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{{Short description|71st raga in the Melakarta}} | |||
{{Use British English|date=October 2011}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} | |||
{{Carnatic}} | |||
{{Infobox ragam | {{Infobox ragam | ||
| name = Kosalam | | name = Kosalam | ||
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| similar = | | similar = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kosalam''' (pronounced kōsalam) is a [[raga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 71st ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music and is the ''prati madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Shoolini]]'', which is the 35th ''melakarta''. It is called '''Kusumākaram''' in [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] school of Carnatic music.<ref name="dikshitar">''Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal'' by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai</ref><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> | |||
'''Kosalam''' (pronounced kōsalam) is a [[ | |||
==Structure and Lakshana== | ==Structure and Lakshana== | ||
[[Image:Kosalam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Kosalam'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]] | [[Image:Kosalam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Kosalam'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]] | ||
''Kosalam'' is the 5th rāgam in the 12th ''chakra Aditya''. The mnemonic name is ''Aditya-Ma''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ru gu mi pa dhi nu''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara# | ''Kosalam'' is the 5th rāgam in the 12th ''chakra Aditya''. The mnemonic name is ''Aditya-Ma''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ru gu mi pa dhi nu''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms): | ||
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R3|G3|M2|P|D2|N3|S'|foot=yes}} | *[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R3|G3|M2|P|D2|N3|S'|foot=yes}} | ||
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|R3|S|foot=yes}} | *[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|R3|S|foot=yes}} | ||
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A few compositions set to ''Kosalam'' rāgam are: | A few compositions set to ''Kosalam'' rāgam are: | ||
*''Kusumaakara Shobhitha'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] | |||
*''Sri chakrapura vasini'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]] | *''Sri chakrapura vasini'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]] | ||
*''Idi neeku nyayama'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]] | *''Idi neeku nyayama'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]] | ||
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*''Ka Guha Shanmukha'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]] | *''Ka Guha Shanmukha'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]] | ||
*''Ō ManasĀ muktiNi ganumu'' by [[Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna]] | *''Ō ManasĀ muktiNi ganumu'' by [[Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna]] | ||
Famous Movie song incorporating Kosalam is Sundari Kannal from Dalapathy movie in addition to Kalyani. | |||
The song Paarthene from [[Mookuthi Amman]] by [[Girishh Gopalakrishnan]] is also based on Kosalam. | |||
== Related rāgams == | == Related rāgams == | ||
Latest revision as of 16:13, 27 October 2025
| Carnatic music |
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| Arohanam | S R₃ G₃ M₂ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ |
|---|---|
| Avarohanam | Ṡ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₃ R₃ S |
| Equivalent | Lydian #2 scale |
Kosalam (pronounced kōsalam) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 71st Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music and is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Shoolini, which is the 35th melakarta. It is called Kusumākaram in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.[1][2][3]
Structure and Lakshana[edit | edit source]
Kosalam is the 5th rāgam in the 12th chakra Aditya. The mnemonic name is Aditya-Ma. The mnemonic phrase is sa ru gu mi pa dhi nu.[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
- ārohaṇa: S R₃ G₃ M₂ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ[lower-alpha 1]
- avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₃ R₃ S[lower-alpha 2]
(the scale's notes are shatsruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham)
Kosalam is a melakarta rāgam and hence, by definition, it is a sampoorna rāgam (it has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale).
Janya rāgams[edit | edit source]
Kosalam has a janya rāgam (derived scale) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for list of rāgams associated with Kosalam and other melakarta rāgams.
Compositions[edit | edit source]
A few compositions set to Kosalam rāgam are:
- Kusumaakara Shobhitha by Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sri chakrapura vasini by Muthiah Bhagavatar
- Idi neeku nyayama by Mysore Vasudevachar
- Ubhaya kaveri by Veene Sheshanna
- Ka Guha Shanmukha by Koteeswara Iyer
- Ō ManasĀ muktiNi ganumu by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Famous Movie song incorporating Kosalam is Sundari Kannal from Dalapathy movie in addition to Kalyani.
The song Paarthene from Mookuthi Amman by Girishh Gopalakrishnan is also based on Kosalam.
Related rāgams[edit | edit source]
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of Kosalam.
Kosalam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 3 other melakarta rāgams, namely, Keeravani, Hemavati and Vakulabharanam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Keeravani.
