriya Nala at Railway Station Road Bridge Barabanki.jpg|thumb|left|View of Jamuriya Nala (a brook) from Railway Station Road Bridge, Barabanki. This brook flows through Barabanki city, dividing it in half.]]
[[File:Reth river Barabanki.jpg|thumb|View of Reth river in [[Barabanki city]] as seen from railway bridge crossing over it.]]
[[File:Reth river Barabanki.jpg|thumb|View of Reth river in [[Barabanki city]] as seen from railway bridge crossing over it.]]
The [[Jamuriha]] and [[Reth (river)|Reth]], both in the Nawabganj tehsil, are the only other notable streams in this district. Their general characteristics are the same: they have significant flows during rains which have carved steep and rugged banks broken by innumerable ravines. They flow into the Gomti. [[Haidergarh]], [[Deviganj]], [[Choury]] and [[Alapur]] are settlements on the Reth, while Jamuriha passes through [[Barabanki city]] (Barabanki revenue village on one side and [[Nawabganj, Barabanki|Nawabganj Tehsil hq]] on other).<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
The Jamuriha and Reth, both in the Nawabganj tehsil, are the only other notable streams in this district. Their general characteristics are the same: they have significant flows during rains which have carved steep and rugged banks broken by innumerable ravines. They flow into the Gomti. [[Haidergarh]], Deviganj, Choury and [[Alapur]] are settlements on the Reth, while Jamuriha passes through [[Barabanki city]] (Barabanki revenue village on one side and [[Nawabganj, Barabanki|Nawabganj Tehsil hq]] on other).<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />


====Tanks, jheels and wetlands====
====Tanks, jheels and wetlands====
There are numerous [[temple tank|tanks]] and jheels,{{clarify|date=July 2020}} especially in the tehsils of Daryabad, Ram Sanehi Ghat, and Nawabganj. Seven percent of the area is covered with water; many of the tanks are in course of being deepened, earth is removed to replenishing cultivated land, though such efforts are complicated by conflicting rights to the tanks. Some of the jheels are navigable by small boats for sport or pleasure. The finest jheel in this district,{{according to whom|date=July 2020}} that named [[Bhagghar]], is situated in the [[Suratganj]]; it covers less than {{convert|2|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} There is another in Dewa, covering about {{convert|5|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} with water and marsh. Parva, Nardahi, and Ganhari Jheel are the major wetlands.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />
There are numerous [[temple tank|tanks]] and jheels,{{clarify|date=July 2020}} especially in the tehsils of Daryabad, Ram Sanehi Ghat, and Nawabganj. Seven per cent of the area is covered with water; many of the tanks are in course of being deepened, earth is removed to replenishing cultivated land, though such efforts are complicated by conflicting rights to the tanks. Some of the jheels are navigable by small boats for sport or pleasure. The finest jheel in this district,{{according to whom|date=July 2020}} that named Bhagghar, is situated in the Suratganj; it covers less than {{convert|2|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} There is another in Dewa, covering about {{convert|5|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} with water and marsh. Parva, Nardahi, and Ganhari Jheel are the major wetlands.<ref name="Gazetteer Oudh 1877" />


====The Gomti-Kalyani doab====
====The Gomti-Kalyani doab====
This [[doab]] is a fertile area of about {{convert|146,526|ha|abbr=on}}. It is bounded by the Kalyani river to the north, the Gomti river and its tributary to the south, the Sarda Sahayak feeder channel to the west, and the confluence of the Gomti and Kalyani rivers to the east.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18(2).pdf |title=Restoration Plan of Gomti River with Designated Best Use Classification of Surface Water Quality based on River Expedition, Monitoring and Quality Assessment |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232344/http://gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18%282%29.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609134552/http://bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace/bitstream/123456789/583/1/2.pdf Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy Approach], XXXII National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008</ref>
This [[doab]] is a fertile area of about {{convert|146,526|ha|abbr=on}}. It is bounded by the Kalyani river to the north, the Gomti river and its tributary to the south, the Sarda Sahayak feeder channel to the west, and the confluence of the Gomti and Kalyani rivers to the east.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18(2).pdf |title=Restoration Plan of Gomti River with Designated Best Use Classification of Surface Water Quality based on River Expedition, Monitoring and Quality Assessment |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232344/http://gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18%282%29.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609134552/http://bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace/bitstream/123456789/583/1/2.pdf Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy Approach], XXXII National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008</ref>


==Administration and divisions==
==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10,25,624|13=1911|14=9,42,608|15=1921|16=8,95,722|17=1931|18=9,25,401|19=1941|20=10,11,287|21=1951|22=10,99,754|23=1961|24=12,34,931|25=1971|26=14,24,536|27=1981|28=17,40,799|29=1991|30=21,12,782|31=2001|32=26,73,581|33=2011|34=32,60,699|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901|access-date=4 February 2020|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211022459/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html}}</ref>|align=center}}
 
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Barabanki district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,260,699.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web|year=2011|title=District Census Handbook: Barabanki|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1182/download/3742/DH_2011_0945_PART_A_DCHB_BARA_BANKI.pdf|access-date=|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> It then ranked 107th out of [[Districts of India|India's 640 districts]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district had a population density of {{convert|740|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 26.40%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Barabanki had a [[sex ratio]] of 887 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 61.75%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Only 10.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 26.51% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>
 
===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Barabanki district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|76.84}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|22.61}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.55}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}
 
Hinduism is the largest religion. Islam is a large minority, and is in equal proportions with Hinduism in urban areas.
 
===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Barabanki district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 91.54 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 6.16 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] |value3 = 2.11 |color3 = indianred
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.19 |color4 = grey
|thumb=right
}}
 
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 91.54% of the district population spoke [[Hindi]] (or a related language), 6.16% [[Urdu]] and 2.11% [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10224/download/13336/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
 
One of the many languages spoken in the district is [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], a vernacular in the Hindi [[dialect continuum|continuum]] spoken by over 38&nbsp;million people, mainly in the [[Awadh]] region of India.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor=M. Paul Lewis|encyclopedia=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|title=Awadhi: A language of India|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=awa|access-date=28 September 2011|edition=16th|year=2009|publisher=SIL International|location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref>
 
==Government and politics==
===Administration and divisions===
{{overly detailed|date=July 2020}}
{{overly detailed|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Barabanki DMO.jpg|thumb|Office of District Magistrate/Collector]]
[[File:Barabanki DMO.jpg|thumb|Office of District Magistrate/Collector]]
[[File:Barabanki HPO.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Head Post Office]]
[[File:Barabanki HPO.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Head Post Office]]
[[File:Barabanki Kotwaali.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Kotwaali]]
[[File:Barabanki Kotwaali.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Kotwaali]]
Barabanki is one of the five constituent districts of [[Faizabad Division]]. The other districts being [[Faizabad district|Faizabad]], [[Sultanpur district|Sultanpur]], Amethi and [[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]. The division is headed by the divisional commissioner.
Barabanki is one of the five constituent districts of [[Faizabad Division]]. The other districts being [[Ayodhya district|Ayodhya]], [[Sultanpur district|Sultanpur]], Amethi and [[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]. The division is headed by the divisional commissioner.


As of 2003–04, the district contained 7 ''[[tehsil]]s'', 17 [[development block]]s, 154 ''[[nyaya panchayat]]'' and 1,140 ''[[gram sabha]]s''.<ref name="whereincity">{{cite web|url=http://www.whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php |title=District Barabanki |publisher=Whereincity.com |date=7 April 1905 |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912170737/http://whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php |archive-date=12 September 2013 }}</ref>
As of 2003–04, the district contained 7 ''[[tehsil]]s'', 17 [[Community development block|block]]s, 154 ''[[nyaya panchayat]]'' and 1,140 ''[[gram sabha]]s''.<ref name="whereincity">{{cite web|url=http://www.whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php |title=District Barabanki |publisher=Whereincity.com |date=7 April 1905 |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912170737/http://whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php |archive-date=12 September 2013 }}</ref>


As per 1991 data, there were 1,812 inhabited villages and 31 inhabited villages.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}
As per 1991 data, there were 1,812 inhabited villages and 31 inhabited villages.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}
In 2001, there were 14 towns and cities, 2 ''[[nagar palika parishad]]s'', 1 [[cantonment]] area, 10 ''nagar panchayats'' and 1 census town.<ref name="whereincity" />
In 2001, there were 14 towns and cities, 2 ''[[nagar palika parishad]]s'', 1 [[cantonment]] area, 10 ''nagar panchayats'' and 1 census town.<ref name="whereincity" />


=== Land administration ===
==== Land administration ====
 
Barabanki District is divided into six subdivisions, popularly known as ''tehsils'': [[Nawabganj, Barabanki|Nawabganj]], [[Tehsil Fatehpur|Fatehpur]], [[Ram Sanehi Ghat|Ramsanehi Ghat]], [[Haidergarh]], [[Ramnagar, Barabanki|Ram Nagar]] and [[Sirauli Ghauspur]]. The District Revenue Administration is headed by the District Collector (also known as District Magistrate), with the office at the collectorate, and these ''tehsils'' are under the charge of sub-divisional magistrates.
Barabanki District is divided into six subdivisions, popularly known as ''tehsils'': [[Nawabganj, Barabanki|Nawabganj]], [[Tehsil Fatehpur|Fatehpur]], [[Ram Sanehi Ghat|Ramsanehi Ghat]], [[Haidergarh]], [[Ramnagar, Barabanki|Ram Nagar]] and [[Sirauli Ghauspur]]. The District Revenue Administration is headed by the District Collector (also known as District Magistrate), with the office at the collectorate, and these ''tehsils'' are under the charge of sub-divisional magistrates.


=== Development ===
==== Development ====
District-level developmental activities are coordinated by the Chief Development Officer whose office is at the [[District Rural Development Agency]] (DRDA) at the collectorate. The district-level offices for monitoring the developmental activities of Blocks at Barabanki are located at Vikas Bhawan.{{clarify|date=July 2020}} Block development officers, who head each of the 15 development blocks of the district, carry out the development schemes on behalf of the government. The development blocks are: [[Banki, Uttar Pradesh|Banki]], Masauli, [[Dewa, India|Dewa]], Harakh, Fatehpur, Haidergarh, Dariyabad, [[Suratganj]], Siddhaur, Pure Dalai, Nindura, Trivediganj, Ram Nagar, Sirauli Ghauspur and Banikodar.


District-level developmental activities are coordinated by the Chief Development Officer whose office is at the DRDA{{expand acronym|date=July 2020}} at the collectorate. The district-level offices for monitoring the developmental activities of Blocks at Barabanki are located at Vikas Bhawan.{{clarify|date=July 2020}} Block development officers, who head each of the 15 development blocks of the district, carry out the development schemes on behalf of the government. The development blocks are: [[Banki, Uttar Pradesh|Banki]], Masauli, [[Dewa, India|Dewa]], Harakh, Fatehpur, Haidergarh, Dariyabad, [[Suratganj]], Siddhaur, Pure Dalai, Nindura, Trivediganj, Ram Nagar, Sirauli Ghauspur and Banikodar.
====Law and order====
 
The law and order administration is jointly coordinated by the District Magistrate and the Superintendent of Police. The district is subdivided into 22 police stations (''thanas''), each of which is headed by an inspector or sub-inspector of police. 12 police stations are rural and 9 are rural.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}<ref name="whereincity" /> These police stations are: Haidergarh, Satrikh, Dariyabad, Baddupur, Dewa, Kursi, Zaidpur, Mohammadpur, Ram Nagar, Fatehpur, Safderganj, Kotwali, Ramsanehi Ghat, Asandra, Subeha, Tikait Nagar, Lonikatra, Masauli, Kothi, Ghungter, Badosarai and Jahangirabad.
===Law and order===
 
The law and order administration is jointly coordinated by the District Magistrate and the Superintendent of Police. The district is subdivided into 22 police stations (''thanas''), each of which is headed by an inspector or sub-inspector of police. 12 police stations are rural and 9 are rural.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}<ref name="whereincity" /> These police stations are: Haidergarh, Satrikh, Dariyabad, Baddupur, Dewa, Kursi, Zaidpur, Mohammadpur, Ram Nagar, Fatehpur, Safderganj, Kotwali, Ramsanehi Ghat, Asandra, Subeha, Tikait Nagar, Lonikatra, Masauli, Kothi, Ghungter, Badosarai and Jahangirabad
 
===Urban===


====Urban====
The district has 14 urban administrative bodies for its towns, which are:
The district has 14 urban administrative bodies for its towns, which are:
* Nawabganj Nagar Parishad for Barabanki Town
* Nawabganj Nagar Parishad for Barabanki Town
Line 694: Line 725:
* Subeha Nagar panchayat for Subeha town (effective 2008)
* Subeha Nagar panchayat for Subeha town (effective 2008)


===Electoral===
====Electoral====
{{anchor|List of electoral constituencies of Barabanki district}}
{{anchor|List of electoral constituencies of Barabanki district}}


====Parliament and State Assembly====
=====Parliament and state assembly=====
 
Barabanki district has seven [[Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|state-assembly]] constituencies which fall under two [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies. They are:
Barabanki district has seven [[Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|state-assembly]] constituencies which fall under two [[Lok Sabha|parliamentary]] constituencies. They are:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid black;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid black;"
|- style="background:#9cf;"
|- style="background:#9cf;"
Line 717: Line 746:
| 1
| 1
| 266
| 266
| [[Kursi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kursi]]
| [[Kursi Assembly constituency|Kursi]]
| General
| General
| 343
| 343
Line 729: Line 758:
| 2
| 2
| 267
| 267
| [[Ram Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ram Nagar]]
| [[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ram Nagar]]
| General
| General
| 323
| 323
Line 737: Line 766:
| 3
| 3
| 268
| 268
| [[Barabanki (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barabanki]]
| [[Barabanki Assembly constituency|Barabanki]]
| General
| General
| 322
| 322
Line 745: Line 774:
| 4
| 4
| 269
| 269
| [[Zaidpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Zaidpur]]
| [[Zaidpur Assembly constituency|Zaidpur]]
| SC
| SC
| 359
| 359
Line 753: Line 782:
| 5
| 5
| 272
| 272
| [[Haidergarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Haidergarh]]
| [[Haidergarh Assembly constituency|Haidergarh]]
| SC
| SC
| 327
| 327
Line 761: Line 790:
| 6
| 6
| 270
| 270
| [[Dariyabad(Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dariyabad]]
| [[Dariyabad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dariyabad]]
| General
| General
| 337
| 337
Line 773: Line 802:
| 7
| 7
| 271
| 271
| [[Rudauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rudauli]] (partial)
| [[Rudauli Assembly constituency|Rudauli]] (partial)
| General
| General
| 304
| 304
Line 780: Line 809:
|}
|}


=====State Assembly=====
======State assembly======
 
Sitting {{abbr|MLAs|members of legislative assembly}} (As of 2026):<ref name="BBK-Political">{{cite web |url=http://barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm |title=Political Scene of the district |publisher=Barabanki.nic.in |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316145553/http://barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 }}</ref>
Sitting {{abbr|MLAs|members of legislative assembly}} (As of 2021):<ref name="BBK-Political">{{cite web |url=http://barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm |title=Political Scene of the district |publisher=Barabanki.nic.in |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316145553/http://barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 }}</ref>
* Sakendra Pratap Verma, 266-Kursi, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* Sakendra Pratap Verma, 266-Kursi, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* Sharad Kumar Awasthi, 267-Ramnagar, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* Fareed Mehfooz Kidwai, 267-Ramnagar, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
* Dharamraj Singh Yadav, 268-Barabanki, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
* Dharamraj Singh Yadav, 268-Barabanki, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
* Upendra Singh, 269-Zaidpur, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* Gaurav Kumar Rawat, 269-Zaidpur, [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
* Baijnath Rawat, 272-Haidergarh, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* Dinesh Rawat, 272-Haidergarh, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* Satish Chandra Sharma, 270-Dariyabad, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* Satish Chandra Sharma, 270-Dariyabad, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]


=====State Council=====
======State council======
Barabanki district sends two members to [[Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad|state-council]]. Sitting members are:<ref name="BBK-Political"/>
Barabanki district sends two members to [[Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad|state-council]]. Sitting members are:<ref name="BBK-Political"/>
# Rajesh Yadav 'Raju'
# Rajesh Yadav "Raju"
# Ram Naresh Rawat
# Ram Naresh Rawat


==Basic amenities==
===Basic amenities===
{{overly detailed|date=July 2020}}
{{overly detailed|date=July 2020}}
Following is the list of public amenities (1999–2002 data):<ref name="whereincity" />
Following is the list of public amenities (1999–2002 data):<ref name="whereincity" />


===Road transport===
====Communication services====
[[National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 28]] (NH-28) passes through the district. It is well connected to other cities by means of roadways. Passenger road transport services in Uttar Pradesh started in 1947 with the operation of bus service on the [[Lucknow]]–[[Barabanki city|Barabanki]] route by [[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|UP Government Roadways]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upsrtc.com/history.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104065838/http://upsrtc.com/history.htm |archive-date=4 January 2010 }} UPSRTC History</ref>
* Bus Station/Bus Stop 93
 
===Railway===
Both the Northern Railway and the North Eastern Railway pass through Barabanki district, with a total of {{convert|131|km|abbr=on}} of broad-gauge line and 19 stations.
 
===Communication services===
* Urban Post Office 26
* Urban Post Office 26
* Rural Post Office 339
* Rural Post Office 339
Line 812: Line 833:
* Telephone Connections 25691
* Telephone Connections 25691


===Public distribution system===
====Public distribution system====
* Rural fair-price shops 1094
* Rural fair-price shops 1094
* Urban fair-price shops 118
* Urban fair-price shops 118
Line 818: Line 839:
* Cold storage 16
* Cold storage 16


===Electricity===
====Electricity====
* Total electrified billages 1103
* Total electrified villages 1103
* Total electrified towns/cities 13
* Total electrified towns/cities 13
* Electrified Schedule Caste localities 1149
* Electrified Schedule Caste localities 1149


===Water supply===
====Water supply====
Area covered under water supply using taps/ handpumps of India Mark-2:
Area covered under water supply using taps/ handpumps of India Mark-2:
* Village 1812
* Village 1812
* Towns/city 14
* Towns/city 14
==Demographics==
{{overly detailed|section|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Decadal Growth Rate of Population (1901-2011) of Barabanki District.png|400px|thumb|Decadal Growth Rate of Population (1901–2011) of Barabanki District]]
[[File:Sex Ratio (1901-2011) of Barabanki District.png|400px|thumb|Sex Ratio (1901–2011) of Barabanki District]]
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Barabanki district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,260,699.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/Dist_File/datasheet-0946.pdf | title = Basic Data Sheet | access-date = 25 December 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> It then ranked 107th out of [[Districts of India|India's 640 districts]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district had a population density of {{convert| 740 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 26.40%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Barabanki had a [[sex ratio]] of 887 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 47.39%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
As per the report ''Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 Uttar Pradesh Series 10'' of the 2011 India Census,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Census|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/up/Census2011UttarPradeshPaper1.pdf}}</ref> Barabanki district ranked 28th out of 71 districts of UP by population, with 1.63% of the state's total. In 2001 census it ranked 32nd. Population density is ranked 46th, with an increase from 623 in 2001 to 739 in 2011.{{inconsistent|date=July 2020|problem=Doesn't match figure in previous paragraph}} The district was 56th for literacy, with overall literacy rate of 63.76%.{{inconsistent|date=July 2020|problem=Doesn't match figure in previous paragraph}} [[Indian census, 2011]] in its ''Provisional Population Totals'' report for Uttar Pradesh gives following stat for the district:<ref name="CoI2011-PPT-UP-DS">{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/up/Census2011Data%20Sheet-UP.pdf | title=Census of India 2011 - Provisional Population Totals - Uttar Pradesh - Data Sheet | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | work=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division | year=2011 | access-date=16 August 2012 | pages=1 & 2}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Total population !! Males !! Females !! Percentage decadal growth 2001–2011 !! Sex ratio !! Density <small>(persons per km<sup>2</sup>.)</small> !! Child population {{nowrap|{{small|(0–6 years)}}}} !! Child sex ratio {{nowrap|{{small|(0–6 years)}}}} !! Male literacy  !! Female literacy  !! Total literacy
|-
| 3,260,699 || 1,707,073 || 1,553,626 || 21.96 || 910 || 741 || 519,867 || 932 || 70.27 || 52.34 || 61.75
|}
[[Annual Health Survey 2010-11]]<ref name="AHS2010-11:UP">{{cite web | url=http://censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/AHSBulletins/files/01-Uttar%20Pradesh%20AHS%20Bulletin.pdf | title=ANNUAL HEALTH SURVEY BULLETIN 2010-11 UTTAR PRADESH | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | work=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division | year=2011 | access-date=16 August 2012 | pages=1 & 2}}</ref> gave following stats for the district:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Crude birth rate !! Crude death rate !! Natural growth rate !! Infant mortality rate !! Neo-natal mortality rate !! Post neo-natal mortality rate !! Under-five mortality rate !! Sex ratio at birth <br /> [[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]] !! Sex ratio (0–4&nbsp;years) <br /> [[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]] !! Sex ratio (all ages) <br /> [[female|♀]]/[[male|♂]]
|-
| '''Total''' || 26.0 || 7.6 || 18.4 || 71 || 55 || 16 || 95 || 930 || 922 || 893
|-
| '''Urban''' || 26.4 || 7.7 || 18.7 || 72 || 57 || 15 || 97 || 936 || 933 || 896
|-
| '''Rural''' || 21.1 || 6.1 || 15.0 || - ||  -  || - ||  -  || 838 || 780 || 857
|}
As per [[Annual Health Survey 2010-11]]<ref name="AHS2010-11:FS-UP32">{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/AHSBulletins/AHS_Baseline_Factsheets/U_P.pdf | title=ANNUAL HEALTH SURVEY 2010-11 FACT SHEET Uttar Pradesh| publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | work=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division | year=2011 | access-date=28 August 2012 | page= 32}}</ref> district's stats for [[wealth index]] were:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Lowest (20%) !! Highest (20%)
|-
| '''Total''' || 33.8 || 7.1
|-
| '''Urban''' || 35.2 || 4.9
|-
| '''Rural''' || 10.3 || 42.9
|}
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10,25,624|13=1911|14=9,42,608|15=1921|16=8,95,722|17=1931|18=9,25,401|19=1941|20=10,11,287|21=1951|22=10,99,754|23=1961|24=12,34,931|25=1971|26=14,24,536|27=1981|28=17,40,799|29=1991|30=21,12,782|31=2001|32=26,73,581|33=2011|34=32,60,699|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>|align=right}}
As per [[Annual Health Survey 2010-11|AHS 2010–11]],<ref name="AHS2010-11:FS-UP">{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/AHSBulletins/AHS_Baseline_Factsheets/U_P.pdf | title=ANNUAL HEALTH SURVEY 2010-11 FACT SHEET Uttar Pradesh| publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | work=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division | year=2011 | access-date=28 August 2012 | pages= 41, 56, 59, 61, 63}}</ref> the district's [[effective literacy rate]] was 67.6 (rural 66.5, urban 80.9); for males it stood at 77.1 (rural 76.4, urban 85.8) and for females it was 56.9 (rural 55.3, urban 75.3).
1.518% of total population had some form of disability. Per 100,000 persons, the rate of severe injury was 188, major injury was 122, and minor injury was 423. Out of 100,000 persons, 691 were suffering from [[diarrhoea]]/[[dysentery]], 966 were suffering from [[acute respiratory infection]] (ARI), 3,698 suffered from some kind of [[fever]], 139 were suffering from [[diabetes]], 418 were suffering from [[hypertension]], 234 were suffering from [[tuberculosis]], 578 were suffering from [[asthma]]/chronic respiratory diseases, and 801 were suffering from [[arthritis]]. 5,592 suffered from an acute illness. 98.3% of those suffering from acute illness received treatment (6.6% from a government source). 5,036 had symptoms of chronic illness, of which 83.1% sought medical care. 4,964 were suffering from any kind of chronic illness of which 45.5% received treatment (20.3% from a government source).
18.3% of population was having habit of chewing tobacco while 1.1% were in habit of chewing without tobacco.{{clarify|date=July 2020}} 15% of population smoked, and 4.2% drank alcohol.
Minorities{{clarify|date=July 2020}} comprised about 23% of the total population of the district. Barabanki is a category "A" district (i.e. having socio-economic and basic amenities parameters below the national average).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110930090010/http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf Minutes of the 34th Meeting of Empowered Committee to Consider and Approve Revised Plan for Balance Fund for the Districts of Ghaziabad, Bareilly, Barabanki, Siddharth Nagar, Shahjanpur, Moradabad, Muzaffar Nagar, Bahraich and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) under Multi-Sectoral Development Programme in Minority Concentration Districts held on 22nd July, 2010 at 11.00 a.m. under the Chairmanship of Secretary, Ministry of Minority Affairs.] F. No. 3/64/2010-PP-I, Government of India, Ministry of Minority Affairs.</ref>
===Religion===
{{bar box
| title    = Religion in Barabanki district<ref name="BarabankiCen2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/547-barabanki.html|title=Barabanki District Religion Census 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="UPcen2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|title=Population by Religious Community - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1    = Religion
| right1  = Percent
| float    = right
| bars    =
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|Orange|76.84}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|22.61}}
{{bar percent|
[[Christianity]]|Purple|0.15}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|Yellow|0.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Blue|0.06}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|Gold|0.05}}
{{bar percent|Other Religions|Pink|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|Violet|0.20}}
}}
According to the 2011 Census, the largest religious groupings are [[Hindus]] (76.84 per cent), followed by [[Muslims]] (22.61 per cent), those who didn't state any religion (0.20 per cent), [[Christians]] (0.15 per cent), [[Jains]] (0.09 per cent), [[Sikhs]] (0.06 per cent), [[Buddhists]] (0.05 per cent) and adherents of other religions (0.01 per cent).<ref name="BarabankiCen2011"/><ref name="UPcen2011"/>
===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
| caption=Bara Banki district: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C16"/>
|label1 = Hindi
|value1 = 91.54
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = Urdu
|value2 = 6.16
|color2 = Green
|label3 = Awadhi
|value3 = 2.11
|color3 = Tomato
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 0.19
|color4 = Gray
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 93.74% of the district population spoke [[Hindi]] (or a related language) and 6.16% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-C16"/>
One of the many languages spoken in the district is [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], a vernacular in the Hindi [[dialect continuum|continuum]] spoken by over 38&nbsp;million people, mainly in the [[Awadh]] region of India.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Awadhi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=awa | access-date = 28 September 2011 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! colspan=4| Bara Banki district: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Uttar Pradesh |url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Mother tongue code
! Mother tongue
! People
! Percentage
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 002007 || [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 635
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.02%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006030 || [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 68,876
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.11%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006102 || [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,141
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.07%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006142 || [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 217
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006240 || [[Hindi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,984,773
| style="text-align:right;" | 91.54%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 016038 || [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,199
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.04%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 022015 || [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 200,893
| style="text-align:right;" | 6.16%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 028001 || [[Arabic language|Arabic/Arbi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 170
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 040001 || [[English language|English]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 763
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.02%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:center;" | –
|| [[Languages of India|others]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,032
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.03%
|-valign=top class="sortbottom"
| colspan=2 | Total
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,260,699
| style="text-align:right;" | 100.00%
|-
|}


==Economy==
==Economy==
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Subsistence agriculture is practised in Barabanki, with up to five crops rotated per year.<ref>[http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?240192 A Full Round Meal], Outlook India, Business/Cover Stories, 13 April 2009</ref> The dominant crops are cereals (occupying 68.4 per cent of cropped areas), mainly paddy (rice) (34.4%) and wheat (31.3%). Other crops include pulses (10.1%) and sugarcane 3.6%), and potatoes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/potato-glut-price-slump-lead-to-losses-for-up-farmers/story-Qj3ywUuHBFfVp3ucnvaORN.html|title=Potato glut, price slump lead to losses for UP farmers|date=6 March 2017|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> (2.8%). [[Wheat]], [[rice]] and [[maize]] are chief [[food crop]]s of the district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf|title=Use of mint essential oil as an agrichemical: Control of N-loss in crop fields by using mint essential oil-coated urea as fertilizer|date=10 October 2006|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010162118/http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf|archive-date=10 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html |title=Sub-programme on Maize-based Cropping Systems for Food Security in India under GOI-UNDP Food Security Programme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807175303/http://www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 }}</ref> [[Opium]], [[menthol|menthol oil]], [[sugarcane]], fruits ([[mango]], [[banana]], etc.), vegetables ([[potato]], [[tomato]], [[mushroom]], etc.), flowers ([[gladiolus]], etc.), [[spices]], etc. are the chief [[cash crop]]s<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/up-district-to-emerge-as-menthol-oil-hub/333719/ UP district to emerge as menthol oil hub], 8 September 2008, 5:41 IST</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811091225/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-26/lucknow/28278209_1_opium-cultivation-new-licences-cbn Low Returns And A Rigid Govt Policy Alienating Opium Farmers Of Barabanki], TNN, 26 July 2010, 05.18&nbsp;am IST</ref><ref>[http://www.smeindia.net/export_schemes/DOCS/A-4/agriculture.pdf STATEMENT OF AEZ NODAL OFFICERS (UPDATED)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724070708/http://www.smeindia.net/export_schemes/DOCS/A-4/agriculture.pdf |date=24 July 2011 }}, The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)</ref><ref name="Zone-IV">{{cite web|url=http://www.zpdicarkanpur.org.in/downloads/farmerst-list(Zone-IV)-2.pdf |title=List of Progressive/Innovative Farmers of Zone-IV, Kanpur }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.iisr.nic.in/NewsLetterJuly2009.pdf IISR Newsletter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170001/http://www.iisr.nic.in/NewsLetterJuly2009.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SUGARCANE RESEARCH, LUCKNOW, Vol. 16 No. 2, JULY 2009</ref><ref>[http://laloo.instablogs.com/entry/traditionally-a-potato-growing-area-becomes-a-new-leaf-for-gen-nxt-banana-crop/ Traditionally a Potato growing area becomes a new leaf for Gen. Nxt. "BANANA CROP"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222024807/http://laloo.instablogs.com/entry/traditionally-a-potato-growing-area-becomes-a-new-leaf-for-gen-nxt-banana-crop |date=22 December 2009 }}, SPSingh, Ghaziabad: 15 November 2009</ref> for export.<ref name="apeda" /> Barabanki has been major hub of opium production since British rule; the district opium officer, based at Afeem Kothi, is the only one in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Mindless-rule-dues-up-UPs-sea-of-poppies/articleshow/50003995.cms|title=Mindless rule dues up UP's sea of poppies &#124; Lucknow News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
Subsistence agriculture is practised in Barabanki, with up to five crops rotated per year.<ref>[http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?240192 A Full Round Meal], Outlook India, Business/Cover Stories, 13 April 2009</ref> The dominant crops are cereals (occupying 68.4 per cent of cropped areas), mainly paddy (rice) (34.4%) and wheat (31.3%). Other crops include pulses (10.1%) and sugarcane 3.6%), and potatoes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/potato-glut-price-slump-lead-to-losses-for-up-farmers/story-Qj3ywUuHBFfVp3ucnvaORN.html|title=Potato glut, price slump lead to losses for UP farmers|date=6 March 2017|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> (2.8%). [[Wheat]], [[rice]] and [[maize]] are chief [[food crop]]s of the district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf|title=Use of mint essential oil as an agrichemical: Control of N-loss in crop fields by using mint essential oil-coated urea as fertilizer|date=10 October 2006|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010162118/http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf|archive-date=10 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html |title=Sub-programme on Maize-based Cropping Systems for Food Security in India under GOI-UNDP Food Security Programme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807175303/http://www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 }}</ref> [[Opium]], [[menthol|menthol oil]], [[sugarcane]], fruits ([[mango]], [[banana]], etc.), vegetables ([[potato]], [[tomato]], [[mushroom]], etc.), flowers ([[gladiolus]], etc.), [[spices]], etc. are the chief [[cash crop]]s<ref>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/up-district-to-emerge-as-menthol-oil-hub/333719/ UP district to emerge as menthol oil hub], 8 September 2008, 5:41 IST</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811091225/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-26/lucknow/28278209_1_opium-cultivation-new-licences-cbn Low Returns And A Rigid Govt Policy Alienating Opium Farmers Of Barabanki], TNN, 26 July 2010, 05.18&nbsp;am IST</ref><ref>[http://www.smeindia.net/export_schemes/DOCS/A-4/agriculture.pdf STATEMENT OF AEZ NODAL OFFICERS (UPDATED)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724070708/http://www.smeindia.net/export_schemes/DOCS/A-4/agriculture.pdf |date=24 July 2011 }}, The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)</ref><ref name="Zone-IV">{{cite web|url=http://www.zpdicarkanpur.org.in/downloads/farmerst-list(Zone-IV)-2.pdf |title=List of Progressive/Innovative Farmers of Zone-IV, Kanpur }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.iisr.nic.in/NewsLetterJuly2009.pdf IISR Newsletter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170001/http://www.iisr.nic.in/NewsLetterJuly2009.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SUGARCANE RESEARCH, LUCKNOW, Vol. 16 No. 2, JULY 2009</ref><ref>[http://laloo.instablogs.com/entry/traditionally-a-potato-growing-area-becomes-a-new-leaf-for-gen-nxt-banana-crop/ Traditionally a Potato growing area becomes a new leaf for Gen. Nxt. "BANANA CROP"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222024807/http://laloo.instablogs.com/entry/traditionally-a-potato-growing-area-becomes-a-new-leaf-for-gen-nxt-banana-crop |date=22 December 2009 }}, SPSingh, Ghaziabad: 15 November 2009</ref> for export.<ref name="apeda" /> Barabanki has been major hub of opium production since British rule; the district opium officer, based at Afeem Kothi, is the only one in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Mindless-rule-dues-up-UPs-sea-of-poppies/articleshow/50003995.cms|title=Mindless rule dues up UP's sea of poppies &#124; Lucknow News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>


Barabanki leads the country in menthol farming, with {{convert|20000|acre|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} under cultivation.<ref name="apeda">{{citation|doi=10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00113-3|title=Characteristics of menthol mint Mentha arvensis cultivated on industrial scale in the Indo-Gangetic plains|journal=Industrial Crops and Products|volume=15|issue=3|pages=189–198|year=2002|last1=Srivastava|first1=R.K.|last2=Singh|first2=A.K.|last3=Kalra|first3=A.|last4=Tomar|first4=V.K.S.|last5=Bansal|first5=R.P.|last6=Patra|first6=D.D.|last7=Chand|first7=S.|last8=Naqvi|first8=A.A.|last9=Sharma|first9=S.|last10=Kumar|first10=Sushil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-68958377.html|title=404 - Encyclopedia.com|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm|title=ficciagroindia.com|website=www.ficciagroindia.com|access-date=21 February 2020|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220081533/http://www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Barabanki leads the country in menthol farming, with {{convert|20000|acre|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} under cultivation.<ref name="apeda">{{citation|doi=10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00113-3|title=Characteristics of menthol mint Mentha arvensis cultivated on industrial scale in the Indo-Gangetic plains|journal=Industrial Crops and Products|volume=15|issue=3|pages=189–198|year=2002|last1=Srivastava|first1=R.K.|last2=Singh|first2=A.K.|last3=Kalra|first3=A.|last4=Tomar|first4=V.K.S.|last5=Bansal|first5=R.P.|last6=Patra|first6=D.D.|last7=Chand|first7=S.|last8=Naqvi|first8=A.A.|last9=Sharma|first9=S.|last10=Kumar|first10=Sushil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm|title=ficciagroindia.com|website=www.ficciagroindia.com|access-date=21 February 2020|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220081533/http://www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Apart from crop farming, [[livestock]]-based farming,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf|title=Holistic Approach for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180912/http://www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> [[broiler]] farming,<ref name="Zone-IV" /> and [[Fish farming|fish cultivation]] is also prevalent in the district.<ref name="Zone-IV" /> [[Bee keeping]] is practised in the Dewa block of the district.<ref name="iisdindia" /><ref name="Zone-IV" />
Apart from crop farming, [[livestock]]-based farming,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf|title=Holistic Approach for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180912/http://www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> [[broiler]] farming,<ref name="Zone-IV" /> and [[Fish farming|fish cultivation]] is also prevalent in the district.<ref name="Zone-IV" /> [[Bee keeping]] is practised in the Dewa block of the district.<ref name="iisdindia" /><ref name="Zone-IV" />
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===Cottage industry===
===Cottage industry===
* [[Handicrafts]] industry<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201041558/http://wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Recommendation of the Project Sanctioning Committee (PSC) on the Project Proposals Considered in the Meeting Held on 22-24 December 2009 Under Step Scheme|archive-date=1 December 2010|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>
* [[Handicrafts]] industry<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201041558/http://wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Recommendation of the Project Sanctioning Committee (PSC) on the Project Proposals Considered in the Meeting Held on 22-24 December 2009 Under Step Scheme|archive-date=1 December 2010|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>
* Handloom industry<ref>[http://www.barabankihandloom.com]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barabankihandloom.com/|title=Pashmina Shawls Manufacturers, Exporter of Pashmina Shawls, Pure Pashmina Shawls Suppliers, India|website=www.barabankihandloom.com|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
* Handloom industry<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barabankihandloom.com/|title=Pashmina Shawls Manufacturers, Exporter of Pashmina Shawls, Pure Pashmina Shawls Suppliers, India|website=www.barabankihandloom.com|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref>
: Weaving products including scarfs, shawls and stoles, some of which are exported.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090612054356/http://www.nimsme.org/pdf/News_March09.pdf Bulletin: ''Some new designs of handloom clusters...''], An in-house monthly magazine published from National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) [Formerly known as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet)] (An Organisation of the Ministry of MSME, Government of India); Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/NhqfYulsjzlSF2e4bYGKkI/The-weavers-of-Barabanki.html|title=The weavers of Barabanki|first=Osama|last=Manzar|date=13 April 2016}}</ref> These products are broadly categorised as rayon fibre or cotton yarn. Barabanki scarves were displayed at a national handloom expo.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1464787.ece | title=National handloom expo to open Saturday | work=Indian Express| date=15 February 2013 | access-date=15 February 2013}}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}} Barabanki has also emerged as an handkerchief production hub.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121017182257/http://www.sify.com/news/handkerchief-business-generating-employment-in-uttar-pradesh-news-national-km1rkchcieg.html Handkerchief business generating employment in Uttar Pradesh], 27 December 2010 17:10:00</ref>
: Weaving products including scarfs, shawls and stoles, some of which are exported.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.nimsme.org/pdf/News_March09.pdf |title=Bulletin: ''Some new designs of handloom clusters...'' |journal=National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (An Organisation of the Ministry of MSME, Government of India) |volume=8 |issue=3 |date=March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612054356/http://www.nimsme.org/pdf/News_March09.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/NhqfYulsjzlSF2e4bYGKkI/The-weavers-of-Barabanki.html|title=The weavers of Barabanki|first=Osama|last=Manzar|date=13 April 2016}}</ref> These products are broadly categorised as rayon fibre or cotton yarn. Barabanki scarves were displayed at a national handloom expo.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1464787.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602124328/http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article1464787.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 June 2013 | title=National handloom expo to open Saturday | work=Indian Express| date=15 February 2013 | access-date=15 February 2013}}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}} Barabanki has also emerged as a handkerchief production hub.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/news/handkerchief-business-generating-employment-in-uttar-pradesh-news-national-km1rkchcieg.html |title=Handkerchief business generating employment in Uttar Pradesh |date=27 December 2010 |work=Sify |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017182257/http://www.sify.com/news/handkerchief-business-generating-employment-in-uttar-pradesh-news-national-km1rkchcieg.html |archive-date=17 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Embroidery]],
* [[Embroidery]],
:[[Zardozi]]- In 2013 the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indication Registry (GIR)]] accorded the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication (GI)]] registration to the ''[[Zardozi|Lucknow Zardozi]]'' – the world-renowned textile embroidery from Lucknow. The Zardozi products manufactured in areas in [[Lucknow]] and six surrounding districts of Barabanki, [[Unnao district|Unnao]], [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]], [[Rae Bareli district|Rae Bareli]], [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]] and [[Amethi district|Amethi]] became a brand and can carry a registered logo to confirm their authenticity.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lucknow zardozi gets GI registration|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/lucknow-zardozi-gets-gi-registration-113042400432_1.html|access-date=10 July 2013|newspaper=The Business Standard|date=24 April 2013 }}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=July 2020|This has to do with six other districts, not Barabanki itself.}}
:[[Zardozi]]- In 2013 the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indication Registry (GIR)]] accorded the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication (GI)]] registration to the ''[[Zardozi|Lucknow Zardozi]]'' – the world-renowned textile embroidery from Lucknow. The Zardozi products manufactured in areas in [[Lucknow]] and six surrounding districts of Barabanki, [[Unnao district|Unnao]], [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]], [[Rae Bareli district|Rae Bareli]], [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]] and [[Amethi district|Amethi]] became a brand and can carry a registered logo to confirm their authenticity.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lucknow zardozi gets GI registration|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/lucknow-zardozi-gets-gi-registration-113042400432_1.html|access-date=10 July 2013|newspaper=The Business Standard|date=24 April 2013 }}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=July 2020|This has to do with six other districts, not Barabanki itself.}}
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The companies and factories include:
The companies and factories include:
* India PolyFibres Limited<ref>[http://www.emt-india.net/eca2004/award2004/Petrochemical/India%20Polyfibres%20Limited%20Barabanki.pdf India PolyFibres Limited]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emt-india.net/eca2004/award2004/Petrochemical/India+Polyfibres+Limited+Barabanki.pdf|title=emt-india.net|website=www.emt-india.net|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
* India PolyFibres Limited<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emt-india.net/eca2004/award2004/Petrochemical/India+Polyfibres+Limited+Barabanki.pdf|title=emt-india.net|website=www.emt-india.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emt-india.net/eca2004/award2004/Petrochemical/India+Polyfibres+Limited+Barabanki.pdf|title=emt-india.net|website=www.emt-india.net|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
:The Company is engaged in manufacturing of polyester staple fibre, polyester, and tow with technology from Du Pont, USA.
:The Company is engaged in manufacturing of polyester staple fibre, polyester, and tow with technology from Du Pont, US.
* U.P. State Spinning Mill, Barabanki
* U.P. State Spinning Mill, Barabanki
* U.P. State Sugar Corp. Ltd., Barabanki
* U.P. State Sugar Corp. Ltd., Barabanki
* DSM Sugar, Rauzagaon, Barabanki, U.P.<ref>[http://www.dst.gov.in/about_us/ar99-2000-td-mmp.htm Annual Report 1999-2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901015327/http://www.dst.gov.in/about_us/ar99-2000-td-mmp.htm |date=1 September 2010 }}, Department of Science and Technology, GOI</ref>
* DSM Sugar, Rauzagaon, Barabanki, U.P.<ref>[http://www.dst.gov.in/about_us/ar99-2000-td-mmp.htm Annual Report 1999-2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901015327/http://www.dst.gov.in/about_us/ar99-2000-td-mmp.htm |date=1 September 2010 }}, Department of Science and Technology, GOI</ref>
* Hally Industries pvt. Ltd., Barabanki – supplies welding electrodes and owns a wire-drawing unit and a rice mill
* Hally Industries pvt. Ltd., Barabanki – supplies welding electrodes and owns a wire-drawing unit and a rice mill
* J.R. Agro Industries Limited<ref>[http://www.jragro.com J.R. Agro Industries Limited]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jragro.com/|title=Untitled|website=www.jragro.com|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> – operates a solvent extraction plant and a vegetable oil refinery.
* J.R. Agro Industries Limited<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jragro.com/|title=Untitled|website=www.jragro.com|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jragro.com/|title=Untitled|website=www.jragro.com|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> – operates a solvent extraction plant and a vegetable oil refinery.
* J.R. Organics Ltd. (formally Somaiya Organics Ltd.)
* J.R. Organics Ltd. (formally Somaiya Organics Ltd.)
* Bharat Rubber Industries – supplies rubber and rubber-related products/<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tqvision.com/|title=TQ VISION :: SA8000 ISO Certification Consultants for ISO 9001:2015 Quality, SEDEX, C-TPAT, ISO 14001, HACCP, ISO 22000, CE Mark, IRIS Railway, ISO 21001, ISO 45001, ISO 50001, ISO 55000, ISO 27001 ISMS, BIFMA, ISO 20000, BSCI, ISO 22301, Kosher, ISO 13485, Delhi India, ISO Audit Agency, ISO 31000 Risk|website=www.tqvision.com|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
* Bharat Rubber Industries – supplies rubber and rubber-related products/<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tqvision.com/|title=TQ VISION :: SA8000 ISO Certification Consultants for ISO 9001:2015 Quality, SEDEX, C-TPAT, ISO 14001, HACCP, ISO 22000, CE Mark, IRIS Railway, ISO 21001, ISO 45001, ISO 50001, ISO 55000, ISO 27001 ISMS, BIFMA, ISO 20000, BSCI, ISO 22301, Kosher, ISO 13485, Delhi India, ISO Audit Agency, ISO 31000 Risk|website=www.tqvision.com|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
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===Solar power plant===
===Solar power plant===
The first 2 megawatt-capacity solar power plant project of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Sandauli village of Barabanki district, it was inaugerated on 10&nbsp;May 2012 and become operational in January&nbsp;2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-11/lucknow/31668749_1_solar-power-power-plant-solar-energy | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915163916/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-11/lucknow/31668749_1_solar-power-power-plant-solar-energy | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 September 2013 | title=First 2 MW solar power plant of Uttar Pradesh switched on | date=11 May 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=13 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/lucknow/37078773_1_solar-energy-renewable-purchase-obligation-solar-power | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035110/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/lucknow/37078773_1_solar-energy-renewable-purchase-obligation-solar-power | url-status=dead | archive-date=11 April 2013 | title=Next big move in UP, energy from the sun | date=13 February 2013 | access-date=13 February 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | author=Bisht, Arvind Singh}}</ref> The plant was set up by Technical Associates Ltd.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttar-pradesh-akhilesh-yadav-three-day-industry-meet-india-today/1/248375.html | title=At three-day industry meet in Agra, Akhilesh hard sells UP to prospective investors with sops and six new policies | publisher=India Today | date=31 January 2012 | access-date=13 February 2013 | author=Mishra, Ashish}}</ref>
The first 2 megawatt-capacity solar power plant project of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Sandauli village of Barabanki district, it was inaugurated on 10&nbsp;May 2012 and become operational in January&nbsp;2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/First-2-MW-solar-power-plant-of-Uttar-Pradesh-switched-on/articleshow/13089185.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915163916/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-11/lucknow/31668749_1_solar-power-power-plant-solar-energy | url-status=live | archive-date=15 September 2013 | title=First 2 MW solar power plant of Uttar Pradesh switched on | date=11 May 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=13 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Next-big-move-in-UP-energy-from-the-sun/articleshow/18481530.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035110/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/lucknow/37078773_1_solar-energy-renewable-purchase-obligation-solar-power | url-status=live | archive-date=11 April 2013 | title=Next big move in UP, energy from the sun | date=13 February 2013 | access-date=13 February 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | author=Bisht, Arvind Singh}}</ref> The plant was set up by Technical Associates Ltd.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/uttar-pradesh-akhilesh-yadav-three-day-industry-meet-india-today-152975-2013-01-30 | title=At three-day industry meet in Agra, Akhilesh hard sells UP to prospective investors with sops and six new policies | publisher=India Today | date=31 January 2012 | access-date=13 February 2013 | author=Mishra, Ashish}}</ref>


==Culture==
==Culture==
=== Cultural heritage ===
=== Cultural heritage ===
 
In 2011–12 almost 2&nbsp;million people visited the twin sites of [[Lodheshwar Mahadev Mandir]] and Deva Sharif shrine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-low-on-agenda-of-tourists-visiting-UP/articleshow/16273578.cms|title=Lucknow low on agenda of tourists visiting UP &#124; Lucknow News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
In 2011–12 almost 2&nbsp;million people visited the twin sites of Deva Sharif shrine and Mahadeva temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-low-on-agenda-of-tourists-visiting-UP/articleshow/16273578.cms|title=Lucknow low on agenda of tourists visiting UP &#124; Lucknow News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>


===Notable people===
===Notable people===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦--->
* Royalty
* Royalty
** [[Rajeshwar Bali|Rai Rajeshwar Bali]] (1889–1944), 13th Taluqdar of Rampur-Daryabad Estate
** [[Rajeshwar Bali]] (1889–1944), 13th Taluqdar - Rampur Dariyabad, Honorary Magistrate, Barabanki, Minister of Education & Health United Provinces
* Athletes
* Athletes
** [[K. D. Singh]], (2 February 1922{{snd}}27 March 1978), [[field hockey]] player. He was captain of the gold medal-winning [[India at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Indian Olympic Hockey team]] at the [[1952 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="bbk-nic-per">{{cite web|url=http://barabanki.nic.in/person.htm|title=Personalities|access-date=10 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930011918/http://barabanki.nic.in/person.htm|archive-date=30 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[K. D. Singh (field hockey)|K. D. Singh]], (2 February 1922{{snd}}27 March 1978), [[field hockey]] player. He was captain of the gold medal-winning [[India at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Indian Olympic Hockey team]] at the [[1952 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="bbk-nic-per">{{cite web|url=http://barabanki.nic.in/person.htm|title=Personalities|access-date=10 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930011918/http://barabanki.nic.in/person.htm|archive-date=30 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[R. P. Singh]], a cricketer, was born in Purebala, Barabanki.
** [[Beni Prasad Verma]],(11 February 1941 – 27 March 2020) was an Indian politician and a member of the Samajwadi Party. Earlier he was with Samajwadi Party of Mulayam Singh Yadav, then he joined Indian National Congress and was elected on its ticket to Lok Sabha in 2009. In 2016 he rejoined Samajwadi Party.
** [[Atul Verma]], won India its first [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] [[archery]] medal, a bronze in the [[Archery at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' individual|boys' individual]] [[Archery at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics|archery competition]] at the [[2014 Youth Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Atul wins bronze, creates history|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/youth-olympic-games-atul-wins-bronze-creates-history/article6354356.ece|access-date=27 August 2014|work=The Hindu|date=26 August 2014|location=Kolkata|quote=Atul Verma won India its first Olympic archery medal – a bronze – at the Youth Olympic Games at Nanjing on Tuesday. The boy from Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) ...}}</ref>
** [[Atul Verma]], won India its first [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] [[archery]] medal, a bronze in the [[Archery at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' individual|boys' individual]] [[Archery at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics|archery competition]] at the [[2014 Youth Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Atul wins bronze, creates history|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/youth-olympic-games-atul-wins-bronze-creates-history/article6354356.ece|access-date=27 August 2014|work=The Hindu|date=26 August 2014|location=Kolkata|quote=Atul Verma won India its first Olympic archery medal – a bronze – at the Youth Olympic Games at Nanjing on Tuesday. The boy from Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) ...}}</ref>
* Religious figures
* Religious figures
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** [[Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu|Sayyed Salar Sahu Ghazi]] of [[Satrikh]] (died 1200s), who won the recognition of his contemporaries and exerted one of the most powerful influences in [[Awadh]] spiritual history.<ref>"Pluralism to Separatism Qasbas in Colonial Awadh", Mushirul Hasan - [[Oxford University Press]]</ref><ref>Sheikh Hussainuddin, (1937). ''Tazkira-e-Fani'', the life and times of Shah Abdur Razzaq, "Al-Maktaba-e-Monamia".</ref>
** [[Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu|Sayyed Salar Sahu Ghazi]] of [[Satrikh]] (died 1200s), who won the recognition of his contemporaries and exerted one of the most powerful influences in [[Awadh]] spiritual history.<ref>"Pluralism to Separatism Qasbas in Colonial Awadh", Mushirul Hasan - [[Oxford University Press]]</ref><ref>Sheikh Hussainuddin, (1937). ''Tazkira-e-Fani'', the life and times of Shah Abdur Razzaq, "Al-Maktaba-e-Monamia".</ref>
** [[Waris Ali Shah]], (1819–1905), a [[Sufi]] saint from [[Dewa, India|Dewa]], was the founder of Warsi order of Sufism and a poet. He wrote ''Hans-Jawahir''.<ref name="bbk-nic-per" />
** [[Waris Ali Shah]], (1819–1905), a [[Sufi]] saint from [[Dewa, India|Dewa]], was the founder of Warsi order of Sufism and a poet. He wrote ''Hans-Jawahir''.<ref name="bbk-nic-per" />
** [[Ayatollah]] [[Mufti]] [[Syed]] [[Syed Mir Muhammad Quli Musavi|Muhammad Quli]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]] – wrote ''Kintoori'', principal ''Sadr Amin'' at the British court in Meerut.<ref name="roots">[http://www.al-huda.com/Article_4of79.htm '''Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq''' Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859], ''by J. R. I. Cole, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford''</ref><ref name="sacred">''[http://www.bandung2.co.uk/books/Files/Religion/Sacred%20Space%20and%20Holy%20War.pdf Sacred Space and Holy War The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718140016/http://www.bandung2.co.uk/books/Files/Religion/Sacred%20Space%20and%20Holy%20War.pdf |date=18 July 2011 }}'' by Juan Cole, I.B.Tauris Publishers, London · New York</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ketabeqom.com/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210032007/http://ketabeqom.com/index.php/page,SiteEn.FullBookInfoEn/bookId,2554?PHPSESSID=a32bd4c0ccfca52eb9ec4aeaa9aef9e3|url-status=dead|title=شرکت تعاونی ناشران و کتابفروشان استان قم|first=شرکت تعاونی ناشران و کتابفروشان استان|last=قم|website=فروشگاه اینترنتی کتاب قم|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-date = 10 February 2013}}</ref>
** [[Ayatollah]] [[Mufti]] [[Sayyid|Syed]] [[Syed Mir Muhammad Quli Musavi|Muhammad Quli]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]] – wrote ''Kintoori'', principal ''Sadr Amin'' at the British court in Meerut.<ref name="roots">[http://www.al-huda.com/Article_4of79.htm '''Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq''' Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013223006/http://al-huda.com/Article_4of79.htm |date=13 October 2010 }}, ''by J. R. I. Cole, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford''</ref><ref name="sacred">''[http://www.bandung2.co.uk/books/Files/Religion/Sacred%20Space%20and%20Holy%20War.pdf Sacred Space and Holy War The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718140016/http://www.bandung2.co.uk/books/Files/Religion/Sacred%20Space%20and%20Holy%20War.pdf |date=18 July 2011 }}'' by Juan Cole, I.B.Tauris Publishers, London · New York</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ketabeqom.com/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210032007/http://ketabeqom.com/index.php/page,SiteEn.FullBookInfoEn/bookId,2554?PHPSESSID=a32bd4c0ccfca52eb9ec4aeaa9aef9e3|url-status=dead|title=شرکت تعاونی ناشران و کتابفروشان استان قم|first=شرکت تعاونی ناشران و کتابفروشان استان|last=قم|website=فروشگاه اینترنتی کتاب قم|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-date = 10 February 2013}}</ref>
* [[Ayatollah]] [[Syed]] [[Mir]] [[Hamid Hussain Musavi]] ''Kintoori'' ''Lakhnavi'' (died 1880) author of ''Abaqat ul Anwar fi Imamat al Ai'imma al-Athar''.<ref name="roots" /><ref name="islam">[https://books.google.com/books?id=6JrL2GdwkVsC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&dq=Allamah+Kinturi&source=bl&ots=B_HvFvR3Zq&sig=BxA5dTix_RiU6a2TjA1tEWeRf70&hl=en&ei=6HNJTOGZFsOB8gbX5LzQDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CCsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=kinturi&f=false Islam, politics, and social movements] ''By Edmund Burke, Ervand Abrahamian, Ira M. Lapidus''</ref><ref>[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3385087/Leader-of-Heaven Leader of Heaven] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103105321/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3385087/Leader-of-Heaven |date=3 January 2010 }} #18</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/thaqalayn/nontl/Abaqat.htm|title='Abaqat al-Anwar|date=4 November 2013}}</ref><ref>''[http://www.wofis.com/asset/Books/018.pdf Ghadeer-E-Khum Where the Religion was Brought to Perfection]'' By I.H. Najafi, Published by a Group of Muslim Brothers, Tehran, Iran.</ref>
* [[Ayatollah]] [[Sayyid|Syed]] [[Mir]] [[Hamid Hussain Musavi]] ''Kintoori'' ''Lakhnavi'' (died 1880) author of ''Abaqat ul Anwar fi Imamat al Ai'imma al-Athar''.<ref name="roots" /><ref name="islam">[https://books.google.com/books?id=6JrL2GdwkVsC&q=kinturi&pg=PA284 Islam, politics, and social movements] ''By Edmund Burke, Ervand Abrahamian, Ira M. Lapidus''</ref><ref>[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3385087/Leader-of-Heaven Leader of Heaven] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103105321/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3385087/Leader-of-Heaven |date=3 January 2010 }} #18</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/thaqalayn/nontl/Abaqat.htm|title='Abaqat al-Anwar|date=4 November 2013}}</ref><ref>''[http://www.wofis.com/asset/Books/018.pdf Ghadeer-E-Khum Where the Religion was Brought to Perfection]'' By I.H. Najafi, Published by a Group of Muslim Brothers, Tehran, Iran.</ref>
** [[Maulana]] [[Abdul Majid Daryabadi|Abdul Majid ''Daryabadi'']]
** [[Maulana]] [[Abdul Majid Daryabadi|Abdul Majid ''Daryabadi'']]
* Military
* Military
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** [[Khumar Barabankvi|Khumār Barabankvi]] (1919–1999), an Urdu poet and lyricist.
** [[Khumar Barabankvi|Khumār Barabankvi]] (1919–1999), an Urdu poet and lyricist.
** [[Maulvi|Mawlwi]] [[Abdul Bari Nadvi|Abdul Bari]] ''Nadwi'', was member of first Managing Committee of [[Darul Mussannefin Shibli Academy]]<ref name="shibli">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shibliacademy.org/book/export/html/4|title=Early History|website=www.shibliacademy.org|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
** [[Maulvi|Mawlwi]] [[Abdul Bari Nadvi|Abdul Bari]] ''Nadwi'', was member of first Managing Committee of [[Darul Mussannefin Shibli Academy]]<ref name="shibli">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shibliacademy.org/book/export/html/4|title=Early History|website=www.shibliacademy.org|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
* [[Majaz]] Lucknowi is prominent Urdu poet from Barabanki.  He hails from *Rudauli and maternal uncle of famous lyricist [[Javed Akhtar]].
** [[Majaz]] Lucknowi is prominent Urdu poet from Barabanki.  He hails from *Rudauli and maternal uncle of famous lyricist [[Javed Akhtar]].
* Politicians
* Politicians
** [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai]], Freedom Fighter and Congress leader
** [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai]], Freedom Fighter and Congress leader
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** [[Anantram Jaiswal]], politician
** [[Anantram Jaiswal]], politician
* Others
* Others
** [[Shaikh]] [[Abdul Quddus Gangohi|Abd al-Quddus]] ''Gangohi'' (1456–1537) bin Shaykh Muhammad Ismail bin Shaykh safi al-djn Hanafi Ghaznavi Chishti Gangohi, a Sufi Shaykh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sai/bb_files/Digby_Gangohi.PDF|title=#1|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>
** [[Sheikh|Shaikh]] [[Abdul Quddus Gangohi|Abd al-Quddus]] ''Gangohi'' (1456–1537) bin Shaykh Muhammad Ismail bin Shaykh safi al-djn Hanafi Ghaznavi Chishti Gangohi, a Sufi Shaykh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sai/bb_files/Digby_Gangohi.PDF|title=#1|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>
** [[Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi]], paternal grandfather of [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], was born in [[Kintoor]].<ref name="islam" /><ref>[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], 14 June 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=Sp3QTqX2Id&sig=jPhXf-pkhPqgHuRiYOrbHtEwQNE&hl=en&ei=ZdA6TLPRN4KClAeS-L3SBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CCkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=gA204zovZh&sig=U-hfoPBFyUW2eRJTMfTjSH7FsC8&hl=en&ei=w9Q6TKikEYP6lwfw79XVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref>
** [[Ahmad Hindi|Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi]], paternal grandfather of [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], was born in [[Kintoor]].<ref name="islam" /><ref>[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], 14 June 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&pg=PA199 The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&pg=PA2 Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref>
** [[Naseeruddin Shah]], an actor was born in 1950 in Barabanki.
** [[Naseeruddin Shah]], an actor was born in 1950 in Barabanki.
** [[Shiva Balak Misra]], geologist, writer and social worker
** [[Mushirul Hasan]],:originally belongs to village Muhammadpur, [[Tehsil Fatehpur]], historian,<ref name="Amazon">{{cite book|title=The Nehrus: Personal Histories|first=Mushirul|last=Hasan|date=1 May 2006|publisher=Mercury Books|isbn = 1845600193}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The book on trial: fundamentalism and censorship in India |last=Kumar |first=Girja |chapter=Mushirul Hasan: victim of academic politics |pages=253–272 |year=1997 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0525-2 }}</ref> author<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/s?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Mushirul%20Hasan|title=Amazon.com: Mushirul Hasan: Books|website=Amazon}}</ref> and ex-Vice-Chancellor of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] University at Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sack Jamia Millia Islamia Vice-Chancellor: BJP |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202074428/http://hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 February 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 September 2008 |access-date=5 October 2010 }}</ref>
** [[Mushirul Hasan]],:originally belongs to village Muhammadpur, [[Tehsil Fatehpur]], historian,<ref name="Amazon">{{cite book|title=The Nehrus: Personal Histories|first=Mushirul|last=Hasan|date=1 May 2006|publisher=Mercury Books|isbn = 1845600193}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The book on trial: fundamentalism and censorship in India |last=Kumar |first=Girja |chapter=Mushirul Hasan: victim of academic politics |pages=253–272 |year=1997 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0525-2 }}</ref> author<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/s?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Mushirul%20Hasan|title=Amazon.com: Mushirul Hasan: Books|website=Amazon}}</ref> and ex-Vice-Chancellor of [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] University at Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sack Jamia Millia Islamia Vice-Chancellor: BJP |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202074428/http://hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 February 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 September 2008 |access-date=5 October 2010 }}</ref>
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ♦♦♦--->
 
==Transport==
===Road transport===
[[National Highway 28 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 28]] (NH-28) passes through the district. It is well connected to other cities by means of roadways. Passenger road transport services in Uttar Pradesh started in 1947 with the operation of bus service on the [[Lucknow]]–[[Barabanki city|Barabanki]] route by [[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|UP Government Roadways]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upsrtc.com/history.htm |title=UPSRTC |access-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104065838/http://upsrtc.com/history.htm |archive-date=4 January 2010 }} UPSRTC History</ref>
* Bus Station/Bus Stop 93
 
===Railway===
{{Main|Barabanki Junction railway station}}
Both the Northern Railway and the North Eastern Railway pass through Barabanki district, with a total of {{convert|131|km|abbr=on}} of broad-gauge line and 19 stations.


==Education==
==Education==
===Schools and intermediate colleges===
===Schools and intermediate colleges===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
* [[Anand Bhawan School]], Barabanki city
* [[Government Inter College Barabanki|Government Inter College]], Barabanki city
* [[Government Inter College Barabanki|Government Inter College]], Barabanki city
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Sonikpur, Trivediganj, Barabanki
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Sonikpur, Trivediganj, Barabanki
* [[Pioneer Montessori Inter College]], Barabanki city
* [[Saint Anthony's Inter College]], Barabanki city
* [[Saraswati Shishu Mandir]], Barabanki city
* [[Saraswati Shishu Mandir]], Barabanki city
* [[Saraswati Vidya Mandir Inter College, Barabanki]] city
* [[Saraswati Vidya Mandir Inter College, Barabanki]] city
* [[Shiv Ram Singh Inter College]], Pallhari Bypass, Barabanki


===Engineering colleges===
===Engineering colleges===
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| North    = [[Sitapur district]], [[Bahraich district]]
| North    = [[Sitapur district]], [[Bahraich district]]
| Northeast = [[Gonda district]]
| Northeast = [[Gonda district]]
| East      = [[Faizabad district]]
| East      = [[Ayodhya district]]
| Southeast = [[Sultanpur district]]
| Southeast = [[Sultanpur district]]
| South    = [[Rae Bareli district]]
| South    = [[Rae Bareli district]]
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{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
}}
}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Barabanki District}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barabanki District}}
[[Category:Barabanki district| ]]
[[Category:Barabanki district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Faizabad division]]
[[Category:Ayodhya division]]
[[Category:Awadh]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]

Latest revision as of 15:06, 16 March 2026

Barabanki district
District
Nagar palika building in Barabanki
Nagar palika building in Barabanki
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Location of Barabanki district in Uttar Pradesh
Coordinates (Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh): 26°55′N 81°12′E / 26.92°N 81.20°E / 26.92; 81.20
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DivisionAyodhya
HeadquartersBarabanki
Tehsils
  1. Nawabganj
  2. Fatehpur
  3. Ram Sanehi Ghat
  4. Haidergarh
  5. Ram Nagar
  6. Sirauli Ghauspur
Government
 • District collectorShashank Tripathi, IAS
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesBarabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencies
Area
 • Total3,891.5 km2 (1,502.5 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total3,260,699
 • Density840/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
330,803
Demographics
 • Literacy61.75%[1]
 • Sex ratio910
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationUP-41
Major highwaysNH 27, NH 727H, NH927, NH28
Average annual precipitation1050 mm
Websitebarabanki.nic.in

Barabanki district is one of the five districts of Ayodhya division in the central Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Barabanki city is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district. Total area of Barabanki district is 3891.5 Sq. km.[2] It borders seven other districts of Uttar Pradesh. With its most northern point it shares borders with the Sitapur district, while its north-eastern boundary is defined by the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of Bahraich district and Gonda district. Its eastern border is shared with Ayodhya district, and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the Amethi district. On the west, it adjoins the Lucknow district.

It has a population of 2,673,581, with a population density of 686.50 per square kilometre (1,778.0/sq mi).

Barabanki district is situated between 27°19′ and 26°30′ north latitude, and 80°05′ and 81°51′ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of the Ghaghara and Gomti. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at 92 km (57 mi), and the extreme breadth at 93 km (58 mi); the total area is about 3,900 km2 (1,504 sq mi).

In 1856, the district came, with the rest of Oudh State, under British rule. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the whole of the Barabanki talukdars joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance following the capture of Lucknow.[3][4]

Barabanki district stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous lakes and marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clay and produces finer crops.[4] The district is fed by the rivers Ghaghra (forming the northern boundary), Gomti (flowing through the middle of the district), Kalyani and Rait and their tributaries, for the major part of the year.[5] Some rivers dry out in the summer, and become flooded during the rainy season. The changing course of the river Ghagra alters the land area of the district.

The principal crops are rice, wheat, potato, pulse and other food grains and sugarcane.[4] Both of the bordering rivers of Barabanki are navigable. The district is traversed by two lines of the Northern Railway and North-Eastern Railway, with branches having total length of 131 km (81 mi).[6] The district roadways include connections to National Highway 28, state highways and various link roads.

Etymology[edit | edit source]

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Barabanki Clock Arch

The area was once known as Jasnaul, from Jas, a Raja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it before 1000 AD. Following the Muslim conquest, the lands were divided into twelve, with the new owners quarrelling so incessantly that they were called the Barah Banke, or twelve quarrelsome men. Banka, in Awadhi, means a bully or brave. Others derive the name from ban, meaning wood or jungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle.[3]

History[edit | edit source]

The current Barabanki district was first established by the British upon their annexation of Oudh State in 1856.[7] Originally, the district was known as Daryabad district because its headquarters were at Daryabad, but in 1859 they were relocated to Barabanki.[7] The name "Barabanki" was chosen for the district's official name over "Nawabganj", then the more common name of the town, for two reasons: first, to avoid any possible confusion with other places called Nawabganj, and second, because the civil station was technically located outside of Nawabganj in the small revenue village of Barabanki.[7] Previously, under the Nawabs of Awadh, the area that would become Barabanki district was divided between five chaklas: Daryabad-Rudauli, Ramnagar, Dewa-Jahangirabad Raj, Jagdispur, and Haidargarh.[7]

Early history and legends[edit | edit source]

Barabanki district is mostly within what was the Pachhimrath division[8] of the kingdom of Rama.[9]

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Parijat tree at Kintoor, Barabanki

Parijaat tree is a protected baobab tree in the village of Kintoor, and is considered sacred to Hindus.[10] Located near the Kunteshwar Mahadeva temple (established by Kunti), the tree is said to grow from Kunti's ashes.[11] The tree is very old, though its age has not been scientifically determined.[12]

Before 1000 AD, Jas, a raja of the Bhar tribe, is said to have founded the locality of Jasnaul which later became Barabanki.[3]

Medieval India[edit | edit source]

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Indian Shia Muslims take out a tazia procession on day of Ashura in Barabanki, India, Jan 2009.

Muslim Infiltration was first tried in what is now the district at Satrikh, in 1030 AD (421 AH).[3] The Muslim conquest saw Sihali attacked and its Hindu sovereign killed.[3] Bhar chief Raja Sohil Deo (or Sohel Dal) of Sahet-Mahet and Rathor monarch Sri Chandradeo of Kannauj fought a battle in Satrikh village of the district and drove out the Foreign Muslim Army in the Battle of Bahraich.[9]

In 1049 AD (441 AH), the kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were again attacked but the foreigners were defeated and driven away from Oudh. The Muslim invasion was not successful in Bara Banki as elsewhere. After, Tarain 1192, Moslems again attacked this region and Ayodhya but were not very successful till the reign of Khiljis and Firoz Tuglaq.The foreigners followed a policy of religious persecution and conversions. They also settled many foreigners and gave them fertile tracts in Ramnagar, Daryabad, Zaidpur, Rudauli areas.[citation needed]

From 1350 to about 1750 AD, Muslim immigrants settled in great number in the district.[9] The Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh.[13]

Rudauli was occupied c. 700 AH, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had destroyed nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350 AD. Daryabad was founded about 1444 AD by Dariab Khan Subahdar and his brother Fateh Khan colonised. Fatehpur. The villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied and became large estates until about the middle of the fifteenth century.[3]

Simultaneously, however, with this latter immigration of the Muslims, there was one of Chhattris. The mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450 AD. Singh had large properties, with a possible capital at Bado Sarai on the old bank of the Ghagra.[3]

The wars had by then shifted to fighting between Muslim princes, with Hindu soldiers employed. The battleground was the Oudh borderland between Sharqis of Jaunpur (where Ibrahim Shah Shargi reigned) and the Lodis of Delhi. Dariab Khan settled Hindu soldiers as garrisons. Oudh clans, said to have emigrated from Gujarat, included the Kalhans, the Ahban, the Pan war, the Gahlot, the Gaur, and the Bais.[3]

The isolated Suryavanshi estate of Haraha and the Sombanshi Bahrelia estate of Surajpur were established by small colonies of Kshatriya foot-steps soldiers.[3]

Mughal era (1526–1732)[edit | edit source]

During Akbar's reign, the district was divided under the sirkars of Oudh, Lucknow and Manikpur.[3][14] Ain-i-Akbari mentions the following parganas (administrative units) during the reign of the Akbar:[15][relevant?]

Number Muhals of Ain-i-Akbari Parganas as of 1878 Sarkars of Ain-i-Akbari
1 Ibrahimabad Ibrahimabad Oudh
2 Basorhi Basorhi Oudh
3 Bakteha Baksaha Oudh
4 Daryabad Daryabad Oudh
5 Rudauli Rudauli Oudh
6 Sailuk Sailuk Oudh
7 Subeha Subeha Oudh
8 Satrikh Satrikh Oudh
9 Bhitauli Bhitauli Lucknow
10 Dewa Dewa Lucknow
11 Kumbhi Dewa Lucknow
12 Kursi Kursi Lucknow
13 Kahanjra Kursi Lucknow
14 Siddhaur Siddhaur Lucknow
15 Sidhipur Siddhaur Lucknow
16 Sihali Khiron Lucknow
17 Bhilwal Haidergarh Manikpur

Nawabs of Awadh (1732–1856)[edit | edit source]

Newal Rae, the naib of wazir Safdar Jang, was defeated and killed at the Kali river by the Bangash Afghans of Farukhabad, who then overran the province except a few of the fortified towns. In 1749 AD, Jang with an army of 60,000 men was defeated. The Mughal authority might have been overthrown had the Oudh Chhattris revolted at this time, but they waited until Jang had bribed or beaten the Rohillas out of the country in 1750 AD (1164 AH).[3]

The tribes gathered themselves together under the leadership of Raja Anup Singh of Ramnagar Dhameri, the Janwar of Balrampur, the Bisens of Gonda, and numerous other lords. The forces assembled for an attack on Lucknow, whose troops had gone into Rohilkhand. The Shekhzadas of Lucknow came out to meet the enemy, joined by the Khanziidas of Mahmudabad and Bilahra, who were connected with them by marriage.[3]

The Musalmans, headed by Nawab Muizz-ud-din Khan of Mahmudabad, were victorious in battle at Chheola Ghat on the Kalyani, on the road to Lucknow. The Balrampur raja was killed and some 15,000 were killed or wounded on both sides. The Khanzadas then rose to power. The Raikwars were proportionately depressed; the estates of both Baundi and Ramnagar were divided, and but a few villages left with the raja. The process of agglomeration commenced again c. 1816, on the death of Saadat Ali Khan II. In 1856, the Ramnagar raja had recovered the family estate and added to it, while his brother of Baundi had similarly added 172 villages to his domain.[3]

There were a total forty-three taluqa. The principal chiefs of Bara Banki during the last years of Nawabi were:[3]

  • Taluqa of Jahangirabad Raj – The taluqdar was a Qidwai, Raja Farzand Ali Khan. He inherited the property through marriage to the daughter of Raja Razzak Baksh Khan. Farzand Ali Khan was the inspector in charge of the Sikandarbagh at Lucknow. On one occasion of the last king of Awadh visiting the garden, he was struck with the appearance of this young man, and presenting him with a khilat, directed him to attend at the palace., With such a signal mark of the royal favour, Farzand Ali Khan's advancement was rapid, and, under the interest of the influential eunuch, Bashir-ud-daula, he obtained a farman designating him the Raja of Jahangirabad. This taluqdar followed the deposed king to Calcutta and was there during the mutinies. Raja Farzand Ali Khan was very intelligent and well able to manage his estate with prudence and circumspection., he was the son of Raja Lutf Ali Khan of Maila Raiganj, Nawabganj, Barabanki.
  • Taluqa of Ramnagar – The large property of 253 villages belonged to Raja Sarabjit Singh. The raja was the head of the Raikwar clan, which immigrated to Oudh from the hill country of Kashmir c. 1400.
  • Taluqa of Haraha – Owned by Raja Narindr Bahadur, the head of the Surajbans Thakurs. He was the son of Raja Chbatarpat Singh, and both were afflicted with mental incapacity. The estate consisted of sixty-six villages and paid a revenue of ₹55,000. Certain members of the Raja's family held the estates of Ranimau Qiampur in a separate qubuliat[clarification needed] in the Nawabi, and thus escaped being placed under the taluqdar's sanad.[clarification needed]
  • Taluqa of Surajpur – This estate comprised fifty-six villages. The proprietor was Udatt Partab Singh, the head of Bahrelia. He was mentally and physically unfit to manage his estate, but so long as his maternal grandfather, Udatt Narain, lived there was no fear of under-proprietors, tenants or patwaris defrauding the family.[citation needed]
  • The late Raja Singji was a formidable and violent landholder until he was attacked by Maharaja Man Singh with Captain Orr of the British company's frontier police. They killed almost 70 of his inmate robbers. He was captured and taken prisoner to Lucknow, where he died in jail. Many of his inmate robbers escaped and migrated to neighbouring districts. It was mainly owing to the bad example set by Singji that the Daryabad district was so turbulent under the native government, that amils and chaklas were to use a native expression unable to breathe in it (Nak Mein Dam Karta Tha).[relevant?]
  • Taluqa of Barai – Chaudhri Ghulam Farid, a Siddiqi Shekh, was the largest landholder of the Rudauli tahsil. He owned thirty-nine villages. In the settlement at annexation, he gave half of the estate to the children of his cousin, Mumtaz Ahmad.
  • Taluqas of Rudauli and parganas of Bhitauli, Daryabad and Surajpur were other important settlements.[3]

Few other later important taluqas were:

  • Taluqa of Usmanpur – Founded by Raja Kaunsal Singh, who obtained the estate for military service under the Mughal Emperor Humayun. His son Lakhan Singh converted to Islam, and took the name Lakhu Khan.[16]
  • Taluqas of Satrikh – This estate comprised 85 villages. It had been ruled by the Chaudharys, descendants of the original Usmanis who immigrated to Oudh in the early part of the millennium. They were dispossessed for resistance to the British during the 1857 rebellion, and Satrikh estate was ruled by Taluqdar Qazi Template:A.k.a. Kazi Ikram Ahmad.

Rebellion of 1857[edit | edit source]

Unlike what occurred in the districts of Hardoi, Gonda, and Lucknow, the whole body of the taluqdars in this district joined the cause of the deposed king and the mutineers. They offered no resistance, however, of any moment to the advance of the British troops after the capture of Lucknow in the battle of Nawabganj.[3]

British Raj (1858–1947)[edit | edit source]

The Sadr station (district headquarters) was placed at annexation and also after the mutinies at Daryabad. However, due to the stagnation of water in the immediate vicinity of the town, and to the prevalence of fever, the headquarters was moved in 1859 to Nawabganj, Bara Banki.[17]

During 1869 census of Oudh, thirteen large towns or kasbahs were identified in the district:[18] Nawabgunj, Musauli, Rasauli, Satrikh, Zaidpur, Sidhaur, Dariabad, Ichaulia, Rudauli, Ram Nagar, Bado Sarai, Kintoor and Fatehpur. The census also noted the following were tahsils and parganas:

Tahsil Pargana
Nawaba Ganj Nawabganj
Patabganj
Satrikh
Sidhaur
Ram Nagar Ramnagar
Bhitouli
Bado Sarai
Fatehpur
Mohammedpur
Sani Ghat Dariabad
Surajpur
Mawai Mahulara
Barsorhi

In 1870, before the addition of two parganas from Lucknow (i.e. Kursi & Dewa) and one pargana each from Rae Bareli and Sultanpur (i.e. Haidergarh and Subeha, respectively), Bara Banki district had area of 3,330 km2 (1,285 sq mi) and had following subdivisions:[17][page needed]

Tahsil
(subdistrict) 		Pargana No. of Villages Area Major Talukas & Talukdars
sq miles km2 acres
Nawabaganj Nawabganj 77 78.9 204.3 50,484 I.— Jehangirabad, Raja Farzand Ali Khan
II.— Sohailpur Bhanmau, Mir Buniad Husen and Amjad Husen.
III.— Satrikh, Kazi Sarfraz Ali.
IV.— Simrawan, Bissein Thakur Sheo Sahai.
V.— Shahpur, Ghulam Abbas and Mahomed Amir.
VI.— Gaddia, Shekh Zainulabdin.
VII.— Usmanpur, Thakurain Zahur-un-nissa.
Partabganj 54 56.0 145.0 35,834
Satrikh 43 45.9 118.8 29,358
Siddhaur 224 141.2 365.7 90,377
Daryabad-Rudauli
(later named to Ram Sanehi Ghat) 		Daryabad 241 214.0 554.1 136,931 I.— Surajpur Raja Udatpertab Singh, Burhelia Thakur.
II.— Haraha, Raja Narindur Bahadur, Surajbans Thakur.
III.— Kamiar, Shere Bahadur, Kalhans Thakur.
IV.— Rampur, Rai Ibram Bali, Kaisth.
V.— Saidanpur, Latafat-ullah and Inayat-ullah.
VI.— Nirauli, Chaudhri Husen Baksh.
VII.— Amirpur, Inayat Rassul.
VIII.— Purai, Mahomed Abid.
IX.- Daryabad, Rai Rajeshwar Bali.
Surajpur 107 96.3 249.5 61,645
Rudauli 196 172.7 447.4 110,553
Mawai 51 71.0 184.0 45,469
Barsorhi 44 34.3 88.9 21,958
Ramnagar Ramnagar 168 112.1 290.4 71,756 I.— Ramnagar, Raja Sarabjit Singh, Raikwar Thakur.
II.— Bilheri, Raja Ibad Ali.
III.— Mahmudabad, Raja Amir Hussan Khan.
IV.— Bhatwamau, Badshah Husen Khanzada.
V.— Muhammadpur, Ganga Singh, Raikwar.
Fatehpur 251 154.0 398.7 98,532
Muhammadpur 83 61.8 160.1 39,568
Bado Sarai 56 47.7 123.6 30,541
Total 1,595 504.7 1,307.2 323,011

In 1871 about half the district was held by 43 talukdars; there were also 5,397 village zemindars (landowners), and 1,354 under-proprietors. The talukas were as follows:[17][page needed]

Name of Taluka Name of Talukdar No. of Villages Area
sq miles km2 acres
Ramnagar Raja Sarabjit Singh 358 169.2 438.2 108,286
Huraha Raja Nurindur Bahadur Singh 66 46.8 121.2 29,960
Bhanmau Mir Umjad Hosein 10 8.2 21.2 5,233
Jehagerabad Raja Farzand Ali Khan 72 35.5 92.1 22,751
Surajpur Raja Talaywand Koer 64 56.9 147.3 36,388
Mahmudabad Raja Amir Hassan Khan 89 44.8 116.1 28,680
Man Singh Maharaja Man Singh 16 20.3 52.6 13,009
Malaraiganj Nawab Ali Khan 11 5.1 13.1 3,235
Shahabpur Mahomed Amir and Gholam Abbas 8 5.6 14.5 3,578
Simrawan Thakur Sheosahai 8 6.5 16.9 4,188
Sohailpur Mir Umjad Hosein 8 3.8 9.9 2,458
Ushdamow Panday Bahadur Singh 16 5.8 14.9 3,684
Usmanpur Thakur Roushan Zama Khan 25 11.4 29.6 7,325
Kharkha Mahomed Hosein 10 7.2 18.6 4,593
Guddia Shaikh Zainulabdin 12 3.0 7.8 1,933
Satrikh Kazi Ikram Ahmed 85 14.7 38.1 9,420
Gootiah Hakim Kurrum Ali 13 8.7 22.5 5,549
Subeha Surfaraz Ahmed 1 0.9 2.3 564
Sulaunpur Nawab Ali Khan 6 6.1 15.8 3,892
Kotwa Abid Ali 1 0.5 1.3 331
Motree Bhugwant singh 1 1.6 4.2 1,040
Tribadiganj Raja Thakurpershad Tribadi 2 1.3 3.3 813
Lillowly Buxshee Harpershad 11 3.9 10.2 2,510
Nurhowl Shaik Boo Ali 3 2.3 5.9 1,465
Mirpur Nusserudeen 4 3.8 9.8 2,416
Baytowly Maharaja Runbir Singh 5 5.5 14.3 3,535
Rampur Thakur Gooman Singh 1 0.6 1.4 357
Jubrahpur Thakur Ruder Pratab Singh 2 1.1 2.8 700
Bilharrah Raja Ibad Ali Khan 41 24.7 64.1 15,838
Muhammadpur Thakur Ganga Singh 26 7.8 20.2 4,981
Bhatwamau Badsha Hasan Khan 23 13.2 34.2 8,459
Rampur Rai Ibram Balli 35 21.2 54.9 13,571
Kumyar Shere Bahadur 10 21.0 54.3 13,430
Sydanpur Latafat-ul-lah and Mayet-ul-lah 13 8.5 22.0 5,428
Pushka Naipal Singh 4 3.3 8.6 2,129
Raneemau Outar Singh 14 8.9 23.0 5,687
Nurrowly Chaudhri Razah Husain 45 36.2 93.7 23,157
Barrai Chaudhri Gholam Farid and Mahboob-ul-Rahamn 46 25.1 64.9 16,039
Purai Meer mahomaed Abid 14 10.5 27.2 6,722
Amirpur Chaudhri Ishan Russul 13 7.1 18.4 4,557
Burrowly Chaudhri Wazeer Ali 25 6.0 15.7 3,871
Nearah Shere Khan 13 4.7 12.1 2,993
Retch Raghunath Singh 1 3.4 8.8 2,183
Total 1,158 682.1 1,766.8 436,574

In 1877, Barabanki was one of the three districts of the then Lucknow division.[19] Its area was 4,580 km2 (1,768 sq mi) and population was 1,113,430.

As per 1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh there were:[3]

  • Four tehsils:
    • Nawabganj
    • Ram Sanehi Ghat
    • Fatehpur
    • Haidergarh
  • Nine thanas:
    • Nawabganj
    • Zaidpur
    • Tikaitnagar
    • Sanehi Ghat
    • Bhilsar
    • Fatehpur
    • Kursi
    • Ramnagar
    • Haidergarh
  • Courts, following were officers with civil, criminal and revenue powers:
    • a deputy commissioner
    • two assistant commissioner
    • three extra assistant commissioner
    • four tehsildars
    • four honorary magistrates

Independence movement[edit | edit source]

In the struggle for independence from 1922 to 1934 during the Khilafat movement, the district participated in the growing movement against foreign fabrics, etc.[20] On 26 October 1942, Brij Bahadur and Hans Raj (Template:A.k.a. Sardar) planted a bomb in a police outpost at Barabanki, known as Barabanki Outpost Bomb Case.[21]

Geography[edit | edit source]

Barabanki district is for the most part flat agricultural lands studded with groves. The most elevated point is about 130 metres (430 ft) above sea level, and there are few points of view from which any expanse of the countryside can be surveyed. In the north, the topography is broken by a 6.1-metre (20 ft) ridge running parallel to the Ghaghra at a distance of 1.6 to 4.8 km (1 to 3 mi), which is said to indicate the former right bank of this river. These lands are undulating and richly wooded, while to the south there is a gentle slope down to the Gomti. The district is intersected at various parts by rugged ravines.[3]

Rivers and waters[edit | edit source]

Ghaghra[edit | edit source]

The principal river in the district is the Ghaghra at a short distance from Bahramghat; it is formed by the Himalaya-fed rivers Chauka and Sarda, which meet in the Fatehpur tehsil. It is 2.4 to 3.2 km (1.5 to 2 mi) wide in the rainy season and about 0.80 km (0.5 mi) wide during the dry season, when the discharge is about 19,000 cubic feet per second (540 m3/s). For 77 km (48 mi), the river divides the Barabanki district from the districts of Bahraich and Gonda. It flows in a south-easterly direction past Ayodhya, and empties into the Ganges at Arrah. This river is navigable for flat-bottomed steamers as far as Bahramghat, and is used by country boats in considerable numbers between Bahramghat and Sarun district. The principal ferries are at Kaithi, Kamiar, and Paska Ghat; a floating bridge operates at Bahramghat during the cold season. The river's flood plains generally have fine crops of rice, but the water sometimes lies too long after the rains and rots them, and the spring crops cannot be sown. The river is not utilised for irrigation.[3]

Gomti[edit | edit source]

Next in importance is the Gomti, which runs through the tahsil of Haidargarh and some portion of the tehsil Ram Sanehi Ghat, and separates the Bara Banki district from the districts of Lucknow, Sultanpur and Faizabad. Like the Ghagra, it runs in a south-easterly direction, has a well-defined bank and a stream which is fordable in the dry weather, when it is about 37 m (120 ft) wide. The circuitous course of the Gomti covers 169 km (105 mi) though the direct distance is half that distance. It is therefore not very efficient for transportation, though there is considerable traffic by country boats. Its dry weather discharge is 14 cubic metres per second (500 cu ft/s). Its water is at a lower level than the Ghagra, and it is not used for irrigation. At the junction of the Kalyani, the Ghagra is only 92 metres (301 ft) above sea level.[3]

Kalyani[edit | edit source]

The Kalyani River rises in the Fatehpur tahsil, and empties into the Gomti near the village of Anarpatti.[3] In the rains of 1872, the Kalyani presented a vast volume of water – 82 metres (269 ft) broad and 103 metres (337 ft) deep – rushing at 9.24 km/h (5.74 mph) with a discharge of 1,459 cubic metres per second (51,540 cu ft/s). In typical monsoons, the maximum discharge is about three-quarters of this.[3] The river is crossed by a railway bridge with six spans of 18 metres (60 ft).[3]

Jamuriha and Reth[edit | edit source]

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View of Jamuriya Nala (a brook) from Railway Station Road Bridge, Barabanki. This brook flows through Barabanki city, dividing it in half.
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
View of Reth river in Barabanki city as seen from railway bridge crossing over it.

The Jamuriha and Reth, both in the Nawabganj tehsil, are the only other notable streams in this district. Their general characteristics are the same: they have significant flows during rains which have carved steep and rugged banks broken by innumerable ravines. They flow into the Gomti. Haidergarh, Deviganj, Choury and Alapur are settlements on the Reth, while Jamuriha passes through Barabanki city (Barabanki revenue village on one side and Nawabganj Tehsil hq on other).[3]

Tanks, jheels and wetlands[edit | edit source]

There are numerous tanks and jheels,[clarification needed] especially in the tehsils of Daryabad, Ram Sanehi Ghat, and Nawabganj. Seven per cent of the area is covered with water; many of the tanks are in course of being deepened, earth is removed to replenishing cultivated land, though such efforts are complicated by conflicting rights to the tanks. Some of the jheels are navigable by small boats for sport or pleasure. The finest jheel in this district,[according to whom?] that named Bhagghar, is situated in the Suratganj; it covers less than 5.2 km2 (2 sq mi) There is another in Dewa, covering about 13 km2 (5 sq mi) with water and marsh. Parva, Nardahi, and Ganhari Jheel are the major wetlands.[3]

The Gomti-Kalyani doab[edit | edit source]

This doab is a fertile area of about 146,526 ha (362,070 acres). It is bounded by the Kalyani river to the north, the Gomti river and its tributary to the south, the Sarda Sahayak feeder channel to the west, and the confluence of the Gomti and Kalyani rivers to the east.[22][23]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19011,025,624—    
1911942,608−0.84%
1921895,722−0.51%
1931925,401+0.33%
19411,011,287+0.89%
19511,099,754+0.84%
19611,234,931+1.17%
19711,424,536+1.44%
19811,740,799+2.03%
19912,112,782+1.96%
20012,673,581+2.38%
20113,260,699+2.01%
source:[24]

According to the 2011 census, Barabanki district had a population of 3,260,699.[1] It then ranked 107th out of India's 640 districts).[1] The district had a population density of 740 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,900/sq mi).[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 26.40%.[1] Barabanki had a sex ratio of 887 females for every 1,000 males,[1] and a literacy rate of 61.75%.[1] Only 10.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 26.51% of the population.[1]

Religion[edit | edit source]

Religions in Barabanki district (2011)[25]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 76.84%
Islam
 
 22.61%
Other or not stated
 
 0.55%
Distribution of religions

Hinduism is the largest religion. Islam is a large minority, and is in equal proportions with Hinduism in urban areas.

Languages[edit | edit source]

Languages of Barabanki district (2011)[26]

  Hindi (91.54%)
  Urdu (6.16%)
  Awadhi (2.11%)
  Others (0.19%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 91.54% of the district population spoke Hindi (or a related language), 6.16% Urdu and 2.11% Awadhi as their first language.[26]

One of the many languages spoken in the district is Awadhi, a vernacular in the Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region of India.[27]

Government and politics[edit | edit source]

Administration and divisions[edit | edit source]

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Office of District Magistrate/Collector
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Barabanki Head Post Office
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Barabanki Kotwaali

Barabanki is one of the five constituent districts of Faizabad Division. The other districts being Ayodhya, Sultanpur, Amethi and Ambedkar Nagar. The division is headed by the divisional commissioner.

As of 2003–04, the district contained 7 tehsils, 17 blocks, 154 nyaya panchayat and 1,140 gram sabhas.[28]

As per 1991 data, there were 1,812 inhabited villages and 31 inhabited villages.[clarification needed] In 2001, there were 14 towns and cities, 2 nagar palika parishads, 1 cantonment area, 10 nagar panchayats and 1 census town.[28]

Land administration[edit | edit source]

Barabanki District is divided into six subdivisions, popularly known as tehsils: Nawabganj, Fatehpur, Ramsanehi Ghat, Haidergarh, Ram Nagar and Sirauli Ghauspur. The District Revenue Administration is headed by the District Collector (also known as District Magistrate), with the office at the collectorate, and these tehsils are under the charge of sub-divisional magistrates.

Development[edit | edit source]

District-level developmental activities are coordinated by the Chief Development Officer whose office is at the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) at the collectorate. The district-level offices for monitoring the developmental activities of Blocks at Barabanki are located at Vikas Bhawan.[clarification needed] Block development officers, who head each of the 15 development blocks of the district, carry out the development schemes on behalf of the government. The development blocks are: Banki, Masauli, Dewa, Harakh, Fatehpur, Haidergarh, Dariyabad, Suratganj, Siddhaur, Pure Dalai, Nindura, Trivediganj, Ram Nagar, Sirauli Ghauspur and Banikodar.

Law and order[edit | edit source]

The law and order administration is jointly coordinated by the District Magistrate and the Superintendent of Police. The district is subdivided into 22 police stations (thanas), each of which is headed by an inspector or sub-inspector of police. 12 police stations are rural and 9 are rural.[clarification needed][28] These police stations are: Haidergarh, Satrikh, Dariyabad, Baddupur, Dewa, Kursi, Zaidpur, Mohammadpur, Ram Nagar, Fatehpur, Safderganj, Kotwali, Ramsanehi Ghat, Asandra, Subeha, Tikait Nagar, Lonikatra, Masauli, Kothi, Ghungter, Badosarai and Jahangirabad.

Urban[edit | edit source]

The district has 14 urban administrative bodies for its towns, which are:

  • Nawabganj Nagar Parishad for Barabanki Town
  • Fatehpur Nagar Panchayat for Fatehpur Town Area
  • Zaidpur Nagar Panchayat for Zaidpur Town Area
  • Dariyabad Nagar Panchaya for Dariyabad Town Area
  • Ramnagar Nagar Panchayat for Ramnagar Town Area
  • Satrikh Nagar Panchayat for Satrikh Town Area
  • Haidergarh Nagar Panchayat for Haidergarh Town Area
  • Dewa Nagar Panchayat for Dewa Town Area
  • Siddhaur Nagar Panchayat for Siddhaur Town Area
  • Tikaitnagar Nagar Panchayat for Tikaitnagar Town Area
  • Rudauli Nagar Parishad for Rudauli Town
  • Banki Nagar Panchayat for Banki Town Area
  • Cantonment Board for Cantonment Area in Barabanki
  • Rampur Bhavanipur Census Town
  • Subeha Nagar panchayat for Subeha town (effective 2008)

Electoral[edit | edit source]

Parliament and state assembly[edit | edit source]

Barabanki district has seven state-assembly constituencies which fall under two parliamentary constituencies. They are:

No. No of Assembly Constituency Name of Assembly Constituency Assembly Constituency Reservation Status Total Booths in Assembly Constituency Net Voters in Assembly Constituency No of Parliamentary Constituency Name of Parliamentary Constituency Parliamentary Constituency Reservation Status Net Voters in Parliamentary Constituency Ref
1 266 Kursi General 343 295030 53 Barabanki Scheduled castes (SC) 1,435,692 [29]
2 267 Ram Nagar General 323 260,400 [30]
3 268 Barabanki General 322 289,765 [31]
4 269 Zaidpur SC 359 302,189 [32]
5 272 Haidergarh SC 327 288308 [33]
6 270 Dariyabad General 337 304,073 54 Faizabad (partial) General 150,6120 [34]
7 271 Rudauli (partial) General 304 282,890 [35]
State assembly[edit | edit source]

Sitting MLAs (As of 2026):[36]

  • Sakendra Pratap Verma, 266-Kursi, BJP
  • Fareed Mehfooz Kidwai, 267-Ramnagar, SP
  • Dharamraj Singh Yadav, 268-Barabanki, SP
  • Gaurav Kumar Rawat, 269-Zaidpur, SP
  • Dinesh Rawat, 272-Haidergarh, BJP
  • Satish Chandra Sharma, 270-Dariyabad, BJP
State council[edit | edit source]

Barabanki district sends two members to state-council. Sitting members are:[36]

  1. Rajesh Yadav "Raju"
  2. Ram Naresh Rawat

Basic amenities[edit | edit source]

Following is the list of public amenities (1999–2002 data):[28]

Communication services[edit | edit source]

  • Urban Post Office 26
  • Rural Post Office 339
  • Telegraph Office 19
  • Telephone Connections 25691

Public distribution system[edit | edit source]

  • Rural fair-price shops 1094
  • Urban fair-price shops 118
  • Bio-gas plants 4645
  • Cold storage 16

Electricity[edit | edit source]

  • Total electrified villages 1103
  • Total electrified towns/cities 13
  • Electrified Schedule Caste localities 1149

Water supply[edit | edit source]

Area covered under water supply using taps/ handpumps of India Mark-2:

  • Village 1812
  • Towns/city 14

Economy[edit | edit source]

The district's economy is primarily based on agriculture.[37] Agriculture, bio-gas plants, animal husbandry, and small-scale industries provide direct and indirect employment.[38][39]

Agriculture[edit | edit source]

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Farmer with bullock cart

In Barabanki the net irrigated area is 84.2% (compared to the Uttar Pradesh average of 79%). The intensity[clarification needed] of irrigation in Barabanki is 176.9% (compared to the state average of 140%). Most of irrigation in Barabanki is done through private tube wells (69%) and canals (30%).

Subsistence agriculture is practised in Barabanki, with up to five crops rotated per year.[40] The dominant crops are cereals (occupying 68.4 per cent of cropped areas), mainly paddy (rice) (34.4%) and wheat (31.3%). Other crops include pulses (10.1%) and sugarcane 3.6%), and potatoes[41] (2.8%). Wheat, rice and maize are chief food crops of the district.[42][43] Opium, menthol oil, sugarcane, fruits (mango, banana, etc.), vegetables (potato, tomato, mushroom, etc.), flowers (gladiolus, etc.), spices, etc. are the chief cash crops[44][45][46][47][48][49] for export.[50] Barabanki has been major hub of opium production since British rule; the district opium officer, based at Afeem Kothi, is the only one in the state.[51]

Barabanki leads the country in menthol farming, with 81 km2 (20,000 acres) under cultivation.[50][52]

Apart from crop farming, livestock-based farming,[53] broiler farming,[47] and fish cultivation is also prevalent in the district.[47] Bee keeping is practised in the Dewa block of the district.[38][47]

The district is home to a Regional Agriculture Seed Testing & Demonstration Station of the federal Department of Agriculture.[54] In 2004, a Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK, agricultural science centre) was established in the district under Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology.[55] The Institute for Integrated Society Development established a Rural Technology Development and Dissemination Centre in 2002 at Nindura Block of Barabanki District.[38] National Fertilizers Limited has established a Soil Testing Lab in the district.[56] Information and Communication Technologies has a centre in the district.[57]

Cottage industry[edit | edit source]

Weaving products including scarfs, shawls and stoles, some of which are exported.[60][61] These products are broadly categorised as rayon fibre or cotton yarn. Barabanki scarves were displayed at a national handloom expo.[62][relevant?] Barabanki has also emerged as a handkerchief production hub.[63]
Zardozi- In 2013 the Geographical Indication Registry (GIR) accorded the Geographical Indication (GI) registration to the Lucknow Zardozi – the world-renowned textile embroidery from Lucknow. The Zardozi products manufactured in areas in Lucknow and six surrounding districts of Barabanki, Unnao, Sitapur, Rae Bareli, Hardoi and Amethi became a brand and can carry a registered logo to confirm their authenticity.[64][relevant?]

Industry[edit | edit source]

There are six industrial areas in the District Barabanki,[65]

  • UPSIDC Agro Park, Kursi Road, Barabanki[66]
  • Industrial Area, Dewa Road, Barabanki
  • Industrial Area, Rasool Panah, Fatehpur, Barabanki
  • Mini Industrial Area, Ismailpur, Dewa, Barabanki
  • Mini Industrial Area Amarsanda, Barabanki
  • Mini Industrial Area Sohilpur, Harkh, Barabanki

The companies and factories include:

The Company is engaged in manufacturing of polyester staple fibre, polyester, and tow with technology from Du Pont, US.
  • U.P. State Spinning Mill, Barabanki
  • U.P. State Sugar Corp. Ltd., Barabanki
  • DSM Sugar, Rauzagaon, Barabanki, U.P.[69]
  • Hally Industries pvt. Ltd., Barabanki – supplies welding electrodes and owns a wire-drawing unit and a rice mill
  • J.R. Agro Industries Limited[70][71] – operates a solvent extraction plant and a vegetable oil refinery.
  • J.R. Organics Ltd. (formally Somaiya Organics Ltd.)
  • Bharat Rubber Industries – supplies rubber and rubber-related products/[72]
  • Shree Shyam Industries, Tehsil Fatehpur

Solar power plant[edit | edit source]

The first 2 megawatt-capacity solar power plant project of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Sandauli village of Barabanki district, it was inaugurated on 10 May 2012 and become operational in January 2013.[73][74] The plant was set up by Technical Associates Ltd.[75]

Culture[edit | edit source]

Cultural heritage[edit | edit source]

In 2011–12 almost 2 million people visited the twin sites of Lodheshwar Mahadev Mandir and Deva Sharif shrine.[76]

Notable people[edit | edit source]

Transport[edit | edit source]

Road transport[edit | edit source]

National Highway 28 (NH-28) passes through the district. It is well connected to other cities by means of roadways. Passenger road transport services in Uttar Pradesh started in 1947 with the operation of bus service on the Lucknow–Barabanki route by UP Government Roadways.[98]

  • Bus Station/Bus Stop 93

Railway[edit | edit source]

Main article: Barabanki Junction railway station

Both the Northern Railway and the North Eastern Railway pass through Barabanki district, with a total of 131 km (81 mi) of broad-gauge line and 19 stations.

Education[edit | edit source]

Schools and intermediate colleges[edit | edit source]

Engineering colleges[edit | edit source]

Polytechnic institute[edit | edit source]

Other professional institutions[edit | edit source]

Research institutions[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "District Census Handbook: Barabanki" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  2. ↑ "District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh | Land of Dewa and Mahadeva | India". Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh. BARA BANKI DISTRICT ARTICLE #226-263. 1877. p. 255.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bara Banki". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 379.
  5. ↑ "Geography | District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". barabanki.nic.in/. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  6. ↑ "District Statistics". Barabanki.nic.in. 1 April 1954. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Nevill, H.R. (1903). Bara Banki: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVIII Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh. Allahabad: Government Press. pp. 125–8, 162–3. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  8. ↑ Oudh, William Charles Benett (1878). Gazetteer of the province of Oudh. Printed at the Oudh Government Press. p. 34. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Henry Crossley Irwin (October 2009). The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-115-53816-9.
  10. ↑ Wickens, Gerald E.; Pat Lowe (2008). The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-4020-6430-2.
  11. ↑ Kameshwar, G. (2006). Bend in the Sarayu: A Soota Chronicle. Rupa & Co. p. 159. ISBN 978-81-291-0942-2.
  12. ↑ Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Bara Banki. Government of Uttar Pradesh. 1993. p. 21. OCLC 7625267.
  13. ↑ George Smith (1882). The Geography of British India, Political & Physical. John Murray. p. 185.
  14. ↑ "barabanki.nic.in, History, ORIGIN OF NAME OF DISTRICT". Barabanki.nic.in. Archived from the original on 21 April 2001. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  15. ↑ Oudh (India) (1878). Gazetteer of the Province of Oudh ...: N-Z. Printed at the Oudh Government Press.
  16. ↑ "History of Bisen Khanzada Community in Awadh region". 18 October 2018.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Report of the regular settlement of the Bara Banki district By Francis Edward A. Chamier, Settlement Officer, Bara Banki, 18 January 1871 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ↑ Williams, J. Charles (1869). "Appendix B". The report on the census of OUDH], Volume II, Appendices and Statistical Tables. Oudh Government Press. p. v. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. ↑ Irwin, Henry Crossley (October 2009). The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-115-53816-9.
  20. ↑ "छोटे-बड़े आंदोलनों में सहभागी बने थे बाराबंकीवासी (Hindi)". Dainik Jagran. 13 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  21. ↑ Rakesh Ranjan Bakshi (1992). Quit India movement in U.P.: sabotage, bomb, and conspiracy cases. NP Publishers. p. 45. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
  22. ↑ "Restoration Plan of Gomti River with Designated Best Use Classification of Surface Water Quality based on River Expedition, Monitoring and Quality Assessment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  23. ↑ Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy Approach, XXXII National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008
  24. ↑ "Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901". Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  25. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  27. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Awadhi: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 "District Barabanki". Whereincity.com. 7 April 1905. Archived from the original on 12 September 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  29. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's, PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 266-Kursi". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  30. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's, PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 267-Ram Nagar". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  31. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's, PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 268-Barabanki". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  32. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's, PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 269-Zaidpur". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  33. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's, PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 272-Haidergarh". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  34. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's, PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 270-Dariyabad". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  35. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's, PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 271-Rudauli". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Political Scene of the district". Barabanki.nic.in. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  37. ↑ "Introduction BARABANKI DISTRICT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 "Rural Development". Iisdindia.org. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  39. ↑ "Success story of a project implemented in 4 blocks of Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. India for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011.
  40. ↑ A Full Round Meal, Outlook India, Business/Cover Stories, 13 April 2009
  41. ↑ "Potato glut, price slump lead to losses for UP farmers". Hindustan Times. 6 March 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  42. ↑ "Use of mint essential oil as an agrichemical: Control of N-loss in crop fields by using mint essential oil-coated urea as fertilizer" (PDF). 10 October 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2006. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  43. ↑ "Sub-programme on Maize-based Cropping Systems for Food Security in India under GOI-UNDP Food Security Programme". Archived from the original on 7 August 2008.
  44. ↑ UP district to emerge as menthol oil hub, 8 September 2008, 5:41 IST
  45. ↑ Low Returns And A Rigid Govt Policy Alienating Opium Farmers Of Barabanki, TNN, 26 July 2010, 05.18 am IST
  46. ↑ STATEMENT OF AEZ NODAL OFFICERS (UPDATED) Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 "List of Progressive/Innovative Farmers of Zone-IV, Kanpur" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
  48. ↑ IISR Newsletter Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SUGARCANE RESEARCH, LUCKNOW, Vol. 16 No. 2, JULY 2009
  49. ↑ Traditionally a Potato growing area becomes a new leaf for Gen. Nxt. "BANANA CROP" Archived 22 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, SPSingh, Ghaziabad: 15 November 2009
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Srivastava, R.K.; Singh, A.K.; Kalra, A.; Tomar, V.K.S.; Bansal, R.P.; Patra, D.D.; Chand, S.; Naqvi, A.A.; Sharma, S.; Kumar, Sushil (2002), "Characteristics of menthol mint Mentha arvensis cultivated on industrial scale in the Indo-Gangetic plains", Industrial Crops and Products, 15 (3): 189–198, doi:10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00113-3
  51. ↑ "Mindless rule dues up UP's sea of poppies | Lucknow News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  52. ↑ "ficciagroindia.com". www.ficciagroindia.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  53. ↑ "Holistic Approach for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.
  54. ↑ "Seed Testing Labs in India". seednet.gov.in. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  55. ↑ Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand - Krishi Vigyan Kendra[permanent dead link]
  56. ↑ "National Fertilizers Limited". www.nationalfertilizers.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  57. ↑ "Server Error" (PDF). info.worldbank.org. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  58. ↑ "Recommendation of the Project Sanctioning Committee (PSC) on the Project Proposals Considered in the Meeting Held on 22-24 December 2009 Under Step Scheme" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  59. ↑ "Pashmina Shawls Manufacturers, Exporter of Pashmina Shawls, Pure Pashmina Shawls Suppliers, India". www.barabankihandloom.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  60. ↑ "Bulletin: Some new designs of handloom clusters..." (PDF). National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (An Organisation of the Ministry of MSME, Government of India). 8 (3). March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2009.
  61. ↑ Manzar, Osama (13 April 2016). "The weavers of Barabanki".
  62. ↑ "National handloom expo to open Saturday". Indian Express. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  63. ↑ "Handkerchief business generating employment in Uttar Pradesh". Sify. 27 December 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  64. ↑ "Lucknow zardozi gets GI registration". The Business Standard. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  65. ↑ MSME-DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE, KANPUR. "Brief Industrial Profile of Barabanki District" (PDF). Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  66. ↑ "Agro Parks". upsidc.com. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  67. ↑ "emt-india.net" (PDF). www.emt-india.net.
  68. ↑ "emt-india.net" (PDF). www.emt-india.net. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  69. ↑ Annual Report 1999-2000 Archived 1 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Department of Science and Technology, GOI
  70. ↑ "Untitled". www.jragro.com. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  71. ↑ "Untitled". www.jragro.com. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  72. ↑ "TQ VISION :: SA8000 ISO Certification Consultants for ISO 9001:2015 Quality, SEDEX, C-TPAT, ISO 14001, HACCP, ISO 22000, CE Mark, IRIS Railway, ISO 21001, ISO 45001, ISO 50001, ISO 55000, ISO 27001 ISMS, BIFMA, ISO 20000, BSCI, ISO 22301, Kosher, ISO 13485, Delhi India, ISO Audit Agency, ISO 31000 Risk". www.tqvision.com. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  73. ↑ "First 2 MW solar power plant of Uttar Pradesh switched on". The Times of India. 11 May 2012. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  74. ↑ Bisht, Arvind Singh (13 February 2013). "Next big move in UP, energy from the sun". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  75. ↑ Mishra, Ashish (31 January 2012). "At three-day industry meet in Agra, Akhilesh hard sells UP to prospective investors with sops and six new policies". India Today. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  76. ↑ "Lucknow low on agenda of tourists visiting UP | Lucknow News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 "Personalities". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
  78. ↑ "Atul wins bronze, creates history". The Hindu. Kolkata. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014. Atul Verma won India its first Olympic archery medal – a bronze – at the Youth Olympic Games at Nanjing on Tuesday. The boy from Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) ...
  79. ↑ "Pluralism to Separatism Qasbas in Colonial Awadh", Mushirul Hasan - Oxford University Press
  80. ↑ Sheikh Hussainuddin, (1937). Tazkira-e-Fani, the life and times of Shah Abdur Razzaq, "Al-Maktaba-e-Monamia".
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859 Archived 13 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine, by J. R. I. Cole, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford
  82. ↑ Sacred Space and Holy War The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine by Juan Cole, I.B.Tauris Publishers, London · New York
  83. ↑ قم, شرکت تعاونی ناشران و کتابفروشان استان. "شرکت تعاونی ناشران و کتابفروشان استان قم". فروشگاه اینترنتی کتاب قم. Retrieved 4 February 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Islam, politics, and social movements By Edmund Burke, Ervand Abrahamian, Ira M. Lapidus
  85. ↑ Leader of Heaven Archived 3 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine #18
  86. ↑ "'Abaqat al-Anwar". 4 November 2013.
  87. ↑ Ghadeer-E-Khum Where the Religion was Brought to Perfection By I.H. Najafi, Published by a Group of Muslim Brothers, Tehran, Iran.
  88. ↑ "Personalities: Literary". The Official Website of Barabanki. Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India; Barabanki-225001. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  89. ↑ "Early History". www.shibliacademy.org. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  90. ↑ "#1" (PDF). Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  91. ↑ From Khomein, A biography of the Ayatollah, 14 June 1999, The Iranian
  92. ↑ The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir
  93. ↑ Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999 By Baqer Moin
  94. ↑ Hasan, Mushirul (1 May 2006). The Nehrus: Personal Histories. Mercury Books. ISBN 1845600193.
  95. ↑ Kumar, Girja (1997). "Mushirul Hasan: victim of academic politics". The book on trial: fundamentalism and censorship in India. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 253–272. ISBN 978-81-241-0525-2.
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  98. ↑ "UPSRTC". Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2009. UPSRTC History
  99. ↑ Singh, Neelam; Pathak, M. D.; Zaidi, Najam W.; Singh, H. N.; Srivastava, P. C.; Singh, U. S. (2007). "Natural Biodiversity for Salinity and Alkalinity Tolerance in Scented Rice Cultivar Kalanamak". Journal of Crop Improvement. 20 (1–2): 205–221. doi:10.1300/J411v20n01_12. S2CID 82779666.

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