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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Secunderabad  
| name               = Secunderabad
| settlement_type       = [[Twin cities|Twin city]]<br/>[[Cantonment board|Cantonment area]]
| settlement_type   = [[Twin cities|Twin city]]<br />[[Cantonment board|Cantonment area]]
| image_skyline         = Clock Tower Secunderabad.jpg
| image_skyline     = Clock Tower Secunderabad.jpg
| image_alt             =  
| image_alt         =  
| image_caption         = Secunderabad Clock Tower
| image_caption     = [[Secunderabad Clock Tower]]
| other_name             =
| other_name         =  
| nickname               =  
| nickname           =  
| map_alt               =  
| map_alt           =  
| map_caption           =  
| map_caption       =  
| pushpin_map           = India Telangana#India  
| pushpin_map       = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt       =  
| pushpin_map_alt   =  
| pushpin_map_caption   = Location in Telangana, India
| pushpin_map_caption = Secunderabad (Telangana)
| coordinates           = {{coord|17.45|78.5|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates       = {{coord|17.439900|78.498300|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_type   = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name       = India
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1     = State
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2     = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3     = Metro
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of Hyderabad Metro stations|Metro]]
| subdivision_name1     = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_name2     =
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hyderabad District, India|Hyderabad District]]
[[Hyderabad District, India|Hyderabad District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Secunderabad East metro station]],<br/>[[Secunderabad West metro station]],<br/>[[Parade Ground metro station]]
| subdivision_name3     = [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Region]]
| established_title = Established
| established_title     = <!-- Established --> Establishment
| established_date   = 1806
| established_date       = 1806
| founder           = [[Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III]]
| founder               = [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III|Sikandar Jah]]
| named_for         = [[Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III]]
| named_for             = Sikandar Jah
| government_type   = Municipal Corporation
| government_type       =
| governing_body     = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| governing_body         =
[[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]<br/>
[[Secunderabad Cantonment Board]]<ref name ="scb">{{cite web|url=https://scb.gov.in/SCBPortal/profile/profile.html|title=Secunderabad Cantonment Board}}</ref>
[[Secunderabad Cantonment Board]]<ref name ="scb">{{cite web|url=https://scb.gov.in/SCBPortal/profile/profile.html|title=Secunderabad Cantonment Board}}</ref>
| leader_title1         =[[Parliament of India|MP]]
| leader_title1     = [[Parliament of India|MP]]
| leader_name1           =[[G. Kishan Reddy]]
| leader_name1       = [[G. Kishan Reddy]]
| unit_pref             = Metric
| unit_pref         = Metric
| area_footnotes         =  
| area_footnotes     =  
| area_total_km2         = 64.5
| area_total_km2     = 64.5
| area_rank             =  
| area_rank         =  
| elevation_footnotes   =  
| elevation_footnotes =  
| elevation_m           = 543
| elevation_m       = 561
| population_total       = 213,698
| population_total   = 213,698
| population_as_of       = 2011
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_footnotes   =  
| population_footnotes =  
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank       =  
| population_rank   =  
| population_demonym     =  
| population_demonym =  
| demographics_type1     = Languages
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1   = Official
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1             = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1           = +5:30
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| postal_code_type       = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]
| postal_code           = 500 xxx
| postal_code       = 500 xxx
| area_code             = 040
| area_code         = 040
| area_code_type         = Telephone code
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate     = '''TS-10'''<ref>{{cite web |title=District Codes |url=http://www.transport.telangana.gov.in/html/registration-districtcodes.html |publisher=Government of Telangana Transport Department |access-date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107161458/http://www.transport.telangana.gov.in/html/registration-districtcodes.html |archive-date=7 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>  
| registration_plate = '''TS-10'''<ref>{{cite web |title=District Codes |url=http://www.transport.telangana.gov.in/html/registration-districtcodes.html |publisher=Government of Telangana Transport Department |access-date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107161458/http://www.transport.telangana.gov.in/html/registration-districtcodes.html |archive-date=7 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>/AP 10(Old)
| website               = {{URL|ghmc.gov.in}}
| website           = {{URL|ghmc.gov.in}}
| footnotes             =  
| footnotes         =  
| leader_title2         =[[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|MLA]]
| leader_title2     = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|MLA]]
| leader_name2           =[[Padma Rao Goud]]
| leader_name2       = [[Padma Rao Goud]]
| demographics1_info1   = {{hlist|[[English language|English]]|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|[[Urdu]]}}
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|English|[[Urdu]]}}
|population_metro =7674689     
| population_metro   = 1000000
|population_metro_as_of                =2011
}}
}}
'''Secunderabad''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|k|ə|n|d|ə|r|ˈ|ɑː|b|ɑː|d}} ({{IPA-hi|sikŋdɾaːbaːd||Secunderabad.ogg}}, also spelled sometimes as '''Sikandarabad''') is the twin city of [[Hyderabad]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Telangana]]. Named after [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III|Sikandar Jah]], the third [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]], Secunderabad was established in 1806 as a British [[cantonment]]. Although both the cities are together referred to as the twin cities, [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and Secunderabad have different histories and cultures, with Secunderabad having developed directly under British rule until 1948, and [[Hyderabad]] as the capital of the [[Nizam]]s' [[Hyderabad State|princely state of Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |title=Hyderabad-Secunderabad India – History -hyderabad-secunderabad.com<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=13 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224040023/http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Geographically divided from Hyderabad by the [[Hussain Sagar]] lake, Secunderabad is no longer a separate municipal unit and has become part of Hyderabad's [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] (GHMC). Both cities are collectively known as Hyderabad and together form the [[List of metropolitan areas in India|sixth-largest metropolis in India]]. Being one of the largest cantonments in India, Secunderabad has a large presence of [[Indian Army|army]] and [[Indian Air Force|air force]] personnel.<ref>[http://www.indiastudychannel.com/experts/13416-Whats-difference-between-Cantonment-Municipality.aspx it has one of the largest railway station which serves for both the cities as Hyderabad does not have any railway stationIndiastudychannel.com]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scb.aponline.gov.in/SCBPortal/SCBHomePage.aspx |title=SCB.aponline.gov.in |access-date=2 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913012924/http://scb.aponline.gov.in/SCBPortal/SCBHomePage.aspx |archive-date=13 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
'''Secunderabad''', also spelled as '''Sikandarabad'''{{refn|group=note|''Secunderabad'' is the anglicized spelling in [[British English]], and ''Sikandarābād'' is the [[ISO 15919|romanized]] spelling from [[Deccani language]].}} ({{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|k|ə|n|d|ə|r|ˈ|ɑː|b|ɑː|d}}, {{IPA-hi|sɪ.kən.d̪əɾ.ɑː.bɑːd̪||Secunderabad.ogg}}), is a [[twin cities|twin city]] of [[Hyderabad]] and one of the six zones of the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] (GHMC) in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is the headquarters of the [[South Central Railway zone]]. Named after the [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III]], [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]], Secunderabad was established in 1806 as a British [[cantonment]]. Although both the cities are together referred to as the [[twin cities]], [[Hyderabad]] and Secunderabad have different histories and cultures, with Secunderabad having developed directly under British rule until 1948, and Hyderabad as the capital of the [[Nizam]]s' [[Hyderabad State|princely state of Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |title=Hyderabad-Secunderabad India – History -hyderabad-secunderabad.com<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=13 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224040023/http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Geographically divided from Hyderabad by the [[Hussain Sagar]] lake, Secunderabad is no longer a separate municipal unit and has become part of Hyderabad's Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. Both cities are collectively known as Hyderabad and together form the [[List of metropolitan areas in India|sixth-largest metropolis in India]]. Being one of the largest cantonments in India, Secunderabad has a large presence of [[Indian Army|army]] and [[Indian Air Force|air force]] personnel.<ref>[http://www.indiastudychannel.com/experts/13416-Whats-difference-between-Cantonment-Municipality.aspx it has one of the largest railway station which serves for both the cities as Hyderabad does not have any railway stationIndiastudychannel.com]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scb.aponline.gov.in/SCBPortal/SCBHomePage.aspx |title=SCB.aponline.gov.in |access-date=2 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913012924/http://scb.aponline.gov.in/SCBPortal/SCBHomePage.aspx |archive-date=13 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
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*{{cite book|title=A history of south India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=192|isbn=0-19-560686-8|last=Sastri|first=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta|year=1976}}</ref>
*{{cite book|title=A history of south India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=192|isbn=0-19-560686-8|last=Sastri|first=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta|year=1976}}</ref>


Secunderabad is also the site where the then Mughal emperor [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] was defeated in the year 1754 by the [[Maratha confederacy|Maratha Confederacy]]; the emperor arrived after the death of [[Nawab]] [[Anwaruddin Khan]] nearby at the [[Battle of Ambur]] in 1749.
In 1310 the area of present day Hyderabad and Secunderabad came under the rule of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] after the [[Siege of Warangal (1310)|capture of Warangal]], the [[Kakatiya]] capital. The modern city of Hyderabad was built and founded in 1592 by the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda Sultanate]] under [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]]. The modern Secunderabad is also the site where the then [[Mughal emperor]] [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] was defeated in the year 1754 by the [[Maratha Empire]]; the emperor arrived after the death of [[Nawab]] [[Anwaruddin Khan]] nearby at the [[Battle of Ambur]] in 1749. [[Anwaruddin Khan]] was the [[Nawab of Arcot]].


The area around Secunderbad changed hands between various rulers, and the area was part of Nizam's Hyderabad by the 18th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=Muslim civilization in India |chapter=A century of political decline: 1707–1803|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html|year=1964|last=Ikram|author-link=S. M. Ikram|first=S.M.|editor-last=Embree|editor-first=Ainslie T|editor-link=Ainslie Embree|access-date=7 October 2011|isbn=978-0-231-02580-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|first=J. F.|last=Richards|year=1975|journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]]|pages=241–260|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996|volume=9|issue=2}}</ref>
The area around Secunderabad changed hands between various rulers, and the area was part of Nizam's Hyderabad by the 18th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=Muslim civilization in India |chapter=A century of political decline: 1707–1803|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html|year=1964|last=Ikram|author-link=S. M. Ikram|first=S.M.|editor-last=Embree|editor-first=Ainslie T|editor-link=Ainslie Embree|access-date=7 October 2011|isbn=978-0-231-02580-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|first=J. F.|last=Richards|year=1975|journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]]|pages=241–260|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996|volume=9|issue=2}}</ref>


[[File:Secunderabad 200yrs Celebration.jpg|thumb|upright|Banner celebrating 200 years of Secunderabad]]
[[File:Secunderabad 200yrs Celebration.jpg|thumb|upright|Banner celebrating 200 years of Secunderabad]]
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|source 1 =<ref name="imd">{{cite web | url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/hyderabad2.htm | title = Hyderabad | access-date = 30 May 2010 | date = July 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100430172122/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/hyderabad2.htm | archive-date = 30 April 2010 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
|source 1 =<ref name="imd">{{cite web | url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/hyderabad2.htm | title = Hyderabad | access-date = 30 May 2010 | date = July 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100430172122/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/hyderabad2.htm | archive-date = 30 April 2010 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
|date = August 2010}}
|date = August 2010}}
== Administration==
* Secunderabad City
* [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board]]


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
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[[File:Secunderabad Club.jpg|left|thumb|Secunderabad Club c.1902]]
[[File:Secunderabad Club.jpg|left|thumb|Secunderabad Club c.1902]]
[[File:Gardenrestaurantsecunderabadchristmaseve.png|thumb|Garden Restaurant established 1952, opposite to the Clock Tower<ref name="timesofindia.com">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-03/hyderabad/29732793_1_irani-chai-irani-cafes-tea|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924124425/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-03/hyderabad/29732793_1_irani-chai-irani-cafes-tea|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2012|title=Irani Chai Hona?|date=3 July 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 July 2011}}</ref>]]
[[File:Gardenrestaurantsecunderabadchristmaseve.png|thumb|Garden Restaurant established 1952, opposite to the Clock Tower<ref name="timesofindia.com">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-03/hyderabad/29732793_1_irani-chai-irani-cafes-tea|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924124425/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-03/hyderabad/29732793_1_irani-chai-irani-cafes-tea|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2012|title=Irani Chai Hona?|date=3 July 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=3 July 2011}}</ref>]]
The camp transformed into an English town, and then into a truly cosmopolitan city where the Anglo-Indians, who had a colony popularly called “Little England”, rubbed shoulders with the Mudaliars of Tamil Nadu, the Rajasthani trading community, the Parsis, and the Sikhs, as the historian Narendra Luther book Laskar vividly captures the flavour in the chapter, “Colours of the rainbow”.
Due to the presence of communities such as [[Parsis]] and [[Anglo-Indians]] alongside British and native inhabitants, Secunderabad was historically a cosmopolitan city.<ref name="Bridging two cultures"/><ref name="hyderabad-secunderabad.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |title=HyderabadSecunderabad India – History |publisher=hyderabad-secunderabad.com |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224040023/http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Secunderabad used to be referred to by the locals as ''[[Lascar|Lashkar]],'' meaning the army and the city's culture reflected the same. Secunderabad was a liberal city compared to Hyderabad due to the presence of the British. Plaza cinema was the only theatre in India where viewers could sip a beer while watching a movie. Sangeet was a popular cinema theatre that screened only Western movies.{{clarify|date=October 2018|comment=movies from the West, or cowboy movies?}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081860550300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206035945/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081860550300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2007|title= Sangeet theatre to fade into oblivion|work=[[The Hindu]]| access-date=17 January 2012|location=Chennai, India|date=18 August 2007}}</ref>
Due to the presence of communities such as [[Parsis]] and [[Anglo-Indians]] alongside British and native inhabitants, Secunderabad was historically a cosmopolitan city.<ref name="Bridging two cultures"/><ref name="hyderabad-secunderabad.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |title=HyderabadSecunderabad India – History |publisher=hyderabad-secunderabad.com |access-date=3 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224040023/http://www.hyderabad-secunderabad.com/history.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Secunderabad used to be referred to by the locals as ''[[Lascar|Lashkar]],'' meaning the army and the city's culture reflected the same. Secunderabad was a liberal city compared to Hyderabad due to the presence of the British. Plaza cinema was the only theatre in India where viewers could sip a beer while watching a movie. Sangeet was a popular cinema theatre that screened only Western movies.{{clarify|date=October 2018|comment=movies from the West, or cowboy movies?}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081860550300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206035945/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081860550300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2007|title= Sangeet theatre to fade into oblivion|work=[[The Hindu]]| access-date=17 January 2012|location=Chennai, India|date=18 August 2007}}</ref>


The popular [[Secunderabad Club]] was established in 1878, at a country house gifted by [[Salar Jung I]]. Secunderabad has a more laid-back atmosphere because it is mainly a residential area with fewer government offices and corporate establishments.
The popular [[Secunderabad Club]] was established in 1878, at a country house gifted by [[Salar Jung I]]. Secunderabad has a more laid-back atmosphere because it is mainly a residential area with fewer government offices and corporate establishments.


Many outdoor events such as the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parade and fairs are held in the Gymkhana or Parade grounds.<ref>{{citation|title=The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places |date=15 August 2010 |editor=Kenneth Pletcher |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |isbn=978-1-61530-202-4 |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjr0X-8jrLAC&q=geography+of+secunderabad&pg=PA190 }}</ref> Christmas is celebrated by the Christian residents. An annual festival known as the [[Bonalu]] is celebrated by the Hindus of the [[Telangana]] state. It is usually held during the [[Ashadha]], which is at the start of the monsoon season.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-16/hyderabad/29781581_1_lashkar-bonalu-bonalu-festival-ujjaini-mahankali | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105214204/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-16/hyderabad/29781581_1_lashkar-bonalu-bonalu-festival-ujjaini-mahankali | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 November 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Lashkar Bonalu kicks off at Ujjaini temple tomorrow | date=16 July 2011}}</ref> [[Ramadan]], the Islamic holy month of fasting, is observed by the local Muslims. There are old temples like [[Lakshmi Narayan|Laxminarayana]] Swami Temple and [[Mahakali]] Temple. Local churches like Wesely church and St. Mary's church add to cosmopolitan culture of the city. The culture of Secunderabad is distinctly different from that of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]'s Nawabi culture.<ref name="thehindu.com"/><ref name="hyderabad-secunderabad.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaenews.com/pdf/10128.pdf |title=Press release (PR) distribution / newswire service from India PRwire |publisher=Indiaenews.com |access-date=8 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428171043/http://www.indiaenews.com/pdf/10128.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Many outdoor events such as the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parade and fairs are held in the Gymkhana or Parade grounds.<ref>{{citation|title=The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places |date=15 August 2010 |editor=Kenneth Pletcher |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |isbn=978-1-61530-202-4 |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjr0X-8jrLAC&q=geography+of+secunderabad&pg=PA190 }}</ref> Christmas is celebrated by the Christian residents. An annual festival known as the [[Bonalu]] is celebrated by the Hindus of the [[Telangana]] state. It is usually held during the [[Ashadha]], which is at the start of the monsoon season.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-16/hyderabad/29781581_1_lashkar-bonalu-bonalu-festival-ujjaini-mahankali | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105214204/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-16/hyderabad/29781581_1_lashkar-bonalu-bonalu-festival-ujjaini-mahankali | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 November 2012 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Lashkar Bonalu kicks off at Ujjaini temple tomorrow | date=16 July 2011}}</ref> [[Ramadan]], the Islamic holy month of fasting, is observed by the local Muslims. There are old temples like [[Lakshmi Narayan|Laxminarayana]] Swami Temple and [[Mahakali]] Temple. Local churches like Wesely church and St. Mary's church add to cosmopolitan culture of the city. The culture of Secunderabad is distinctly different from that of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]'s Nawabi culture.<ref name="thehindu.com"/><ref name="hyderabad-secunderabad.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaenews.com/pdf/10128.pdf |title=Press release (PR) distribution / newswire service from India PRwire |publisher=Indiaenews.com |access-date=8 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428171043/http://www.indiaenews.com/pdf/10128.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2011 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
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== Sports ==
== Sports ==


The most-popular sport played in Secunderabad is [[cricket]].<ref name="Novy kapadia">{{cite journal|title=Triumphs and disaster: the story of Indian football, 1889–2000|url=http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf|last=Kapadia|first=Novy|journal=Soccer and Society|volume=2|issue=2|year=2001|page=19|access-date=3 April 2012|doi=10.1080/714004851|s2cid=145561706|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813081005/http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> During pre-independence era Secunderabad had various sports facilities built for serving Englishmen.<ref>{{cite book |last= Warwick|first=Nigel |date=2007 |title= Constant Vigilance: The RAF Regiment in the Burma Campaign|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EO92mkDr_YEC&q=sports+in+secunderabad|publisher=Casemate Publishers |page=10|isbn= 9781844155002|access-date=23 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Vottery|first=Madhu |date=2010 |title= A Guide to the Heritage of Hyderabad: The Natural and the Built|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6TLnFwFhjewC&q=sports&pg=PT25|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=9788129116567 |access-date=23 September 2014 }}</ref> Presently, no major stadiums are located in Secunderabad. However some open grounds belonging to railways and military establishments are used for various sporting activities. These are [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], Parade Ground, Polo Ground, Bollarum Golf Course, and Railway Golf Course. The erstwhile [[Indian Premier League|Indian Premiere League]] cricket franchise, [[Deccan Chargers]] was based in Secunderabad.
The most-popular sport played in Secunderabad is [[cricket]].<ref name="Novy kapadia">{{cite journal|title=Triumphs and disaster: the story of Indian football, 1889–2000|url=http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf|last=Kapadia|first=Novy|journal=Soccer and Society|volume=2|issue=2|year=2001|page=19|access-date=3 April 2012|doi=10.1080/714004851|s2cid=145561706|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813081005/http://pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc10.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> During pre-independence era Secunderabad had various sports facilities built for serving Englishmen.<ref>{{cite book |last= Warwick|first=Nigel |date=2007 |title= Constant Vigilance: The RAF Regiment in the Burma Campaign|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EO92mkDr_YEC&q=sports+in+secunderabad|publisher=Casemate Publishers |page=10|isbn= 9781844155002|access-date=23 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Vottery|first=Madhu |date=2010 |title= A Guide to the Heritage of Hyderabad: The Natural and the Built|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6TLnFwFhjewC&q=sports&pg=PT25|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=9788129116567 |access-date=23 September 2014 }}</ref> Presently, no major stadiums are located in Secunderabad. However some open grounds belonging to railways and military establishments are used for various sporting activities. These are [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], Parade Ground, Polo Ground, Bollarum Golf Course and Railway Golf Course.  


Various state sports associations such as Amateur Boxing Association, Basketball Association, Women's Cricket Association, Sculling and Rowing Association, and Hyderabad Hockey Association are located in Secunderabad<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saap.in/sportsassociations.htm |title=LIST OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATE ASSOCIATIONS WITH SECRETARY & PRESIDENTS |url-status=usurped|access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921203423/http://www.saap.in/sportsassociations.htm |archive-date=21 September 2014}}</ref>
Various state sports associations such as Amateur Boxing Association, Basketball Association, Women's Cricket Association, Sculling and Rowing Association, and Hyderabad Hockey Association are located in Secunderabad<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saap.in/sportsassociations.htm |title=LIST OF ANDHRA PRADESH STATE ASSOCIATIONS WITH SECRETARY & PRESIDENTS |url-status=usurped|access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921203423/http://www.saap.in/sportsassociations.htm |archive-date=21 September 2014}}</ref>
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[[File:Tankbund road.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tank Bund road]], an important road which connects the cities of Secunderabad and [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]<ref name="harmonyindia.org"/>]]
[[File:Tankbund road.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tank Bund road]], an important road which connects the cities of Secunderabad and [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]<ref name="harmonyindia.org"/>]]


The most commonly used forms of medium-distance transport in Secunderabad include government-owned services such as light railways and [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]] (TSRTC) buses,<ref>{{cite news|title=AC buses are RTC's white elephants|url=http://archive.asianage.com/hyderabad/ac-buses-are-rtc-s-white-elephants-123|newspaper=Asian Age|last=Didyala|first=Amrita|date=16 May 2012|access-date=20 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111025102/http://archive.asianage.com/hyderabad/ac-buses-are-rtc-s-white-elephants-123|archive-date=11 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as privately operated [[auto rickshaw]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive summary of detailed project report|url=http://hyderabadmetrorail.in/images/pdfs/executive-summary.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105211644/http://hyderabadmetrorail.in/images/pdfs/executive-summary.pdf|archive-date=5 January 2012|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref> It is connected by [[Secunderabad East metro station]] of [[Hyderabad Metro]].
The most commonly used forms of medium-distance transport in Secunderabad include government-owned services such as light railways and [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]] (TSRTC) buses,<ref>{{cite news|title=AC buses are RTC's white elephants|url=http://archive.asianage.com/hyderabad/ac-buses-are-rtc-s-white-elephants-123|newspaper=Asian Age|last=Didyala|first=Amrita|date=16 May 2012|access-date=20 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111025102/http://archive.asianage.com/hyderabad/ac-buses-are-rtc-s-white-elephants-123|archive-date=11 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as privately operated [[auto rickshaw]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive summary of detailed project report|url=http://hyderabadmetrorail.in/images/pdfs/executive-summary.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105211644/http://hyderabadmetrorail.in/images/pdfs/executive-summary.pdf|archive-date=5 January 2012|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref> It is connected by [[Secunderabad East metro station]] & [[Secunderabad West metro station]] of [[Hyderabad Metro]].


The city is the headquarters of the [[South Central Railway]] Zone of the [[Indian Railways]]. It is served by [[Secunderabad Railway Station]], one of the oldest and largest railway stations in the twin cities. Secunderabad is also a major railway junction in the Wadi–[[Vijayawada]] railway route.
The city is the headquarters of the [[South Central Railway]] Zone of the [[Indian Railways]]. It is served by [[Secunderabad Railway Station]], one of the oldest and largest railway stations in the twin cities. Secunderabad is also a major railway junction in the Wadi–[[Vijayawada]] railway route.
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Maximum speed limits within the city are {{convert|50|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} for two-wheelers and cars, {{convert|35|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} for auto rickshaws and {{convert|40|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} for [[light commercial vehicle]]s and buses.<ref>{{cite news|title=Speed limits fixed for vehicles on city roads|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/10/stories/2010011058940300.htm|date=10 January 2010|access-date=25 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918131728/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/10/stories/2010011058940300.htm|archive-date=18 September 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Maximum speed limits within the city are {{convert|50|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} for two-wheelers and cars, {{convert|35|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} for auto rickshaws and {{convert|40|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} for [[light commercial vehicle]]s and buses.<ref>{{cite news|title=Speed limits fixed for vehicles on city roads|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/10/stories/2010011058940300.htm|date=10 January 2010|access-date=25 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918131728/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/10/stories/2010011058940300.htm|archive-date=18 September 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The nearest airport is [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[Begumpet Airport]] having closed in 2008.
The nearest airport is [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] in [[Hyderabad]], [[Begumpet Airport]] having closed in 2008.[[TSRTC]] Buses are run from Secunderabad to [[RGIA]]


== Education ==
== Education ==
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Secunderabad}}
{{See also|List of educational institutions in Secunderabad}}


Schools in Secunderabad, similar to other schools in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana follow a [[Education in India#10+2+3 pattern|10+2+3 plan]]. Schools are a mix of publicly and privately run institutions, with two-thirds of students in private schools.<ref name="TNYT_School">{{cite news|title=Many of India's poor turn to private schools|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/31/world/asia/for-indias-poor-private-schools-help-fill-a-growing-demand.html?pagewanted=all|last1=Bajaj|first1=Vikas|last2=Yardley|first2=Jim|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=30 December 2011|access-date=10 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401181603/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/31/world/asia/for-indias-poor-private-schools-help-fill-a-growing-demand.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=1 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Languages of instruction include [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Centre extends 40-cr aid to Urdu schools|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Centre-extends-40-cr-aid-to-Urdu-schools/articleshow/2211395.cms?referral=PM|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 February 2002|access-date=9 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911190425/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Centre-extends-40-cr-aid-to-Urdu-schools/articleshow/2211395.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=11 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. Depending on the institution students are studying in, they are required to sit in the [[Secondary School Certificate]]<ref name="ssc">{{cite news|title=SSC results: girls score higher percentage|date=22 May 2011|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2040014.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234109/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2040014.ece|archive-date=10 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> or the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]]. After completing secondary education, students enroll in schools or junior colleges with a higher secondary facility. Due to the prolonged presence of the British, Secunderabad has [[Catholic school|convent schools]] established by Christian missionaries.
Schools in Secunderabad, similar to other schools in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana follow a [[Education in India#10+2+3 pattern|10+2+3 plan]]. Schools are a mix of publicly and privately run institutions, with two-thirds of students in private schools.<ref name="TNYT_School">{{cite news|title=Many of India's poor turn to private schools|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/31/world/asia/for-indias-poor-private-schools-help-fill-a-growing-demand.html?pagewanted=all|last1=Bajaj|first1=Vikas|last2=Yardley|first2=Jim|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=30 December 2011|access-date=10 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401181603/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/31/world/asia/for-indias-poor-private-schools-help-fill-a-growing-demand.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=1 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Languages of instruction include English, [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Centre extends 40-cr aid to Urdu schools|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Centre-extends-40-cr-aid-to-Urdu-schools/articleshow/2211395.cms?referral=PM|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 February 2002|access-date=9 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911190425/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Centre-extends-40-cr-aid-to-Urdu-schools/articleshow/2211395.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=11 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. Depending on the institution students are studying in, they are required to sit in the [[Secondary School Certificate]]<ref name="ssc">{{cite news|title=SSC results: girls score higher percentage|date=22 May 2011|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2040014.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=9 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234109/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2040014.ece|archive-date=10 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> or the [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]]. After completing secondary education, students enroll in schools or junior colleges with a higher secondary facility. Due to the prolonged presence of the British, Secunderabad has [[Catholic school|convent schools]] established by Christian missionaries.


Research institutes such as [[National Institute of Nutrition]], [[Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology]], [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]], [[The English and Foreign Languages University]], [[Osmania University]], [https://www.hamstech.com/ Hamstech College of Creative Education] and [[National Geophysical Research Institute]] are in [[Tarnaka]], which is close to Secunderabad and [https://www.nifdindia.in/ Fashion Designing Courses] near Secunderabad
Research institutes such as [[National Institute of Nutrition]], [[Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology]], [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]], [[The English and Foreign Languages University]], [[Osmania University]], [https://www.hamstech.com/ Hamstech College of Creative Education] and [[National Geophysical Research Institute]] are in [[Tarnaka]], which is close to Secunderabad and [https://www.nifdindia.in/ Fashion Designing Courses] near Secunderabad
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* [[Gummadi Vittal Rao]], Poet Writer, revolutionary Telugu balladeer and local activist from pre-independence.
* [[Gummadi Vittal Rao]], Poet Writer, revolutionary Telugu balladeer and local activist from pre-independence.
* [[Dasaradhi Rangacharya]], Telugu Writer, [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Telugu|Sahitya Akademi Award winner]].
* [[Dasaradhi Rangacharya]], Telugu Writer, [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Telugu|Sahitya Akademi Award winner]].
* [[Sunil Chhetri]], Indian footballer
* [[Sunil Chhetri]], most-[[Cap (sport)|capped]] [[India national football team|Indian international]] footballer and the [[List of top international men's football goal scorers by country|all-time top goalscorer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/afc-cup-2016-sunil-chhetri-captain-leads-example|title=AFC Cup 2016: Sunil Chhetri – The captain who leads by example|website=www.sportskeeda.com|publisher=Sportskeeda|date=20 October 2016|access-date=18 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118163955/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/afc-cup-2016-sunil-chhetri-captain-leads-example|archive-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>
* [[Shyam Benegal]], film director and screenwriter  
* [[Shyam Benegal]], film director and screenwriter  
* [[M. L. Jaisimha]], [[test cricket]]er and TV commentator<ref>{{cite news|title=Top sporting icons from Hyderabad|url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130329/sports-cricket/gallery/top-sporting-icons-hyderabad|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=29 July 2013|access-date=1 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220055117/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130329/sports-cricket/gallery/top-sporting-icons-hyderabad|archive-date=20 February 2014}}</ref>
* [[M. L. Jaisimha]], [[test cricket]]er and TV commentator<ref>{{cite news|title=Top sporting icons from Hyderabad|url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130329/sports-cricket/gallery/top-sporting-icons-hyderabad|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=29 July 2013|access-date=1 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220055117/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/130329/sports-cricket/gallery/top-sporting-icons-hyderabad|archive-date=20 February 2014}}</ref>
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* [[Tharun Bhascker]], actor, writer and film director
* [[Tharun Bhascker]], actor, writer and film director
* [[Ajith Kumar]], Tamil film actor
* [[Ajith Kumar]], Tamil film actor
* [[Kenneth Anderson (writer)|Kenneth Anderson]], writer


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}
* [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]
* [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130331051637/http://www.secunderabad.co/ Secunderabad Community], Secunderabad Community Website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130331051637/http://www.secunderabad.co/ Secunderabad Community], Secunderabad Community Website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080210042452/http://www.hyderabad-india.net/areas/secunderabad.html Hyderabad-india.net], Hyderabad info
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080210042452/http://www.hyderabad-india.net/areas/secunderabad.html Hyderabad-india.net], Hyderabad info
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[[Category:Secunderabad| ]]
[[Category:Secunderabad| ]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Planned cities in India]]
[[Category:Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:1806 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:1806 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1806]]
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