Parliament of India: Difference between revisions

Parliament of India

*Bhāratīya Sansad*
Parliament of India ; Bhāratīya Sansad
	State Emblem of India
	Logo
Type
Type	Bicameral
Houses	Council of States (Upper house); House of People (Lower house)
History
Founded	26 January 1950 (75 years ago)
Preceded by	Constituent Assembly of India
Leadership
President of India	Droupadi Murmu ; since 25 July 2022
Vice President of India & Chairman of the Rajya Sabha	Jagdeep Dhankhar ; since 11 August 2022
Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha	Harivansh Narayan Singh, JDU ; since 14 September 2020
Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha	Piyush Goyal, BJP ; since 14 July 2021
Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha	Mallikarjun Kharge, INC ; since 1 October 2022
Speaker of the Lok Sabha	Om Birla, BJP ; since 19 June 2019
Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha	Vacant ; since 23 May 2019
Leader of the House in Lok Sabha	Narendra Modi, BJP ; since 26 May 2014
Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha	Vacant (Since 26 May 2014, No party has more than 10% Seats, other than the ruling BJP)
Structure
Seats	788 ; 245 Members of Rajya Sabha; 543 Members of Lok Sabha;
Rajya Sabha political groups	Government (110); Opposition (129); Vacant (6);
Lok Sabha political groups	Government (330); Opposition (211); Vacant (2);
Elections
Rajya Sabha voting system	Single transferable vote
Lok Sabha voting system	First-past-the-post
Rajya Sabha last election	10 June 2022
Lok Sabha last election	11 April – 19 May 2019
Rajya Sabha next election	2023
Lok Sabha next election	May 2024
Meeting place
	Sansad Bhavan; Sansad Marg, New Delhi; Republic of India
Website
	parliamentofindia.nic.in
Constitution
	Constitution of India

Revision as of 03:55, 17 March 2023

Coordinates: 28°37′2″N 77°12′29″E / 28.61722°N 77.20806°E / 28.61722; 77.20806

The Parliament of India (IAST: Bhāratīya Sansad) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The president in his role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and his Union Council of Ministers.

Those elected or nominated (by the president) to either house of Parliament are referred to as members of Parliament (MPs). The members of parliament of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public voting in single-member districts and the members of parliament of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of all state legislative assemblies by proportional representation. The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of 543 in the Lok Sabha and 245 in the Rajya Sabha including 12 nominees from the expertise of different fields of literature, art, science, and social service.^[7] The Parliament meets at Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi. The Parliament of India represents the largest democratic electorate in the world (the second is the European Parliament), with an electorate of 912 million eligible voters in 2019.

History

During British rule, the legislative branch of India was the Imperial Legislative Council, which was created in 1861 via the Indian Councils Act of 1861^[8]^[9] and disbanded in 1947, when India gained independence. Following independence, the Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India, its members serving as the nation's first parliament.^[10] In 1950 after the constitution came into force, the Constituent Assembly of India was disbanded,^[11] and succeeded by the Parliament of India, which is active to this day.

Parliament House

The Parliament House (Sansad Bhavan) is located in New Delhi. It was designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, who were made responsible for the planning and construction of New Delhi by the British government, as the home of the Central Legislative Assembly, the Council of State, and the Chamber of Princes. The construction of the building took six years, and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the viceroy and governor-general of India, Lord Irwin. The construction cost for the building was ₹8.3 million (US$95,000).^[12]

The building is 21 metres (70 ft) tall, 170 metres (560 ft) in diameter and covers an area of 2.29 hectares (5.66 acres). The Central Hall consists of the chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library hall. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses parliamentary committees, offices and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.^[12]

File:Statue of Chandragupta Maurya at Parliament of India.jpg

Statue of Chandragupta Maurya at Parliament of India

General layout of the Parliament

The center and the focus of the building is the Central Hall. It consists of chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library Hall, and between them lie garden courts. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for ministers, chairmen, parliamentary committees, party offices, important offices of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariat, and also the offices of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. The Central Hall is circular in shape and the dome is 30 metres (98 ft) in diameter.

It is a place of historical importance. The Indian Constitution was framed in the Central Hall. The Central Hall was originally used in the library of the erstwhile Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States. In 1946, it was converted and refurbished into the Constituent Assembly Hall. At present, the Central Hall is used for holding joint sittings of both the houses of parliament and also used for address by the president at the commencement of the first session after each general election.

New premises

A new parliament building is under construction and is intended to replace the existing complex. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag.^[13]^[14]

A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building was set up by former Speaker Meira Kumar in 2012.^[15] Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation and performed the ground-breaking ceremony for the new Parliament building on 10 December 2020.^[16]^[17] With an estimated cost of ₹9.71 billion, the building is expected to be completed by 2022.^[16]^[17]

Composition

The Indian Parliament consists of two houses, namely, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, with the president of India acting as their head.

State-wise distribution of seats in each house of Parliament

President of India

The president of India, the head of state, is a component of Parliament. Under Article 60 and Article 111 of the constitution, the president's responsibility is to ensure that laws passed by the Parliament are in accordance with the constitutional mandate and that the stipulated procedure is followed before indicating approval to the bills. The president of India is elected by the elected members of the Parliament of India and the state legislatures and serves for a term of five years.^[18]

Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has 543 members. Members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise representing parliamentary constituencies across the country. Between 1952 and 2020, two additional members of the Anglo-Indian community were also nominated by the president of India on the advice of the Indian government, which was abolished in January 2020 by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.^[19] thus, the total seats of lok sabha is 550 now.

Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for members of the Lok Sabha. The constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each state and the population of the state is, so far as practicable, the same for all states.^[20]

Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) or the upper house is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One-third of the members retire every second year and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years.^[21] Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from states, and union territories and 12 are nominated by the president. The number of members from a state depends on its population. The minimum age for a person to become a member of the Rajya Sabha is 30 years.

Session of Parliament

The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The constitution empowers the president to summon each house at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India, the Parliament conducts three sessions each year: member committee to investigation into the charges^[22]

Budget session: January/February to May
Monsoon session: July to August/September
Winter session: November to December

Lawmaking procedures

Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the president, becomes an act of Parliament. Money bills must originate in the Lok Sabha. The Council of States can only make recommendations over the bills to the House, within a period of fourteen days.^[23]

Parliamentary committees

Parliamentary committees are formed to deliberate specific matters at length. The public is directly or indirectly associated and studies are conducted to help committees arrive at the conclusions. Parliamentary committees are of two kinds: ad hoc committees and standing committees.^[24]^[25]^[26]

Standing committees are permanent committees constituted from time to time in pursuance of the provisions of an act of Parliament or rules of procedure and conduct of business in Parliament. The work of these committees is of a continuing nature. Ad hoc committees are appointed for a specific purpose and they cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submit a report.

Incidents

On 13 December 2001, Indian Parliament was attacked by an Islamic terrorist group. The perpetrators were Lashkar-e-Taiba (Let) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) terrorists. The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists, six Delhi Police personnel, two Parliament Security Services personnel, and a gardener, which totalled 14 fatalities. The incident led to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the India–Pakistan standoff.^[27]

Unparliamentary words and expressions

In 2022, the Lok Sabha secretariat released a booklet listing out unparliamentary words and expressions before the start of the Monsoon session on 18 July 2022. The banned words if used during debates or otherwise in both the houses would be expunged from the records of the parliament. The banned words included, 'anarchist', 'Shakuni', 'dictatorial', 'taanashah', 'taanashahi', 'Jaichand', 'vinash purush', 'Khalistani'. The booklet also banned some expressions as unparliamentary expressions, such as 'khoon se kheti', 'dohra charitra', 'nikamma', 'nautanki', 'dhindora peetna' and 'behri sarkar'.^[28]

Some of the English words that were banned included, 'bloodshed', 'bloody', 'betrayed', 'ashamed', 'abused', 'cheated, 'chamcha', 'chamchagiri', 'chelas', 'childishness', 'corrupt', 'coward', 'criminal' and 'crocodile tears', 'disgrace', 'donkey', 'drama', 'eyewash', 'fudge', 'hooliganism', 'hypocrisy', 'incompetent', 'mislead', 'lie' and 'untrue'.^[28]

Some of the unparliamentary Hindi words listed in the booklet included 'anarchist', 'gaddar', 'girgit', 'goons', 'ghadiyali ansu', 'apmaan', 'asatya', 'ahankaar', 'corrupt', 'kala din', 'kala bazaari', 'khareed farokht', 'danga', 'dalal', 'daadagiri', 'dohra charitra', 'bechara', 'bobcut', 'lollypop', 'vishwasghat', 'samvedanheen', 'foolish', 'pitthu', 'behri sarkar' and 'sexual harassment'.^[28]^[29]

Gallery

Jawaharlal Nehru and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947.
Constituent Assembly of India
Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the Constituent Assembly in 1946.
Indian prime minister Morarji Desai listens to Jimmy Carter as he addresses the Indian Parliament House.
President of the United States Barack Obama addressing a joint session of the Parliament in 2010.

References

↑ "Droupadi Murmu takes oath as the 15th President of India". The Hindu. New Delhi, India. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
↑ "Jagdeep Dhankhar sworn in as 14th Vice-President of India". The Times of India. Mumbai, India. 11 August 2022.
↑ "Harivansh Narayan Singh re-elected Rajya Sabha deputy chairman | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 14 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
↑ "Minister Piyush Goyal To Be Leader Of House in Rajya Sabha". NDTV. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
↑ "Om Birla unanimously elected Lok Sabha Speaker, PM Modi heaps praise on BJP colleague". India Today. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
↑ "Narendra Modi is sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of India". The Times of India. 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
↑ "Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha". Rajya Sabha. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
↑ "History | Our Legislature through the ages – Civilsdaily". 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
↑ "Indian Councils Act | 1861, India | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
↑ "United Nations General Assembly Session 18 Agenda item 23 - Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples". Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
↑ "Indian Politics and Society Since Independence" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 "History of the Parliament, Delhi". delhiassembly.nic.in. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
↑ "Delhi may see a new Parliament building". The Times of India. 13 July 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
↑ Firstpost (13 July 2012). "Speaker sets up panel to suggest new home for Parliament". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Meaira Kumar
↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 Chaturvedi, Rakesh Mohan (10 December 2020). "PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone of new Parliament building". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 PTI (5 December 2020). "PM Modi to lay foundation stone of new Parliament building on Dec 10". Business Today. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
↑ Constitution of India (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. 1 December 2007. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
↑ "Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan". www.live law.in. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
↑ "Lok Sabha". parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
↑ "Parliament – Government: National Portal of India". Home: National Portal of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
↑ "Our Parliament" (PDF). New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
↑ "How bill becomes act". parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
↑ Parliamentary Committee. "Parliament of India". Indian Parliament. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012.
↑ Committees of Rajya Sabha. "General Information". Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012.
↑ Lok Sabha - Committee Home. "Introduction". Lok Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016.
↑ "Terrorists attack Parliament; five intruders, six cops killed". rediff.com. 13 December 2001. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
↑ ^28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 "'Jumlajeevi', 'baal buddhi', 'Covid spreader' among words now banned in Parliament". telegraphindia.com. 14 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
↑ "From 'Corrupt' To 'Jumlajeevi', Words Banned In Parliament. Cue Backlash". NDTV.com. 14 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.

External links

Template:Wikisource portal-inline

[1] "Droupadi Murmu takes oath as the 15th President of India". The Hindu. New Delhi, India. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.

[2] "Jagdeep Dhankhar sworn in as 14th Vice-President of India". The Times of India. Mumbai, India. 11 August 2022.

[3] "Harivansh Narayan Singh re-elected Rajya Sabha deputy chairman | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 14 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.

[4] "Minister Piyush Goyal To Be Leader Of House in Rajya Sabha". NDTV. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.

[5] "Om Birla unanimously elected Lok Sabha Speaker, PM Modi heaps praise on BJP colleague". India Today. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.

[6] "Narendra Modi is sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of India". The Times of India. 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.

[7] "Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha". Rajya Sabha. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.

[8] "History | Our Legislature through the ages – Civilsdaily". 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.

[9] "Indian Councils Act | 1861, India | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.

[10] "United Nations General Assembly Session 18 Agenda item 23 - Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples". Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2022.

[11] "Indian Politics and Society Since Independence" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.

[auto-12] 12.0 ^12.1 "History of the Parliament, Delhi". delhiassembly.nic.in. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

[13] "Delhi may see a new Parliament building". The Times of India. 13 July 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

[Meira_Kumar-14] Firstpost (13 July 2012). "Speaker sets up panel to suggest new home for Parliament". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.

[Meaira_Kumar-15] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Meaira Kumar

[ET2020-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Chaturvedi, Rakesh Mohan (10 December 2020). "PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone of new Parliament building". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

[BT-17] 17.0 ^17.1 PTI (5 December 2020). "PM Modi to lay foundation stone of new Parliament building on Dec 10". Business Today. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

[18] Constitution of India (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. 1 December 2007. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2013.

[19] "Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan". www.live law.in. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

[Lok_Sabha-20] "Lok Sabha". parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2011.

[21] "Parliament – Government: National Portal of India". Home: National Portal of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.

[Our_Parliament-22] "Our Parliament" (PDF). New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.

[23] "How bill becomes act". parliamentofindia.nic.in. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.

[Committee-24] Parliamentary Committee. "Parliament of India". Indian Parliament. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012.

[25] Committees of Rajya Sabha. "General Information". Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012.

[26] Lok Sabha - Committee Home. "Introduction". Lok Sabha Secretariat. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016.

[27] "Terrorists attack Parliament; five intruders, six cops killed". rediff.com. 13 December 2001. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

[telegraphindia_2022-28] 28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 "'Jumlajeevi', 'baal buddhi', 'Covid spreader' among words now banned in Parliament". telegraphindia.com. 14 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.

[29] "From 'Corrupt' To 'Jumlajeevi', Words Banned In Parliament. Cue Backlash". NDTV.com. 14 July 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
 {{Infobox legislature
-| background_color = #00000F
 |name              = Parliament of India
-|native_name = {{lang|hi-Latn|Bhāratīya Sansad}}
+|native_name={{nobold|{{IAST|Bhāratīya Sansad}}}}
-|coa_pic           = Indian Parliament.svg
+|coa_pic           = Emblem of India.svg <!-- The State Emblem is here because it is used as a coat of arms on the official websites of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. There seems to be no other symbol used by Parliament in an official capacity. Do not replace the State Emblem with a generic drawing or an image with unclear relation to Parliament. -->
-|coa_caption       =
+|coa_caption       = [[State Emblem of India]]
-|coa_res           = 210px
+|coa_res           = 100px
-|coa_alt           =
+|coa_alt           = A picture of the State Emblem of India. Composed of four lions facing the four directions standing back to back on an abacus. The abacus carries a frieze of a bull, a horse, a lion and an elephant in profile, separated by 24-spoked wheels between each pair, all presented in high relief.
 |house_type        = [[Bicameralism|Bicameral]]
 |foundation        = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1950|01|26}}
 |preceded_by       = [[Constituent Assembly of India]]
-|houses            = [[Rajya Sabha]] (Upper house)<br />[[Lok Sabha]] (Lower house)
+|houses            = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] (Upper house)<br />[[Lok Sabha|House of People]] (Lower house)
 |leader1_type      = [[President of India]]
-|leader1           = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/live-updates-president-swearing-in-ceremony/article19357489.ece|title=Live: Ram Nath Kovind becomes the 14th President of India|date=25 July 2017|work=The Hindu|location=New Delhi, India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725080450/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/live-updates-president-swearing-in-ceremony/article19357489.ece|archive-date=25 July 2017}}</ref>
+|leader1           = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/droupadi-murmu-takes-oath-as-countrys-15th-president/article65681087.ece|title=Droupadi Murmu takes oath as the 15th President of India|date=25 July 2022|work=The Hindu|location=New Delhi, India|access-date=25 July 2022|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725161244/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/droupadi-murmu-takes-oath-as-countrys-15th-president/article65681087.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |party1            =
-|election1         = [[2017 Indian presidential election|25 July 2017]]
+|election1         = [[2022 Indian presidential election|25 July 2022]]
-|leader2_type      = [[Vice President of India]] & [[Vice President of India|Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]
+|leader2_type      = [[Vice President of India|Vice President of India & Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]
-|leader2           = [[Venkaiah Naidu]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/venkaiah-naidu-sworn-in-as-vice-president/article19471240.ece|title=Venkaiah Naidu sworn in as Vice-President|date=11 August 2017|work=The Hindu|location=New Delhi, India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209173947/http://rstv.nic.in/rstv/aboutus.asp|archive-date=9 February 2014}}</ref>
+|leader2           = [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jagdeep-dhankhar-sworn-in-as-14th-vice-president-of-india/articleshow/93493035.cms|title=Jagdeep Dhankhar sworn in as 14th Vice-President of India|date=11 August 2022|work=The Times of India|location=Mumbai, India}}</ref>
 |party2            =
-|election2         = [[2017 Indian vice presidential election|11 August 2017]]
+|election2         = [[2022 Indian vice presidential election|11 August 2022]]
 |leader3_type      = [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]
-|leader3           = [[Harivansh Narayan Singh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Harivansh Narayan Singh re-elected Rajya Sabha deputy chairman {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/harivansh-re-elected-rs-deputy-chairman-he-belongs-to-all-sides-of-aisle-says-pm/articleshow/78107220.cms |access-date=14 September 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=14 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
+|leader3           = [[Harivansh Narayan Singh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Harivansh Narayan Singh re-elected Rajya Sabha deputy chairman {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/harivansh-re-elected-rs-deputy-chairman-he-belongs-to-all-sides-of-aisle-says-pm/articleshow/78107220.cms |access-date=14 September 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=14 September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914141546/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/harivansh-re-elected-rs-deputy-chairman-he-belongs-to-all-sides-of-aisle-says-pm/articleshow/78107220.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |party3            = [[Janata Dal (United)|JDU]]
 |election3         = 14 September 2020
 |leader4_type      = [[Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha]]
-|leader4           = [[Piyush Goyal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/union-minister-piyush-goyal-to-be-leader-of-house-in-rajya-sabha-2486486|title=Minister Piyush Goyal To Be Leader Of House in Rajya Sabha|website=NDTV|access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
+|leader4           = [[Piyush Goyal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/union-minister-piyush-goyal-to-be-leader-of-house-in-rajya-sabha-2486486|title=Minister Piyush Goyal To Be Leader Of House in Rajya Sabha|website=NDTV|access-date=14 July 2021|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714112136/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/union-minister-piyush-goyal-to-be-leader-of-house-in-rajya-sabha-2486486|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |party4            = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
 |election4         = 14 July 2021
@@ Line 34: / Line 33: @@
 |leader5           = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
 |leader6_type      = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
-|leader6           = [[Om Birla]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/om-birla-appointed-lok-sabha-speaker-1551719-2019-06-19|title=Om Birla unanimously elected Lok Sabha Speaker, PM Modi heaps praise on BJP colleague|newspaper=India Today|language=en|access-date=19 June 2019|date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
+|leader6           = [[Om Birla]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/om-birla-appointed-lok-sabha-speaker-1551719-2019-06-19|title=Om Birla unanimously elected Lok Sabha Speaker, PM Modi heaps praise on BJP colleague|newspaper=India Today|language=en|access-date=19 June 2019|date=19 June 2019|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620082200/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/om-birla-appointed-lok-sabha-speaker-1551719-2019-06-19|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |party6            = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
 |election6         = [[2019 Indian general election|19 June 2019]]
 |leader7_type      = [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
 |leader7           = Vacant
 |party7            =
 |election7         = [[2019 Indian general election|23 May 2019]]
 |leader8_type      = [[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]]
 |leader8           = [[Narendra Modi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modi-is-sworn-in-as-the-15th-Prime-Minister-of-India/articleshow/35620796.cms|title=Narendra Modi is sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of India|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 May 2014|access-date=15 August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906183222/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Narendra-Modi-is-sworn-in-as-the-15th-Prime-Minister-of-India/articleshow/35620796.cms|archive-date=6 September 2014}}</ref>
 |leader9_type      = [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]]
-|leader9           = Vacant {{small|(Since 26 May 2014, No party has 10% Seats, other than the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])}}
+|leader9           = Vacant {{small|(Since 26 May 2014, No party has more than 10% Seats, other than the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])}}
 |party8            = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
 |election8         = [[2014 Indian general election|26 May 2014]]
-|seats             = {{big|'''788'''}} <br/> {{bulleted list|245 [[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha|Members of Rajya Sabha]]<br />|543 [[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha|Members of Lok Sabha]]}}
+|seats             = {{big|'''788'''}} <br /> {{bulleted list|245 [[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha|Members of Rajya Sabha]]|543 [[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha|Members of Lok Sabha]]}}
 |party5            = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
-|election5         = 15 February 2021
+|election5         = 1 October 2022
 |house1            = [[Rajya Sabha]]
 |house2            = [[Lok Sabha]]
-|structure1        = File:Rajya_Sabha_2021.svg
+|structure1        = File:Rajya Sabha Updated July 2022.svg
 |structure1_res    =300px
-|structure2       =File:17th_Lok_sabha_2021.svg
+|structure2       =File:17 th Lok Sabha Updated August 2022.svg
 |structure2_res    = 300px
 |political_groups1 =
-*'''[[Government of India|Government]] (120)'''
+* '''[[Government of India|Government]] (110)'''
-*'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (117)'''
+* '''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (129)'''
-*'''Vacant (8)'''
+* '''Vacant (6)'''
 |political_groups2 =
-*'''[[Government of India|Government]] (336)'''
+* '''[[Government of India|Government]] (330)'''
-*'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (203)'''
+* '''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (211)'''
-*'''Vacant (4)'''
+* '''Vacant (2)'''
 |voting_system1    = [[Single transferable vote]]
 |voting_system2    = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]]
-|last_election1    = [[2020 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|2 November 2020]]
+|last_election1    = [[2022 Rajya Sabha elections|10 June 2022]]
-|next_election1    = [[2022 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|2022]]
+|next_election1    = [[2023 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|2023]]
 |last_election2    = [[2019 Indian general election|11 April – 19 May 2019]]
 |next_election2    = [[Next Indian general election|May 2024]]
-|session_room      =
+|session_room      =File:SansadBhavan dtv.jpg
 |session_res       = 300px
-|meeting_place     = [[Parliament House, New Delhi|Sansad Bhavan]], [[Sansad Marg]], [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
+|meeting_place     = [[Parliament House, New Delhi|Sansad Bhavan]]<br /> [[Sansad Marg]], [[New Delhi]]<br /> [[Republic of India]]
 |website           = {{URL|parliamentofindia.nic.in}}
 |constitution      = [[Constitution of India]]
-}}
+|logo=File:Indian Parliament.svg|logo_res=275px
+|background_color=#000080}}
 {{Politics of India}}
 The '''Parliament of India''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{IAST|Bhāratīya Sansad}}) is the supreme [[legislative body]] of the [[Republic of India]]. It is a [[bicameralism|bicameral]] [[legislature]] composed of the [[president of India]] and two houses: the [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of States) and the [[Lok Sabha]] (House of the People). The president in his role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the [[prime minister of India|prime minister]] and his [[Union Council of Ministers]].
-Those elected or nominated (by the president) to either house of Parliament are referred to as [[member of Parliament (India)|members of Parliament]] (MPs). The [[member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|members of parliament of the Lok Sabha]] are [[direct election|directly elected]] by the Indian public voting in [[single-member district]]s and the [[member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|members of parliament of the Rajya Sabha]] are elected by the [[member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members]] of all [[Vidhan Sabha|state legislative assemblies]] by [[proportional representation]]. The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of 543 in the Lok Sabha and 245 in the Rajya Sabha including 12 nominees from the expertise of different fields of literature, art, science, and social service.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/practice_procedure/book2.asp |website=Rajya Sabha |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> The Parliament meets at [[Parliament House (India)|Sansad Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]].
+Those elected or nominated (by the president) to either house of Parliament are referred to as [[member of Parliament (India)|members of Parliament]] (MPs). The [[member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|members of parliament of the Lok Sabha]] are [[direct election|directly elected]] by the Indian public voting in [[single-member district]]s and the [[member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|members of parliament of the Rajya Sabha]] are elected by the [[member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members]] of all [[Vidhan Sabha|state legislative assemblies]] by [[proportional representation]]. The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of 543 in the Lok Sabha and 245 in the Rajya Sabha including 12 nominees from the expertise of different fields of literature, art, science, and social service.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominated Members of Rajya Sabha |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/practice_procedure/book2.asp |website=Rajya Sabha |access-date=26 January 2022 |archive-date=26 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126205130/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/practice_procedure/book2.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> The Parliament meets at [[Parliament House (India)|Sansad Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]]. The Parliament of India represents the largest democratic electorate in the world (the second is the [[European Parliament]]), with an electorate of 912 million eligible voters in 2019.
 ==History==
 {{Main|Imperial Legislative Council|Constituent Assembly of India}}
-During [[British Raj|British rule]], the legislative branch of India was the Imperial Legislative Council, which was created in 1861 via the [[Indian Councils Act 1861|Indian Councils Act of 1861]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} Our Legislature through the ages – Civilsdaily|url=https://www.civilsdaily.com/legislature-through-the-ages-through-the-ages/|access-date=30 January 2022|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Councils Act {{!}} 1861, India {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Councils-Act-1861-India|access-date=30 January 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> and disbanded in 1947, when India gained independence. Following independence, the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] was elected to write the [[Constitution of India]], its members serving as the nation's first parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United Nations General Assembly Session 18 Agenda item 23 - Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples|url=https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/A/5446/Add.4}}</ref> In 1950, because of the new constitution created, the Constituent Assembly of India was disbanded,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Politics and Society Since Independence|url=http://www.hkrdb.kar.nic.in/documents/Downloads/Good%20Reads/Indian%20Politics%20and%20Society%20Since%20Independence%20-%20Bidyut%20Chakrabarty.pdf}}</ref> and succeeded by the modern Parliament of India, which is active to this day.
+During [[British Raj|British rule]], the legislative branch of India was the Imperial Legislative Council, which was created in 1861 via the [[Indian Councils Act 1861|Indian Councils Act of 1861]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} Our Legislature through the ages – Civilsdaily|date=30 December 2015 |url=https://www.civilsdaily.com/legislature-through-the-ages-through-the-ages/|access-date=30 January 2022|language=en-US|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130062736/https://www.civilsdaily.com/legislature-through-the-ages-through-the-ages/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Councils Act {{!}} 1861, India {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Councils-Act-1861-India|access-date=30 January 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130062734/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Councils-Act-1861-India|url-status=live}}</ref> and disbanded in 1947, when India gained independence. Following independence, the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] was elected to write the [[Constitution of India]], its members serving as the nation's first parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United Nations General Assembly Session 18 Agenda item 23 - Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples|url=https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/A/5446/Add.4|access-date=25 July 2022|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130180526/http://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en%2FA%2F5446%2FAdd.4|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1950 after the constitution came into force, the Constituent Assembly of India was disbanded,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Politics and Society Since Independence|url=http://www.hkrdb.kar.nic.in/documents/Downloads/Good%20Reads/Indian%20Politics%20and%20Society%20Since%20Independence%20-%20Bidyut%20Chakrabarty.pdf|access-date=30 January 2022|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130062747/http://www.hkrdb.kar.nic.in/documents/Downloads/Good%20Reads/Indian%20Politics%20and%20Society%20Since%20Independence%20-%20Bidyut%20Chakrabarty.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and succeeded by the Parliament of India, which is active to this day.
 ==Parliament House==
 {{Main|Parliament House, New Delhi}}
-The [[Parliament House (India)|Parliament House]] (''Sansad Bhavan'') is located in [[New Delhi]]. It was designed by [[Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Herbert Baker]], who were made responsible for the planning and construction of New Delhi by the British government, as the home of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]], the [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]], and the [[Chamber of Princes]]. The construction of the building took six years, and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the [[viceroy and governor-general of India]], [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]]. The construction cost for the building was {{INRConvert|8.3|m}}. The building is {{convert|70|ft|order=flip}} tall, {{convert|560|ft|order=flip}} in diameter and covers an area of {{convert|5.66|acre|order=flip}}. The Central Hall consists of the chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library hall. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses [[Standing committee (India)|parliamentary committees]], offices and the [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Parliament, Delhi|url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/history_assembly.html|publisher=delhiassembly.nic.in|access-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006075521/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.html|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref>
+The [[Parliament House (India)|Parliament House]] (''Sansad Bhavan'') is located in [[New Delhi]]. It was designed by [[Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Herbert Baker]], who were made responsible for the planning and construction of New Delhi by the British government, as the home of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]], the [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]], and the [[Chamber of Princes]]. The construction of the building took six years, and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the [[viceroy and governor-general of India]], [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]]. The construction cost for the building was {{INRConvert|8.3|m}}.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=History of the Parliament, Delhi|url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/history_assembly.html|publisher=delhiassembly.nic.in|access-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006075521/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.html|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref>
+The building is {{convert|70|ft|order=flip}} tall, {{convert|560|ft|order=flip}} in diameter and covers an area of {{convert|5.66|acre|order=flip}}. The Central Hall consists of the chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library hall. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses [[Standing committee (India)|parliamentary committees]], offices and the [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs]].<ref name="auto"/>
 [[File:Statue of Chandragupta Maurya at Parliament of India.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Chandragupta Maurya]] at Parliament of India]]
 ===General layout of the Parliament===
-The centre and the focus of the building is the Central Hall. It consists of chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library Hall and between them lie garden courts. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for ministers, chairmen, parliamentary committees, party offices, important offices of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariat, and also the offices of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. The Central Hall is circular in shape and the dome is {{convert|98|ft|order=flip}} in diameter. It is a place of historical importance. The [[Indian Constitution]] was framed in the Central Hall. The Central Hall was originally used in the library of the erstwhile Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States. In 1946, it was converted and refurbished into the Constituent Assembly Hall. At present, the Central Hall is used for holding [[Joint Session of the Parliament of India|joint sitting]]s of both the houses of parliament and also used for address by the president in the commencement of first session after each [[Lok Sabha#Lok Sabha general elections|general election]].
+The center and the focus of the building is the Central Hall. It consists of chambers of the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library Hall, and between them lie garden courts. Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed circular structure providing accommodations for ministers, chairmen, parliamentary committees, party offices, important offices of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Secretariat, and also the offices of the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. The Central Hall is circular in shape and the dome is {{convert|98|ft|order=flip}} in diameter.
-===Proposal for a new building===
+It is a place of historical importance. The [[Indian Constitution]] was framed in the Central Hall. The Central Hall was originally used in the library of the erstwhile Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States. In 1946, it was converted and refurbished into the Constituent Assembly Hall. At present, the Central Hall is used for holding [[Joint Session of the Parliament of India|joint sitting]]s of both the houses of parliament and also used for address by the president at the commencement of the first session after each [[Lok Sabha#Lok Sabha general elections|general election]].
-A new Parliament building may replace the existing complex. The new building is being considered on account of the stability concerns regarding the current complex.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi may see a new Parliament building|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/india/32662416_1_heritage-building-parliament-house-mantralaya-fire|access-date=13 December 2013|date=13 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006075521/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.html|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref> A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building has been set up by the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Former Speaker]], [[Meira Kumar]]. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staffs and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag.<ref>{{cite web|author=Firstpost|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html|title=Speaker sets up panel to suggest new home for Parliament|publisher=Firstpost|date=13 July 2012|access-date=15 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811003217/http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html|archive-date=11 August 2012}}</ref>
-Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] laid the foundation and performed the ground-breaking ceremony for the new Parliament building on 10 December 2020.<ref name="ET2020">{{cite news |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Rakesh Mohan |title=PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone of new Parliament building |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-lays-foundation-stone-of-new-parliament-building/articleshow/79659232.cms |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=10 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="BT"/> With an estimated cost of {{INR}}9.71&nbsp;billion, the building is expected to be completed by 2022.<ref name="ET2020"/><ref name="BT">{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=PM Modi to lay foundation stone of new Parliament building on Dec 10 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-new-parliament-building-on-dec-10/story/424033.html |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=Business Today |date=5 December 2020}}</ref>
+===New premises===
+[[New Indian parliament building|A new parliament building]] is under construction and is intended to replace the existing complex. The present building, an 85-year-old structure suffers from inadequacy of space to house members and their staff and is thought to suffer from structural issues. The building also needs to be protected because of its heritage tag.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi may see a new Parliament building|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/india/32662416_1_heritage-building-parliament-house-mantralaya-fire|access-date=13 December 2013|date=13 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006075521/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.html|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref><ref name = "Meira Kumar">{{cite web|author=Firstpost|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html|title=Speaker sets up panel to suggest new home for Parliament|publisher=Firstpost|date=13 July 2012|access-date=15 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811003217/http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html|archive-date=11 August 2012}}</ref>
+A committee to suggest alternatives to the current building was set up by former [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]] [[Meira Kumar]] in 2012.<ref name = "Meaira Kumar" /> Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] laid the foundation and performed the ground-breaking ceremony for the new Parliament building on 10 December 2020.<ref name="ET2020">{{cite news |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Rakesh Mohan |title=PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone of new Parliament building |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-lays-foundation-stone-of-new-parliament-building/articleshow/79659232.cms |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=10 December 2020 |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508130737/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-narendra-modi-lays-foundation-stone-of-new-parliament-building/articleshow/79659232.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BT"/> With an estimated cost of {{INR}}9.71&nbsp;billion, the building is expected to be completed by 2022.<ref name="ET2020"/><ref name="BT">{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=PM Modi to lay foundation stone of new Parliament building on Dec 10 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-new-parliament-building-on-dec-10/story/424033.html |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=Business Today |date=5 December 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120080812/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-of-new-parliament-building-on-dec-10/story/424033.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==Composition==
 The Indian Parliament consists of two houses, namely, the [[Lok Sabha]] and the [[Rajya Sabha]], with the [[president of India]] acting as their head.
-[[File:Sansad seat distribution.png|Current distribution|thumb|250px]]
+[[File:Sansad seat distribution.png|State-wise distribution of seats in each house of Parliament|thumb|250px]]
-[[File:Seats_Map_Delimitation_in_India_Estimate.jpg|thumb|250px|Seats after Delimitation-Estimate]]
 ===President of India===
-{{Main|President of India}}
+The president of India, the [[head of state]], is a component of Parliament. Under [[s: Constitution of India/Part V|Article 60]] and [[s: Constitution of India/Part V|Article 111]] of the constitution, the president's responsibility is to ensure that laws passed by the Parliament are in accordance with the constitutional mandate and that the stipulated procedure is followed before indicating approval to the bills. The president of India is elected by the [[Member of Parliament (India)|elected members of the Parliament of India]] and the [[Vidhan Sabha|state legislatures]] and serves for a term of five years.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice, [[Government of India]]|title=Constitution of India|date=1 December 2007|page=26|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|access-date=27 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909230437/http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|archive-date=9 September 2014}}</ref>
-The president of India, the [[head of state]], is a component of Parliament. Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 60]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 111]] of the constitution, the president's responsibility is to ensure that laws passed by the Parliament are in accordance with the constitutional mandate and that the stipulated procedure is followed before according his or her approval to the bills. The president of India is elected by the [[Member of Parliament (India)|elected members of the Parliament of India]] and the [[Vidhan Sabha|state legislatures]] and serves for a term of five years.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice, [[Government of India]]|title=Constitution of India|date=1 December 2007|page=26|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|access-date=27 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909230437/http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|archive-date=9 September 2014}}</ref>
 ===Lok Sabha===
-{{Main|Lok Sabha}}
+The [[Lok Sabha]] (House of the People) or the [[lower house]] has 543 [[member of parliament, Lok Sabha|member]]s. Members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of [[universal suffrage|universal adult franchise]] representing [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|parliamentary constituencies]] across the country. Between 1952 and 2020, [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|two additional members]] of the [[Anglo-Indian]] community were also nominated by the president of India on the advice of the [[Indian government]], which was abolished in January 2020 by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|website=www.live law.in|date=23 January 2020|access-date=25 January 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112184618/https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|url-status=live}}</ref> thus, the total seats of lok sabha is 550 now.
-The [[Lok Sabha]] (House of the People) or the [[lower house]] has 543 [[member of parliament, Lok Sabha|member]]s. Members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of [[universal suffrage|universal adult franchise]] representing [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|parliamentary constituencies]] across the country. Between 1952 and 2020,[[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha| two additional members]] of the [[Anglo-Indian]] community were also nominated by the president of India on the advice of the [[Indian government]], which was abolished in January 2020 by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/constitution-104th-amendment-act-to-come-into-force-151919|title=Anglo Indian Representation To Lok Sabha, State Assemblies Done Away; SC-ST Reservation Extended For 10 Years: Constitution (104th Amendment) Act To Come Into Force On 25th Jan|website=www.livelaw.in|date=23 January 2020|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for members of the Lok Sabha. The constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each state and the population of the state is, so far as practicable, the same for all states.<ref name="Lok Sabha">{{cite web|title=Lok Sabha|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.html|publisher=parliamentofindia.nic.in|access-date=19 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601044824/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.html|archive-date=1 June 2015}}</ref>
+Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for members of the Lok Sabha. The constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not be criminally convicted. The total elective membership is distributed among the states in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each state and the population of the state is, so far as practicable, the same for all states.<ref name="Lok Sabha">{{cite web|title=Lok Sabha|url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.html|publisher=parliamentofindia.nic.in|access-date=19 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601044824/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.html|archive-date=1 June 2015}}</ref>
 ===Rajya Sabha===
-{{Main|Rajya Sabha}}
+The [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of States) or the [[upper house]] is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One-third of the members retire every second year and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliament&nbsp;– Government: National Portal of India|url=http://india.gov.in/govt/parliament.php|publisher=Home: National Portal of India|access-date=10 May 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430004529/http://india.gov.in/govt/parliament.php|archive-date=30 April 2011}}</ref> Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from [[states and union territories of India|states, and union territories]] and 12 are [[list of nominated members of Rajya Sabha|nominated]] by the president. The number of members from a state depends on its population. The minimum age for a person to become a [[member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|member of the Rajya Sabha]] is 30 years.
-The [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of States) or the [[upper house]] is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliament&nbsp;– Government: National Portal of India|url=http://india.gov.in/govt/parliament.php|publisher=Home: National Portal of India|access-date=10 May 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430004529/http://india.gov.in/govt/parliament.php|archive-date=30 April 2011}}</ref> Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the states. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of 245 members, of which 233 are elected from [[states and union territories of India|states and union territories]] and 12 are [[list of nominated members of Rajya Sabha|nominated]] by the president. The number of members from a state depends on its population. The minimum age for a person to become a [[member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|member of the Rajya Sabha]] is 30 years.
 ==Session of Parliament==
-The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The constitution empowers the president to summon each house at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India, the Parliament conducts three sessions each year:<ref name="Our Parliament">{{cite web|title=Our Parliament|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Folder01.pdf|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|access-date=6 September 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ATtR2Sjq?url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Folder01.pdf|archive-date=6 September 2012|location=New Delhi|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The constitution empowers the president to summon each house at such intervals that there should not be more than a six-month gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India, the Parliament conducts three sessions each year: member committee to investigation into the charges<ref name="Our Parliament">{{cite web|title=Our Parliament|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Folder01.pdf|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|access-date=6 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226234231/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/our%20parliament/Folder01.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2012|location=New Delhi|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 * ''Budget session'': January/February to May
 * ''Monsoon session'': July to August/September
@@ Line 138: / Line 139: @@
 On 13 December 2001, Indian Parliament was attacked by an [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorist]] group. The perpetrators were [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] (Let) and [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] (JeM) terrorists. The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists, six [[Delhi Police]] personnel, two [[Parliament Security Services]] personnel, and a gardener, which totalled 14 fatalities. The incident led to increased tensions between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], resulting in the [[2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff|India–Pakistan standoff]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Terrorists attack Parliament; five intruders, six cops killed|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.html|access-date=13 December 2013|newspaper=rediff.com|date=13 December 2001|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006075521/http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.html|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref>
-==Joint Sessions and debates==
+==Unparliamentary words and expressions==
-On 16 November 2016, during the winter session of Indian Parliament, the sittings in both Upper and Lower Houses of Parliament observed strong [[Official Opposition (India)|opposition]] and uproar by [[List of political parties in India|political parties]] on [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation|demonetisation (note ban)]] initiative by the [[First Modi ministry|Narendra Modi Government]].
+In 2022, the Lok Sabha secretariat released a booklet listing out unparliamentary words and expressions before the start of the Monsoon session on 18 July 2022. The banned words if  used during debates or otherwise in both the houses would be expunged from the records of the parliament. The banned words included, 'anarchist', 'Shakuni', 'dictatorial', 'taanashah', 'taanashahi', 'Jaichand', 'vinash purush', 'Khalistani'. The booklet also banned some expressions as unparliamentary expressions, such as 'khoon se kheti', 'dohra charitra', 'nikamma', 'nautanki', 'dhindora peetna' and 'behri sarkar'.<ref name="telegraphindia 2022" />
+Some of the English words that were banned included, 'bloodshed', 'bloody', 'betrayed', 'ashamed', 'abused', 'cheated, 'chamcha', '[[wiktionary:chamchagiri|chamchagiri]]', 'chelas', 'childishness', 'corrupt', 'coward', 'criminal' and 'crocodile tears', 'disgrace', 'donkey', 'drama', 'eyewash', 'fudge', 'hooliganism', 'hypocrisy', 'incompetent', 'mislead', 'lie' and 'untrue'.<ref name="telegraphindia 2022" />
+Some of the unparliamentary Hindi words listed in the booklet included 'anarchist', 'gaddar', 'girgit', 'goons', 'ghadiyali ansu', 'apmaan', 'asatya', 'ahankaar', 'corrupt', 'kala din', 'kala bazaari', 'khareed farokht', 'danga', 'dalal', 'daadagiri', 'dohra charitra', 'bechara', 'bobcut', 'lollypop', 'vishwasghat', 'samvedanheen', 'foolish', 'pitthu', 'behri sarkar' and 'sexual harassment'.<ref name="telegraphindia 2022">{{cite news |title='Jumlajeevi', 'baal buddhi', 'Covid spreader' among words now banned in Parliament |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/jumlajeevi-baal-buddhi-covid-spreader-among-words-now-banned-in-parliament/cid/1874618 |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=telegraphindia.com |date=14 July 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714064434/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/jumlajeevi-baal-buddhi-covid-spreader-among-words-now-banned-in-parliament/cid/1874618 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=From 'Corrupt' To 'Jumlajeevi', Words Banned In Parliament. Cue Backlash |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/from-corrupt-to-jumlajeevi-words-banned-in-parliament-cue-backlash-3156102 |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=14 July 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714044827/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/from-corrupt-to-jumlajeevi-words-banned-in-parliament-cue-backlash-3156102 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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