Speaker of the Lok Sabha: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of India}}
{{short description|Presiding member of the lower house of the Parliament of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox official post
{{Infobox official post
| post = Speaker
| post = Speaker
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| native_name = {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}
| native_name = {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagsize =  
| flagborder = yes
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniasize = 75px
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| image = Om Birla Member of Parliament Rajasthan India.jpg
| image = Om Birla (2021) (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =  
| imagesize =  
| department = [[Lok Sabha]]
| department = [[Lok Sabha]]
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| incumbentsince = 19 June 2019
| incumbentsince = 19 June 2019
| style = [[The Honourable|The Hon’ble]] {{small|(formal)}}<br />[[Mister|Mr. Speaker]] {{small|(informal)}}
| style = [[The Honourable|The Hon’ble]] {{small|(formal)}}<br />[[Mister|Mr. Speaker]] {{small|(informal)}}
| status = Chairman and presiding officer
| appointer = Members of the [[Lok Sabha]]
| appointer = Members of the [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituting_instrument = Article 93 of the [[Constitution of India]]
| constituting_instrument = Article 93 of the [[Constitution of India]]
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| deputy = [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| deputy = [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| precursor = [[Constituent Assembly of India|President of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
| precursor = [[Constituent Assembly of India|President of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
| salary = [[Indian rupee|₹]] 3.5 lakh per month (excl. allowances)
| salary = {{big|•}} {{INRConvert|400000|lk=r}}<br/>({{small|per month}})<br/>
{{big|•}} {{INRConvert|4800000|lk=r}}<br/>({{small|annually}})
| website = {{URL|https://speakerloksabha.nic.in}}
| website = {{URL|https://speakerloksabha.nic.in}}
| member_of = [[Lok Sabha]]
| member_of = [[Lok Sabha]]
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}}
}}
{{Politics of India}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''Speaker of the Lok Sabha''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}) is the [[Chairperson|presiding officer]] and the highest authority of the [[Lok Sabha]] (House of the People), the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> The speaker is elected generally in the first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the speaker chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha (House of the People),
The '''speaker of the Lok Sabha''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}) is the [[Chairperson|presiding officer]] and the highest official of the [[Lok Sabha]], the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> The speaker is elected generally in the first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the speaker is chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha.


== Election of the speaker ==
== Election of the speaker ==
Newly elected Members of Parliament from the [[Lok Sabha]] elect the Speaker among themselves. The Speaker should be someone who understands Lok Sabha functions and it should be someone accepted among the ruling and opposition parties.
Newly elected Members of Parliament from the [[Lok Sabha]] elect the Speaker among themselves. The Speaker should be someone who understands how the Lok Sabha functions and he/she should be someone accepted among the ruling and opposition parties.


MPs propose a name to the Pro tem speaker. These names are notified to the President of India. The President through their aide Secretary-General notifies the election date. If only one name is proposed, the Speaker is elected without any formal vote. However, if more than one nomination is received, a division (vote) is called. MPs vote for their candidate on such date notified by President. The successful candidate is elected as Speaker of the Lok Sabha until the next general election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/rules/rulep3.pdf|website=164.100.47.194|access-date=21 December 2018|title=Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
MPs propose a name to the ''Pro tem'' speaker. These names are notified to the President of India. The President through their aide Secretary-General notifies the election date. If only one name is proposed, the Speaker is elected without any formal vote. However, if more than one nomination is received, a division (vote) is called. MPs vote for their candidate on such a date notified by President. The successful candidate is elected as Speaker of the Lok Sabha until the next general election.Till now election of all lok sabha speakers has been unanimous<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/rules/rulep3.pdf|website=164.100.47.194|access-date=21 December 2018|title=Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>


==Powers and functions of the speaker==
==Powers and functions of the speaker==


The Speaker of the Lok Sabha conducts the business in house, and decides whether a bill is a [[money bill]] or not. They maintain discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for unruly behavior by suspending them. They also permit the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions such as a [[motion of no confidence]], [[Adjournment debate|motion of adjournment]], [[motion of censure]] and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the [[President (government title)|President]]. Further, all comments and speeches made by members of the House are addressed to the Speaker. The Speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the [[Parliament of India]]. The counterpart of the Speaker in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of the States) is its Chairperson; the [[Vice-President of India]] is the ''[[ex-officio]]'' chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. On the [[Indian order of precedence|order of precedence]], the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the [[Chief Justice of India]]. The Speaker is answerable to the House. Both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker may be removed by a resolution passed by the majority of the members. Lok Sabha Speaker can be elected by President on a nomination basis.
The Speaker of the Lok Sabha conducts the business in house, and decides whether a bill is a [[money bill]] or not. They maintain discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for unruly behavior with respect to law after suspending them. They also permit the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions such as a [[motion of no confidence]], [[Adjournment debate|motion of adjournment]], [[motion of censure]] and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the [[President (government title)|President]]. Further, all comments and speeches made by members of the House are addressed to the Speaker. The Speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the [[Parliament of India]]. The counterpart of the Speaker in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of the States) is its Chairperson; the [[Vice-President of India]] is the ''[[ex-officio]]'' chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. On the [[Indian order of precedence|order of precedence]], the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the [[Chief Justice of India]]. The Speaker is answerable to the House. Both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker may be removed by a resolution passed by the majority of the members. Lok Sabha Speaker can be elected by President on a nomination basis.
All bill passed requires his or her signature to go to the Rajya Sabha for its consideration. He/ She is the highest official of the Lok Sabha.  The Speaker also has a casting vote in the event of a tie. It is customary for the Presiding Officer to exercise the casting vote in such a manner as to maintain the status quo.[http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/FAQ.aspx]
 
All bills passed requires the speaker's signature to go to the Rajya Sabha for its consideration. The Speaker also has a casting vote in the event of a tie. It is customary for the Presiding Officer to exercise the casting vote in such a manner as to maintain the status quo.[http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/FAQ.aspx]


==Removal of the speaker==
==Removal of the speaker==
Speaker can be removed by the Lok Sabha by a resolution passed by an effective majority (>50% of total strength excluding vacancies) of the house as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Articles 94 and 96]].
Speaker can be removed by the Lok Sabha by a resolution passed by effective majority of the house as per Constitution of India[Articles 94].


The Speaker is also removed on being disqualified for being [[Lok Sabha]] member under sections 7 and 8 of [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sections 7 & 8k, Representation of the People Act, 1951|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|access-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501024716/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> This would arise out of speaker's wrong certification of a bill as money bill inconsistent with the definition given in [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Articles 110]] of the constitution.<ref>{{cite web|title= Aadhaar Act as Money Bill: Why the Lok Sabha isn't Immune from Judicial Review |url=http://thewire.in/34721/identity-of-the-aadhaar-act-supreme-court-and-the-money-bill-question/|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> When courts uphold the unconstitutional act of the speaker for wrong certification of a bill as money bill, it amounts to disrespecting the constitution deserving conviction under [[Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971]] which is applicable for disqualification of speaker's Lok Sabha membership under section 8K of Representation of the People Act, 1951. However, the omissions in the procedure committed by the speaker in the Lok Sabha can not be challenged in court of law per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 122]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61480953/|title=Interpretation of Article 122 by the Supreme Court|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>
The Speaker is also removed on being disqualified for being [[Lok Sabha]] member under sections 7 and 8 of [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sections 7 & 8k, Representation of the People Act, 1951|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|access-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501024716/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> This would arise out of speaker's wrong certification of a bill as money bill inconsistent with the definition given in [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Articles 110]] of the constitution.<ref>{{cite web|title= Aadhaar Act as Money Bill: Why the Lok Sabha isn't Immune from Judicial Review |url=http://thewire.in/34721/identity-of-the-aadhaar-act-supreme-court-and-the-money-bill-question/|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> When courts uphold the unconstitutional act of the speaker for wrong certification of a bill as money bill, it amounts to disrespecting the constitution deserving conviction under [[Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971]] which is applicable for disqualification of speaker's Lok Sabha membership under section 8K of Representation of the People Act, 1951. However, the omissions in the procedure committed by the speaker in the Lok Sabha can not be challenged in court of law per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 122]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61480953/|title=Interpretation of Article 122 by the Supreme Court|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>
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The first meeting after the election when the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are selected by members of the Parliament is held under the ''pro tem'' Speaker. In absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker acts as Speaker and in the absence of both a committee of six&nbsp;members selected by the Speaker will act as Speaker according to their seniority.
The first meeting after the election when the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are selected by members of the Parliament is held under the ''pro tem'' Speaker. In absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker acts as Speaker and in the absence of both a committee of six&nbsp;members selected by the Speaker will act as Speaker according to their seniority.


The eligibility criteria to become the Speaker of the Lok Sabha are:
Eligiblilty for Speaker of the Lok Sabha include:
 
* He or she must be a citizen of India;
* He or she must not be less than 25 years of age; and
* He or she should not hold any office of profit under the [[Government of India]], or a [[State governments of India|state government]].
*He should not be a Criminal Offender.


==List of speakers<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/frmspeaker.asp|access-date=2021-06-12|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in}}</ref>==
* Being a citizen of India;
* Not be less than 25 years of age;
* Not holding any office of profit under the [[Government of India]], or a [[State governments of India|state government]]; and
* Not being a Criminal Offender.


{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
==List of speakers==
|-
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!rowspan=2| No.
! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}{{efn|A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
!rowspan=2| Name
! scope="col" | Portrait
!rowspan=2| Portrait
! scope="col" | Name
! rowspan="2" |Constituency
! scope="col" | [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Constituency]]
!colspan=4| Term
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Tenure<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/frmspeaker.asp|access-date=14 October 2021|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in}}</ref>
!rowspan=2 colspan=2| Party
! scope="col" | [[Lok Sabha]]<br /><small>([[Lok Sabha Elections|election]])</small>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
|-
! From
| style="height: 45px;" | 1
! To
|[[File:G._V._Mavalankar.jpg|83x83px]]
! Length
| [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]]
! Lok Sabha<ref>{{cite web|title= Office of the Lok Sabha Speaker |url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref>
| [[Ahmedabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad]]
| 15 May 1952
| 27 February 1956
| {{Ayd|15 May 1952|27 February 1956}}
| rowspan="2" | [[1st Lok Sabha|1st]]
<small>([[1951 Indian general election|1951 election]])</small>
| rowspan="8" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="8" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center| 1
| rowspan="2" style="height: 45px;" | 2
| [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]]
| rowspan="2" |
|[[File:G._V._Mavalankar.jpg|83x83px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
|[[Ahmedabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Chittoor (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
| 15 May 1952
| 8 March 1956
| 27 February 1956
| 4 April 1957
| {{Age in years and days|1952|5|15|1956|2|27}}
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|8 March 1956|16 April 1962}}
|rowspan=2 align=center| [[1st Lok Sabha|1st]]
|rowspan=8| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=8 width="4px" style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 2
| 5 April 1957
|rowspan=2| [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
| 31 March 1962
|rowspan=2|
|[[2nd Lok Sabha|2nd]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chittoor (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
<small>([[1957 Indian general election|1957 election]])</small>
| 8 March 1956
| 10 May 1957
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|8 march 1956|16 april 1962}}
|-
|-
| 11 May 1957
| 3
| 16 April 1962
|
|align=center |[[2nd Lok Sabha|2nd]]
| [[Hukam Singh (Punjab politician)|Hukam Singh]]
| [[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
| style="height: 45px;" | 17 April 1962
| 16 March 1967
| {{Ayd|17 April 1962|16 March 1967}}
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|3rd]]
<small>([[1962 Indian general election|1962 election]])</small>
|-
|-
|align=center| 3
|4
| [[Hukam Singh (Punjab politician)|Hukam Singh]]
|[[File:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.jpg|111x111px]]
|
|[[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
|[[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
| 17 April 1962
| 16 March 1967
| {{Age in years and days|1962|4|17|1967|3|16}}
|align=center| [[3rd Lok Sabha|3rd]]
|-
|align=center| 4
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
|[[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
| 17 March 1967
| style="height: 45px;" | 17 March 1967
| 19 July 1969
| 19 July 1969
| {{Age in years and days|1967|3|17|1969|7|19}}
|{{Ayd|17 March 1967|19 July 1969}}
|align=center rowspan=2| [[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]
| rowspan="2" | [[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]
<small>([[1967 Indian general election|1967 election]])</small>
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 5
| rowspan="2" style="height: 45px;" | 5
|rowspan=2| [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
| rowspan="2" |
|rowspan=2 align=center height=100px| —
| rowspan="2" | [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Tarn Taran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tarn Taran]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Tarn Taran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tarn Taran]]
| 8 August 1969
| 8 August 1969
| 17 March 1971
| 17 March 1971
| {{Age in years and days|1969|8|8|1971|3|17}}
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|8 August 1969|27 November 1975}}
|-
|-
| 22 March 1971
| style="height: 45px;" | 22 March 1971
| 1 December 1975
| 1 December 1975
| {{Age in years and days|1971|3|22|1975|12|1}}
| rowspan="2" |[[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]
|align=center rowspan=2| [[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]
<small>([[1971 Indian general election|1971 election]])</small>
|-
|-
|align=center| 6
|6
| [[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
|[[File:B.R. Bhagat in a meeting (cropped).png|75x75px]]
| [[File:Nicolae_Ceauşescu_and_B.R._Bhagat_(cropped).png|75x75px]]
|[[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
|[[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
|[[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
| 15 January 1976
| style="height: 45px;" | 15 January 1976
| 25 March 1977
| 25 March 1977
| {{Age in years and days|1976|1|15|1977|3|25}}
|{{Ayd|15 January 1976|25 March 1977}}
|-
|-
|align=center| (4)
| style="height: 45px;" | (4)
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| [[File:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.jpg|111x111px]]
| [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
|[[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
| [[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
| 26 March 1977
| 26 March 1977
| 13 July 1977
| 13 July 1977
| {{Age in years and days|1977|3|26|1977|7|13}}
| {{Ayd|26 March 1977|13 July 1977}}
|rowspan=2 align=center| [[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]
| rowspan="2" | [[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Janata Party]]
<small>([[1977 Indian general election|1977 election]])</small>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center| 7
| style="height: 45px;" | 7
| [[K. S. Hegde]]
|[[File:K. S. Hegde.jpg|106x106px]]
| [[File:K._S._Hegde.jpg|106x106px]]
| [[K. S. Hegde]]
|[[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
| [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
| 21 July 1977
| 21 July 1977
| 21 January 1980
| 21 January 1980
| {{Age in years and days|1977|7|21|1980|1|21}}
| {{Ayd|21 July 1977|21 January 1980}}
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 8
| rowspan="2" | 8
| rowspan="2" | [[Balram Jakhar]]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Dr Balram Jakhar.jpg|98x98px]]
|rowspan=2| [[File:Dr_Balram_Jakhar.jpg|98x98px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Balram Jakhar]]
|[[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur]]
| [[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozpur]]
| 22 January 1980
| style="height: 45px;" | 22 January 1980
| 15 January 1985
| 15 January 1985
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|22 january 1980|18 december 1989}}
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|22 January 1980|18 December 1989}}
|align=center| [[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]
| [[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress]]
<small>([[1980 Indian general election|1980 election]])</small>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| 16 January 1985
| style="height: 45px;" | 16 January 1985
| 18 December 1989
| 18 December 1989
|align=center| [[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]
| [[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]
<small>([[1984 Indian general election|1984 election]])</small>
|-
|-
|align=center| 9
| style="height: 45px;" | 9
| [[Rabi Ray]]
| [[File:Portrait of Rabi Ray.jpg|87x87px]]
| align=center height=100px| [[File:Portrait_of_Rabi_Ray.jpg|87x87px]]
| [[Rabi Ray]]
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| 19 December 1989
| 19 December 1989
| 9 July 1991
| 9 July 1991
| {{Age in years and days|1989|12|19|1991|7|9}}
| {{Ayd|19 December 1989|9 July 1991}}
|align=center| [[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]
|[[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]
| [[Janata Dal]]
<small>([[1989 Indian general election|1989 election]])</small>
| style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
|[[Janata Dal]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center| 10
| style="height: 45px;" | 10
| [[Shivraj Patil]]
| [[File:Shivraj Patil.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[File:Shivraj_Patil.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Shivraj Patil]]
|[[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
| [[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
| 10 July 1991
| 10 July 1991
| 22 May 1996
| 22 May 1996
| {{Age in years and days|1991|7|10|1996|5|22}}
| {{Ayd|10 July 1991|22 May 1996}}
|align=center| [[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress]]
<small>([[1991 Indian general election|1991 election]])</small>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center| 11
| style="height: 45px;" | 11
| [[P. A. Sangma]]
| [[File:The former Lok Sabha Speaker Shri P.A. Sangma met the Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in New Delhi on January 18, 2004 (cropped).png|75x75px]]
| [[File:The_former_Lok_Sabha_Speaker_Shri_P.A._Sangma_met_the_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_January_18,_2004_(cropped).png|75x75px]]
| [[P. A. Sangma]]
|[[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
| [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
| 23 May 1996
| 23 May 1996
| 23 March 1998
| 23 March 1998
| {{Age in years and days|1996|5|23|1998|3|23}}
| {{Ayd|23 May 1996|23 March 1998}}
|align=center| [[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
<small>([[1996 Indian general election|1996 election]])</small>
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 12
| rowspan="2" style="height: 45px;" | 12
|rowspan=2| [[G. M. C. Balayogi]]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:G. M. C. Balayogi in New Delhi, India, 2001.jpg|112x112px]]
|rowspan=2 align=center height=100px| [[File:G._M._C._Balayogi_in_New_Delhi,_India,_2001.jpg|112x112px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[G. M. C. Balayogi]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Amalapuram (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Amalapuram (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]]
| 24 March 1998
| 24 March 1998
| 19 October 1999
| 19 October 1999
| {{Age in years and days|1998|3|24|1999|10|19}}
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|24 March 1998|1 March 2002}}
|align=center| [[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
<small>([[1998 Indian general election|1998 election]])</small>
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Telugu Desam Party/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|-
|-
| 22 October 1999
| 22 October 1999
| 3 March 2002
| 3 March 2002
| {{Age in years and days|1999|10|22|2002|3|3}}
| rowspan="2" | [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
|rowspan=2 align=center| [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
<small>([[1999 Indian general election|1999 election]])</small>
|-
|- style="height: 45px;"
|align=center| 13
| 13
| [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]]
| [[Manohar Joshi]]
| [[Manohar Joshi]]
| [[File:Manohar_Joshi_cropped.jpg|110x110px]]
| [[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]]
|[[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]]
| 10 May 2002
| 10 May 2002
| 2 June 2004
| 2 June 2004
| {{Ayd|10 May 2002|2 June 2004}}
| {{Age in years and days|2002|5|10|2004|6|2}}
| [[Shiv Sena]]
| [[Shiv Sena]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="background-color: {{Shiv Sena/meta/color}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center| 14
| 14
|[[Somnath Chatterjee]]
| [[File:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Shri Somnath Chatterjee addressing a press conference, in New Delhi on February 27, 2009.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[File:Somnath_Chatterjee_speaking_at_the_inauguration_of_the_Eighth_meeting_of_the_Commonwealth_Chief_Election_Officers,_organised_by_the_Election_Commission_of_India_in_co-ordination_with_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat,_in_New_Delhi.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[Somnath Chatterjee]]
|[[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
|[[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| 4 June 2004
| style="height: 45px;" | 4 June 2004
| 31 May 2009
| 31 May 2009
| {{Age in years and days|2004|6|4|2009|5|31}}
| {{Ayd|4 June 2004|31 May 2009}}
|align=center| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
<small>([[2004 Indian general election|2004 election]])</small>
| style="background-color: {{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}" |
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center| 15
|15
| [[Meira Kumar]]
|[[File:The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar in 2010.jpg|95x95px]]
| [[File:Meira_Kumar.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Meira Kumar]]
|[[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
| style="height: 45px;" | [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
| 4 June 2009
| 4 June 2009
| 4 June 2014
| 4 June 2014
| {{Age in years and days|2009|6|4|2014|6|4}}
|{{Ayd|4 June 2009|4 June 2014}}
|align=center| [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
| [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
<small>([[2009 Indian general election|2009 election]])</small>
| style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
 
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
|align=center| 16
| style="height: 45px;" | 16
| [[Sumitra Mahajan]]
| [[File:Sumitra Mahajan.jpg|88x88px]]
| [[File:Sumitra_Mahajan.jpg|88x88px]]
| [[Sumitra Mahajan]]
|[[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]]
| [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]]
| 6 June 2014
| 6 June 2014
| 17 June 2019
| 17 June 2019
|{{Age in years and days|2014|6|6|2019|6|17}}
| {{Ayd|6 June 2014|17 June 2019}}
|align=center| [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
| [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
<small>([[2014 Indian general election|2014 election]])</small>
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|-
| align="center" | 17
| style="height: 45px;" | 17
|[[Om Birla]]
| [[File:Om Birla (2021) (cropped).jpg|104x104px]]
| [[File:Om Birla Member of Parliament Rajasthan India.jpg|104x104px]]
| [[Om Birla]]
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| 19 June 2019
| 19 June 2019
| ''Incumbent''
| ''Incumbent''
| {{Ayd|19 june 2019}}
| {{Ayd|19 June 2019}}
| align="center" |[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|-365 days
<small>([[2019 Indian general election|2019 election]])</small>
|}
|}
{{Notelist}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Vice President of India]] (Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha)
*[[Vice President of India]] (Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha)
*[[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
*[[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
*[[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]]

Latest revision as of 21:58, 6 March 2023


Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa
Emblem of India
Flag of India
Incumbent
Om Birla
since 19 June 2019
Lok Sabha
StyleThe Hon’ble (formal)
Mr. Speaker (informal)
StatusChairman and presiding officer
Member ofLok Sabha
Reports toParliament of India
Residence20, Akbar Road, New Delhi, Delhi, India[1]
Seat16, Parliament House, Sansad Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, India
AppointerMembers of the Lok Sabha
Term lengthDuring the life of the Lok Sabha (five years maximum)
Constituting instrumentArticle 93 of the Constitution of India
PrecursorPresident of the Constituent Assembly of India
Inaugural holderGanesh Vasudev Mavalankar (1952–1956)
Formation15 May 1952
DeputyDeputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Salary• ₹400,000 (US$5,600)
(per month)
• ₹4,800,000 (US$67,000)
(annually)
Websitespeakerloksabha.nic.in
India
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
India
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The speaker of the Lok Sabha (IAST: Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa) is the presiding officer and the highest official of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.[2] The speaker is elected generally in the first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the speaker is chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha.

Election of the speaker[edit | edit source]

Newly elected Members of Parliament from the Lok Sabha elect the Speaker among themselves. The Speaker should be someone who understands how the Lok Sabha functions and he/she should be someone accepted among the ruling and opposition parties.

MPs propose a name to the Pro tem speaker. These names are notified to the President of India. The President through their aide Secretary-General notifies the election date. If only one name is proposed, the Speaker is elected without any formal vote. However, if more than one nomination is received, a division (vote) is called. MPs vote for their candidate on such a date notified by President. The successful candidate is elected as Speaker of the Lok Sabha until the next general election.Till now election of all lok sabha speakers has been unanimous[3][4]

Powers and functions of the speaker[edit | edit source]

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha conducts the business in house, and decides whether a bill is a money bill or not. They maintain discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for unruly behavior with respect to law after suspending them. They also permit the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions such as a motion of no confidence, motion of adjournment, motion of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the President. Further, all comments and speeches made by members of the House are addressed to the Speaker. The Speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the Parliament of India. The counterpart of the Speaker in the Rajya Sabha (Council of the States) is its Chairperson; the Vice-President of India is the ex-officio chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. On the order of precedence, the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the Chief Justice of India. The Speaker is answerable to the House. Both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker may be removed by a resolution passed by the majority of the members. Lok Sabha Speaker can be elected by President on a nomination basis.

All bills passed requires the speaker's signature to go to the Rajya Sabha for its consideration. The Speaker also has a casting vote in the event of a tie. It is customary for the Presiding Officer to exercise the casting vote in such a manner as to maintain the status quo.[1]

Removal of the speaker[edit | edit source]

Speaker can be removed by the Lok Sabha by a resolution passed by effective majority of the house as per Constitution of India[Articles 94].

The Speaker is also removed on being disqualified for being Lok Sabha member under sections 7 and 8 of Representation of the People Act, 1951.[5] This would arise out of speaker's wrong certification of a bill as money bill inconsistent with the definition given in Articles 110 of the constitution.[6] When courts uphold the unconstitutional act of the speaker for wrong certification of a bill as money bill, it amounts to disrespecting the constitution deserving conviction under Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 which is applicable for disqualification of speaker's Lok Sabha membership under section 8K of Representation of the People Act, 1951. However, the omissions in the procedure committed by the speaker in the Lok Sabha can not be challenged in court of law per Article 122.[7]

Pro tem speaker[edit | edit source]

After a general election and formation of a new government, a list of senior Lok Sabha members prepared by the Legislative Section is submitted to the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, who selects a pro tem speaker. The appointment has to be approved by the President.[8]

The first meeting after the election when the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are selected by members of the Parliament is held under the pro tem Speaker. In absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker acts as Speaker and in the absence of both a committee of six members selected by the Speaker will act as Speaker according to their seniority.

Eligiblilty for Speaker of the Lok Sabha include:

  • Being a citizen of India;
  • Not be less than 25 years of age;
  • Not holding any office of profit under the Government of India, or a state government; and
  • Not being a Criminal Offender.

List of speakers[edit | edit source]

No.[lower-alpha 1] Portrait Name Constituency Tenure[9] Lok Sabha
(election) 		Party
1 Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar Ahmedabad 15 May 1952 27 February 1956 3 years, 288 days 1st

(1951 election)

Indian National Congress
2 M. A. Ayyangar Chittoor 8 March 1956 4 April 1957 6 years, 39 days
5 April 1957 31 March 1962 2nd

(1957 election)

3 Hukam Singh Patiala 17 April 1962 16 March 1967 4 years, 333 days 3rd

(1962 election)

4 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Hindupur 17 March 1967 19 July 1969 2 years, 124 days 4th

(1967 election)

5 Gurdial Singh Dhillon Tarn Taran 8 August 1969 17 March 1971 6 years, 111 days
22 March 1971 1 December 1975 5th

(1971 election)

6 Bali Ram Bhagat Arrah 15 January 1976 25 March 1977 1 year, 69 days
(4) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Nandyal 26 March 1977 13 July 1977 109 days 6th

(1977 election)

Janata Party
7 K. S. Hegde Bangalore South 21 July 1977 21 January 1980 2 years, 184 days
8 Balram Jakhar Ferozpur 22 January 1980 15 January 1985 9 years, 330 days 7th

(1980 election)

Indian National Congress
Sikar 16 January 1985 18 December 1989 8th

(1984 election)

9 Rabi Ray Kendrapara 19 December 1989 9 July 1991 1 year, 202 days 9th

(1989 election)

Janata Dal
10 Shivraj Patil Latur 10 July 1991 22 May 1996 4 years, 317 days 10th

(1991 election)

Indian National Congress
11 P. A. Sangma Tura 23 May 1996 23 March 1998 1 year, 304 days 11th

(1996 election)

12 G. M. C. Balayogi Amalapuram 24 March 1998 19 October 1999 3 years, 342 days 12th

(1998 election)

Telugu Desam Party
22 October 1999 3 March 2002 13th

(1999 election)

13 Manohar Joshi Mumbai North Central 10 May 2002 2 June 2004 2 years, 23 days Shiv Sena
14 Somnath Chatterjee Bolpur 4 June 2004 31 May 2009 4 years, 361 days 14th

(2004 election)

Communist Party of India (Marxist)
15 Meira Kumar Sasaram 4 June 2009 4 June 2014 5 years, 0 days 15th

(2009 election)

Indian National Congress
16 Sumitra Mahajan Indore 6 June 2014 17 June 2019 5 years, 11 days 16th

(2014 election)

Bharatiya Janata Party
17 Om Birla Kota 19 June 2019 Incumbent 7 years, 57 days 17th

(2019 election)

  1. ↑ A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Members : Lok Sabha". 164.100.47.194. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  2. ↑ "The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha". speakerloksabha.nic.in. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  3. ↑ "Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons" (PDF). 164.100.47.194. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  4. ↑ "The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha". speakerloksabha.nic.in. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  5. ↑ "Sections 7 & 8k, Representation of the People Act, 1951" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  6. ↑ "Aadhaar Act as Money Bill: Why the Lok Sabha isn't Immune from Judicial Review". Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "Interpretation of Article 122 by the Supreme Court". Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  8. ↑ Ashok, Akash Deep (4 June 2014). "Pro tem Speaker: All you need to know about this parliamentary post". India Today. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  9. ↑ "The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha". speakerloksabha.nic.in. Retrieved 14 October 2021.

External links[edit | edit source]

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