Sahana (raga): Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by Ser Amantio di Nicolao
Last edited May 28, 2022
VisualWikitext
imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao
 
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Sahana
| name          = Sahana
Line 16: Line 19:
| similar      =
| similar      =
}}
}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
 
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}
'''Sahana''' (pronounced sahānā) is a popular [[raga]]m (musical scale) in [[Carnatic music]]. It is a [[janya]] rāgam (derived scale) associated with the 28th [[Melakarta]] rāgam [[Harikambhoji]].
{{Carnatic}}
'''Sahana''' (pronounced sahānā) is a popular [[rāga]]m (musical scale) in [[Carnatic music]]. It is a [[janya]] rāgam (derived scale) associated with the 28th [[Melakarta]] rāgam [[Harikambhoji]].


The [[Hindustani music]] ragam ''Sahana'' is an upper-tetrachord-dominant Kanada-anga [[raga]], from the Kafi thaat, also allied with [[Bageshree]] and [[Bhimpalasi]]. The shuddha Dhaivat is an important rest note (nyaas swara).
The [[Hindustani music]] ragam ''Sahana'' is an upper-tetrachord-dominant Kanada-anga [[raga]], from the Kafi thaat, also allied with [[Bageshree]] and [[Bhimpalasi]]. The shuddha Dhaivat is an important rest note (nyaas swara).
Line 26: Line 27:
It is a ''Ubhaya Vakra [[sampoorna raga]]m''. ''Vakra'' means crooked. ''Ubhaya Vakra'' means that the notes in both ascent and descent follow a zig zag pattern. The notes in ascending and descending scale do not follow a strict progression. Hence the note phrases contain such ''vakra'' phrases, lending a unique beauty to this rāgam. Though it is a ''sampoorna rāgam'' (contains all 7 notes), the ''vakra'' scale means it is not considered a ''melakarta'', as melakarta rāgams must have strictly ascending and descending scales. It is also classified as a ''rakti raga'' (raga with high melodic content).
It is a ''Ubhaya Vakra [[sampoorna raga]]m''. ''Vakra'' means crooked. ''Ubhaya Vakra'' means that the notes in both ascent and descent follow a zig zag pattern. The notes in ascending and descending scale do not follow a strict progression. Hence the note phrases contain such ''vakra'' phrases, lending a unique beauty to this rāgam. Though it is a ''sampoorna rāgam'' (contains all 7 notes), the ''vakra'' scale means it is not considered a ''melakarta'', as melakarta rāgams must have strictly ascending and descending scales. It is also classified as a ''rakti raga'' (raga with high melodic content).


Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''[[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]]'' for details on below notation and terms):
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|M1|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|M1|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|M1|R2|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|M1|R2|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
Line 52: Line 53:


== In television Series ==
== In television Series ==
* "Thamarapoovil Vazhum" by [[Berny–Ignatius]] (([[Chandralekha (1997 film)]] - Malayalam)
* "Thamarapoovil Vazhum" by [[Berny–Ignatius]] (''[[Chandralekha (1997 film)|Chandralekha]]'' – Malayalam)
* "Chentharmizhi" by [[M. Jayachandran]] ([[Perumazhakkalam]] - Malayalam)
* "Chentharmizhi" by [[M. Jayachandran]] ([[Perumazhakkalam]] – Malayalam)
* "Nadha Nee Varumbol" by [[Alex Paul]] ([[Vasthavam]] - Malayalam)
* "Nadha Nee Varumbol" by [[Alex Paul]] ([[Vasthavam]] – Malayalam)
 
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===


* "Indha Veenaiku Theriyadhu" by [[V.S. Narasimhan]] (Rail Sneham - TV Serial)
* "Indha Veenaiku Theriyadhu" by [[V.S. Narasimhan]] (Rail Sneham – TV Serial)
 
* "Aanmaavin Raagam" by [[Rajesh Vaidhya]] (Sahana – TV Serial)
* "Aanmaavin Raagam" by [[Rajesh Vaidhya]] (Sahana - TV Serial)
* "Jeevan Neeye" by  Renjith Unni (Anbendraale Amma – Music Video)


== Film Songs ==
== Film Songs ==
Line 94: Line 96:
|-
|-
|Engo pirandavaram
|Engo pirandavaram
|[[Bommai]]
|[[Bommai (film)|Bommai]]
|[[S. Balachandar]]
|[[S. Balachandar]]
|-
|-
Line 122: Line 124:
|[[Sirpy]]
|[[Sirpy]]
|[[Chinmayi]]
|[[Chinmayi]]
|}
=== Language:[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Chentharmizhi poonthen mozhi
|[[Perumazhakkalam]]
|[[M. Jayachandran]]
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[K. S. Chithra]],  [[Sharada Kalyanasundaram]]
|-
|Ennodenthinu Pinakakm
|[[Kaliyattam]]
|[[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
|[[Bhavana Radhakrishnan]]
|}
=== Language: [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|ఆకాశ పందిరిలో
|[[శ్రీ రాజేశ్వరీ విలాస్ కాఫీక్లబ్]]
|[[Pendyala]]
|[[P. Susheela|Susheela]]
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 15:25, 28 May 2022

Carnatic music
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box
Sahana
ArohanamS R₂ G₃ M₁ P M₁ D₂ N₂ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ M₁ R₂ G₃ R₂ S

Sahana (pronounced sahānā) is a popular ragam (musical scale) in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) associated with the 28th Melakarta rāgam Harikambhoji.

The Hindustani music ragam Sahana is an upper-tetrachord-dominant Kanada-anga raga, from the Kafi thaat, also allied with Bageshree and Bhimpalasi. The shuddha Dhaivat is an important rest note (nyaas swara).

Structure and Lakshana[edit | edit source]

It is a Ubhaya Vakra sampoorna ragam. Vakra means crooked. Ubhaya Vakra means that the notes in both ascent and descent follow a zig zag pattern. The notes in ascending and descending scale do not follow a strict progression. Hence the note phrases contain such vakra phrases, lending a unique beauty to this rāgam. Though it is a sampoorna rāgam (contains all 7 notes), the vakra scale means it is not considered a melakarta, as melakarta rāgams must have strictly ascending and descending scales. It is also classified as a rakti raga (raga with high melodic content).

Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

The notes used in this scale are Shadjam, Chathusruthi Rishabham, Antara Gandharam, Suddha Madhyamam, Panchamam, Chathusruthi Dhaivatham and Kaisiki Nishadham.

Its characteristic phrases are (R2 G3 M1 P),(P M1 D2 N2), (N2 S D2), (G3 M1 R2). Sahana has a distinct mood due to these phrases and characteristic gamakams and is rarely confused with other ragams.

Sahana has a close relationship to Malavi and to some extent Dwijawanthi/Jujavanti. While the use of Anthara Gaandharam in R2 G2 R2 makes it different from Dwijawanthi, since Dwijawanthi uses Saadharana Gaandharam, sahana has a closer relationship with Malavi which has an identical Vakra scale formation as Sahana.

Select compositions[edit | edit source]

There are a large number of popular songs composed in this rāgam in Carnatic Music as well as Tamil Film Music. Here are some Carnatic music compositions.

In television Series[edit | edit source]

Language:Tamil[edit | edit source]

  • "Indha Veenaiku Theriyadhu" by V.S. Narasimhan (Rail Sneham – TV Serial)
  • "Aanmaavin Raagam" by Rajesh Vaidhya (Sahana – TV Serial)
  • "Jeevan Neeye" by Renjith Unni (Anbendraale Amma – Music Video)

Film Songs[edit | edit source]

Language:Tamil[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Singer
Thamiyen Painthamizh Sivakavi Papanasam Sivan M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Pathiniye Unpol Itharaimeethinil Kannagi S. V. Venkataraman P. U. Chinnappa
Paarthen Sirithen Veera Abhimanyu K. V. Mahadevan P.B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
Ennamellam Thirumanam S. M. Subbaiah Naidu T. M. Soundararajan
Nee Engey En Mannippu P. Susheela
Engo pirandavaram Bommai S. Balachandar
Aadhi nathan ketkindran Ganga Gowri M.S. Viswanathan T. M. Soundararajan, S. Janaki
Azhage Sugama (Dwijavanthi mixed) Parthale Paravasam A. R. Rahman Srinivas, Sadhana Sargam
Rukku Rukku Avvai Shanmughi Deva Kamal Haasan, Sujatha
Indhu Maha Samudrame

(Ragamalika:Sahana, Desh)

Mannava Hariharan, K. S. Chithra
Poothene Eera Nilam Sirpy Chinmayi

Language:Malayalam[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Singer
Chentharmizhi poonthen mozhi Perumazhakkalam M. Jayachandran Madhu Balakrishnan, K. S. Chithra, Sharada Kalyanasundaram
Ennodenthinu Pinakakm Kaliyattam Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri Bhavana Radhakrishnan

Language: Telugu[edit | edit source]

Song Movie Composer Singer
ఆకాశ పందిరిలో శ్రీ రాజేశ్వరీ విలాస్ కాఫీక్లబ్ Pendyala Susheela

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G M P M D Ṉ Ṡ
    • Western: C D E F G F A B♭ C
  2. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G M R G R S
    • Western: C B♭ A G F E F D E D C
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahana_(raga)&oldid=339323"
Discover more