Sambhal: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by WikiDwarfBOT
Last edited March 8, 2026
VisualWikitext
WikiDwarfBOT (talk | contribs)
Bots, trusted
8,493 edits
robot: add new article
 
Robctr (talk | contribs)
17 edits
No edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{other uses|Shambala (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Shambala (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{for-text|the district|[[Sambhal district]]|the Indian parliamentary constituency|[[Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency)]]|the state assembly constituency|[[Sambhal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]}}
{{for-text|the district|[[Sambhal district]]|the Indian parliamentary constituency|[[Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency)]]|the state assembly constituency|[[Sambhal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{original research|date=August 2019}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Sambhal
| official_name      = Sambhal
| native_name                    = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| nickname           =  
| native_name_lang                =
| settlement_type   = City
| other_name                      =
| image_skyline     = Sambhal Jama Masjid wash drawing.jpg
| nickname                       =  
| image_caption      = [[Shahi Jama Masjid]]
| settlement_type                 = City
| pushpin_map       = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| image_skyline                   = Sambhal_Jama_Masjid_wash_drawing.jpg
| pushpin_label_position = right
| image_alt                      = Shahi Jama Masjid Sambhal
| pushpin_map_alt   =  
| image_caption                  = Pencil and wash drawing of royal mosque at Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh by Thomas and [[William Daniell]], 24 March 1789.
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| pushpin_map                     = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| coordinates       = {{coord|28.58|N|78.55|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_label_position         = right
| subdivision_type   = Country
| pushpin_map_alt                 =  
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| coordinates                     = {{coord|28.58|N|78.55|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_type               = Country
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Moradabad Division|Moradabad]]
| subdivision_type2               = Division
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| subdivision_name1               = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| established_date   = 12th Century AD
| subdivision_name2               = [[Moradabad Division|Moradabad]]
| named_for          = [[Shiva|Sambhu]]
| subdivision_name3               = [[Sambhal district|Sambhal]]
| leader_title       = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| established_title               = <!-- Established -->
| leader_name       = [[Zia ur Rahman Barq]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])
| established_date               = 12th Century AD
| leader_title1     = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| founder                        = [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]
| leader_name1       = [[Iqbal Mehmood]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])
| named_for                      =
| leader_title2     = Chairman
| leader_title                   = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name2       = Asiya Musheer Chaudhary ([[All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]])
| leader_name                     = [[Shafiqur Rahman Barq]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])
| governing_body     =  
| leader_title1                   = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| unit_pref         = Metric
| leader_name1                   = [[Iqbal Mehmood]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])
| area_footnotes     =  
| leader_title2                   = Chairman
| area_rank         =  
| leader_name2                   = Arefa Shakeel ([[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]])
| area_total_km2     = 16
| governing_body                 =  
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh, India |url=https://www.latlong.net/place/sambhal-uttar-pradesh-india-22729.html |website=latlong.net |access-date=11 August 2018}}</ref>
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| elevation_m       = 203
| area_footnotes                 =  
| population_total   = 220,813
| area_rank                       =  
| population_as_of   = 2011
| area_total_km2                 = 16
| population_rank   =  
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref>{{cite web |title=Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh, India |url=https://www.latlong.net/place/sambhal-uttar-pradesh-india-22729.html |website=latlong.net |access-date=11 August 2018}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 11433
| elevation_m                     = 203
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=123480|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| population_total               = 220,813  
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_as_of               = 2011
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| population_rank                 =  
| population_demonym = Sambhali
| population_density_km2         = 11433
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| population_footnotes           = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=123480|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=20 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official
| population_demonym             = Sambhali
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics_type1             = [[Language]]
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| demographics1_title1           = Official
| postal_code       = 244302
| demographics1_info1             = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=20 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| demographics1_title2           = Additional&nbsp;official
| postal2_code      = 244303
| demographics1_info2             = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| area_code         = (+91)    (05923)
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| registration_plate = UP-38
| postal_code                     = 244302
| website           = {{URL|http://sambhal.nic.in}}
| area_code_type                 = Telephone code
| footnotes         =  
| area_code                       = (+91)    (05923)
| registration_plate             = UP-38
| website                         = {{URL|http://sambhal.nic.in}}
| footnotes                       =  
}}
}}
'''Sambhal''' (<small>pronounced [[Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu|sə̃bʰəl]]</small>) is a city located in the [[Sambhal district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. The city lies approximately 158 km (98&nbsp;mi)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd|first=rome2rio Pty|title=New Delhi to Sambhal - 5 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, and car|url=https://www.rome2rio.com/map/New-Delhi/Sambhal|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Rome2rio|language=en}}</ref> east of the national capital [[New Delhi]] and 355 km (220&nbsp;mi)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd|first=rome2rio Pty|title=Lucknow to Sambhal - 5 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, car, and plane|url=https://www.rome2rio.com/map/Lucknow/Sambhal|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Rome2rio|language=en}}</ref> north-west of the state capital [[Lucknow]]. It also falls within the [[Rohilkhand]] region in the [[Moradabad division]] of the state, being approximately 32 km (20&nbsp;miles) from the city of [[Moradabad]].<ref name=":0" />
==History==
[[File:Sambhal_Jama_Masjid_wash_drawing.jpg|thumb|[[Shahi Jama Masjid]] at Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh (1789). Pencil and wash drawing. British Library, London<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mosque, Sambhal (U.P.). 24 March 1789 |url=https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/zoomify65852.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305214645/https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/zoomify65852.html |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2024-12-07 }}</ref>]]
Sambhal is identified as [[Shambhala]], a village which is mentioned as the birthplace of [[Kalki]], the [[Dashavatara|tenth and last incarnation]] of [[Vishnu]], in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and the Hindu [[Purana|Puranas]] such as the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', ''[[Bhavishya Purana]]'' and later ''[[Kalki Purana]]'' (the city is also home to a "Shri Kalki Vishnu [[Mandir]]").<ref name="MW">''Śambhala'', also ''Sambhala'', is the name of a town between the Rathaprā and Ganges rivers, identified by some with Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh. In the [[Purana|Puranas]], it is named as the place where [[Kalki]], the last incarnation of Vishnu, is to appear (Monier-Williams, ''Sanskrit-English Dictionary'', 1899).</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Places of Interest |url=https://sambhal.nic.in/places-of-interest/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=District Sambhal, Government of Uttar Pradesh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Markandeya-Samasya Parva: Section CLXXXIX |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03189.htm |website=Sacred Texts |page=390}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Kalki Mandir and why Sambhal is significant |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sambhal-kalki-dham-mandir-temple-pm-modi-foundation-babur-ahilyabai-holkar-ayodhya-mathura-vishnu-avatar-2504093-2024-02-19 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> This was borrowed into the [[Buddhist mythology]] of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] where it is described as a [[Mythological place|mythological kingdom]] and a [[pure land]] beyond the [[Himalayas]] from where the future [[Maitreya]] will emerge.<ref>[https://snl.no/Shambhala Shambhala]. ''[[Store norske leksikon]]''.</ref> According to [[Ibn Battuta]], [[Toghon Temür]] the last [[Yuan dynasty]] emperor of China had sent an embassy to the [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], requesting permission to rebuild a Buddhist temple at Sambhal, which at the time attracted pilgrims from Tibet.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Shambhala / Shangri-la |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/shangri-la.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=[[Global Security]]}}</ref>


'''Sambhal''' {{IPA audio link|Sambhal pronunciation.ogg}} is a city located in the [[Sambhal district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in [[India]]. The city lies approximately 158 kilometres (98&nbsp;mi)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd|first=rome2rio Pty|title=New Delhi to Sambhal - 5 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, and car|url=https://www.rome2rio.com/map/New-Delhi/Sambhal|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Rome2rio|language=en}}</ref> east of [[New Delhi]] and 355 [[Kilometres per hour|kilometres]] (220&nbsp;mi)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd|first=rome2rio Pty|title=Lucknow to Sambhal - 5 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, car, and plane|url=https://www.rome2rio.com/map/Lucknow/Sambhal|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Rome2rio|language=en}}</ref> north-west of state capital [[Lucknow]].
Sambhal has been an urban center for hundreds of years and was a prominent town during the [[Medieval India|medieval period]]. Two legendary battles between [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] and [[Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud]] are claimed to have taken place here. At the time under local rulers, in the 13th and 14th-centuries it would go on to become a part of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], first under [[Qutb ud-Din Aibak]] and later under [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=History Sambhal |url=https://sambhal.nic.in/history/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=District Sambhal, Government of Uttar Pradesh |language=en-US}}</ref>


==History==
[[File:Perspective_view_of_the_mosque_at_Sambhal,_Uttar_Pradesh_RIBA35777.jpg|thumb|Pencil & wash drawing of the [[Shahi Jama Masjid]] at Sambhal, by [[Thomas Daniell]] and [[William Daniell]], 24 March 1789.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Daniell |first1=Thomas |last2=Daniell |first2=William |orig-date=1789 |title=Perspective view of the mosque at Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.ribapix.com/Perspective-view-of-the-mosque-at-Sambhal-Uttar-Pradesh_RIBA35777 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624151837/https://www.ribapix.com/Perspective-view-of-the-mosque-at-Sambhal-Uttar-Pradesh_RIBA35777 |archive-date=2024-06-24 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=RIBApix |publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects |language=en |ref=RIBA35777}}</ref>]]
[[File:An awards ceremony in the Sultan Ibrāhīm’s court before being sent on an expedition to Sambhal.jpg|thumb|right|A folio from the [[Baburnama]]: An awards ceremony in Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodi's court before an expedition to Sambhal]]
Later it was a capital of the [[Lodi dynasty]] of the Delhi Sultanate under [[Sikandar Lodi]] for four years in the 15th-century. A folio from the [[Baburnama]], depicts an award ceremony in Sultan [[Ibrahim Lodi]]'s court before an expedition to Sambhal in the early 16th-century. After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate, the city fell to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] under [[Babur]], briefly serving as the capital of the new empire. Babur is also claimed to have built a mosque here which is still extant. The city would later be governed by his son [[Humayun]]. After the death of Babur, his domain was divided among his sons, consequently Sambhal was given to [[Askari Mirza]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raghavan |first=T. C. A. |title=Attendant lords: Bairam Khan and Abdur Rahim: courtiers & poets in Mughal India |date=2017 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=978-93-5264-301-1 |location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India}}</ref> Sambhal flourished under the rule of [[Akbar]], Humayun's son, but subsequently deteriorated in popularity when Akbar's grandson [[Shah Jahan]] was put in charge of the city, and the local ([[Sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]) capital was shifted to [[Moradabad]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/520415/Sambhal|title = Sambhal {{pipe}} India {{pipe}} Britannica}}</ref><ref>Ain-i-Akbari, Vol II, Tr.H.S. Jarrett, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, repr., 1989. p. 295.</ref>
Sambhal is identified with [[Shambhala]], which is mentioned as the birthplace of [[Kalki]], the next incarnation of [[Vishnu]], in the [[Purana]]s.<ref name=MW>''Śambhala'', also ''Sambhala'', is the name of a town between the Rathaprā and Ganges rivers, identified by some with Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh. In the [[Purana]]s, it is named as the place where [[Kalki]], the last incarnation of Vishnu, is to appear (Monier-Williams, ''Sanskrit-English Dictionary'', 1899).</ref> This was borrowed into the [[Buddhist mythology]] of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] where it is described as a [[mythological place|mythological kingdom]] and [[pure land]] beyond the [[Himalayas]] where the future [[Maitreya]] will emerge from.<ref>[https://snl.no/Shambhala Shambhala]. ''[[Store norske leksikon]]''.</ref>


Sambhal has been an urban center for hundreds of years. It was a prominent town during the medieval period. The painting shown here is a folio from the [[Baburnama]], and depicts an award ceremony in Sultan [[Ibrahim Lodi]]'s court before an expedition to Sambhal in the early 16th century.
===Sambhal district===
Sambhal is said to have flourished under the rule of Akbar but subsequently deteriorated in popularity when Akbar's grandson [[Shah Jahan]] was made in charge of the city, and the capital of the province was shifted to [[Moradabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/520415/Sambhal|title = Sambhal &#124; India &#124; Britannica}}</ref><ref>Ain-i-Akbari, Vol II, Tr.H.S. Jarrett, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, repr., 1989. p. 295.</ref>
{{Excerpt|Sambhal district|History}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As per provisional reports of the [[2011 Census of India]], the [[population]] of Sambhal city in 2011 was 221,334, of which 116,008 were male and 105,326 were female. Total literates in Sambhal city are 92,608 of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females. The average literacy rate in Sambhal city is 49.51 percent, of which male [[literacy]] was 52.27 percent and female 46.45 percent. The sex ratio of Sambhal city is 908 per 1,000 males and the child sex ratio of girls is 936 per 1,000 boys. Total children (0-6) in Sambhal city were 34,279 as per the records of Census India 2011. There were 17,702 boys and 16,577 girls. The children form 15.49% of the total population of Sambhal City.<ref name="2011 census data"/>
As per provisional reports of the [[2011 Census of India]], the [[population]] of Sambhal city in 2011 was 221,334, of which 116,008 were male and 105,326 were female. The amount of total literates in Sambhal consist of 92,608 people, of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females. The average literacy rate in Sambhal city is 49.51%, of which male [[literacy]] was 52.27 percent, while female literacy being 46.45%. The sex ratio of Sambhal city is 908 females per 1,000 males and the child sex ratio of girls is 936 per 1,000 boys. The amount of total children (0-6) in Sambhal city constitute 34,279 as per the records of Census India 2011. There were 17,702 boys and 16,577 girls. The children form 15.49% of the total population<ref name="2011 census data"/>{{bar box
|title=Religions in Sambhal (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|77.67}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|22.00}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.31}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}


==Religions in Sambhal==
Sambhal is a [[Muslims|Muslim]]-majority city in India with approximately 77.67% of the city's population following [[Islam]] as their religion. [[Hinduism]] is the second most common religion in the city of Sambhal with approximately 22.00% following it, followed by [[Christianity]] (0.12%), [[Sikhism]] (0.06%), [[Buddhism]] (0.03%), and [[Jainism]] (0.02%).
Sambhal is [[Muslims|Muslim]] majority city in India with approximately '''77.67 %''' of city population following [[Islam]] as their religion.   Hinduism is second most common religion in city of Sambhal with approximately 22.00% following it. In Sambhal city, Christianity is followed by 0.12%, Jainism by 0.02%, [[Buddhism]] by '''0.03 %''' and Sikhism by 0.06%.  
 
{{pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Sambhal town (2011)<ref name="Lang"/>
|label1 = [[Urdu]] |value1 = 70.75 |color1 = green
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 29.20 |color2 = orange
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.05 |color3 = grey
}}
 
As of the 2011 census, 70.75% of the population recorded their language as Urdu and 29.20% as Hindi.<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |archive-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603091405/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Economy==
==Economy==
Sambhal has the largest market of [[menthol]] in South Asia.
Sambhal has the largest market of [[menthol]] in South Asia. Most of menthol oil is exported to Western Europe and China.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mentha Oil Rate Today: मेंथा ऑयल में बिकवाली, रिकॉर्ड उत्पादन से कीमतों पर दबाव |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/hindi/business-news/mentha-oil-rate-today-on-8-june-2020-mcx-mentha-oil-price-today-sambhal-demand-export/1984558/ |access-date=19 August 2022|website=Financialexpress |language=hi}}</ref>
Most of menthol oil is exported to Western Europe and China.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mentha Oil Rate Today: मेंथा ऑयल में बिकवाली, रिकॉर्ड उत्पादन से कीमतों पर दबाव |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/hindi/business-news/mentha-oil-rate-today-on-8-june-2020-mcx-mentha-oil-price-today-sambhal-demand-export/1984558/ |access-date=19 August 2022|website=Financialexpress |language=hi}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
Sambhal has many schools and Inter colleges for primary and secondary level education affiliated with CBCS, ICSE, UP Board and Madarsa Board.
Sambhal has many schools and Inter colleges for primary and secondary level education affiliated with CBSE, ICSE, the UP Board, and the Madarsa Board.


===Degree Colleges===
===Degree Colleges===
*[[Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Post Graduate College]]
*Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Post Graduate College
*[[Government Degree College Sambhal]]
*[[Government Degree College Sambhal]]


===UP Board===
===UP Board===
*[[Al-Qadeer Higher Secondary School, Sambhal]]
*[[Al-Qadeer Higher Secondary School, Sambhal]]
 
*[[Hind Inter College Sambhal]]
==Notable people==
*[[M.N.I. Higher secondary Hatim Sarai SAMBHAL]]
*[[Maharana Pratap]]
*[[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]]


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Shambhala]]
* [[Shambhala]]
* [[Sambhal (Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Sambhal (Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Tirtha Prabandha]], written by Shri Vadiraja Tirtha
* [[Sambhali Trust]]
* [[Abdul Khaliq Sambhali]], Indian Islamic scholar and writer
* [[Burhanuddin Sambhali]], Indian Islamic scholar, teacher and jurist
* [[Ishaq Sambhali]], Indian politician, freedom activist and journalist


== References ==
== References ==
Line 111: Line 129:
|list =
|list =
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Moradabad division topics}}
{{Moradabad division topics}}
}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Sambhal]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sambhal district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sambhal district]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sambhal]]
[[Category:Moradabad division]]
[[Category:Moradabad division]]

Latest revision as of 12:27, 8 March 2026

For other uses, see Shambala (disambiguation).

Template:For-text

Sambhal
City
Shahi Jama Masjid
Shahi Jama Masjid
Sambhal is located in Uttar Pradesh
Sambhal
Sambhal
Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Sambhal is located in India
Sambhal
Sambhal
Sambhal (India)
Coordinates: 28°35′N 78°33′E / 28.58°N 78.55°E / 28.58; 78.55
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DivisionMoradabad
DistrictSambhal
Named forSambhu
Government
 • MPZia ur Rahman Barq (SP)
 • MLAIqbal Mehmood (SP)
 • ChairmanAsiya Musheer Chaudhary (AIMIM)
Area
 • Total16 km2 (6 sq mi)
Elevation
[1]
203 m (666 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total220,813
 • Density11,433/km2 (29,610/sq mi)
DemonymSambhali
Language
 • OfficialHindi[3]
 • Additional officialUrdu[3]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
244302
Telephone code(+91) (05923)
Vehicle registrationUP-38
Websitesambhal.nic.in

Sambhal (pronounced sə̃bʰəl) is a city located in the Sambhal district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city lies approximately 158 km (98 mi)[4] east of the national capital New Delhi and 355 km (220 mi)[5] north-west of the state capital Lucknow. It also falls within the Rohilkhand region in the Moradabad division of the state, being approximately 32 km (20 miles) from the city of Moradabad.[6]

History[edit | edit source]

Shahi Jama Masjid at Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh (1789). Pencil and wash drawing. British Library, London[7]

Sambhal is identified as Shambhala, a village which is mentioned as the birthplace of Kalki, the tenth and last incarnation of Vishnu, in the Mahabharata and the Hindu Puranas such as the Skanda Purana, Bhavishya Purana and later Kalki Purana (the city is also home to a "Shri Kalki Vishnu Mandir").[8][9][10][11] This was borrowed into the Buddhist mythology of Tibetan Buddhism where it is described as a mythological kingdom and a pure land beyond the Himalayas from where the future Maitreya will emerge.[12] According to Ibn Battuta, Toghon Temür the last Yuan dynasty emperor of China had sent an embassy to the Sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq, requesting permission to rebuild a Buddhist temple at Sambhal, which at the time attracted pilgrims from Tibet.[13]

Sambhal has been an urban center for hundreds of years and was a prominent town during the medieval period. Two legendary battles between Prithviraj Chauhan and Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud are claimed to have taken place here. At the time under local rulers, in the 13th and 14th-centuries it would go on to become a part of the Delhi Sultanate, first under Qutb ud-Din Aibak and later under Firuz Shah Tughlaq.[14]

Pencil & wash drawing of the Shahi Jama Masjid at Sambhal, by Thomas Daniell and William Daniell, 24 March 1789.[15]

Later it was a capital of the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate under Sikandar Lodi for four years in the 15th-century. A folio from the Baburnama, depicts an award ceremony in Sultan Ibrahim Lodi's court before an expedition to Sambhal in the early 16th-century. After the collapse of the Delhi Sultanate, the city fell to the Mughals under Babur, briefly serving as the capital of the new empire. Babur is also claimed to have built a mosque here which is still extant. The city would later be governed by his son Humayun. After the death of Babur, his domain was divided among his sons, consequently Sambhal was given to Askari Mirza.[16] Sambhal flourished under the rule of Akbar, Humayun's son, but subsequently deteriorated in popularity when Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan was put in charge of the city, and the local (sarkar) capital was shifted to Moradabad.[6][17]

Sambhal district[edit | edit source]

Lua error in Module:TNT at line 159: Missing JsonConfig extension; Cannot load https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:I18n/Module:Excerpt.tab.

Demographics[edit | edit source]

As per provisional reports of the 2011 Census of India, the population of Sambhal city in 2011 was 221,334, of which 116,008 were male and 105,326 were female. The amount of total literates in Sambhal consist of 92,608 people, of which 51,382 are males while 41,226 are females. The average literacy rate in Sambhal city is 49.51%, of which male literacy was 52.27 percent, while female literacy being 46.45%. The sex ratio of Sambhal city is 908 females per 1,000 males and the child sex ratio of girls is 936 per 1,000 boys. The amount of total children (0-6) in Sambhal city constitute 34,279 as per the records of Census India 2011. There were 17,702 boys and 16,577 girls. The children form 15.49% of the total population[2]

Religions in Sambhal (2011)[18]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 77.67%
Hinduism
 
 22.00%
Other or not stated
 
 0.31%
Distribution of religions

Sambhal is a Muslim-majority city in India with approximately 77.67% of the city's population following Islam as their religion. Hinduism is the second most common religion in the city of Sambhal with approximately 22.00% following it, followed by Christianity (0.12%), Sikhism (0.06%), Buddhism (0.03%), and Jainism (0.02%).

Languages in Sambhal town (2011)[19]

  Urdu (70.75%)
  Hindi (29.20%)
  Others (0.05%)

As of the 2011 census, 70.75% of the population recorded their language as Urdu and 29.20% as Hindi.[19]

Economy[edit | edit source]

Sambhal has the largest market of menthol in South Asia. Most of menthol oil is exported to Western Europe and China.[20]

Education[edit | edit source]

Sambhal has many schools and Inter colleges for primary and secondary level education affiliated with CBSE, ICSE, the UP Board, and the Madarsa Board.

Degree Colleges[edit | edit source]

UP Board[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh, India". latlong.net. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Census of India Search details". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  4. ↑ Ltd, rome2rio Pty. "New Delhi to Sambhal - 5 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, and car". Rome2rio. Retrieved 31 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Ltd, rome2rio Pty. "Lucknow to Sambhal - 5 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, car, and plane". Rome2rio. Retrieved 31 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Sambhal | India | Britannica".
  7. ↑ "Mosque, Sambhal (U.P.). 24 March 1789". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  8. ↑ Śambhala, also Sambhala, is the name of a town between the Rathaprā and Ganges rivers, identified by some with Sambhal in Uttar Pradesh. In the Puranas, it is named as the place where Kalki, the last incarnation of Vishnu, is to appear (Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899).
  9. ↑ "Places of Interest". District Sambhal, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  10. ↑ "The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Markandeya-Samasya Parva: Section CLXXXIX". Sacred Texts. p. 390.
  11. ↑ "Kalki Mandir and why Sambhal is significant". India Today. 19 February 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
  12. ↑ Shambhala. Store norske leksikon.
  13. ↑ "Shambhala / Shangri-la". Global Security. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  14. ↑ "History Sambhal". District Sambhal, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  15. ↑ Daniell, Thomas; Daniell, William. "Perspective view of the mosque at Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh". RIBApix. Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  16. ↑ Raghavan, T. C. A. (2017). Attendant lords: Bairam Khan and Abdur Rahim: courtiers & poets in Mughal India. Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India: HarperCollins Publishers India. ISBN 978-93-5264-301-1.
  17. ↑ Ain-i-Akbari, Vol II, Tr.H.S. Jarrett, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, repr., 1989. p. 295.
  18. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  20. ↑ "Mentha Oil Rate Today: मेंथा ऑयल में बिकवाली, रिकॉर्ड उत्पादन से कीमतों पर दबाव". Financialexpress (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 19 August 2022.
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sambhal&oldid=468110"
Discover more