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Muzaffarpur: Difference between revisions
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<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Muzaffarpur | ||
| native_name | | native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | ||
| native_name_lang | | native_name_lang = | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Muzaffarpur Juction Railway Station.jpg | size = 280 | spacing = 1 | position = centre | border = 0 | color = white }} | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = Muzaffarpur Junction | ||
| nickname | | nickname = Lichee City | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India Bihar#India3 | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in India | ||
| image_map | | image_map = | ||
| | | map_caption = Map of City | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|26|7|21|N|85|23|26|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = State | ||
| | | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]] | ||
| | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]] | ||
| | | subdivision_name2 = [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]] | ||
| | | subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]] | ||
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tirhut division|Tirhut]] | |||
| established_title | | established_title = Established | ||
| established_date | | established_date = 1 January 1875 | ||
| seat_type | | seat_type = [[Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| seat | | seat = [[Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| leader_title | | leader_title = Member of Parliament | ||
| leader_name | | leader_name = [[Ajay Nishad]] | ||
| unit_pref | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_footnotes = | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = 28.68 | ||
| elevation_footnotes | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = 60 | ||
| population_total | | population_total = 354462<ref name="census_india"/> | ||
| population_as_of | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_footnotes = | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = | ||
| population_rank | | population_rank = [[List of cities in Bihar by population|2nd]] (Bihar)<br />[[List of cities in India by population|127th]] (India) | ||
| population_demonym | | population_demonym = | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| demographics_type1 | | demographics_type1 = [[Language]] Other Local Language = Bhojpuri | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title= second Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | ||
| demographics1_title2 | | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | ||
| demographics1_info2 | | demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/> | ||
| utc_offset1 | | demographics1_title3 = Regional Languages | ||
| postal_code_type | | demographics1_info3 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]] | ||
| postal_code | | demographics1_title4 = | ||
| area_code | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| area_code_type | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| registration_plate | | postal_code = 842001-05 (Muzaffarpur)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Muzaffarpur/|title=Pin Codes of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, Muzaffarpur Pincode Search|website=indiapincodes.net}}</ref> | ||
| blank1_name_sec1 | | area_code = 0621 | ||
| blank1_info_sec1 | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| website | | registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#BR.E2.80.94Bihar|BR]]-06 | ||
| leader_title1 | | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | ||
| leader_name1 | | blank1_info_sec1 = 890 (females per thousand males)<ref name="census2011"/>[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | ||
| leader_title2 | | website = {{URL|muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in/}} | ||
| leader_name2 | | leader_title1 = Member of Legislative Council | ||
| leader_title3 | | leader_name1 = [[Dinesh Prasad Singh]] | ||
| leader_name3 | | leader_title2 = Member of Legislative Assembly | ||
| blank2_name_sec1 | | leader_name2 = Vijendra Chaudhary<ref>{{cite news |title=Muzaffarpurchunav 2020: क्या इस बार मंत्री जी लगाएंगे हैट्रिक या पूर्व विधायक विजेंद्र चौधरी करेंगे वापसी? |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-will-the-minister-impose-hat-trick-or-former-mla-vijendra-chaudhary-will-come-this-time-in-muzaffarpur-election2020-20997788.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=1 November 2020 |language=hi}}</ref> | ||
| blank2_info_sec1 | | leader_title3 = Mayor | ||
| blank3_name_sec1 | | leader_name3 = Nirmala Sahu | ||
| blank3_info_sec1 | | blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy | ||
| blank4_name_sec1 | | blank2_info_sec1 = 85.16%<ref name="census2011"/> | ||
| blank4_info_sec1 | | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency | ||
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]] | |||
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency | |||
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Muzaffarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Muzaffarpur''' ({{audio|Muzaffarpur.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city located in [[Muzaffarpur district]] in the Tirhut region of the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref name="census2011">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_3Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Cities having population 3 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 7 May 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="census_india">{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 3 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_3Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 13 November 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It serves as the headquarters of the [[Tirhut division]], the [[Muzaffarpur district]] and the Muzaffarpur Railway District. It is the fourth most populous city in Bihar. | |||
Muzaffarpur is famous for Shahi [[lychee]]s and is known as the Lychee Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/shahi-litchi-to-get-gi-tag-soon/articleshow/64900499.cms|title=Bihar's famous Shahi litchi to get GI tag soon|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>[http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/Vaishali.htm Destinations :: Vaishali ::Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722044101/http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/Vaishali.htm|date=22 July 2015}}. Bstdc.bih.nic.in. Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> Shahi litchi is set to become the fourth product from Bihar, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf) to get the [[Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag. It is situated on the banks of the perennial [[Burhi Gandak River|Budhi Gandak River]], which flows from the Someshwar Hills<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |title=bihar |publisher=Scribd.com |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108174043/http://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref> of the [[Himalayas]]. | |||
==Etymology== | |||
The current city was established in 1875 during the [[British Raj]] for administrative convenience, by dividing the [[Tirhut]] district and was named after an ''[[Glossary of the British Raj|aumil]]'', Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as ''Muzaffarpur''.<ref name=book1>{{cite book |last1=Faizi |first1=Amir Afaque Ahmad |title=Self-help Groups and Marginalised Communities |date=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-621-3 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVNg-i-nx_MC&q=muzaffarpur |access-date=20 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The city was founded by Muẓaffar Khan in the 18th century and was constituted a municipality in 1864. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). [[Lychee]], [[sweet corn]], [[mango]], [[vegetables]], [[rice]] and sugar milling alongside cutlery manufacturing are the chief industries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Muzaffarpur|title = Muzaffarpur | India}}</ref> | |||
In 1972, the [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]] and [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 11 October 2011 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 17 October 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
In 1972, the [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]] and [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]] districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.<ref name= | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Muzaffarpur is located at {{Coord|26.12|N|85.4|E|format=dms}}.<ref> | Muzaffarpur is located at {{Coord|26.12|N|85.4|E|format=dms}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321225654/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html|url-status=dead|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarpur, India|archive-date=21 March 2008|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> The city lies in a highly active [[seismic zone]] of India. In the disastrous [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake|earthquake on 15 January 1934]], much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died.<ref>[http://www.harappa.com/mom/dec98.html Bihar India Earthquake Movie, 15 January 1934] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106111128/http://www.harappa.com/mom/dec98.html |date=6 January 2009 }}. Harappa.com (15 January 1934). Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great [[Indo-Gangetic plains]] of [[Bihar]], over [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas. | ||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
Muzaffarpur has [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa) under [[Köppen climate classification]]. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28 | Muzaffarpur has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa) under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28-40 °C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 06-20 °C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar. | ||
{{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
|location = Muzaffarpur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009) | | location = Muzaffarpur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009) | ||
|metric first = yes | | metric first = yes | ||
|single line = yes | | single line = yes | ||
| Jan record high C = 30.8 | | Jan record high C = 30.8 | ||
| Feb record high C = 34.6 | | Feb record high C = 34.6 | ||
| Line 108: | Line 104: | ||
| May record high C = 44.5 | | May record high C = 44.5 | ||
| Jun record high C = 43.4 | | Jun record high C = 43.4 | ||
| Jul record high C = | | Jul record high C = 43.5 | ||
| Aug record high C = 40.6 | | Aug record high C = 40.6 | ||
| Sep record high C = 38.2 | | Sep record high C = 38.2 | ||
| Line 114: | Line 110: | ||
| Nov record high C = 33.2 | | Nov record high C = 33.2 | ||
| Dec record high C = 29.6 | | Dec record high C = 29.6 | ||
|year record high C = 44.5 | | year record high C = 44.5 | ||
| Jan high C = 21.9 | | Jan high C = 21.9 | ||
| Feb high C = 25.7 | | Feb high C = 25.7 | ||
| Line 127: | Line 123: | ||
| Nov high C = 28.7 | | Nov high C = 28.7 | ||
| Dec high C = 24.3 | | Dec high C = 24.3 | ||
|year high C = 30.5 | | year high C = 30.5 | ||
| Jan low C = 10.2 | | Jan low C = 10.2 | ||
| Feb low C = 13.1 | | Feb low C = 13.1 | ||
| Line 140: | Line 136: | ||
| Nov low C = 16.3 | | Nov low C = 16.3 | ||
| Dec low C = 11.8 | | Dec low C = 11.8 | ||
|year low C = 20.3 | | year low C = 20.3 | ||
| Jan record low C = 2.7 | | Jan record low C = 2.7 | ||
| Feb record low C = 2.2 | | Feb record low C = 2.2 | ||
| Line 153: | Line 149: | ||
| Nov record low C = 7.7 | | Nov record low C = 7.7 | ||
| Dec record low C = 4.0 | | Dec record low C = 4.0 | ||
|year record low C = 2.2 | | year record low C = 2.2 | ||
| rain colour = green | | rain colour = green | ||
| Jan rain mm = 10.4 | | Jan rain mm = 10.4 | ||
| Line 161: | Line 157: | ||
| May rain mm = 71.5 | | May rain mm = 71.5 | ||
| Jun rain mm = 160.1 | | Jun rain mm = 160.1 | ||
| Jul rain mm = | | Jul rain mm = 294.5 | ||
| Aug rain mm = | | Aug rain mm = 287.6 | ||
| Sep rain mm = | | Sep rain mm = 208.5 | ||
| Oct rain mm = 65.4 | | Oct rain mm = 65.4 | ||
| Nov rain mm = 4.3 | | Nov rain mm = 4.3 | ||
| Dec rain mm = 4.6 | | Dec rain mm = 4.6 | ||
|year rain mm = 1147.1 | | year rain mm = 1147.1 | ||
| Jan rain days = 0.8 | | Jan rain days = 0.8 | ||
| Feb rain days = 0.9 | | Feb rain days = 0.9 | ||
| Line 180: | Line 176: | ||
| Nov rain days = 0.3 | | Nov rain days = 0.3 | ||
| Dec rain days = 0.5 | | Dec rain days = 0.5 | ||
|year rain days = 51.0 | | year rain days = 51.0 | ||
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| Jan humidity = 77 | | Jan humidity = 77 | ||
| Feb humidity = 66 | | Feb humidity = 66 | ||
| Line 194: | Line 190: | ||
| Nov humidity = 74 | | Nov humidity = 74 | ||
| Dec humidity = 78 | | Dec humidity = 78 | ||
|year humidity = 71 | | year humidity = 71 | ||
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals> | | source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals> | ||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | ||
| Line 237: | Line 233: | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
[[File:Vasant Palace, Muzaffarpur.jpg|thumb|वसंत पैलेस]] | |||
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref> | In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
===Lychee=== | ===Lychee=== | ||
[[File:Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur.JPG|thumb|Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur]] | [[File:Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur.JPG|thumb|Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur]] | ||
The [[lychee]] crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are ''Shahi'' and ''[[China 3 lychee|China]]''. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |title=7. LYCHEE PRODUCTION IN INDIA |publisher=Fao.org |date=31 May 1992 |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117223239/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |archive-date=17 November 2014 | The [[lychee]] crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are ''Shahi'' and ''[[China 3 lychee|China]]''. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |title=7. LYCHEE PRODUCTION IN INDIA |publisher=Fao.org |date=31 May 1992 |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117223239/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |archive-date=17 November 2014 }}</ref> | ||
Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=162221|title=Bihar is the top litchi producing State, about 300 thousand metric tonnes of litchi is being produced from 32 thousand hectare areas: Shri Radha Mohan Singh|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> | Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=162221|title=Bihar is the top litchi producing State, about 300 thousand metric tonnes of litchi is being produced from 32 thousand hectare areas: Shri Radha Mohan Singh|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> | ||
Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. [[Vijay Mallya]]'s group, [[United Breweries Group]], is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.<ref name="Bihar emerging as brewery hub">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |title=Bihar emerging as brewery hub |newspaper=Economic Times |access-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524125923/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |archive-date=24 May 2014 | Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. [[Vijay Mallya]]'s group, [[United Breweries Group]], is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.<ref name="Bihar emerging as brewery hub">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |title=Bihar emerging as brewery hub |newspaper=Economic Times |access-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524125923/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |archive-date=24 May 2014 |date=16 January 2012 }}</ref> | ||
Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Nishant |title=Sale of tobacco products legal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com | Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Nishant |title=Sale of tobacco products legal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/sale-of-tobacco-products-legal/cid/1360913 |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=20 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
===Railways=== | ===Railways=== | ||
[[File: Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction with sunset view]] | [[File:Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction with sunset view]] | ||
[[Muzaffarpur Junction railway station]] | [[Muzaffarpur Junction railway station]] ('''MFP''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Jn |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/muzaffarpur-jn-mfp | ||
|website=www.railyatri.in | |||
|access-date=18 August 2022 | |||
|language=en}}</ref> is a main '''A1 Category''' railway junction in '''Sonpur Division''' of '''East Central Railway''', having total 8 platforms, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur) and Jubba Sahni. More than 200 trains regularly visits this 136+ year old railway junction. | |||
===Roads=== | ===Roads=== | ||
[[File: Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57.JPG|thumb|Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57]] | [[File: Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57.JPG|thumb|Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57]] | ||
[[National Highway 57 (India) | [[National Highway 57 (India)]] comes via [[Gorakhpur]], [[Motihari]], [[Mehsi]] and crosses Muzaffarpur and [[National Highway 57 (India)]] goes to [[Darbhanga]], [[Purnia]]. The [[North–South and East-West Corridor|East–West Corridor]] crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. [[National Highway 22 (India)]] starting from [[Hajipur]] passes through Muzaffarpur and connects Muzaffarpur to [[Sitamarhi]]. [[National Highway 28 (India)]] connects [[Mehsi]] and Muzaffarpur to [[Barauni]], all 6 National Highways having junction there. | ||
===Airport=== | ===Airport=== | ||
[[ | [[Muzaffarpur Airport]] ('''IATA: MZU, ICAO: VEMZ''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport |url=https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airports/muzaffarpur-airport-mzu | ||
|website=centreforaviation.com | |||
|access-date=16 August 2022 | |||
|language=en}}</ref> is located in Patahi of Muzaffarpur city (besides NH 722 '''Muzaffarpur - [[Chhapra]]''' (Rewa Ghat)) in the state of Bihar, India. It was operable from 1967 to 1982, on a regular basis. Currently it is not in operations, commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport (Bihar) |url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/muzzafarpur.jsp | |||
|website=www.aai.aero | |||
|access-date=16 August 2022 | |||
|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport, Patahi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) - In News Article |url=https://www.muzcorner.in/2021/08/centre-demands-475-acres-land-start-airport-muzaffarpur.html | |||
|website=www.muzcorner.in | |||
|access-date=16 August 2022 | |||
|language=en}}</ref> | |||
[[Darbhanga Airport]] is the nearest domestic airport roughly 64 km away by road. [[Patna Airport]] is the nearest customs airport roughly 70 km from the city. | |||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
=== University === | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a university to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
* [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University]] | |||
===Colleges=== | ===Colleges=== | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
*[[Langat Singh College]] | *[[Langat Singh College]] | ||
*[[Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology]] | *[[Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology]] | ||
| Line 269: | Line 285: | ||
*[[S.K.J. Law College]] | *[[S.K.J. Law College]] | ||
*[[Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital]] | *[[Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital]] | ||
===Schools === | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur]] | |||
*[[S.K. Mother International School]] (2007) | |||
{{Cleanup list|section|date=June 2023}} | |||
*[[DAV Public School, Malighat]]<ref>{{cite web |title=DAV Public School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/dav-public-school-malighat-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[DAV Public School, Bakhri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=D.A.V. Ppublic School |url=https://schools.org.in/muzaffarpur/10140809403/d-a-v-public-school-bakhari.html |website=schools.org.in |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[Holy mission senior secondary school, Dighra]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Holy Mission Senior Secondary School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/holy-mission-senior-secondary-school-bangra-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[Oxford Senior Secondary School, Raghunathpur]],<ref>{{cite web |title=OXFORD SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL|url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/oxford-senior-secondary-school-raghunathpura-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/st-josephs-senior-secondary-school-bangra-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=13 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[St. Xavier International School, Adarshgram]]<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Xavier International School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/st-xavier-international-school-adarshgram-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya]], Shantinagar, Ahiyapur,<ref>{{cite web |title=Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/shanti-niketan-awasiya-bal-vidyalaya-ahiyapur-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
<!--Arranged alphabetically per LAST NAMES--> | [[File:रामवृक्ष बेनीपुरी.jpg|thumb|[[Rambriksh Benipuri]]: freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer]]<!--Arranged alphabetically per LAST NAMES--> | ||
*[[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]], political activist | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | |||
*[[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]], political activist and freedom fighter | |||
*[[Rambriksh Benipuri]] Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer of [[Hindi literature]] | *[[Rambriksh Benipuri]] Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer of [[Hindi literature]] | ||
*[[Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary]], sports spectator and fan of the [[Indian Cricket Team]] | *[[Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary]], sports spectator and fan of the [[Indian Cricket Team]] | ||
*[[Muhammad Shafi Daudi]], he was a prominent freedom fighter and Scholar. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] stayed at his home when he visited Motihari and started [[Satyagraha]] | |||
*[[Veena Devi]], Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha | *[[Veena Devi]], Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha | ||
*[[Devaki Nandan Khatri]], the author of ''Chandrakanta'' (in Hindi) | *[[Devaki Nandan Khatri]], the author of ''Chandrakanta'' (in Hindi) | ||
| Line 281: | Line 313: | ||
*[[Shreya Narayan]], Bollywood actress | *[[Shreya Narayan]], Bollywood actress | ||
*[[Aishwarya Nigam]], a Bollywood playback singer | *[[Aishwarya Nigam]], a Bollywood playback singer | ||
*[[Ajay Nishad]], Indian Politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha | |||
*[[Raghunath Pandey]], famous entrepreneur who founded Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital ( SKMCH), Muzaffarpur. | |||
*[[Rajendra Prasad]], India's first president, worked as a professor of English in [[Langat Singh College]] | *[[Rajendra Prasad]], India's first president, worked as a professor of English in [[Langat Singh College]] | ||
*[[Prabhat Ranjan]], Social Entrepreneur, Educationist | |||
*[[Jubba Sahni]], freedom fighter | *[[Jubba Sahni]], freedom fighter | ||
*[[ | *[[Rajni Ranjan Sahu]], Member Rajya Sabha, 1984–1996 | ||
*[[Sunil Sahu]], Educator in the US | |||
*[[Uday Shankar (businessman)|Uday Shankar]] media executive and former journalist, president of [[FICCI]], [[The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific]], and chairman of [[Star India]] and [[The Walt Disney Company India]] | *[[Uday Shankar (businessman)|Uday Shankar]] media executive and former journalist, president of [[FICCI]], [[The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific]], and chairman of [[Star India]] and [[The Walt Disney Company India]] | ||
*[[Janki Ballabh Shastri]], Hindi poet, writer and critic | *[[Janki Ballabh Shastri]], Hindi poet, writer and critic | ||
| Line 291: | Line 327: | ||
*[[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]], diplomat and freedom fighter | *[[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]], diplomat and freedom fighter | ||
*[[Dinesh Prasad Singh]], Indian politician | *[[Dinesh Prasad Singh]], Indian politician | ||
*[[Kishori Sinha]] Indian politician and educationalist | *[[Kishori Sinha]] Indian politician and educationalist | ||
*[[Manish Singh]], Indian Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of ZZED Media | |||
*[[Mridula Sinha]], former Governor of Goa (2014{{ndash}}2019) | *[[Mridula Sinha]], former Governor of Goa (2014{{ndash}}2019) | ||
*[[Richa Soni]], TV actress | *[[Richa Soni]], TV actress | ||
*[[ | *[[Bapi Tutul]], Music Composer | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*''[[Appan Samachar]]'' | * ''[[Appan Samachar]]'' | ||
* [[List of cities in Bihar]] | * [[List of cities in Bihar]] | ||
* [[Sujini embroidery work of Bihar]] | * [[Sujini embroidery work of Bihar]] | ||
| Line 307: | Line 344: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://muzaffarpur.nic.in Official website of Muzaffarpur District] | * [http://muzaffarpur.nic.in Official website of Muzaffarpur District] | ||
* [http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Official website of Tirhut Division] | * [http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Official website of Tirhut Division] | ||
| Line 319: | Line 356: | ||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Muzaffarpur district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Muzaffarpur district]] | ||
[[Category:Populated places in Mithila, India]] | [[Category:Populated places in Mithila, India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:01, 22 July 2023
Muzaffarpur | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Muzaffarpur Junction | |
| Nickname: Lichee City | |
  Muzaffarpur Location in India  Muzaffarpur Muzaffarpur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°7′21″N 85°23′26″E / 26.12250°N 85.39056°ECoordinates: 26°7′21″N 85°23′26″E / 26.12250°N 85.39056°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Bihar |
| District | Muzaffarpur |
| Division | Tirhut |
| Established | 1 January 1875 |
| Municipal Corporation | Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation |
| Government | |
| • Member of Parliament | Ajay Nishad |
| • Member of Legislative Council | Dinesh Prasad Singh |
| • Member of Legislative Assembly | Vijendra Chaudhary[2] |
| • Mayor | Nirmala Sahu |
| Area | |
| • Total | 28.68 km2 (11.07 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 354,462[1] |
| • Rank | 2nd (Bihar) 127th (India) |
| Language Other Local Language = Bhojpuri | |
| • Official | Hindi[3] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[3] |
| • Regional Languages | Maithili |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 842001-05 (Muzaffarpur)[4] |
| Telephone code | 0621 |
| Vehicle registration | BR-06 |
| Sex ratio | 890 (females per thousand males)[5]♂/♀ |
| Literacy | 85.16%[5] |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Muzaffarpur |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Muzaffarpur |
| Website | muzaffarpur |
Muzaffarpur (
pronunciation (help·info)) is a city located in Muzaffarpur district in the Tirhut region of the Indian state of Bihar.[5][1] It serves as the headquarters of the Tirhut division, the Muzaffarpur district and the Muzaffarpur Railway District. It is the fourth most populous city in Bihar.
Muzaffarpur is famous for Shahi lychees and is known as the Lychee Kingdom.[6][7] Shahi litchi is set to become the fourth product from Bihar, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf) to get the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. It is situated on the banks of the perennial Budhi Gandak River, which flows from the Someshwar Hills[8] of the Himalayas.
Etymology[edit]
The current city was established in 1875 during the British Raj for administrative convenience, by dividing the Tirhut district and was named after an aumil, Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as Muzaffarpur.[9]
History[edit]
The city was founded by Muẓaffar Khan in the 18th century and was constituted a municipality in 1864. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). Lychee, sweet corn, mango, vegetables, rice and sugar milling alongside cutlery manufacturing are the chief industries.[10]
In 1972, the Sitamarhi and Vaishali districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.[11]
Geography[edit]
Muzaffarpur is located at 26°07′N 85°24′E / 26.12°N 85.4°E.[12] The city lies in a highly active seismic zone of India. In the disastrous earthquake on 15 January 1934, much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died.[13] It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar, over Himalayan silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.
Climate[edit]
Muzaffarpur has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) under the Köppen climate classification. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28-40 °C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 06-20 °C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar.
| Climate data for Muzaffarpur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) |
34.6 (94.3) |
39.4 (102.9) |
42.2 (108.0) |
44.5 (112.1) |
43.4 (110.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
40.6 (105.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
35.9 (96.6) |
33.2 (91.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
44.5 (112.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.3 (95.5) |
35.2 (95.4) |
34.9 (94.8) |
32.6 (90.7) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.6 (88.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
30.5 (86.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
16.3 (61.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.6 (54.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
4.0 (39.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.4 (0.41) |
11.5 (0.45) |
8.4 (0.33) |
20.2 (0.80) |
71.5 (2.81) |
160.1 (6.30) |
294.5 (11.59) |
287.6 (11.32) |
208.5 (8.21) |
65.4 (2.57) |
4.3 (0.17) |
4.6 (0.18) |
1,147.1 (45.16) |
| Average rainy days | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 12.7 | 11.5 | 8.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 51.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 77 | 66 | 54 | 49 | 60 | 72 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 77 | 74 | 78 | 71 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[14][15] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit]
As of the 2011 India census,[16] Muzaffarpur had a population of 393,724.[1] Males constituted 52.96% (208,509) of the population and females 47.04% (185,215).[1] Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of 74.74%. Male literacy was 77.99%, and female literacy was 71.08%.[1]
As per 2011 census data, there are total 275,233 Hindus whereas 74,680 Muslims and 1,352 Christians along with other small minorities.[17]
Economy[edit]
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[18] It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[18]
Lychee[edit]
The lychee crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are Shahi and China. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.[19]
Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.[20]
Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. Vijay Mallya's group, United Breweries Group, is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.[21]
Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.[22]
Transport[edit]
Railways[edit]
Muzaffarpur Junction railway station (MFP)[23] is a main A1 Category railway junction in Sonpur Division of East Central Railway, having total 8 platforms, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur) and Jubba Sahni. More than 200 trains regularly visits this 136+ year old railway junction.
Roads[edit]
National Highway 57 (India) comes via Gorakhpur, Motihari, Mehsi and crosses Muzaffarpur and National Highway 57 (India) goes to Darbhanga, Purnia. The East–West Corridor crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. National Highway 22 (India) starting from Hajipur passes through Muzaffarpur and connects Muzaffarpur to Sitamarhi. National Highway 28 (India) connects Mehsi and Muzaffarpur to Barauni, all 6 National Highways having junction there.
Airport[edit]
Muzaffarpur Airport (IATA: MZU, ICAO: VEMZ)[24] is located in Patahi of Muzaffarpur city (besides NH 722 Muzaffarpur - Chhapra (Rewa Ghat)) in the state of Bihar, India. It was operable from 1967 to 1982, on a regular basis. Currently it is not in operations, commercially.[25][26]
Darbhanga Airport is the nearest domestic airport roughly 64 km away by road. Patna Airport is the nearest customs airport roughly 70 km from the city.
Education[edit]
University[edit]
Colleges[edit]
- Langat Singh College
- Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology
- Mahant Darshan Das Mahila College
- S.K.J. Law College
- Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital
Schools[edit]
 | This section contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (June 2023) |
- DAV Public School, Malighat[27]
- DAV Public School, Bakhri[28]
- Holy mission senior secondary school, Dighra[29]
- Oxford Senior Secondary School, Raghunathpur,[30]
- St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School[31]
- St. Xavier International School, Adarshgram[32]
- Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya, Shantinagar, Ahiyapur,[33]
Notable people[edit]
Rambriksh Benipuri: freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer
- Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, political activist and freedom fighter
- Rambriksh Benipuri Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer of Hindi literature
- Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary, sports spectator and fan of the Indian Cricket Team
- Muhammad Shafi Daudi, he was a prominent freedom fighter and Scholar. Mahatma Gandhi stayed at his home when he visited Motihari and started Satyagraha
- Veena Devi, Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
- Devaki Nandan Khatri, the author of Chandrakanta (in Hindi)
- Arunabh Kumar, founder and ex-CEO of TVF
- Shahbaz Nadeem, Indian cricketer
- Shreya Narayan, Bollywood actress
- Aishwarya Nigam, a Bollywood playback singer
- Ajay Nishad, Indian Politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
- Raghunath Pandey, famous entrepreneur who founded Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital ( SKMCH), Muzaffarpur.
- Rajendra Prasad, India's first president, worked as a professor of English in Langat Singh College
- Prabhat Ranjan, Social Entrepreneur, Educationist
- Jubba Sahni, freedom fighter
- Rajni Ranjan Sahu, Member Rajya Sabha, 1984–1996
- Sunil Sahu, Educator in the US
- Uday Shankar media executive and former journalist, president of FICCI, The Walt Disney Company Asia Pacific, and chairman of Star India and The Walt Disney Company India
- Janki Ballabh Shastri, Hindi poet, writer and critic
- Baikunth Shukla revolutionary hanged by the British in 1934
- Yogendra Shukla revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist, served time at Kalapani
- Basawon Singh revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist
- Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh, diplomat and freedom fighter
- Dinesh Prasad Singh, Indian politician
- Kishori Sinha Indian politician and educationalist
- Manish Singh, Indian Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of ZZED Media
- Mridula Sinha, former Governor of Goa (2014–2019)
- Richa Soni, TV actress
- Bapi Tutul, Music Composer
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 3 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ↑ "Muzaffarpurchunav 2020: क्या इस बार मंत्री जी लगाएंगे हैट्रिक या पूर्व विधायक विजेंद्र चौधरी करेंगे वापसी?". Dainik Jagran (in हिन्दी). 1 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "second Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ↑ "Pin Codes of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, Muzaffarpur Pincode Search". indiapincodes.net.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Cities having population 3 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
- ↑ "Bihar's famous Shahi litchi to get GI tag soon". The Times of India.
- ↑ Destinations :: Vaishali ::Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation Archived 22 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Bstdc.bih.nic.in. Retrieved on 9 January 2011.
- ↑ "bihar". Scribd.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ↑ Faizi, Amir Afaque Ahmad (2009). Self-help Groups and Marginalised Communities. Concept Publishing Company. p. 6. ISBN 978-81-8069-621-3. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ↑ "Muzaffarpur | India".
- ↑ Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
- ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarpur, India". www.fallingrain.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2008.
- ↑ Bihar India Earthquake Movie, 15 January 1934 Archived 6 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Harappa.com (15 January 1934). Retrieved on 9 January 2011.
- ↑ "Station: Muzaffarpur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 513–514. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ↑ "Muzaffarpur District Population, Bihar, List of Taluks in Muzaffarpur".
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ↑ "7. LYCHEE PRODUCTION IN INDIA". Fao.org. 31 May 1992. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
- ↑ "Bihar is the top litchi producing State, about 300 thousand metric tonnes of litchi is being produced from 32 thousand hectare areas: Shri Radha Mohan Singh". pib.nic.in. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ↑ "Bihar emerging as brewery hub". Economic Times. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ↑ Sinha, Nishant (20 July 2016). "Sale of tobacco products legal". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- ↑ "Muzaffarpur Jn". www.railyatri.in. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
- ↑ "Muzaffarpur Airport". centreforaviation.com. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ↑ "Muzaffarpur Airport (Bihar)". www.aai.aero. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ↑ "Muzaffarpur Airport, Patahi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) - In News Article". www.muzcorner.in. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ↑ "DAV Public School". school.careers360.com. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ↑ "D.A.V. Ppublic School". schools.org.in. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ↑ "Holy Mission Senior Secondary School". school.career360.com. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ↑ "OXFORD SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL". school.career360.com. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ↑ "St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School". school.careers360.com. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ↑ "St. Xavier International School". school.careers360.com. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ↑ "Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya". school.career360.com. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
External links[edit]
- Official website of Muzaffarpur District
- Official website of Tirhut Division
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
