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| term_end          = {{End date|2005|11|15|df=yes}}
| term_end          = {{End date|2005|11|15|df=yes}}
| constituency      = Nominated
| constituency      = Nominated
| president          = {{Unbulleted_list|[[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>(1997 – 2002)|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>(2002 – 2007)}}
| president          = {{Unbulleted_list|[[K. R. Narayanan]]<br />(1997 – 2002)|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br />(2002 – 2007)}}
| primeminister      = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| primeminister      = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]


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| successor1        = [[Swaminathan Gurumurthy]]
| successor1        = [[Swaminathan Gurumurthy]]
| predecessor1      = ''Position established''
| predecessor1      = ''Position established''
}}
{{Infobox person
| name              = Cho Ramaswamy
| name              = Cho Ramaswamy
| image              =
| caption            =
| birth_name        = Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy
| birth_name        = Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|df=yes|1934|10|05}}
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|df=yes|1934|10|05}}<ref name="Birth" >{{Cite web|last=Geetha|first=V.|title=Cho Ramaswamy (1934-2016): Writer and editor who was a relentless critic of power and its misdeeds|url=http://scroll.in/article/813251/cho-ramaswamy-1934-2016-writer-and-editor-who-was-a-relentless-critic-of-power-and-its-misdeeds|access-date=2021-12-08|website=Scroll.in|date=7 December 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref>
| birth_place        = [[Mylapore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]<br>(present day [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| birth_place        = [[Mylapore]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]<br />(present day [[Chennai district|Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| nationality        = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| nationality        = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2016|12|07|1934|10|05}}
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2016|12|07|1934|10|05}}
| death_place        = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_place        = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation        = {{hlist|Actor|Political satirist|Journalist|Lawyer|Editor|Director|Screen writer}}
| occupation        = {{hlist|Actor|political satirist|journalist|lawyer|editor|director|screen writer}}
| spouse            = {{Marriage|Soundaramba Ramaswamy|1966}}
| spouse            = {{Marriage|Soundaramba Ramaswamy|1966}}
| children          = 2
| children          = 2
| relatives          = [[Ramya Krishnan]] (niece)
| relatives          = [[Ramya Krishnan]] (niece)
| credits = ''[[Thuglak]]''
| module            = {{infobox writer
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2017)
| embed              = yes
| notablework        = ''[[Thuglak]]''
}}
| awards             = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2017)
}}
}}


'''Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy''', better known as '''Cho Ramaswamy''' (5 October 1934&nbsp;– 7 December 2016), was an Indian actor, comedian, character actor, editor, political satirist, playwright, dialogue writer, film director and lawyer from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was a popular comedian in the 1960s and 70s, and had acted with all the top stars in that period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/cho_ramaswamy-profile-100-22.htm|title=Cho Ramaswamy|website=veethi.com|access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref>
{{Indian name|Ramaswamy|Srinivasa Iyer}}'''Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy''', better known as '''Cho Ramaswamy''' (5 October 1934<ref name="Birth"/> – 7 December 2016), was an Indian actor, comedian, editor, political commentator,<ref>{{Cite news |last=The Week |title=Political Satirist |work=Malayala Manorama |pages=91}}</ref> satirist, playwright, film director and lawyer from [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was a popular comedian in the 1960s and 1970s, and had acted with all the top stars in that period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/cho_ramaswamy-profile-100-22.htm|title=Cho Ramaswamy|website=veethi.com|access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref>
 
== Early life ==
Srinivasa Ramaswamy was fondly addressed and remembered as Cho. He was born in a family of lawyers<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cho Ramaswamy: The man who defied many and yet defined many|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/07/cho-ramaswamy-the-man-who-defied-many-and-yet-defined-many-1546538.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208122017/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/07/cho-ramaswamy-the-man-who-defied-many-and-yet-defined-many-1546538.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 December 2016|access-date=2022-01-15|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>


== Family ==
== Family ==
The elder son of R. Srinivasa Iyer and Rajammal, Cho had a younger brother, who was also an actor. Cho died on 7 December 2016.<ref>{{cite news|author=Geetha Venkataramanan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/Actor-Neelu-on-his-60-year-old-bond-with-Cho/article16778091.ece|title=Actor Neelu on his 60-year old bond with Cho|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2016|access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref>
The elder son of R. Srinivasa Iyer and Rajammal, Cho had a younger brother, who was also an actor. Cho died on 7 December 2016.<ref>{{cite news|author=Geetha Venkataramanan|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/Actor-Neelu-on-his-60-year-old-bond-with-Cho/article16778091.ece|title=Actor Neelu on his 60-year old bond with Cho|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2016|access-date=11 May 2018}}</ref>
He has two children Sriram Ramaswamy and Sindhuja. He did his schooling from P.S. High School. His niece is actress [[Ramya Krishnan]]. The name 'Cho' was the name of the character he played in a Tamil play written by Bhageerathan titled ''Thenmozhiyaal''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/cho-ramaswamy-dead-jayalalithaa-narendra-modi-thuglak-356154-2016-12-07|title=Jayalalithaa's friend, Modi's 'Rajguru': Who was Cho Ramaswamy?|date=7 December 2016|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-09-23}}</ref>
He has two children Sriram Ramaswamy and Sindhuja. He did his schooling from P. S. High School. His niece is actress [[Ramya Krishnan]]. The name 'Cho' was the name of the character he played in a Tamil play written by Bhageerathan titled ''Thenmozhiyaal''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/cho-ramaswamy-dead-jayalalithaa-narendra-modi-thuglak-356154-2016-12-07|title=Jayalalithaa's friend, Modi's 'Rajguru': Who was Cho Ramaswamy?|date=7 December 2016|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-09-23}}</ref>


== Film Career ==
== Film career ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2018}}
{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2018}}


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Cho made his debut in 1963 with ''Paar Magale Paar'' as a comedian. From 1963 to 2005 he acted in 180 Tamil films and directed 5 films. He also wrote and directed 20 plays.<ref>{{cite web|author=Karthika Raveendran|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/rajinikanth-sivakumar-suriya-karthi-pay-homage-to-late-journalist-actor-cho-ramaswamy|title=Rajinikanth, Sivakumar, Suriya, Karthi pay homage to late Journalist-actor Cho Ramaswamy|date=7 December 2016|publisher=Bollywoodlife.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
Cho made his debut in 1963 with ''Paar Magale Paar'' as a comedian. From 1963 to 2005 he acted in 180 Tamil films and directed 5 films. He also wrote and directed 20 plays.<ref>{{cite web|author=Karthika Raveendran|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/rajinikanth-sivakumar-suriya-karthi-pay-homage-to-late-journalist-actor-cho-ramaswamy|title=Rajinikanth, Sivakumar, Suriya, Karthi pay homage to late Journalist-actor Cho Ramaswamy|date=7 December 2016|publisher=Bollywoodlife.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>


He also wrote and acted in 27 Television serials. He wrote 10 books. Apart from being an actor, he was both the screenplay and story writer of films such as ''Thenmazhai'', ''Ninaivil Nindraval'', ''Bommalattam'', ''Aayiram Poi'' and ''Panam Paththum Seyyum'', all of which proved to be box office hits.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}
He also wrote and acted in 27 Television serials. He wrote 10 books. Apart from being an actor, he was both the screenplay and story writer of films such as ''Thenmazhai'', ''Ninaivil Nindraval'', ''Bommalattam'', ''[[Aayiram Poi]]'' and ''Panam Paththum Seyyum'', all of which proved to be box office hits.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}


Cho played the role of a bike mechanic in the play ''Petralthan Pillaiya'', written by Pattu of the United Amateur Artistes (UAA), which became a huge success. When the play was later adapted into a film by director [[A. Bhimsingh]], [[Sivaji Ganesan]] persuaded Cho to play the same role in the film too, leading to Cho's entry into the film world.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Cho and Jayalalithaa have worked together in 19 films and also had been part of the same drama troupe.
Cho played the role of a bike mechanic in the play ''Petralthan Pillaiya'', written by Pattu of the United Amateur Artistes (UAA), which became a huge success. When the play was later adapted into a film by director [[A. Bhimsingh]], [[Sivaji Ganesan]] persuaded Cho to play the same role in the film too, leading to Cho's entry into the film world.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Cho and Jayalalithaa have worked together in 19 films and also had been part of the same drama troupe.
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==== Frequent collaborations ====
==== Frequent collaborations ====
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2019}}
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2019}}
Cho as an actor has been pitted against other actors across generations. His comic timing against T.S. Balaiah in ''Manam Oru Kurangu'', or with M.R. Radha, or many times with actors like V.K. Ramaswamy, Nagesh, Manorama and Sachu in many films brought out the best in him.
Cho as an actor has been pitted against other actors across generations. His comic timing against T. S. Balaiah in ''Manam Oru Kurangu'', or with M. R. Radha, or many times with actors like V. K. Ramaswamy, Nagesh, Manorama and Sachu in many films brought out the best in him.


Cho and Manorama were paired together in 20 films, which included ''Malligaip poo, Annaiyum pithavum, Dharisanam, Anbait thedi, Ninaivil Nindraval, Nirai Kudam, Therottam, Aayiram Poi, Mohammed Bin Tughlaq, Bommalattam, Pugundha Veedu, Vilayaattu Pillai, Kanavan, Rojavin Raja'' and ''Velum Mayilum Thunai'' and were pitted in a non-couple role in ''Suryagandhi'', ''Delhi Mappilai'' and ''Naadagame Ulagam''.
Cho and Manorama were paired together in 20 films, which included ''Malligaip poo, Annaiyum pithavum, Dharisanam, Anbait thedi, Ninaivil Nindraval, [[Nirai Kudam]], Therottam, [[Aayiram Poi]], Mohammed Bin Tughlaq, Bommalattam, Pugundha Veedu, Vilayaattu Pillai, Kanavan, Rojavin Raja'' and ''Velum Mayilum Thunai'' and were pitted in a non-couple role in ''Suryagandhi'', ''Delhi Mappilai'' and ''Naadagame Ulagam''.


Cho acted alongside Nagesh in ''Thenmazhai'', ''Ninaivil Nindraval'', ''Ulagam Ivvalavudhaan'' and ''Bommalattam'' among others. He was paired opposite Sachu in films like ''Deva Sankalpam'', ''Galaataa Kalyanam'' and ''Delhi Mappilai''.
Cho acted alongside Nagesh in ''Thenmazhai'', ''Ninaivil Nindraval'', ''Ulagam Ivvalavudhaan'' and ''Bommalattam'' among others. He was paired opposite Sachu in films like ''Deva Sankalpam'', ''Galaataa Kalyanam'' and ''Delhi Mappilai''.


Cho has acted with the MGR–Jayalalitha combo in films like ''Oli Villaku, Kanavan, Kumarikottam, Mattukara Velan, Aadimai Penn, Engal Thangam, Thedi Vantha Mapillai, En Annan'' and ''Neerum Nerupum''. Cho has acted with MGR in many films like ''Petralthaan Pillaiya, Sangey Muzhangu, Rickshawkaaran'' and ''Thalaivan''. Cho has acted with Jayalalitha in other films like ''Bommalaattam, Galaattaak kalyanam, Suryagandhi, Vandhaale Maharaasi'' and ''Anbai Thedi''.
Cho has acted with the MGR–Jayalalitha combo in films like ''Oli Villaku, Kanavan, [[Kumari Kottam]], Mattukara Velan, Aadimai Penn, [[Engal Thangam]], [[Thedi Vantha Mapillai]], En Annan'' and ''Neerum Nerupum''. Cho has acted with MGR in many films like ''Petralthaan Pillaiya, Sangey Muzhangu, Rickshawkaaran'' and ''Thalaivan''. Cho has acted with Jayalalitha in other films like ''Bommalaattam, Galaattaak kalyanam, Suryagandhi, Vandhaale Maharaasi'' and ''Anbai Thedi''.


Cho has acted with Sivakumar in films like ''Shanmugapriya, Onne Onnu Kanne Kannu, Thaip Paasam, Uravu Solla Oruvan, Aan Pillai Singam, Yaarukkum Vetkamillai, Chinna Kuyil Padudhu, Sattai Illatha Pambaram'' and ''Kanna Thorakiran Samy''. Among these, ''Yaarukkum Vetkamillai'' was directed by Cho in 1976.
Cho has acted with Sivakumar in films like ''Shanmugapriya, Onne Onnu Kanne Kannu, Thaip Paasam, Uravu Solla Oruvan, Aan Pillai Singam, Yaarukkum Vetkamillai, Chinna Kuyil Padudhu, Sattai Illatha Pambaram'' and ''Kanna Thorakiran Samy''. Among these, ''Yaarukkum Vetkamillai'' was directed by Cho in 1976.
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Politicians such as [[J. B. Kripalani]], [[Indira Gandhi]], [[Karunanidhi]], [[Chandra Shekhar]], [[G. K. Moopanar]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[Jayalalithaa]], [[Ramakrishna Hegde]], [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], and [[L. K. Advani]], [[Sonia Gandhi]], [[Manmohan Singh]] and [[P. Chidambaram]] were targets of his editorial attacks. In his last years, he predicted that [[Narendra Modi]] would "win laurels for India" in the future,<ref>{{cite web|title=Narendra Modi will win laurels for India in the future&nbsp;– Shri Cho Ramaswamy|website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYQ7I5x0ceI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/QYQ7I5x0ceI |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|date=1 November 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and also praised [[Jayalalithaa]] for her administration of Tamil Nadu.
Politicians such as [[J. B. Kripalani]], [[Indira Gandhi]], [[Karunanidhi]], [[Chandra Shekhar]], [[G. K. Moopanar]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[Jayalalithaa]], [[Ramakrishna Hegde]], [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], and [[L. K. Advani]], [[Sonia Gandhi]], [[Manmohan Singh]] and [[P. Chidambaram]] were targets of his editorial attacks. In his last years, he predicted that [[Narendra Modi]] would "win laurels for India" in the future,<ref>{{cite web|title=Narendra Modi will win laurels for India in the future&nbsp;– Shri Cho Ramaswamy|website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYQ7I5x0ceI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/QYQ7I5x0ceI |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|date=1 November 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and also praised [[Jayalalithaa]] for her administration of Tamil Nadu.


Cho enjoyed challenging [[MG Ramachandran]] (MGR) and his politics, while Karunanidhi stayed his target. The [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), in his opinion, was populist and lacked ideology. When Jayalalithaa got into power and followed in MGR's path, however, the absence of ideology of the party was no longer an issue for him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cho-ramaswamy-articulated-the-anxieties-of-conservative-middle-class-brahmins/articleshow/55915938.cms|title = Cho Ramaswamy articulated the anxieties of conservative, middle-class Brahmins|newspaper = The Economic Times}}</ref>  
Cho enjoyed challenging [[MG Ramachandran]] (MGR) and his politics, while Karunanidhi stayed his target. The [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), in his opinion, was populist and lacked ideology. When Jayalalithaa got into power and followed in MGR's path, however, the absence of ideology of the party was no longer an issue for him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cho-ramaswamy-articulated-the-anxieties-of-conservative-middle-class-brahmins/articleshow/55915938.cms|title = Cho Ramaswamy articulated the anxieties of conservative, middle-class Brahmins|newspaper = The Economic Times}}</ref>  


When [[Prashant Bhushan]], a former supporter, released documents alleging that Cho was a director in many of Jayalalithaa's reportedly sponsored shell companies and distilleries while she was separated from her companion [[VK Sasikala]], his credibility as a neutral critic plummeted.<ref name=":1" />
On 25 January 2017, the Government of India announced a [[posthumous award|posthumous]] [[Padma Bhushan]] award for his contribution towards Literature & Education&nbsp;– Journalism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/PadmaAwards-2017_25012017.pdf|title=PadmaAwards-2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129231739/http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/PadmaAwards-2017_25012017.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2017}}</ref>
 
On 25 January 2017, the Government of India announced the [[Padma Bhushan]] award for his contribution towards Literature & Education&nbsp;– Journalism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/PadmaAwards-2017_25012017.pdf|title=PadmaAwards-2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129231739/http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/PadmaAwards-2017_25012017.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2017}}</ref>


== Politics ==
== Politics ==
Cho's nationalism was frequently used in the disguise of Hindu supremacy. Cho believed that democracy produced unfavourable outcomes, so democracy itself was suspect. According to him, reservations undermined merit, human rights questioned the state, feminism questioned women's traditional roles and the Hindu [[caste system]] maintained peace. Cho has been described as a right-wing public intellectual in tributes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cho-ramaswamy-articulated-the-anxieties-of-conservative-middle-class-brahmins/articleshow/55915938.cms|title = Cho Ramaswamy articulated the anxieties of conservative, middle-class Brahmins|newspaper = The Economic Times}}</ref>
Cho has been described as a right-wing public intellectual in tributes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cho-ramaswamy-articulated-the-anxieties-of-conservative-middle-class-brahmins/articleshow/55915938.cms|title = Cho Ramaswamy articulated the anxieties of conservative, middle-class Brahmins|newspaper = The Economic Times}}</ref>


Cho was publicly opposed to Sri Lankan Tamil militants, particularly the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)]], at a time when Sri lanka's ethnic crisis was at its peak and almost all political parties in Tamil Nadu highlighted the issue of the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]].<ref name=":0" />
Cho was publicly opposed to Sri Lankan Tamil militants, particularly the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)]], at a time when Sri lanka's ethnic crisis was at its peak and almost all political parties in Tamil Nadu highlighted the issue of the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]].<ref name=":0" />


The rise of the BJP and [[Hindutva]] forces made Cho as their sympathiser. He started involving in direct politics as mediator.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2016-12-07|title=Cho Ramaswamy: Remembering the C(onservative) H(indutva) O(racle)|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/cho-ramaswamy-remembering-the-conservative-hindutva-oracle-1320489.html|access-date=2021-12-08|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> In 1999, he was instrumental in bringing the DMK together in an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Veeraraghav|first=T. M.|date=2019-11-30|title=Art of Political Alliance: How Men Like Cho Ramaswamy Mastered It|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/bjp-political-alliance-cho-ramaswamy-tamil-nadu|access-date=2021-12-08|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> He was successful in bringing G.K. Moopanar ([[Tamil Manila Congress (Moopanar)|Tamil Manila Congress]]) and Karunanidhi together in the 1996 elections, and getting Rajnikanth to publicly support the alliance to defeat Jayalalithaa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Post 2004, he became soft towards Jayalalithaa and spent all his energy in opposing the DMK and promoting the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name=":1" /> Later on, in 2011 he convinced [[DMDK]] [[Vijayakanth]] to partner with the AIADMK.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Remembering Cho Ramaswamy, the Statesman-Satirist Who Knew No Fear|url=https://thewire.in/politics/cho-ramaswamy|access-date=2021-12-08|website=The Wire}}</ref> Cho was an ardent supporter of Narendra Modi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-07|title=Cho Ramaswamy, a prolific writer who spared neither friend nor foe - An obituary|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cho-ramaswamy-prolific-writer-who-spared-neither-friend-nor-foe-obituary-53953|access-date=2021-12-08|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> Cho had campaigned for Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] during [[2014 Indian general election]]. Modi described Ramaswamy as "Rajguru", and called himself his "fan".<ref>{{Cite web|last=December 7|first=India Today Web Desk|title=Jayalalithaa's friend, Modi's 'Rajguru': Who was Cho Ramaswamy?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/cho-ramaswamy-dead-jayalalithaa-narendra-modi-thuglak-356154-2016-12-07|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-08|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
The rise of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and [[Hindutva]] wave made Cho their sympathiser. He started involving in direct politics as a mediator. In 1999, he was instrumental in bringing the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) together in an alliance with BJP.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2016-12-07|title=Cho Ramaswamy: Remembering the C(onservative) H(indutva) O(racle)|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/cho-ramaswamy-remembering-the-conservative-hindutva-oracle-1320489.html|access-date=2021-12-08|website=News18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Veeraraghav|first=T. M.|date=2019-11-30|title=Art of Political Alliance: How Men Like Cho Ramaswamy Mastered It|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/bjp-political-alliance-cho-ramaswamy-tamil-nadu|access-date=2021-12-08|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> He was successful in bringing [[G. K. Moopanar]], of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] and Karunanidhi together in the 1996 elections, and getting Rajnikanth to publicly support the alliance to defeat [[Jayalalithaa]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />  
 
Post 2004, he became soft towards Jayalalithaa and spent all his energy in opposing the DMK and promoting BJP.<ref name=":1" /> Later on, in 2011, he convinced [[Vijayakanth]] to partner with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Remembering Cho Ramaswamy, the Statesman-Satirist Who Knew No Fear|url=https://thewire.in/politics/cho-ramaswamy|access-date=2021-12-08|website=The Wire}}</ref> Cho was an ardent supporter of Narendra Modi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-07|title=Cho Ramaswamy, a prolific writer who spared neither friend nor foe - An obituary|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cho-ramaswamy-prolific-writer-who-spared-neither-friend-nor-foe-obituary-53953|access-date=2021-12-08|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> Cho had campaigned extensively for Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] during the [[2014 Indian general election]]; Modi described Ramaswamy as "Rajguru", and called himself his "fan".<ref>{{Cite web|last=December 7|first=India Today Web Desk|title=Jayalalithaa's friend, Modi's 'Rajguru': Who was Cho Ramaswamy?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/cho-ramaswamy-dead-jayalalithaa-narendra-modi-thuglak-356154-2016-12-07|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-08|website=India Today|date=7 December 2016 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923065628/https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/cho-ramaswamy-dead-jayalalithaa-narendra-modi-thuglak-356154-2016-12-07 |archive-date=23 September 2019 }}</ref>  


He was nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]] by the [[President of India]], [[K. R. Narayanan]]. In the Rajya Sabha 12 [[Member of Parliament|MPs]] are nominated by the President of India from amongst persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in the fields of literature, science, art or social service. He served as a Rajya Sabha [[Member of Parliament|MP]] from November 1999 to November 2005.<ref>[http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Biodata.asp?no=224 Biodata]; accessed 28 January 2018.{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030514124124/http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Biodata.asp?no=224|date=14 May 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/he-introduced-me-as-merchant-of-death-pm-modi-on-cho-ramaswamy-1634964|title=He Introduced Me As 'Merchant of Death': PM Modi on Cho Ramaswamy|publisher=Ndtv.com |access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref>
He was nominated to the [[Rajya Sabha]] by the [[President of India]], [[K. R. Narayanan]]. In the Rajya Sabha 12 [[Member of Parliament|MPs]] are nominated by the President of India from amongst persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in the fields of literature, science, art or social service. He served as a Rajya Sabha [[Member of Parliament|MP]] from November 1999 to November 2005.<ref>[http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Biodata.asp?no=224 Biodata]; accessed 28 January 2018.{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030514124124/http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Biodata.asp?no=224|date=14 May 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/he-introduced-me-as-merchant-of-death-pm-modi-on-cho-ramaswamy-1634964|title=He Introduced Me As 'Merchant of Death': PM Modi on Cho Ramaswamy|publisher=Ndtv.com |access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref>


He remained the [[Sangh Parivar]]’s political man in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Geetha|first=V.|title=Cho Ramaswamy (1934-2016): Writer and editor who was a relentless critic of power and its misdeeds|url=http://scroll.in/article/813251/cho-ramaswamy-1934-2016-writer-and-editor-who-was-a-relentless-critic-of-power-and-its-misdeeds|access-date=2021-12-08|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>
He remained the [[Sangh Parivar]]'s political man in Chennai.<ref name="Birth"/>


==Partial filmography ==
== Partial filmography ==
=== As Actor ===
=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#000;"
|- style="background:#000;"
! Year !! Film !! Role !!class=unsortable| Notes
! Year !! Film !! Role  
!Notes
|-
|rowspan="1" |1963 || ''[[Paar Magaley Paar]]''||
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |1966 || ''[[Marakka Mudiyumaa?]]''||
|
|-
| ''[[Thenmazhai]]'' ||
|
|-
|rowspan="6" |1967 || ''[[Ninaivil Nindraval (1967 film)|Ninaivil Nindraval]]''||
|
|-
| ''[[Manam Oru Kurangu]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1963 || ''[[Paar Magaley Paar]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Penn Endraal Penn]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" |1966 || ''[[Marakka Mudiyumaa?]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Naan Yaar Theriyuma]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Thenmazhai]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Karpooram]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="4" |1967 || ''[[Ninaivil Nindraval (1967 film)|Ninaivil Nindraval]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Aalayam (film)|Aalayam]]'' ||
|Guest appearance
|-
|-
| ''[[Manam Oru Kurangu]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="10" |1968 || ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]''|| Vittal
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Penn Endraal Penn]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Naan Yaar Theriyuma]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Neelagiri Express]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="9" |1968 || ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]''|| ''as Vittal'' ||Tamil
| ''[[Kuzhanthaikkaga]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Delhi Mapillai]]'' || Chinna Thambi
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Neelagiri Express (1968 film)|''Neelagiri Express'']]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Lakshmi Kalyanam (1968 film)|Lakshmi Kalyanam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Kuzhanthaikkaaga]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Delhi Mapillai]]'' || Chinna Thambi||Tamil
| ''[[Oli Vilakku]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Lakshmi Kalyanam (1968 film)|Lakshmi Kalyanam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Kanavan]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Siritha Mugam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Oli Vilakku]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="8" |1969 || ''[[Nirai Kudam]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Kanavan]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Aayiram Poi]]'' || Muthu
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="8" |1969 || ''[[Nirai Kudam]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Ulagam Ivvalavuthaan]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Aayiram Poi]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Adimai Penn]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Ulagam Ivvalavuthaan]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Aindhu Laksham]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Adimai Penn]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Kanni penn|Kanni Penn]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Aindhu Latcham]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Magizham Poo]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Kanni penn]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Annaiyum Pithavum]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Magizham Poo]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="9" |1970 || ''[[En Annan]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Annaiyum Pithavum]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Maattukara Velan]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="7" |1970 || ''[[En Annan]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Engal Thangam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Maattukara Velan]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Enga Mama]]'' || Gnanam
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Engal Thangam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Thedi Vandha Mappillai]]'' || Karpagam
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Thedi Vandha Mappillai]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Dharisanam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Dharisanam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Nadu Iravil]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Nadu Iravil]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Vilayattu Pillai]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Vilayattu Pillai]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Snegithi]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="9" |1971 || ''[[Muhammad bin Tughluq (film)|Muhammad bin Tughluq]]''|| ||Tamil
|rowspan="9" |1971 || ''[[Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971 film)|Muhammad bin Tughluq]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Therottam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Therottam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Rickshawkaran]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Rickshawkaran]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Oru Thaai Makkal]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Oru Thaai Makkal]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Kumari Kottam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Kumari Kottam]]'' || Babu
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Arunodhayam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Arunodhayam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Soodhattam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Soodhattam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Yanai Valartha Vanambadi Magan]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Yanai Valartha Vanambadi Magan]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="6" |1972 || ''[[Thavapudhalavan]]''|| ||Tamil
|rowspan="7" |1972 || ''[[Thavapudhalavan]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Unakkum Enakkum]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Unakkum Enakkum]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Mr.Sampath]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Mr.Sampath]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Thaaikku Oru Pillai]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Puguntha Veedu]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Sange Muzhangu]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Thaaikku Oru Pillai]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Deiva Sankalpam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Sange Muzhangu]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="15" |1973 || ''[[Vandhale Magarasi]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Deiva Sankalpam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Suryakanthi]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="16" |1973 || ''[[Vandhale Magarasi]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Gauravam (1973 film)|Gauravam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Suryakanthi]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Pon Vanndu]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Gauravam (1973 film)|Gauravam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Vakkuruthi]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Pon Vanndu]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Ganga Gowri (1973 film)|Ganga Gowri]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Vakkuruthi]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Manitharil Maanikkam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Ganga Gowri (1973 film)|Ganga Gowri]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Kasi Yathirai]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Manitharil Maanikkam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Ponnunjal]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Kasi Yathirai]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Shanmugapriya]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Ponnunjal (film)|Ponnunjal]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Vayadi]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Shanmugapriya]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Veettukku Vandha Marumagal]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Vayadi]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Malligai Poo]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Veettukku Vandha Marumagal]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[School Master (1973 film)|School Master]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Malligai Poo]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Anbu Sagodharargal]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[School Master (1973 film)|School Master]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="12" |1974 || ''[[Thanga Pathakkam]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Nalla Mudivu]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Orey Saatchi]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Anbu Sagodharargal]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="11" |1974 || ''[[Thanga Pathakkam]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Idhayam Parkkirathu]]'' ||''(Guest role)'' ||Tamil
| ''[[Orey Saatchi]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Roshakkaari]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Devi Sri Karmariamman]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Idhayam Parkkirathu]]'' ||
|Guest appearance
|-
|-
| ''[[Kalyanamam Kalyanam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Roshakkaari]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Onne Onnu Kanne Kannu]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Devi Sri Karmariamman]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Pillai Selvam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Kalyanamam Kalyanam (film)|Kalyanamam Kalyanam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Thai Pasam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Onne Onnu Kanne Kannu]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Puguntha Veedu]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Pillai Selvam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Magalukkaga]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Thai Pasam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="11" |1975 || ''[[Aan Pillai Singam]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Magalukkaga]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Sonthankal Vaazhga]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="11" |1975 || ''[[Aan Pillai Singam]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Andharangam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Sonthankal Vaazhga]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Cinema Paithiyam]]'' ||''(Guest role)'' ||Tamil
| ''[[Andharangam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Unga Veettu Kalyaanam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Cinema Paithiyam]]'' ||
|Guest appearance
|-
|-
| ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Unga Veettu Kalyaanam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Thai Veettu Seethanam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Uravu Solla Oruvan]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Thai Veettu Seethanam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Yarukkum Vetkamillai]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Uravu Solla Oruvan]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Pinchu Manam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Yarukkum Vetkamillai]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Melnaattu Marumagal]]'' || ''(Guest actor)'' ||Tamil
| ''[[Pinchu Manam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="5" |1976 || ''[[Unmaye Un Vilai Enna]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Melnaattu Marumagal]]'' ||
|Guest appearance
|-
|-
| ''[[Mayor Meenakshi]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="5" |1976 || ''[[Unmaye Un Vilai Enna]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Rojavin Raja]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Mayor Meenakshi]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Avan Oru Sarithiram]]'' ||''(Guest role)'' ||Tamil
| ''[[Rojavin Raja]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Perum Pugazhum]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Avan Oru Sarithiram]]'' ||
|Guest appearance
|-
|-
|rowspan="3" |1977 || ''[[Thanikudithanam]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Perum Pugazhum]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Balappareetchai]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="3" |1977 || ''[[Thanikudithanam]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Unnai Sutrum Ulagam]]'' || ''(Guest actor)'' ||Tamil
| ''[[Balappareetchai]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1978 || ''[[Sakka Podu Podu Raja]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Unnai Sutrum Ulagam]]'' ||
|Guest appearance
|-
|-
|rowspan="3" |1979 || ''[[Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai]]''|| ||Tamil
|rowspan="2" |1978 || ''[[Sakka Podu Podu Raja (1978 film)|Sakka Podu Podu Raja]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Nadagame Ulagam]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Annapoorani]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Velum Mayilum Thunai]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="3" |1979 || ''[[Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai]]''||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1981 || ''[[Kadavulin Theerppu]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Nadagame Ulagam]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1983 || ''[[Adutha Varisu]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Velum Mayilum Thunai]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" |1984 || ''[[Naan Mahaan Alla (1984 film)|Naan Mahaan Alla]]''|| ||Tamil
|rowspan="1" |1981 || ''[[Kadavulin Theerppu]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Saattai Illatha Pambaram]]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="1" |1983 || ''[[Adutha Varisu]]''||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" |1985 || ''[[Navgraha Nayagi]]''|| ||Tamil
|rowspan="2" |1984 || ''[[Naan Mahaan Alla (1984 film)|Naan Mahaan Alla]]''|| A. R. Chandran/Reddy
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Puthiya Theerpu]]'' || ||Tamil
| ''[[Saattai Illatha Pambaram]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1986 || ''[[Kanna Thorakkanum Saami]]''|| ||Tamil
|rowspan="2" |1985 || ''[[Navgraha Nayagi]]''||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="4" |1987 || ''[[Chinna Kuyil Paaduthu]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Puthiya Theerpu]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Manithan (1987 film)|''Manithan'']]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="1" |1986 || ''[[Kanna Thorakkanum Saami]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Anand (1987 film)|''Anand'']]'' || ||Tamil
|rowspan="5" |1987 || ''[[Chinna Kuyil Paaduthu]]''||
|
|-
|-
| ''[[Paruva Ragam]]'' || || Tamil
|''[[Kani Nilam]]'' ||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1988 || ''[[Guru Sishyan (1988 film)|''Guru Sishyan'']]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Manithan (1987 film)|''Manithan'']]'' ||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1990 || ''[[Adhisaya Piravi]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Anand (1987 film)|''Anand'']]'' ||
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1990 || ''[[Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga]]''|| ||Tamil
| ''[[Paruva Ragam]]'' ||  
|
|-
|-
|rowspan="1" |1998 || ''[[Kadhala Kadhala]]''|| ||Tamil
|rowspan="1" |1988 || ''[[Guru Sishyan (1988 film)|''Guru Sishyan'']]''||
|
|-
|rowspan="1" |1990 || ''[[Adhisaya Piravi]]''||
|
|-
|rowspan="1" |1990 || ''[[Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga]]''||
|
|-
|rowspan="1" |1998 || ''[[Kadhala Kadhala]]''||
|
|}
|}


=== Direction ===
=== Direction ===
# ''[[Muhammad bin Tughluq (film)|Muhammad bin Tughluq]]''
# ''[[Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971 film)|Muhammad bin Tughluq]]'' (1971)
# ''[[Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna]]''
# ''[[Mr. Sampath (1972 film)|Mr. Sampath]]'' (1972)
# ''[[Mr. Sampath (1972 film)|Mr. Sampath]]''
# ''[[Yarukkum Vetkam Illai]]'' (1975)
# ''[[Yarukkum Vetkam Illai]]''
# ''[[Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna?|Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna]] (1976)''
# ''Sambo Siva Samboo''
# ''Sambo Siva Samboo'' (1977)


=== Screenplay ===
=== Screenplay ===
# [[Neelagiri Express (1968 film)|''Neelagiri Express'']]
# ''[[Thenmazhai]]'' (1966)
# ''[[Aayiram Poi]]''
# ''[[Ninaivil Nindraval (1967 film)|Ninaivil Nindraval]]'' (1967)
# ''[[Nirai Kudam]]''
# ''[[Manam Oru Kurangu]]'' (1967)
# ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]''
# ''[[Neelagiri Express]]'' (1968)
# ''[[Ninaivil Nindraval (1967 film)|Ninaivil Nindraval]]''
# ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'' (1968)
# ''[[Aayiram Poi]]'' (1969)
# ''[[Nirai Kudam]]'' (1969)
 
=== Story and dialogues ===
# ''[[Kani Nilam]]'' (1987)


== Other works ==
== Other works ==
Line 406: Line 549:


== Illness and death ==
== Illness and death ==
Cho was hospitalized in January 2015 and was in and out of hospital due to illness. He died of a cardiac arrest at 3:58 AM on 7 December 2016, aged 82, at [[Apollo Hospital]] in [[Chennai]], where he was receiving treatment for respiratory problems. He was survived by his wife, Soundaramba Ramaswamy,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Srinivasa-Iyer-Ramaswamy-passes-away-aged-82/articleshow/55845380.cms|title=Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy passes away, aged 82|last=Ramaswamy|first=Srinivasa Iyer|work=News Paper|access-date=7 December 2016|via=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> son Rajivakshan alias Sriram, and daughter Sindhu.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-passes-away/article16771236.ece?homepage=true Obituary], thehindu.com; accessed 28 January 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/cho-ramaswamy-watched-jayalalithaas-final-journey-before-he-breathed-his-last-3143632.html|title=Cho Ramaswamy watched Jayalalithaa's final journey before he breathed his last&nbsp;— Firstpost|website=firstpost.com|date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/cho-ramaswamy-watched-jayalalithaas-final-journey-before-he-breathed-his-last-3143632.html|title=Cho Ramaswamy watched Jayalalithaa's final journey before he breathed his last|date=7 December 2016|publisher=Firstpost.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-passes-away/article16771236.ece|title=Cho Ramaswamy passes away|last=Ramaswamy|first=Cho|date=7 December 2016|website=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu India|access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref>
Cho was hospitalized in January 2015 and was in and out of hospital due to illness. He died of a cardiac arrest at 3:58 AM on 7 December 2016, aged 82, at [[Apollo Hospital]] in [[Chennai]], where he was receiving treatment for respiratory problems. He was survived by his wife, Soundaramba Ramaswamy,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Srinivasa-Iyer-Ramaswamy-passes-away-aged-82/articleshow/55845380.cms|title=Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy passes away, aged 82|last=Ramaswamy|first=Srinivasa Iyer|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> son Rajivakshan alias Sriram, and daughter Sindhu.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-passes-away/article16771236.ece?homepage=true Obituary], thehindu.com; accessed 28 January 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/cho-ramaswamy-watched-jayalalithaas-final-journey-before-he-breathed-his-last-3143632.html|title=Cho Ramaswamy watched Jayalalithaa's final journey before he breathed his last&nbsp;— Firstpost|website=firstpost.com|date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/cho-ramaswamy-watched-jayalalithaas-final-journey-before-he-breathed-his-last-3143632.html|title=Cho Ramaswamy watched Jayalalithaa's final journey before he breathed his last|date=7 December 2016|publisher=Firstpost.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-passes-away/article16771236.ece|title=Cho Ramaswamy passes away|last=Ramaswamy|first=Cho|date=7 December 2016|website=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu India|access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref>


His death happened a day after [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] had died. [[Rajinikanth]] disclosed later that Jayalalithaa had always wished that Cho should live as long as she lived. He quoted: "As it turns out, he was alive till then and even few hours after that."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/modi-pays-tributes-to-cho-ramaswamy/article17040268.ece|title=Modi pays tributes to 'Cho' Ramaswamy|first=Dennis S.|last=Jesudasan|date=14 January 2017|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
His death happened a day after [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] had died. [[Rajinikanth]] disclosed later that Jayalalithaa had always wished that Cho should live as long as she lived. He quoted: "As it turns out, he was alive till then and even few hours after that."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/modi-pays-tributes-to-cho-ramaswamy/article17040268.ece|title=Modi pays tributes to 'Cho' Ramaswamy|first=Dennis S.|last=Jesudasan|date=14 January 2017|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>


[[K. Veeramani]], leader of the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] and a self-confessed atheist, in his tributes to Cho, said he was a unique journalist with independent views.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/cho-ramaswamy-fearless-critic-who-was-a-friend-to-all/article9416277.ece|title = Cho Ramaswamy: Fearless critic who was a friend to all}}</ref>
[[K. Veeramani]], leader of the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] and a self-confessed atheist, in his tributes to Cho, said he was a unique journalist with independent views.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/cho-ramaswamy-fearless-critic-who-was-a-friend-to-all/article9416277.ece|title = Cho Ramaswamy: Fearless critic who was a friend to all| date=7 December 2016 }}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Tamil dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
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[[Category:Screenwriters from Chennai]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Chennai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Tamil television writers]]

Latest revision as of 10:43, 24 March 2026


Cho Ramaswamy
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office
16 November 1999 (1999-11-16) – 15 November 2005 (2005-11-15)
President
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
ConstituencyNominated
Founder & Author of Thuglak
In office
14 January 1970 (1970-01-14) – 7 December 2016 (2016-12-07)
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded bySwaminathan Gurumurthy
Personal details
Born
Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy

(1934-10-05)5 October 1934[1]
Mylapore, Madras Presidency, British India
(present day Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India)
Died7 December 2016(2016-12-07) (aged 82)
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
NationalityIndian
Spouse(s)
Soundaramba Ramaswamy
​
(
m. 1966)
Children2
RelativesRamya Krishnan (niece)
Occupation
  • Actor
  • political satirist
  • journalist
  • lawyer
  • editor
  • director
  • screen writer
AwardsPadma Bhushan (2017)
Writing career
Notable workThuglak
In this Indian name, the name Srinivasa Iyer is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Ramaswamy.

Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy, better known as Cho Ramaswamy (5 October 1934[1] – 7 December 2016), was an Indian actor, comedian, editor, political commentator,[2] satirist, playwright, film director and lawyer from Tamil Nadu. He was a popular comedian in the 1960s and 1970s, and had acted with all the top stars in that period.[3]

Early life[edit | edit source]

Srinivasa Ramaswamy was fondly addressed and remembered as Cho. He was born in a family of lawyers[4]

Family[edit | edit source]

The elder son of R. Srinivasa Iyer and Rajammal, Cho had a younger brother, who was also an actor. Cho died on 7 December 2016.[5] He has two children Sriram Ramaswamy and Sindhuja. He did his schooling from P. S. High School. His niece is actress Ramya Krishnan. The name 'Cho' was the name of the character he played in a Tamil play written by Bhageerathan titled Thenmozhiyaal.[6]

Film career[edit | edit source]

Films[edit | edit source]

Cho made his debut in 1963 with Paar Magale Paar as a comedian. From 1963 to 2005 he acted in 180 Tamil films and directed 5 films. He also wrote and directed 20 plays.[7]

He also wrote and acted in 27 Television serials. He wrote 10 books. Apart from being an actor, he was both the screenplay and story writer of films such as Thenmazhai, Ninaivil Nindraval, Bommalattam, Aayiram Poi and Panam Paththum Seyyum, all of which proved to be box office hits.[citation needed]

Cho played the role of a bike mechanic in the play Petralthan Pillaiya, written by Pattu of the United Amateur Artistes (UAA), which became a huge success. When the play was later adapted into a film by director A. Bhimsingh, Sivaji Ganesan persuaded Cho to play the same role in the film too, leading to Cho's entry into the film world.[citation needed] Cho and Jayalalithaa have worked together in 19 films and also had been part of the same drama troupe.

Frequent collaborations[edit | edit source]

Cho as an actor has been pitted against other actors across generations. His comic timing against T. S. Balaiah in Manam Oru Kurangu, or with M. R. Radha, or many times with actors like V. K. Ramaswamy, Nagesh, Manorama and Sachu in many films brought out the best in him.

Cho and Manorama were paired together in 20 films, which included Malligaip poo, Annaiyum pithavum, Dharisanam, Anbait thedi, Ninaivil Nindraval, Nirai Kudam, Therottam, Aayiram Poi, Mohammed Bin Tughlaq, Bommalattam, Pugundha Veedu, Vilayaattu Pillai, Kanavan, Rojavin Raja and Velum Mayilum Thunai and were pitted in a non-couple role in Suryagandhi, Delhi Mappilai and Naadagame Ulagam.

Cho acted alongside Nagesh in Thenmazhai, Ninaivil Nindraval, Ulagam Ivvalavudhaan and Bommalattam among others. He was paired opposite Sachu in films like Deva Sankalpam, Galaataa Kalyanam and Delhi Mappilai.

Cho has acted with the MGR–Jayalalitha combo in films like Oli Villaku, Kanavan, Kumari Kottam, Mattukara Velan, Aadimai Penn, Engal Thangam, Thedi Vantha Mapillai, En Annan and Neerum Nerupum. Cho has acted with MGR in many films like Petralthaan Pillaiya, Sangey Muzhangu, Rickshawkaaran and Thalaivan. Cho has acted with Jayalalitha in other films like Bommalaattam, Galaattaak kalyanam, Suryagandhi, Vandhaale Maharaasi and Anbai Thedi.

Cho has acted with Sivakumar in films like Shanmugapriya, Onne Onnu Kanne Kannu, Thaip Paasam, Uravu Solla Oruvan, Aan Pillai Singam, Yaarukkum Vetkamillai, Chinna Kuyil Padudhu, Sattai Illatha Pambaram and Kanna Thorakiran Samy. Among these, Yaarukkum Vetkamillai was directed by Cho in 1976.

Journalism[edit | edit source]

He was the founder and editor of the Tamil magazine Thuglak.[8] Politicians such as J. B. Kripalani, Indira Gandhi, Karunanidhi, Chandra Shekhar, G. K. Moopanar, M. G. Ramachandran, Jayalalithaa, Ramakrishna Hegde, N. T. Rama Rao, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and L. K. Advani, Sonia Gandhi, Manmohan Singh and P. Chidambaram were targets of his editorial attacks. In his last years, he predicted that Narendra Modi would "win laurels for India" in the future,[9] and also praised Jayalalithaa for her administration of Tamil Nadu.

Cho enjoyed challenging MG Ramachandran (MGR) and his politics, while Karunanidhi stayed his target. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), in his opinion, was populist and lacked ideology. When Jayalalithaa got into power and followed in MGR's path, however, the absence of ideology of the party was no longer an issue for him.[10]

On 25 January 2017, the Government of India announced a posthumous Padma Bhushan award for his contribution towards Literature & Education – Journalism.[11]

Politics[edit | edit source]

Cho has been described as a right-wing public intellectual in tributes.[12]

Cho was publicly opposed to Sri Lankan Tamil militants, particularly the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), at a time when Sri lanka's ethnic crisis was at its peak and almost all political parties in Tamil Nadu highlighted the issue of the Sri Lankan Tamils.[13]

The rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Hindutva wave made Cho their sympathiser. He started involving in direct politics as a mediator. In 1999, he was instrumental in bringing the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) together in an alliance with BJP.[14][15] He was successful in bringing G. K. Moopanar, of the Tamil Maanila Congress and Karunanidhi together in the 1996 elections, and getting Rajnikanth to publicly support the alliance to defeat Jayalalithaa.[14][16]

Post 2004, he became soft towards Jayalalithaa and spent all his energy in opposing the DMK and promoting BJP.[14] Later on, in 2011, he convinced Vijayakanth to partner with the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK).[16] Cho was an ardent supporter of Narendra Modi.[17] Cho had campaigned extensively for Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the 2014 Indian general election; Modi described Ramaswamy as "Rajguru", and called himself his "fan".[18]

He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President of India, K. R. Narayanan. In the Rajya Sabha 12 MPs are nominated by the President of India from amongst persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in the fields of literature, science, art or social service. He served as a Rajya Sabha MP from November 1999 to November 2005.[19][20]

He remained the Sangh Parivar's political man in Chennai.[1]

Partial filmography[edit | edit source]

As actor[edit | edit source]

Year Film Role Notes
1963 Paar Magaley Paar
1966 Marakka Mudiyumaa?
Thenmazhai
1967 Ninaivil Nindraval
Manam Oru Kurangu
Penn Endraal Penn
Naan Yaar Theriyuma
Karpooram
Aalayam Guest appearance
1968 Galatta Kalyanam Vittal
Bommalattam
Neelagiri Express
Kuzhanthaikkaga
Delhi Mapillai Chinna Thambi
Lakshmi Kalyanam
Kannan En Kadhalan
Oli Vilakku
Kanavan
Siritha Mugam
1969 Nirai Kudam
Aayiram Poi Muthu
Ulagam Ivvalavuthaan
Adimai Penn
Aindhu Laksham
Kanni Penn
Magizham Poo
Annaiyum Pithavum
1970 En Annan
Maattukara Velan
Engal Thangam
Enga Mama Gnanam
Thedi Vandha Mappillai Karpagam
Dharisanam
Nadu Iravil
Vilayattu Pillai
Snegithi
1971 Muhammad bin Tughluq
Therottam
Neerum Neruppum
Rickshawkaran
Oru Thaai Makkal
Kumari Kottam Babu
Arunodhayam
Soodhattam
Yanai Valartha Vanambadi Magan
1972 Thavapudhalavan
Unakkum Enakkum
Mr.Sampath
Puguntha Veedu
Thaaikku Oru Pillai
Sange Muzhangu
Deiva Sankalpam
1973 Vandhale Magarasi
Suryakanthi
Gauravam
Pon Vanndu
Vakkuruthi
Ganga Gowri
Manitharil Maanikkam
Kasi Yathirai
Ponnunjal
Shanmugapriya
Vayadi
Veettukku Vandha Marumagal
Malligai Poo
School Master
Nalla Mudivu
Anbu Sagodharargal
1974 Thanga Pathakkam
Orey Saatchi
Anbai Thedi
Idhayam Parkkirathu Guest appearance
Roshakkaari
Devi Sri Karmariamman
Kalyanamam Kalyanam
Onne Onnu Kanne Kannu
Pillai Selvam
Thai Pasam
Magalukkaga
1975 Aan Pillai Singam
Sonthankal Vaazhga
Andharangam
Cinema Paithiyam Guest appearance
Unga Veettu Kalyaanam
Avandhan Manidhan
Thai Veettu Seethanam
Uravu Solla Oruvan
Yarukkum Vetkamillai
Pinchu Manam
Melnaattu Marumagal Guest appearance
1976 Unmaye Un Vilai Enna
Mayor Meenakshi
Rojavin Raja
Avan Oru Sarithiram Guest appearance
Perum Pugazhum
1977 Thanikudithanam
Balappareetchai
Unnai Sutrum Ulagam Guest appearance
1978 Sakka Podu Podu Raja
Annapoorani
1979 Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai
Nadagame Ulagam
Velum Mayilum Thunai
1981 Kadavulin Theerppu
1983 Adutha Varisu
1984 Naan Mahaan Alla A. R. Chandran/Reddy
Saattai Illatha Pambaram
1985 Navgraha Nayagi
Puthiya Theerpu
1986 Kanna Thorakkanum Saami
1987 Chinna Kuyil Paaduthu
Kani Nilam
Manithan
Anand
Paruva Ragam
1988 Guru Sishyan
1990 Adhisaya Piravi
1990 Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga
1998 Kadhala Kadhala

Direction[edit | edit source]

  1. Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971)
  2. Mr. Sampath (1972)
  3. Yarukkum Vetkam Illai (1975)
  4. Unmaiye Un Vilai Enna (1976)
  5. Sambo Siva Samboo (1977)

Screenplay[edit | edit source]

  1. Thenmazhai (1966)
  2. Ninaivil Nindraval (1967)
  3. Manam Oru Kurangu (1967)
  4. Neelagiri Express (1968)
  5. Bommalattam (1968)
  6. Aayiram Poi (1969)
  7. Nirai Kudam (1969)

Story and dialogues[edit | edit source]

  1. Kani Nilam (1987)

Other works[edit | edit source]

Plays[edit | edit source]

Year Play Role Notes
Kalyani debut drama
Wait and See directed by KB
Why Not directed by KB
What For directed by KB
Muhammad bin Tughluq
Yaarukkum Vetkamillai
Saathiram Sonnadhillai
Nermai Urangum Neram
Iraivan Irandhuvittana?
Enru Thaniyum Inda Sudandira Thaagam?
Judgement Reserved
Quo Vadis
Unmayae Unn Villai Ennae?
Saraswathiyin Selvan
Unmai Urangum Neram
Madras by Night

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  1. Hindu Maha Samudram Vol – I, II, III, IV, V, and VI (Latest)
  2. Mahabaratham Pesugirathu
  3. Valmiki Ramayanam
  4. Verukathagada Bramaniyam
  5. Nane Raja

Television[edit | edit source]

  1. Engey Brahmanan?
  2. Verukatthakkatha Brahmaneeyam?
  3. Sambavami Yuge Yuge
  4. Vande Mataram
  5. Ivargalai Therindhu Kollungal
  6. Washington Il Nallathambi
  7. Sarakar Pugunda Veedu
  8. Koovam Nadikaraiyinile
  9. Adhigaprasangam
  10. Yaro Ivar Yaro?
  11. Saadhal Ellaiyel Kaadhal
  12. Mydear BrahmaDeva
  13. India Enge Pogiradhu?
  14. Kamarajarai Sandhitthen
  15. Puratchi Geethai
  16. Sattam Thalai Guniyattum
  17. Enge Pogirai?
  18. Embak Kana Onru Kandaen
  19. Saraswathiyin Selvan
  20. Manam Oru Kurangu
  21. En Koodathu?
  22. Eravil Chennai
  23. Uravugal Ellaiyadi Pappa
  24. Edarkaga?
  25. Thiraiyulagathai Thirumbi Parkiraen
  26. Unmayae Unn Villai Ennae?
  27. Janatha Nagar Colony

Satire[edit | edit source]

Following Sanjay Gandhi's death in an air crash, Cho released stamps in memory of Capt. Subhash Saxena, the pilot of the aircraft, who also died in the air crash. The postal departments failed to realise that these stamps were not official and mistakenly delivered mail that had them affixed.[21]

Illness and death[edit | edit source]

Cho was hospitalized in January 2015 and was in and out of hospital due to illness. He died of a cardiac arrest at 3:58 AM on 7 December 2016, aged 82, at Apollo Hospital in Chennai, where he was receiving treatment for respiratory problems. He was survived by his wife, Soundaramba Ramaswamy,[22] son Rajivakshan alias Sriram, and daughter Sindhu.[23][24][25][26]

His death happened a day after Jayalalithaa had died. Rajinikanth disclosed later that Jayalalithaa had always wished that Cho should live as long as she lived. He quoted: "As it turns out, he was alive till then and even few hours after that."[27]

K. Veeramani, leader of the Dravidar Kazhagam and a self-confessed atheist, in his tributes to Cho, said he was a unique journalist with independent views.[13]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Geetha, V. (7 December 2016). "Cho Ramaswamy (1934-2016): Writer and editor who was a relentless critic of power and its misdeeds". Scroll.in. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  2. ↑ The Week. "Political Satirist". Malayala Manorama. p. 91.
  3. ↑ "Cho Ramaswamy". veethi.com. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  4. ↑ "Cho Ramaswamy: The man who defied many and yet defined many". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  5. ↑ Geetha Venkataramanan (8 December 2016). "Actor Neelu on his 60-year old bond with Cho". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  6. ↑ "Jayalalithaa's friend, Modi's 'Rajguru': Who was Cho Ramaswamy?". India Today. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  7. ↑ Karthika Raveendran (7 December 2016). "Rajinikanth, Sivakumar, Suriya, Karthi pay homage to late Journalist-actor Cho Ramaswamy". Bollywoodlife.com. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  8. ↑ "Thuglak". Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  9. ↑ "Narendra Modi will win laurels for India in the future – Shri Cho Ramaswamy". YouTube. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021.
  10. ↑ "Cho Ramaswamy articulated the anxieties of conservative, middle-class Brahmins". The Economic Times.
  11. ↑ "PadmaAwards-2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2017.
  12. ↑ "Cho Ramaswamy articulated the anxieties of conservative, middle-class Brahmins". The Economic Times.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Cho Ramaswamy: Fearless critic who was a friend to all". 7 December 2016.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Cho Ramaswamy: Remembering the C(onservative) H(indutva) O(racle)". News18. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  15. ↑ Veeraraghav, T. M. (30 November 2019). "Art of Political Alliance: How Men Like Cho Ramaswamy Mastered It". TheQuint. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Remembering Cho Ramaswamy, the Statesman-Satirist Who Knew No Fear". The Wire. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  17. ↑ "Cho Ramaswamy, a prolific writer who spared neither friend nor foe - An obituary". The News Minute. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  18. ↑ December 7, India Today Web Desk (7 December 2016). "Jayalalithaa's friend, Modi's 'Rajguru': Who was Cho Ramaswamy?". India Today. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ Biodata; accessed 28 January 2018.Archived 14 May 2003 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ↑ "He Introduced Me As 'Merchant of Death': PM Modi on Cho Ramaswamy". Ndtv.com. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  21. ↑ "Cho's 'Thuglak' -- 50 Years of Poking Fun at Power, Donkey Style | Outlook Magazine".
  22. ↑ Ramaswamy, Srinivasa Iyer. "Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy passes away, aged 82". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  23. ↑ Obituary, thehindu.com; accessed 28 January 2018.
  24. ↑ "Cho Ramaswamy watched Jayalalithaa's final journey before he breathed his last — Firstpost". firstpost.com. 7 December 2016.
  25. ↑ "Cho Ramaswamy watched Jayalalithaa's final journey before he breathed his last". Firstpost.com. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  26. ↑ Ramaswamy, Cho (7 December 2016). "Cho Ramaswamy passes away". The Hindu. The Hindu India. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  27. ↑ Jesudasan, Dennis S. (14 January 2017). "Modi pays tributes to 'Cho' Ramaswamy". The Hindu.

External links[edit | edit source]

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