Vande Bharat Express

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This article is about Vande Bharat Express services offered by Indian Railways. For the EMU trainset, see Vande Bharat (trainset).

Vande Bharat Express
Vande Bharat Express around Mumbai.jpg
Mumbai CSMT - Solapur Vande Bharat Express at Thane outer
Overview
Service typeInter-city semi-high-speed rail
StatusActive
PredecessorShatabdi Express, MEMU
First service15 February 2019; 4 years ago (2019-02-15)
Websiteindianrail.gov.in
Route
Line(s) used25(operational)
On-board services
Class(es)CC Chair (Economy Class)
Executive Chair (Premium Class)
Seating arrangements
  • Airline style
  • Rotatable seats
Catering facilitiesOn-board catering
Observation facilitiesLarge windows in all carriages
Entertainment facilities
Baggage facilitiesOverhead racks
Other facilities
Technical
Rolling stockVande Bharat (trainset)[1]
Track gaugeIndian gauge
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
Operating speed160 km/h (99 mph) in a part of Rani Kamalapati (in Bhopal) - Hazrat Nizamuddin (in Delhi) Route,
110-130 km/h (68-81 mph) in other routes
Average length384 m (1,260 ft) (16 coaches)
192 m (630 ft) (8 coaches)
Rake maintenanceIntegral Coach Factory, Chennai

The Vande Bharat Express[2] is a short-distance train service operated by Indian Railways. Similar to Shatabdi Express, these are day train services that connect major Indian cities which are in a distance of less than a day's time. The trainsets can support semi-high speeds but due to the railway track speed capacity, multiple stoppages and traffic constraints, the operating speed of the services are limited to 160 km/h (99 mph) on a section of the Delhi-Bhopal service and 110–130 km/h (68-81 mph) on other services.[3][4]It is conceivable that once this infrastructure is put in place, the maximum speed capability of Train 18 type rolling stock can be increased to 200 kmph with minor inputs from IR engineers themselves.[5]

The train, then known as Train 18, was designed by the RDSO and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory (ICF).[6] The specifications were also standardized by the RDSO.[7] It was made for low-cost maintenance and operational optimization. The cost of a 16-coach Vande Bharat train is about ₹115 crore (US$16 million).[8]

On 27 January 2019, the services using Train 18 sets were named Vande Bharat Express with the first service commencing on 15 February 2019.[9]

History[edit]

Background[edit]

The first electric multiple unit (EMU) service in India was introduced in the Mumbai suburban railway on 3 February 1925.[10] Indigenously built EMUs started entering service in the 1960s after Integral Coach Factory of Chennai, a government-owned manufacturer of rail coaches started developing EMUs indigenously.[11][12]

India operated EMU services within urban areas as Suburban rail services. For regular long-distance travel, India relied on its locomotives to do the job. The inefficiency of these locomotive-hauled trains was soon felt while the developed world already had well-built EMU high-speed technology by the 1990s. EMUs for longer distances were conceived on the long-distance main lines, giving birth to Mainline Electric Multiple Units (MEMU) services.[11] A decade later, India had several MEMU services operating across the country's electrified routes as a short-distance inter-city service. India still had to rely on its locomotives for long-distance travel.[13]

Efforts to increase speeds[edit]

For most of Indian Railways' history, speed and punctuality were not of primary concern as safety was of utmost importance. While India saw 325 accidents in 2003-04, this number was down to 106 in 2015-16.[14] The replacement of old ICF coaches by the modern and safer LHB coaches also helped the cause significantly.[15] After tackling the safety concerns to an extent, speed and comfort were finally on the Indian Railways agenda. Proposals were made to introduce semi-high-speed (160–200 km/h) services between major cities.[16] In 2016, Gatimaan Express was inaugurated as the country's first semi-high-speed service. The train ran on the newly upgraded Grade A line between Tughlakabad and Agra Cantonment that supported speeds up to 160 km/h.[17]

Talgo train at New Delhi railway station for its 3rd leg of the trial.

In June 2016, Indian Railways sought Requests For Qualification (RFQ) to jointly manufacture 5000 modern EMU sets and were met with a good response from countries like Canada, China, France, Germany, and Switzerland. Native companies like Medha and BHEL also made the cut.[18] Spanish Talgo trains went as far as conducting a trial run on the Mumbai - Delhi route. The train completed the journey in ten hours (almost six hours quicker than Rajdhani Express) with an average speed of 117.5 km/h.[19] However, the ministry said that Indian Railways could not come with a direct agreement and wanted them to go through a tendering process. Since there was no other bidder, the procurement of these trains was deemed impossible. The Make in India campaign also fueled the cause for developing the next generation EMU semi-high-speed trainsets indigenously.[20]

Inauguration and First service[edit]

After foreign proposals for introducing semi-high-speed capable EMUs were unsuccessful, Indian Railways at ICF headed by general manager Sudhanshu Mani, started developing a new EMU trainset at half the imported cost. Since these trains were planned to be ready by 2018, they were named 'Train-2018' and later 'Train 18'. They were designed to be fully air-conditioned and equipped with automatic plug doors, on-board Wi-Fi, and infotainment out of many other modern facilities. With these modern facilities along with modern technical features, the train was one of its kind in the country and marked a leap into the future.[21] The Train 18 with sixteen chair cars and a 160 km/h speed, the technology was set to replace Shatabdi services.[22][23]

During its trial runs, Train 18 became the fastest EMU train India after attaining a speed of 180 km/h, 4 km/h shy of India's overall best record of 184 km/h achieved by WAP-5 Class locomotive back in 1997.[24][25] Train 18 was renamed as 'Vande Bharat' as an acknowledgement for the fact that it was completely built in India by the Indian engineers and the services were thus named 'Vande Bharat Express'.[26]

Inauguration of the first Vande Bharat Express between Delhi and Varanasi at the New Delhi railway station

On 15 February 2019, the first Vande Bharat Express between New Delhi and Varanasi was flagged off at the New Delhi railway station by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[27][28] The train ran from New Delhi to Varanasi via Kanpur and Prayagraj, connecting Uttar Pradesh's Varanasi to the capital city and reduced the existing travel time along the route by 15%.[29] The 8-hour journey from New Delhi to Varanasi station covered a total distance of 762 km (473 mi) between the two cities. However, while returning from Varanasi, the train broke down due to a cattle run over. According to reports, four cars of the train experienced an electrical outage and the brakes were reported to be jammed as the train was halted for over an hour at Tundla Junction railway station before resumption.[30] Later in the year, the second Vande Bharat service was launched between New Delhi and Katra, it is one of the only two first version trainsets of Vande Bharat Express.[31]

Replacement of Shatabdis[edit]

Since the Vande Bharat Express was built to provide a short-distance, fast and modern service between major cities, similar to the Shatabdi Express which was introduced back in 1988 for similar purposes, several train sets were supposed to be built to replace the existing Shatabdis on all routes. But after the inauguration of first two services, the Indian Railways had stopped the production of new sets owing to internal issues.[32] After the intervention of the Railway Minister, they decided to resume tenders for the production of new sets. However, they wished to provide more time for the manufacturers for them to come up with the cheapest bid and the fact that the train would require a major upgrade from scratch, as per one of the officials.[33] These second generation trainsets were developed in 2022 and they entered service on 30 September 2022. It is planned that all Shatabdi Express trains will be phased out and replaced with Vande Bharat trains.[34]

Facilities[edit]

Vande Bharat's Chair Car (CC) seating
Vande Bharat's Executive Chair Car (EC) seating
File:Vande Bharat Express toilet.jpg
Western style toilet in the train
Food catering service on Howrah-Jalpaiguri route

The Vande Bharat Express, operated by Indian Railways, boasts a myriad of impressive features that enhance the travel experience for its passengers.

Boarding the Vande Bharat Express, passengers have the option of either Chair Car or Executive Chair Car, with seating arrangements that incorporate airline-style, rotatable seats for comfort and convenience. The train also offers onboard catering, providing nourishment throughout the journey. Large windows in all carriages allow passengers to enjoy the scenic beauty of India as they travel.

The Vande Bharat Express also ensures its passengers remain entertained and connected. It offers onboard Wi-Fi and an infotainment system, along with electric outlets and reading lights for those who prefer to read or work. The train's design also takes into consideration passengers' safety and hygiene, with features such as automatic doors, smoke alarms, CCTV cameras, an odor control system, bio-vacuum toilets, and sensor-based water taps. Roller blinds offer privacy and control over natural light, and overhead racks provide ample storage for baggage.[35]

Ridership[edit]

Northern Railway stated that the New Delhi-Varanasi Vande Bharat Express, which was launched in 2019, had a cumulative earning of ₹92 crore (US$13 million) with 100% occupancy after one year of service.[36] According to Southern Railway authorities, more than 200% booking rate on the Thiruvananthapuram - Kasaragod Vande Bharat Express points to the wide acceptance of the train in Kerala. The trip from Kasaragod to Thiruvananthapuram earned ₹ 1.17 crore.[37]

According to data shared by the Indian Railways, between 1 April 2022 and 8 February 2023, the Vande Bharat Express had an average occupancy of 99%. The Vande Bharat Express from Nagpur to Bilaspur had the lowest occupancy rate of 52.86%.[38] In comparison, from 2019-2020, Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duronto express trains had an occupancy of 97.01% with Flexi Fare schemes.[39] CAG found faults in Railway's Flexi-fare scheme, hence it was scrapped in many premium trains.[40]

In May 2023, 16-coach rake of Bilaspur - Nagpur Vande Bharat Express was swapped with 8-coach rake of Secunderabad - Tirupati Vande Bharat Express because of low occupancy on the former route. Tejas Express rake was temporarily used on the former route.[41][42][43]

Speed restrictions[edit]

Vande Bharat Express with Indian Railways and Cheetah logo which is used to signify the high-speed capability reaching up to 160 km/h (99 mph)

The maximum permissible speed of the train is 160 km/h (99 mph)[44] and the Vande Bharat Express held a trial run with the train clocking a speed of 183 km/h (114 mph)[45] but most of the Indian railway tracks are not capable of supporting a speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) and for this reason, most of the Vande Bharat Express trains have a maximum permissible speed which is lower than 160 km/h. According to maximum permissible speed, the Gatimaan Express and Hazrat Nizamuddin - Rani Kamalapati Vande Bharat Express are the fastest trains in India as their maximum permissible speed during the Tughlakabad–Agra segment only is 160 km/h (99 mph).[46][47] A full list of trains with their maximum operational speed can be found in the table below.

Services[edit]

The following table provides the list of trains in service as of July 2023:[48]

Sr. No. Train Name Train Number Originating Station Terminal Station Operator No. of Cars Frequency Distance Travel Time Speed Inauguration
Maximum permitted Average

(includes stops)

In Service
1 New Delhi - Varanasi Vande Bharat Express 22435/22436 New Delhi Varanasi Junction NR 16 Except Thursdays 759 km (472 mi) 08h 00m 130 km/h (81 mph)[49] 95 km/h (59 mph)[50] 15 February 2019
2 New Delhi - Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Vande Bharat Express 22439/22440 New Delhi Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra NR 16 Except Tuesdays 655 km (407 mi) 08h 00m 130 km/h (81 mph)[49] 82 km/h (51 mph)[50] 3 October 2019
3 Mumbai Central - Gandhinagar Capital Vande Bharat Express 20901/20902 Mumbai Central Gandhinagar Capital WR 16 Except Wednesdays 522 km (324 mi) 06h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph)[49] 82 km/h (51 mph)[51] 30 September 2022
4 New Delhi - Amb Andaura Vande Bharat Express 22447/22448 New Delhi Amb Andaura NR 16 Except Fridays 412 km (256 mi) 05h 10m 130 km/h (81 mph)[49] 79 km/h (49 mph)[50] 13 October 2022
5 MGR Chennai Central - Mysuru Vande Bharat Express 20607/20608 Chennai Central Mysore Junction SR 16 Except Wednesdays 496 km (308 mi) 06h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph)[52] 79 km/h (49 mph)[50] 11 November 2022
6 Bilaspur - Nagpur Vande Bharat Express 20825/20826 Bilaspur Junction Nagpur Junction SECR 8 Except Saturdays 412 km (256 mi) 05h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 11 December 2022[53][54]
7 Howrah - New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat Express 22301/22302 Howrah Junction New Jalpaiguri Junction ER 16 Except Wednesdays 565 km (351 mi) 07h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 30 December 2022
8 Visakhapatnam - Secunderabad Vande Bharat Express 20833/20834 Visakhapatnam Junction Secunderabad Junction ECoR 16 Except Sundays 698 km (434 mi) 08h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 82 km/h (51 mph) 15 January 2023
9 Mumbai CSMT - Solapur Vande Bharat Express 22225/22226 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Solapur CR 16 Except Wednesdays (22225)

Except Thursdays (22226)

452 km (281 mi) 06h 30m 110 km/h (68 mph) 70 km/h (43 mph)[55] 10 February 2023
10 Mumbai CSMT - Sainagar Shirdi Vande Bharat Express 22223/22224 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Sainagar Shirdi CR 16 Except Tuesdays 339 km (211 mi) 05h 20m 110 km/h (68 mph) 64 km/h (40 mph) 10 February 2023
11 Rani Kamalapati (Habibganj) - Hazrat Nizamuddin Vande Bharat Express 20171/20172 Habibganj (Rani Kamalapati) Hazrat Nizamuddin WCR 16 Except Saturdays 702 km (436 mi) 07h 30m 160 km/h (99 mph)[56] 94 km/h (58 mph)[57] 1 April 2023[58]
12 Secunderabad - Tirupati Vande Bharat Express 20701/20702 Secunderabad Junction Tirupati SCR 16[59] Except Tuesdays 661 km (411 mi) 08h 15m 130 km/h (81 mph) 80 km/h (50 mph) 8 April 2023[60]
13 MGR Chennai Central - Coimbatore Vande Bharat Express 20643/20644 Chennai Central Coimbatore Junction SR 8 Except Wednesdays 495 km (308 mi) 05h 50m 130 km/h (81 mph) 85 km/h (53 mph) 8 April 2023[61]
14 Delhi Cantonment - Ajmer Vande Bharat Express 20977/20978 Delhi Cantonment Ajmer Junction NWR 16 Except Wednesdays 428 km (266 mi) 05h 15m 110 km/h (68 mph)[62][63] 82 km/h (51 mph) 12 April 2023[64]
15 Kasaragod - Thiruvananthapuram Vande Bharat Express 20633/20634 Kasaragod Thiruvananthapuram Central SR 16 Except Thursdays 587 km (365 mi) 08h 05m 110 km/h (68 mph) 73 km/h (45 mph) 25 April 2023[65]
16 Howrah - Puri Vande Bharat Express 22895/22896 Howrah Junction Puri SER 16 Except Thursdays 500 km (310 mi) 06h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 78 km/h (48 mph) 18 May 2023[66]
17 Anand Vihar Terminal - Dehradun Vande Bharat Express 22457/22458 Anand Vihar Terminal Dehradun Terminal NR 8 Except Wednesdays 304 km (189 mi) 04h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 64 km/h (40 mph) 25 May 2023[67]
18 New Jalpaiguri - Guwahati Vande Bharat Express 22227/22228 New Jalpaiguri Junction Guwahati NFR 8 Except Tuesdays 407 km (253 mi) 05h 30m 110 km/h (68 mph) 74 km/h (46 mph)[68] 29 May 2023[69]
19 Mumbai CSMT - Madgaon Vande Bharat Express 22229/22230 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Madgaon Junction CR 8 Except Fridays
(Non-Monsoon)[70] 		586 km (364 mi) 07h 45m
(Non-Monsoon) 		120 km/h (75 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph)[71]
(Non-Monsoon) 		27 June 2023[72]
Monday, Wednesday, Friday (22229)
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday (22230)
(Monsoon)[73] 		10h 05m
(Monsoon) 		57 km/h (35 mph)
(Monsoon)
20 Patna - Ranchi Vande Bharat Express 22349/22350 Patna Junction Ranchi Junction ECR 8 Except Tuesdays 379 km (235 mi) 06h 00m 130 km/h (81 mph) 63 km/h (39 mph) 27 June 2023[72]
21 KSR Bengaluru - Dharwad Vande Bharat Express 20661/20662 Bangalore City Dharwad SWR 8 Except Tuesdays 490 km (300 mi) 06h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 76 km/h (47 mph) 27 June 2023[72]
22 Rani Kamalapati (Habibganj) - Jabalpur Vande Bharat Express 20173/20174 Habibganj (Rani Kamalapati) Jabalpur Junction WCR 8 Except Tuesdays 337 km (209 mi) 04h 40m 110 km/h (68 mph) 73 km/h (45 mph) 27 June 2023[72]
23 Indore - Bhopal Vande Bharat Express 20911/20912 Indore Junction Bhopal Junction WR 8 Except Sundays 250 km (160 mi) 03h 05m 110 km/h (68 mph) 82 km/h (51 mph) 27 June 2023[72]
24 Jodhpur - Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) Vande Bharat Express[74][75] 12461/12462 Jodhpur Junction Sabarmati Junction NWR 8 Except Tuesdays 449 km (279 mi) 06h 10m 130 km/h (81 mph) 73 km/h (45 mph) 7 July 2023[76][77]
25 Gorakhpur - Lucknow Charbagh Vande Bharat Express[78][79] 22549/22550 Gorakhpur Junction Lucknow Charbagh NER 8 Except Saturdays 296 km (184 mi) 04h 15m 110 km/h (68 mph) 71 km/h (44 mph) 7 July 2023[80]
Future Services (Rake received)

Mini Vande Bharat services[edit]

8-car Mini Vande Bharat Express with beautiful greenery on the KSR Bengaluru - SSS Hubballi double electrified line

Senior railway officials said that allocation has been made for Vande Bharat 2.0 Expresses with reduced car configuration (for a lower demand) known as Mini Vande Bharat Express. It will cost about ₹65 crores per rake for an 8-car configuration, at a cost of ₹8.125 crores per car. The Indian Railways is looking at manufacturing 1,000 Mini Vande Bharat rakes, of 8-car configuration. During the financial year of 2023-24, an allocation of ₹10 lakh has been made for designing the concept and primary research.[81]

The primary objective of the Mini Vande Bharat Express is to serve shorter routes with a travel time of 4–5 hours, as opposed to the 6-7 hour journeys of the current trains. The railways are planning to operate these trains on smaller sections where passenger demand is lower.[82]

Proposed services[edit]

  1. Hyderabad - Bhubaneswar[83][84][85]
  2. Hyderabad - Pune[86]
  3. Nagpur - Pune[87]
  4. Nagpur - Hyderabad[87][88]
  5. Nagpur - Bhopal[87][89]
  6. Khajuraho - Bhopal[90][91]
  7. Ahmedabad - Bhopal[86]
  8. Ahmedabad - Okha[86]
  9. Ahmedabad - Jaipur[86]
  10. Jaipur - Agra - Kanpur[86]
  11. Jaipur - Chandigarh[92]
  12. Jaipur - Sriganganagar[93]
  13. Jaipur - Jodhpur[93][94]
  14. Jaipur - Jaisalmer[93]
  15. Jaipur - Indore[95]
  16. Indore - Gwalior[96][91]
  17. Indore - Surat (Udhna)[97][98]
  18. Vadodara - Hapa[99]
  19. Mumbai - Kolhapur[100]
  20. Mumbai - Udaipur[101][102]
  21. Mumbai - Belagavi[103]
  22. Bangalore - Coimbatore[86]
  23. Bangalore - Tirupati[104]
  24. Bangalore - Mangalore[105][106]
  25. Kochi - Mangalore[107]
  26. Kochi - Bangalore[107]
  27. Kochi - Coimbatore[108]
  28. Mangalore - Mysore[86]
  29. Mangalore - Gokarna - Margao[109]
  30. Chennai Central - Hyderabad[86]
  31. Chennai Egmore - Kanyakumari[86]
  32. Tirupati - Chennai - Pondicherry[110][111][112]
  33. Tirupati - Visakhapatnam[86]
  34. Visakhapatnam - Shalimar[86]
  35. Visakhapatnam - Bhubaneswar[113]
  36. Pune - Londa - Goa [114]
  37. Pune - Surat (via Kalyan)[115]
  38. Raipur - Bhubaneswar[116]
  39. Raipur - Ranchi
  40. Howrah - Bokaro Steel City[86][117]
  41. Howrah - Varanasi[86]
  42. Haridwar - Varanasi[118]
  43. Gorakhpur - Kanpur[119]
  44. Gorakhpur - Prayagraj[120]
  45. Jabalpur - Varanasi[121]
  46. Jabalpur - Raipur[121]
  47. Saharanpur - Prayagraj[122]
  48. Chitrakoot - Prayagraj - Lucknow[123]
  49. Delhi - Lucknow[124]
  50. Delhi - Kota[86]
  51. Delhi - Bikaner[86]
  52. Delhi - Kathgodam[125][126]
  53. Dehradun - Tanakpur[119]
  54. Dehradun - Kathgodam[127]
  55. Lucknow - Kathgodam[124]
  56. Lucknow - Dehradun[128]
  57. Lucknow - Patna[119]
  58. Lucknow - Varanasi[129]
  59. Ranchi - Varanasi[130]
  60. Ranchi - Deoghar[131]
  61. Ranchi - Bhubaneswar - Puri
  62. Patna - Deoghar[131]
  63. Jammu - Srinagar[132]

Vande Metro[edit]

"Vande Metro" is a proposed service that will operate on a short distance, intercity rail network that connect major cities within a distance of around 100 km. The design speed of Vande Metro will be 130 km/h and the train is likely to run at a very high frequency (4-5 times a day). Vande Metro will become a replacement for the existing MEMU services for regional rail connectivity between any two big cities, which are at a distance of 100 to 120 km.[133][134] As per sources Vande metro will connect routes such as Kanpur-Lucknow, Bhopal-Indore, Bhilai-Raipur-Naya Raipur, Varanasi-Prayagraj , Puri-Bhubaneswar-Cuttack etc.[135][136]

Proposed Vande Metro services[edit]

  1. Kanpur - Lucknow[135]
  2. Puri - Bhubaneswar - Cuttack[136]
  3. Varanasi - Prayagraj[137]
  4. Mumbai - Lonavala[138]
  5. Mumbai Suburban Railway[139]
  6. Delhi - Meerut[138]
  7. Kolkata - Haldia[138]
  8. Chennai - Tirupati[138]
  9. Hosur - Bangalore[citation needed]
  10. Arakkonam - Jolarpet[citation needed]
  11. Bongaon-Barasat-Sealdah

Vande Sadharan[edit]

Indian railways announced plan to make Non-AC Vandhe Sadharan with sleeper and general coaches for long distance travel.[140][141]

Gallery[edit]

  • Board showing next stop inside Vande Bharat Express.jpg

    Board displaying next stop and speed inside the train

  • Anand Vihar - Dehradun Vande Bharat Express.jpg

    Train number and coach number display on the digital board

  • CCTV Cameras inside Vande Bharat Express.jpg

    CCTV Cameras inside the coach

  • New Variant of Vande Bharat Express trains at Integral Coach Factory, Chennai, India.jpg

    New Variant of Vande Bharat Express

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Vande Bharat Express Trainset (V2.0) - Maintenance Manual, Specification name IRCAMTECH/GWL/2022-23/T-18/MM/2.0" (PDF). rdso.indianrailways.com. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  2. ↑ "Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal". NDTV. PTI. 27 January 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  3. ↑ "Bhopal Delhi Vande Bharat Express: TOP SPEED of 160 kmph! Is food free in Delhi to Bhopal semi high-speed train? Know time, route, ticket price". TimesNow. 3 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  4. ↑ "Jaipur-Delhi Vande Bharat to take 1.45 hours at 150 kmph, schedule, launch month revealed". DNA India. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  5. ↑ https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/columnists/will-speeds-of-indian-trains-ever-increase-.html
  6. ↑ "RDSO design light aluminum coaches of Train-18 which can cruise at 200 KMPH". The Times of India. 23 June 2022.
  7. ↑ "RDSO Specification name IRCAMTECH/GWL/2020-21/T-18/MM/1.0" (PDF). rdso.indianrailways.gov.in. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  8. ↑ "New, upgraded Vande Bharat trains to cost about Rs 115 crore: Officials". 28 May 2022.
  9. ↑ PTI (7 February 2019). "Train 18: PM Modi to flag off Vande Bharat Express on 15 February from New Delhi". Business Today. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  10. ↑ "Age is just a number, she can keep Mumbai's life on track even at 90". Indian Express. 9 February 2015.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Electrical Multiple Units" (PDF). Indian Rail Info. 15 October 1999.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ↑ "Historical Background of Railway Electrification". core.indianrailways.gov.in. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  13. ↑ "MEMU". www.irfca.org. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  14. ↑ "What Explains the High Number of Railway Accidents?". The Wire. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  15. ↑ "LHB coaches reduced number of casualties". Deccan Herald. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  16. ↑ "Rail Budget 2014: High-speed trains proposed to connect major cities". The Economic Times. 8 July 2014. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  17. ↑ "Delhi-Agra at 160 kmph: 10 points about Gatimaan, India's fastest train". Hindustan Times. 5 April 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  18. ↑ PTI (2 May 2017). "Indian Railways to invite bids for manufacturing modern coaches". The Statesman. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  19. ↑ Dhoot, Vikas (24 July 2015). "Train from Spain: Government considering Talgo proposal to run trial runs of faster trains between Mumbai, Delhi". Economic Times. New Delhi. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  20. ↑ Rakesh Ranjan (2 January 2018). "Talgo high-speed trains stop in their tracks after government waves red flag". India Today. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  21. ↑ "Indian Railways to roll out 'Make in India' 160 kmph self-propelled 'world-class' train sets at half the cost of import!". Financialexpress. 20 February 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  22. ↑ "Indian Railways enters new league! Swanky 160 kmph engine-less Make in India train is too good; 15 features". Financialexpress. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  23. ↑ "Indian Railways to Replace Shatabdi Express with 'Made in India' Semi-High Speed, Engine-Less Train 18 | India.com". www.india.com. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  24. ↑ "[IRFCA] Evolution of High-Speed Haulage on Indian Railways". www.irfca.org. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  25. ↑ "Train 18 becomes India's fastest train". The Economic Times. 26 December 2018. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
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  118. ↑ "Uttarakhand CM urges Centre to run additional train services". The Statesman.
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  127. ↑ "Railways preparing to run Vande Bharat metro between Dehradun & Kathgodam". 19 May 2023.
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  139. ↑ "Vande Metro for Mumbai Suburban: Railways Nod for Procurement of 238 Rakes". indiainfrahub.com. 21 May 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
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  141. ↑ "IRCTC Latest News: Indian Railways To Run Non-AC Vande Sadharan Trains Soon | Check Details".

External links[edit]

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