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Kingdom of Matsya Macchā | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1400 BCE–c. 350 BCE | |||||||
.png) Matsya Kingdom and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period. | |||||||
| Capital | Virāṭanagara | ||||||
| Common languages | Prakrits | ||||||
| Religion | Historical Vedic religion [1] Jainism Buddhism | ||||||
| Demonym | Mātsyeya | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
| Raja | |||||||
| Historical era | Iron Age | ||||||
• Established | c. 1400 BCE | ||||||
• Disestablished | c. 350 BCE | ||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||
Matsya (Pali: Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of central India whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The members of the Matsya tribe were called the Mātsyeyas and were organised into a kingdom called the Matsya kingdom.[1]
Etymology[edit | edit source]
Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. in Pāli and Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. in Sanskrit mean "fish".[2][3][4]
Location[edit | edit source]
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| Outline of South Asian history |
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The kingdom of the Mātsyeyas covered an extensive territory, with the Sarasvatī river and the forests skirting it as its western border, and its southern boundaries being the hills near the Chambal River. Most of the kingdom comprised parts of present-day North-eastern Rajasthan. The neighbours of the Matsya state were Kuru in the north, and Sūrasena in the east.[1][5]
The capital of Matsya was Virāṭanagara, which corresponds to the modern-day Bairāṭ in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.[1][5]
History[edit | edit source]
The Matsya tribe was first mentioned in the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist., where they appear as one of the opponents of Sudās during the Battle of the Ten Kings.[1]
According to the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist., the Mātsyeya king Dhvasan Dvaitavana performed an Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. sacrifice near the Sarasvatī river. A forest on the banks of the Sarasvatī and a lake were both named after the king Dvaitavana.[1]
Vedic texts such as the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. mention the Mātsyeyas along with the Śālva tribe, and the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. connects them with the Kuru-Pañcālas. Later Puranic texts such as the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. connects them with the Trigartas and the Caidyas, and the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. lists the countries of the Mātsyeyas, the Śūrasenakas, the Pañcālas, and of Kuru-kṣetra, as forming the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. (the holy enclave of the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. sages).[1]
The later history of Matsya is not known, although the Buddhist Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. included it among the sixteen Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.s ("great realms"), which were the most powerful states of India immediately before the birth of the Buddha.[5] The Matsya state in the Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. period archaeologically corresponds to the Northern Black Polished Ware archaeological culture which in the western part of the Gaṅgā-Yamunā Doab region succeeded the earlier Painted Grey Ware culture, and is associated with the Kuru, Pañcāla, Matsya, Surasena and Vatsa Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.s.[6]
Unlike other states of central India who abandoned the kingdom form for a Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. (aristocratic republic) mode of government during the late Iron Age, Matsya maintained a monarchical system.[5]
Matsya was eventually conquered by the empire of Magadha.[5]
Legacy[edit | edit source]
After the Indian independence in 1947, the princely states of Bharatpur, Dholpur, Alwar and Karauli were temporarily put together from 1947 to 1949 as the ″United States of Matsya″, and later in March 1949 after these princely states signed the Instrument of Accession they were merged with the present state of Rajasthan.[7]
The Matsya Festival is held in Alwar every year in the last week of November to celebrate culture and adventure.[8]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Vedic period
- Janapadas
- Mahajanapadas
- Cemetery H culture
- Painted Grey Ware culture
- Northern Black Polished Ware
- Kingdoms of Ancient India
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Raychaudhuri 1953, p. 66-68.
- ↑ Monier-Williams, Monier (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. Oxford, England, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press. p. 776.
- ↑ Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890). The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 735. ISBN 978-8-120-81568-1.
- ↑ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996). Entry “mátsya-”. In: Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] Volume II. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1996. pp. 297-298. (In German)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Raychaudhuri 1953, p. 137-138.
- ↑ Bhan, Suraj (1 December 2006). "North Indian Protohistory and Vedic Aryans". Ancient Asia. 1: 173. doi:10.5334/aa.06115. ISSN 2042-5937.
- ↑ NWR tourist places
- ↑ Times Travel Editor (November 2018). "All about Alwar Matsya Festival". Times of India. Alwar, Rajasthan, India.
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Sources[edit | edit source]
- Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1953). Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty. University of Calcutta.