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*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}} | *[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}} | ||
The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara# | The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]]. | ||
==Alternate versions== | ==Alternate versions== | ||
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==Popular compositions== | ==Popular compositions== | ||
There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[ | There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' composed in this ragam. | ||
*''Santana-gopala krishnam'', ''shadanane sakalam arpayami'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] | *''Santana-gopala krishnam'', ''shadanane sakalam arpayami'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] | ||
*''Sujana jeevana'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]] | *''Sujana jeevana'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]] | ||
*''Dooru Maduvarene'', ''Mooruthiyanu niliso'' By [[Purandara Dasa]] | |||
*''Maatada Baradeno'' By Bangalore Nagarathnamma | |||
*''Rama jogi mandu'', ''Ivela Nannu brovara'' and ''Rama rara'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]] | |||
*''Entaninne'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]] | *''Entaninne'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]] | ||
*''[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]'' and ''Intha paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy. | *''[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]'' and ''Intha paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy. | ||
*''Idathu padam thookki'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]] | *''Idathu padam thookki'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]] | ||
*''[[Thillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]] | *''[[Tham Tham Tham - Thillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]] | ||
*'' | *''Dholayam chala Dholayam chala'' by [[Annamacharya]] | ||
*''Upendram ashrayami santatam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya | *''Upendram ashrayami santatam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya | ||
*''Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]] | *''Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based) | |Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based) | ||
| | |[[Komberi Mookan]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Margazhi Matham | |Margazhi Matham | ||
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|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu | |Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu | ||
|[[Swarnalatha]] | |[[Swarnalatha]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{{Janya|state=collapsed}} | {{Janya|state=collapsed}} | ||
[[Category:Janya | [[Category:Janya ragas]] | ||
Revision as of 11:57, 7 May 2022
| Arohanam | S M₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ |
|---|---|
| Avarohanam | Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S |
| Carnatic music |
|---|
 |
| Concepts |
| Compositions |
| Instruments |
|
Khamas[1][2] or Kamās/ Khamās /Khamāch/ Khamāj / Kamāchi (கமாச்) (ఖమాస్/కమాచి) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale.
It is a scale that evokes Shringara rasa.[1][2] It is suitable for javali type compositions.[2]
Structure and Lakshana
Khamas is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham in the ascending scale. It is a vakra-shadava-sampurna rāgam (vakra-shadava, meaning 6 notes in ascending scale with zig-zag moves).[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:
- ārohaṇa : S M₁ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ[lower-alpha 1]
- avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S[lower-alpha 2]
The notes used in this scale are shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam and kaisiki nishadham in ascending scale, with chathusruthi rishabham included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.
Alternate versions
Originally, Khamas was an upanga raga (uses only the notes in the parent scale). Later with the usage in javalis and other later compositions, the bhashanga type of Khamas came into use (using notes external to the scale).[1] Kakali nishadam (N3) is introduced as anya swara (external note) occasionally.[1]
According to Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music, Khamas is a sampurna raga with no zig-zag notes (no vakra usage).[1][2]
Khamāj (खमाज) of Hindustani Music closely resembles Khamas raga. The Hindi film song ‘Tere Mere Milan Ki’ from the movie Abhimaan is based on Khamaj.[3]
Popular compositions
There are many compositions set to Khamas rāgam. Here are some popular kritis composed in this ragam.
- Santana-gopala krishnam, shadanane sakalam arpayami and Sarasa Dala Nayana by Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sujana jeevana and Seethapathe composed by Tyagaraja
- Dooru Maduvarene, Mooruthiyanu niliso By Purandara Dasa
- Maatada Baradeno By Bangalore Nagarathnamma
- Rama jogi mandu, Ivela Nannu brovara and Rama rara by Bhadrachala Ramadasu
- Entaninne by Subbarama Dikshitar
- Broche vaarevaru ra and Intha paraakaelanayya by Mysore Vasudevachar, whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
- Idathu padam thookki by Papanasam Sivan
- Tham Tham Tham - Thillana by Patnam Subramania Iyer
- Dholayam chala Dholayam chala by Annamacharya
- Upendram ashrayami santatam by Mysore Vasudevacharya
- Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate by Muthiah Bhagavatar
- Shambho mahadeva chandrachuda by Parameswara Bhagavatar
- Saraswati sarasa-vani sarasija-bhavunikki-rani by Varadadasar
- Sarasa-sama-mukha, palaya mamayi bho shrikanthesha by Swathi Tirunal
- Jayati jayati bharata-mata by Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri
Film Compositions
Language:Tamil
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orunaal Oru Pozhuthu | Thiruneelakantar | Papanasam Sivan | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar |
| Maanida Jenmam Meendum Vandhidumo | Raja Mukthi | C. R. Subburaman | |
| Naan Pesa Vanthen | Palloti Valartha Killi | Illayaraja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Pallaviye Charanam | Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam | ||
| Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based) | Komberi Mookan | ||
| Margazhi Matham | Panjami(Unreleased Movie) | S. Janaki, T. V. Gopalakrishnan | |
| Kootathilae Kovil Pura((Karnataka Khamas Based) | Idaya Kovil | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | |
| Ponnil Vaanam(Karnataka Khamas Based) | Villu Pattukaran | S. Janaki | |
| Uyirum Neeye | Pavithra | A. R. Rahman | P. Unnikrishnan |
| Sakiyae Nee | Anthimanthaarai | ||
| Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu | Swarnalatha |
