Bharatpedia

Muzaffarpur: Difference between revisions

Article Talk

Muzaffarpur (edit)

Revision as of 07:01, 22 July 2023

2,768 bytes added ,  22 July 2023
Cleanup: Source modification.
m (→‎top: clean up)
(Cleanup: Source modification.)
 
Line 5: Line 5:
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details -->
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Muzaffarpur
| name                     = Muzaffarpur
| native_name                     = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name             = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name_lang               =  
| native_name_lang         =  
| settlement_type                 = City
| settlement_type         = City
| image_skyline                   = File:MUZAFFARPUR CITY LATEST.jpg
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage | photo1a  = Muzaffarpur Juction Railway Station.jpg | size    = 280 | spacing  = 1 | position = centre | border  = 0 | color    = white  }}
| image_alt                       =  
| image_alt               =  
| image_caption                   = Muzzafarpur City
| image_caption           = Muzaffarpur Junction
| nickname                       = Lychee City
| nickname                 = Lichee City
| pushpin_map                     = India Bihar#India3
| pushpin_map             = India Bihar#India3
| pushpin_label_position         = right
| pushpin_label_position   = right
| pushpin_map_alt                 =  
| pushpin_map_alt         =  
| pushpin_map_caption             =  
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in India
| image_map                       =  
| image_map               =  
| caption                        = Map of City
| map_caption              = Map of City
| coordinates                     = {{coord|26|7|21|N|85|23|26|E|display=inline}}
| coordinates             = {{coord|26|7|21|N|85|23|26|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = Country
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1               = State
| subdivision_type1       = State
| subdivision_type3              = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[Tirhut division|Tirhut]]
| subdivision_type3        = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name3              = [[Muzaffarpur district]]
| subdivision_name3        = [[Tirhut division|Tirhut]]
| established_title               = Established
| established_title       = Established
| established_date               = 1300
| established_date         = 1 January 1875
| seat_type                         = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| seat_type               = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| seat                           = [[Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation]]
| seat                     = [[Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title                   = Member of Parliament
| leader_title             = Member of Parliament
| leader_name                     = [[Ajay Nishad]]
| leader_name             = [[Ajay Nishad]]
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes                 =  
| area_footnotes           =  
| area_total_km2                 = 26.68      
| area_total_km2           = 28.68
| elevation_footnotes             =  
| elevation_footnotes     =  
| elevation_m                     = 60
| elevation_m             = 60
| population_total               = 393724<ref name="census_india"/>
| population_total         = 354462<ref name="census_india"/>
| population_as_of               = census of 2011
| population_as_of         = 2011
| population_footnotes           =  
| population_footnotes     =  
| population_density_km2         =  
| population_density_km2   =  
| population_rank                 = [[List of cities in Bihar by population|4th]] (Bihar)<br/>[[List of cities in India by population|127th]] (India)
| population_rank         = [[List of cities in Bihar by population|2nd]] (Bihar)<br />[[List of cities in India by population|127th]] (India)
| population_demonym             =  
| population_demonym       =  
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| demographics_type1             = [[Language]]
| demographics_type1       = [[Language]] Other Local Language = Bhojpuri
| demographics1_title1           = Official
| demographics1_title1     = Official
| demographics1_info1             = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_info1     = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title= second Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2           = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_title2     = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2             = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_info2     = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| demographics1_title3    = Regional Languages
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| demographics1_info3      = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| postal_code                     = 842001-05
| demographics1_title4    =
| area_code                       = 0621
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| area_code_type                 = Telephone code
| postal_code_type         = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| registration_plate             = [[List of RTO districts in India#BR.E2.80.94Bihar|BR]]-06
| postal_code             = 842001-05 (Muzaffarpur)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Muzaffarpur/|title=Pin Codes of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, Muzaffarpur Pincode Search|website=indiapincodes.net}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| area_code               = 0621
| blank1_info_sec1               = 890 (females per thousand males)<ref name="census2011"/>[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| area_code_type           = Telephone code
| website                         = {{URL|muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in/}}
| registration_plate       = [[List of RTO districts in India#BR.E2.80.94Bihar|BR]]-06
| leader_title1                   = Member of Legislative Council
| blank1_name_sec1         = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| leader_name1                   = [[Dinesh Prasad Singh]]
| blank1_info_sec1         = 890 (females per thousand males)<ref name="census2011"/>[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| leader_title2                   = Member of Legislative Assembly
| website                 = {{URL|muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in/}}
| leader_name2                   = Vijendra Chaudhary<ref>{{cite news |title=Muzaffarpurchunav 2020: क्या इस बार मंत्री जी लगाएंगे हैट्रिक या पूर्व विधायक विजेंद्र चौधरी करेंगे वापसी? |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-will-the-minister-impose-hat-trick-or-former-mla-vijendra-chaudhary-will-come-this-time-in-muzaffarpur-election2020-20997788.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=1 November 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
| leader_title1           = Member of Legislative Council
| leader_title3                   = Mayor
| leader_name1             = [[Dinesh Prasad Singh]]
| leader_name3                   = Suresh Kumar
| leader_title2           = Member of Legislative Assembly
| blank2_name_sec1               = Literacy
| leader_name2             = Vijendra Chaudhary<ref>{{cite news |title=Muzaffarpurchunav 2020: क्या इस बार मंत्री जी लगाएंगे हैट्रिक या पूर्व विधायक विजेंद्र चौधरी करेंगे वापसी? |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-will-the-minister-impose-hat-trick-or-former-mla-vijendra-chaudhary-will-come-this-time-in-muzaffarpur-election2020-20997788.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=1 November 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
| blank2_info_sec1               = 85.16%<ref name="census2011"/>
| leader_title3           = Mayor
| blank3_name_sec1               = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| leader_name3             = Nirmala Sahu
| blank3_info_sec1               = [[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
| blank2_name_sec1         = Literacy
| blank4_name_sec1               = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1         = 85.16%<ref name="census2011"/>
| blank4_info_sec1               = [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
| blank3_name_sec1         = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1         = [[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
| blank4_name_sec1         = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1         = [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]]
}}
}}
'''Muzaffarpur''' ({{audio|Muzaffarpur.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city located in [[Muzaffarpur district]] in the Tirhut region of the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref name="census2011">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_3Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Cities having population 3 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 7 May 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="census_india">{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 3 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_3Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 13 November 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It serves as the headquarters of the [[Tirhut division]], the [[Muzaffarpur district]] and the Muzaffarpur Railway District. It is the fourth most populous city in Bihar.


'''Muzaffarpur''' ({{audio|Muzaffarpur.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city located in [[Muzaffarpur district]] in the Tirhut region of the [[India]]n state of [[Bihar]].<ref name="census_india">{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 13 November 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="census2011">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 7 May 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It serves as the headquarters of the [[Tirhut division]], the [[Muzaffarpur district]] and the Muzaffarpur Railway District. It is the [[List of cities in Bihar by population|fourth most populous city in Bihar]].
Muzaffarpur is famous for Shahi [[lychee]]s and is known as the Lychee Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/shahi-litchi-to-get-gi-tag-soon/articleshow/64900499.cms|title=Bihar's famous Shahi litchi to get GI tag soon|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>[http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/Vaishali.htm Destinations :: Vaishali ::Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722044101/http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/Vaishali.htm|date=22 July 2015}}. Bstdc.bih.nic.in. Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> Shahi litchi is set to become the fourth product from Bihar, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf) to get the [[Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag. It is situated on the banks of the perennial [[Burhi Gandak River|Budhi Gandak River]], which flows from the Someshwar Hills<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |title=bihar |publisher=Scribd.com |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108174043/http://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref> of the [[Himalayas]].


Muzaffarpur is famous for Shahi [[lychee]]s and is known as the Lychee Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/shahi-litchi-to-get-gi-tag-soon/articleshow/64900499.cms|title=Bihar's famous Shahi litchi to get GI tag soon}}</ref><ref>[http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/Vaishali.htm Destinations :: Vaishali ::Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722044101/http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/Vaishali.htm|date=22 July 2015}}. Bstdc.bih.nic.in. Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> Shahi litchi is set to become the fourth product from Bihar, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf) to get the [[Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag. It is situated on the banks of the perennial [[Burhi Gandak River]], which flows from the Someshwar Hills<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |title=bihar |publisher=Scribd.com |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108174043/http://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |archive-date=8 November 2012  }}</ref> of the [[Himalayas]].
==Etymology==
 
The current city was established in 1875 during the [[British Raj]] for administrative convenience, by dividing the [[Tirhut]] district and was named after an ''[[Glossary of the British Raj|aumil]]'', Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as ''Muzaffarpur''.<ref name=book1>{{cite book |last1=Faizi |first1=Amir Afaque Ahmad |title=Self-help Groups and Marginalised Communities |date=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-621-3 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVNg-i-nx_MC&q=muzaffarpur |access-date=20 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
The most famous temple in Muzaffarpur is [[Baba Garib Sthan Mandir]], It is known as the [[Deoghar]] of Bihar.


==History==
==History==
Muzaffarpur's significance in Indian civilization is due to its position between cultural and spiritual influences and is a melting pot of Hindu and Islamic culture. Muzaffarpur has had prominent Indian political leaders, such as [[Rajendra Prasad]], [[George Fernandes]] and [[J. B. Kripalani]]. The vernacular languages of the region are [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Bajjika dialect|Bajjika]], as per the linguist [[George Abraham Grierson|George Grierson]];,<ref name="dialect">Abhishek Kumar Kashyap, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259569512_The_Bajjika_language_and_speech_community_Abhishek_Kumar_Kashyap The Bajjika language and speech community] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219003353/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259569512_The_Bajjika_language_and_speech_community_Abhishek_Kumar_Kashyap |date=19 February 2017 }}" in ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language'' 227:209-224, May 2014. DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2014-0001. Accessed 18 February 2017</ref> derived from the language of the Vedic [[Vrijji]] confederation.
The city was founded by Muẓaffar Khan in the 18th century and was constituted a municipality in 1864. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). [[Lychee]], [[sweet corn]], [[mango]], [[vegetables]], [[rice]] and sugar milling alongside cutlery manufacturing are the chief industries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Muzaffarpur|title = Muzaffarpur &#124; India}}</ref>


===Etymology===
In 1972, the [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]] and [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 11 October 2011 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 17 October 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
The current city was established in 1300 during the [[British Raj]] for administrative convenience, by dividing the [[Tirhut]] district and was named after an ''[[Glossary of the British Raj|aumil]]'', Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as ''Muzaffarpur''.<ref name=book1>{{cite book |last1=Faizi |first1=Amir Afaque Ahmad |title=Self-help Groups and Marginalised Communities |date=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-621-3 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVNg-i-nx_MC&q=muzaffarpur |access-date=20 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
 
===After Independence===
In 1972, the [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]] and [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 11 October 2011 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 17 October 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
 
===Founded===
The city was founded by Muẓaffar Khan in the 1300th century and was constituted a municipality in 1300. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). Rice and sugar milling and cutlery manufacture are the chief industries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Muzaffarpur|title = Muzaffarpur &#124; India}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
Muzaffarpur is located at {{Coord|26.12|N|85.4|E|format=dms}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc&nbsp;– Muzaffarpur] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321225654/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html |date=21 March 2008 }}</ref> The city lies in a highly active [[seismic zone]] of India. In the disastrous [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake|earthquake on 15 January 1934]], much of the town suffered severe damage and many lives were lost.<ref>[http://www.harappa.com/mom/dec98.html Bihar India Earthquake Movie, 15 January 1934] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106111128/http://www.harappa.com/mom/dec98.html |date=6 January 2009 }}. Harappa.com (15 January 1934). Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> It has an average elevation of 47&nbsp;meters (154&nbsp;feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great [[Indo-Gangetic plains]] of [[Bihar]], over [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.
Muzaffarpur is located at {{Coord|26.12|N|85.4|E|format=dms}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321225654/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html|url-status=dead|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarpur, India|archive-date=21 March 2008|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> The city lies in a highly active [[seismic zone]] of India. In the disastrous [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake|earthquake on 15 January 1934]], much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died.<ref>[http://www.harappa.com/mom/dec98.html Bihar India Earthquake Movie, 15 January 1934] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106111128/http://www.harappa.com/mom/dec98.html |date=6 January 2009 }}. Harappa.com (15 January 1934). Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> It has an average elevation of 47&nbsp;meters (154&nbsp;feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great [[Indo-Gangetic plains]] of [[Bihar]], over [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.


===Climate===
===Climate===
Muzaffarpur has [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa) under [[Köppen climate classification]]. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28/40&nbsp;°C, 90% max.) and winter is pleasantly cool, around 06/20&nbsp;°C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur Town is comparatively less to the other parts of Bihar.
Muzaffarpur has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa) under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28-40&nbsp;°C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 06-20&nbsp;°C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar.


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Muzaffarpur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009)
| location = Muzaffarpur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009)
|metric first = yes
| metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 30.8
| Jan record high C = 30.8
| Feb record high C = 34.6
| Feb record high C = 34.6
Line 108: Line 104:
| May record high C = 44.5
| May record high C = 44.5
| Jun record high C = 43.4
| Jun record high C = 43.4
| Jul record high C = 40.5
| Jul record high C = 43.5
| Aug record high C = 40.6
| Aug record high C = 40.6
| Sep record high C = 38.2
| Sep record high C = 38.2
Line 114: Line 110:
| Nov record high C = 33.2
| Nov record high C = 33.2
| Dec record high C = 29.6
| Dec record high C = 29.6
|year record high C = 44.5
| year record high C = 44.5
| Jan high C = 21.9
| Jan high C = 21.9
| Feb high C = 25.7
| Feb high C = 25.7
Line 127: Line 123:
| Nov high C = 28.7
| Nov high C = 28.7
| Dec high C = 24.3
| Dec high C = 24.3
|year high C = 30.5
| year high C = 30.5
| Jan low C = 10.2
| Jan low C = 10.2
| Feb low C = 13.1
| Feb low C = 13.1
Line 140: Line 136:
| Nov low C = 16.3
| Nov low C = 16.3
| Dec low C = 11.8
| Dec low C = 11.8
|year low C = 20.3
| year low C = 20.3
| Jan record low C = 2.7
| Jan record low C = 2.7
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Feb record low C = 2.2
Line 153: Line 149:
| Nov record low C = 7.7
| Nov record low C = 7.7
| Dec record low C = 4.0
| Dec record low C = 4.0
|year record low C = 2.2
| year record low C = 2.2
| rain colour = green
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 10.4
| Jan rain mm = 10.4
Line 161: Line 157:
| May rain mm = 71.5
| May rain mm = 71.5
| Jun rain mm = 160.1
| Jun rain mm = 160.1
| Jul rain mm = 350.5
| Jul rain mm = 294.5
| Aug rain mm = 310.6
| Aug rain mm = 287.6
| Sep rain mm = 230.5
| Sep rain mm = 208.5
| Oct rain mm = 65.4
| Oct rain mm = 65.4
| Nov rain mm = 4.3
| Nov rain mm = 4.3
| Dec rain mm = 4.6
| Dec rain mm = 4.6
|year rain mm = 1147.1
| year rain mm = 1147.1
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 0.9
| Feb rain days = 0.9
Line 180: Line 176:
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.5
| Dec rain days = 0.5
|year rain days = 51.0
| year rain days = 51.0
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 77
| Jan humidity = 77
| Feb humidity = 66
| Feb humidity = 66
Line 194: Line 190:
| Nov humidity = 74
| Nov humidity = 74
| Dec humidity = 78
| Dec humidity = 78
|year humidity = 71
| year humidity = 71
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
Line 237: Line 233:


==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:Vasant Palace, Muzaffarpur.jpg|thumb|वसंत पैलेस]]
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>


===Lychee===
===Lychee===
[[File:Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur.JPG|thumb|Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur]]
[[File:Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur.JPG|thumb|Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur]]
The [[lychee]] crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are ''Shahi'' and ''[[China 3 lychee|China]]''. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |title=7. LYCHEE PRODUCTION IN INDIA |publisher=Fao.org |date=31 May 1992 |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117223239/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |archive-date=17 November 2014 }}</ref>
The [[lychee]] crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are ''Shahi'' and ''[[China 3 lychee|China]]''. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |title=7. LYCHEE PRODUCTION IN INDIA |publisher=Fao.org |date=31 May 1992 |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117223239/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |archive-date=17 November 2014 }}</ref>


Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=162221|title=Bihar is the top litchi producing State, about 300 thousand metric tonnes of litchi is being produced from 32 thousand hectare areas: Shri Radha Mohan Singh|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=162221|title=Bihar is the top litchi producing State, about 300 thousand metric tonnes of litchi is being produced from 32 thousand hectare areas: Shri Radha Mohan Singh|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>


Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. [[Vijay Mallya]]'s group, [[United Breweries Group]], is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.<ref name="Bihar emerging as brewery hub">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |title=Bihar emerging as brewery hub |newspaper=Economic Times |access-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524125923/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |archive-date=24 May 2014 |date=16 January 2012 }}</ref>
Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. [[Vijay Mallya]]'s group, [[United Breweries Group]], is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.<ref name="Bihar emerging as brewery hub">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |title=Bihar emerging as brewery hub |newspaper=Economic Times |access-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524125923/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |archive-date=24 May 2014 |date=16 January 2012 }}</ref>


Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Nishant |title=Sale of tobacco products legal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/sale-of-tobacco-products-legal/cid/1360913 |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=20 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Nishant |title=Sale of tobacco products legal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/sale-of-tobacco-products-legal/cid/1360913 |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=20 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>


==Transport==
==Transport==
===Railways===
===Railways===
[[File: Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction with sunset view]]
[[File:Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction with sunset view]]
[[Muzaffarpur Junction railway station]] is the main railway junction, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur), and Jubba Sahni. It is well connected to major cities of Bihar like [[Hajipur]], [[Patna]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]], [[Begusarai]], [[Bettiah]], [[Motihari]] and [[Darbhanga]]. It also connects Muzaffarpur to many metropolitan cities in India like [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], and [[Kolkata]]. Under the Station Redevelopment Program, the Centre has provisioned Rs. 110 crore for the station to make it world class station by 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Monu|first=Sanjay Kumar|date=2021-01-06|title=Muzaffarpur Junction is to be developed as World Class Station|url=https://www.muzcorner.in/2021/01/muzaffarpur-junction-world-class-station.html|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Muzcorner|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Muzaffarpur Junction railway station]] ('''MFP''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Jn |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/muzaffarpur-jn-mfp
|website=www.railyatri.in
|access-date=18 August 2022
|language=en}}</ref> is a main '''A1 Category''' railway junction in '''Sonpur Division''' of '''East Central Railway''', having total 8 platforms, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur) and Jubba Sahni. More than 200 trains regularly visits this 136+ year old railway junction.
 
===Roads===
===Roads===
[[File: Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57.JPG|thumb|Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57]]
[[File: Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57.JPG|thumb|Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57]]
[[National Highway 57 (India)|National Highway 57]] comes via [[Gorakhpur]], [[Motihari]], Chakia, crosses Muzaffarpur and then goes to [[Darbhanga]], [[Purnia]]. The [[North–South and East-West Corridor|East–West Corridor]] crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. [[National Highway 22 (India)|National Highway 22]] starting from [[Hajipur]] passes through Muzaffarpur and connects Muzaffarpur to [[Sitamarhi]]. [[National Highway 28 (India)|National Highway 28]] connects Muzaffarpur to [[Barauni]], all six National Highways having a junction there.
[[National Highway 57 (India)]] comes via [[Gorakhpur]], [[Motihari]], [[Mehsi]] and crosses Muzaffarpur and [[National Highway 57 (India)]] goes to [[Darbhanga]], [[Purnia]]. The [[North–South and East-West Corridor|East–West Corridor]] crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. [[National Highway 22 (India)]] starting from [[Hajipur]] passes through Muzaffarpur and connects Muzaffarpur to [[Sitamarhi]]. [[National Highway 28 (India)]] connects [[Mehsi]] and Muzaffarpur to [[Barauni]], all 6 National Highways having junction there.


===Airport===
===Airport===
[[Darbhanga Airport]] is the nearest domestic airport, roughly {{convert|64|km|abbr=on}} away by road. Spicejet is currently working from [[Darbhanga Airport]] to different metropolitan cities. [[Patna Airport]] is the nearest international airport, roughly {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} from the city.
[[Muzaffarpur Airport]] ('''IATA: MZU, ICAO: VEMZ''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport |url=https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airports/muzaffarpur-airport-mzu
|website=centreforaviation.com
|access-date=16 August 2022
|language=en}}</ref> is located in Patahi of Muzaffarpur city (besides NH 722 '''Muzaffarpur - [[Chhapra]]''' (Rewa Ghat)) in the state of Bihar, India. It was operable from 1967 to 1982, on a regular basis. Currently it is not in operations, commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport (Bihar) |url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/muzzafarpur.jsp
|website=www.aai.aero
|access-date=16 August 2022
|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport, Patahi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) - In News Article |url=https://www.muzcorner.in/2021/08/centre-demands-475-acres-land-start-airport-muzaffarpur.html
|website=www.muzcorner.in
|access-date=16 August 2022
|language=en}}</ref>
 
[[Darbhanga Airport]] is the nearest domestic airport roughly 64&nbsp;km away by road. [[Patna Airport]] is the nearest customs airport roughly 70&nbsp;km from the city.


==Education==
==Education==
Muzaffarpur has several educational institutions of repute. Some of the prominent ones are:
 
=== University ===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a university to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
* [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University]]


===Colleges===
===Colleges===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
*[[Langat Singh College]]
*[[Langat Singh College]]
*[[Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology]]
*[[Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology]]
Line 269: Line 285:
*[[S.K.J. Law College]]
*[[S.K.J. Law College]]
*[[Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital]]
*[[Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital]]
===Schools ===
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur]]
*[[S.K. Mother International School]] (2007)
{{Cleanup list|section|date=June 2023}}
*[[DAV Public School, Malighat]]<ref>{{cite web |title=DAV Public School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/dav-public-school-malighat-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[DAV Public School, Bakhri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=D.A.V. Ppublic School |url=https://schools.org.in/muzaffarpur/10140809403/d-a-v-public-school-bakhari.html |website=schools.org.in |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Holy mission senior secondary school, Dighra]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Holy Mission Senior Secondary School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/holy-mission-senior-secondary-school-bangra-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Oxford Senior Secondary School, Raghunathpur]],<ref>{{cite web |title=OXFORD SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL|url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/oxford-senior-secondary-school-raghunathpura-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref>
*[[St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/st-josephs-senior-secondary-school-bangra-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=13 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[St. Xavier International School, Adarshgram]]<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Xavier International School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/st-xavier-international-school-adarshgram-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya]], Shantinagar, Ahiyapur,<ref>{{cite web |title=Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/shanti-niketan-awasiya-bal-vidyalaya-ahiyapur-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
<!--Arranged alphabetically per LAST NAMES-->
[[File:रामवृक्ष बेनीपुरी.jpg|thumb|[[Rambriksh Benipuri]]: freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer]]<!--Arranged alphabetically per LAST NAMES-->
*[[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]], political activist
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*[[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]], political activist and freedom fighter
*[[Rambriksh Benipuri]] Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer of [[Hindi literature]]
*[[Rambriksh Benipuri]] Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer of [[Hindi literature]]
*[[Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary]], sports spectator and fan of the [[Indian Cricket Team]]
*[[Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary]], sports spectator and fan of the [[Indian Cricket Team]]
*[[Muhammad Shafi Daudi]], he was a prominent freedom fighter and Scholar. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] stayed at his home when he visited Motihari and started [[Satyagraha]]
*[[Veena Devi]], Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
*[[Veena Devi]], Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
*[[Devaki Nandan Khatri]], the author of ''Chandrakanta'' (in Hindi)
*[[Devaki Nandan Khatri]], the author of ''Chandrakanta'' (in Hindi)
Line 281: Line 313:
*[[Shreya Narayan]], Bollywood actress
*[[Shreya Narayan]], Bollywood actress
*[[Aishwarya Nigam]], a Bollywood playback singer
*[[Aishwarya Nigam]], a Bollywood playback singer
*[[Ajay Nishad]], Indian Politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
*[[Raghunath Pandey]], famous entrepreneur who founded Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital ( SKMCH), Muzaffarpur.
*[[Rajendra Prasad]], India's first president, worked as a professor of English in [[Langat Singh College]]
*[[Rajendra Prasad]], India's first president, worked as a professor of English in [[Langat Singh College]]
*[[Prabhat Ranjan]], Social Entrepreneur, Educationist
*[[Jubba Sahni]], freedom fighter
*[[Jubba Sahni]], freedom fighter
*[[Subrat Saurabh]], a writer
*[[Rajni Ranjan Sahu]], Member Rajya Sabha, 1984–1996
*[[Sunil Sahu]], Educator in the US
*[[Uday Shankar (businessman)|Uday Shankar]] media executive and former journalist, president of [[FICCI]], [[The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific]], and chairman of [[Star India]] and [[The Walt Disney Company India]]
*[[Uday Shankar (businessman)|Uday Shankar]] media executive and former journalist, president of [[FICCI]], [[The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific]], and chairman of [[Star India]] and [[The Walt Disney Company India]]
*[[Janki Ballabh Shastri]], Hindi poet, writer and critic
*[[Janki Ballabh Shastri]], Hindi poet, writer and critic
Line 291: Line 327:
*[[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]], diplomat and freedom fighter
*[[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]], diplomat and freedom fighter
*[[Dinesh Prasad Singh]], Indian politician
*[[Dinesh Prasad Singh]], Indian politician
*[[Kishori Sinha]] Indian politician and educationalist  
*[[Kishori Sinha]] Indian politician and educationalist
*[[Manish Singh]], Indian Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of ZZED Media
*[[Mridula Sinha]], former Governor of Goa (2014{{ndash}}2019)
*[[Mridula Sinha]], former Governor of Goa (2014{{ndash}}2019)
*[[Richa Soni]], TV actress
*[[Richa Soni]], TV actress
*[[Ajay Nishad]], Indian Politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
*[[Bapi Tutul]], Music Composer
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->


==See also==
==See also==
*''[[Appan Samachar]]''
* ''[[Appan Samachar]]''
* [[Baba Garib Sthan Mandir]]
* [[Muzaffarpur district]]
* [[List of cities in Bihar]]
* [[List of cities in Bihar]]
* [[Sujini embroidery work of Bihar]]
* [[Sujini embroidery work of Bihar]]
Line 307: Line 344:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Muzaffarpur}}
 
* [http://muzaffarpur.nic.in Official website of Muzaffarpur District]
* [http://muzaffarpur.nic.in Official website of Muzaffarpur District]
* [http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Official website of Tirhut Division]
* [http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Official website of Tirhut Division]
Line 319: Line 356:
[[Category:Cities and towns in Muzaffarpur district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Muzaffarpur district]]
[[Category:Populated places in Mithila, India]]
[[Category:Populated places in Mithila, India]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Bihar]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Bihar]]
WikiDwarfBOT
Bots, trusted
7,437

edits

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/396841"