P. Chidambaram: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = P. Chidambaram
| name                = P. Chidambaram
| image              = Palaniappan Chidambaram - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011.jpg
| image              = File:P.Chidambaram in a press conference.jpg
| native_name         =  
| birth_name         = Palaniyappan. Chidambaram Initial Name '''(P. Chidambaram)'''
| nickname            =  
| nickname            =  
| party              = [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(1972–1996), (2004–present)}}
| party              = * [[Congress Jananayaka Peravai]] {{small|(2001–2004)}}
| office             = [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Deputy Leader of the Opposition Rajya Sabha]]
| parents             = Father : Palaniyappan Chettiyar<br>Mother : Lakshmi Aachi
| status            = Interim                    | predecessor        = [[Anand Sharma]]
| office1             = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| successor          = [[Pramod Tiwari]]
| constituency1       = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start        = 03 April 2022
| term_start1         = 30 June 2022
| term_end          = 31 January 2023
| term_end1           =  
| 2blankname        = [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Leader of the Opposition]]
| predecessor1       = [[A. Navaneethakrishnan]]
| 2namedata        = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| successor1         =  
| office1             = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start2         = 5 July 2016
| constituency1       = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
| term_end2           = 16 June 2022
| term_start1         = 10 June 2022
| constituency2       = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| term_end1           =  
| predecessor2       = [[Vijay J. Darda]]
| predecessor1         = [[A. Navaneethakrishnan]]
| successor2         = [[Imran Pratapgarhi]]
| successor1           =  
| office3            = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)| Union Minister of Home Affairs]]
| term_start2         = 5 July 2016
| term_end2           = 16 June 2022
| constituency2       = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| predecessor2         = [[Vijay J. Darda]]
| successor2           = [[Imran Pratapgarhi]]
 
| office3            = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]
| term_start3        = 31 July 2012
| term_end3          = 26 May 2014
| predecessor3        = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| successor3          = [[Arun Jaitley]]
| primeminister3      = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| primeminister3      = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| predecessor4       = [[Jaswant Singh]]
| term_start3        = 29 November 2008
| successor4         = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| term_end3          = 31 July 2012
| predecessor3       = [[Shivraj Patil]]
| successor3         = [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
| office4            = [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister of Finance]]
| term_start4        = 31 July 2012
| term_end4          = 26 May 2014
| primeminister4      = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| primeminister4      = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term_start4         = 22 May 2004
| predecessor4        = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| term_end4           = 30 November 2008
| successor4          = [[Arun Jaitley]]
| primeminister5      = [[I. K. Gujral]]
| term_start5         = 22 May 2004
| term_start5         = 1 May 1997
| term_end5           = 30 November 2008
| term_end5           = 19 March 1998
| primeminister5     = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| predecessor5       = [[I. K. Gujral]]
| predecessor5        = [[Jaswant Singh]]
| successor5         = [[Yashwant Sinha]]
| successor5          = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| primeminister6     = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| primeminister6     = [[I. K. Gujral]]
| term_start6         = 1 June 1996
| term_start6         = 1 May 1997
| term_end6           = 21 April 1997
| term_end6           = 19 March 1998
| predecessor6       = [[Jaswant Singh]]
| predecessor6       = [[I. K. Gujral]]
| successor6         = [[I. K. Gujral]]
| successor6         = [[Yashwant Sinha]]
| office7             = [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| primeminister7     = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| primeminister7     = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term_start7         = 1 June 1996
| term_start7         = 29 November 2008
| term_end7           = 21 April 1997
| term_end7           = 31 July 2012
| predecessor7       = [[Jaswant Singh]]
| predecessor7       = [[Shivraj Patil]]
| successor7         = [[I. K. Gujral]]
| successor7         = [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
| office8             = [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs| Union Minister of Corporate Affairs]]
| office8             = [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)|Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]
| primeminister8     = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| primeminister8      = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| term_start8         = 1 June 1996
| term_start8        = 30 November 2009
| term_end8           = 21 April 1997
| term_end8          = 31 July 2012
| predecessor8       = [[Jaswant Singh]]
| predecessor8        = [[Shivraj Patil]]
| successor8         = [[Inder Kumar Gujral]]
| successor8          = [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
| office9             = [[Minister of Law and Justice| Union Minister of Law and Justice]]
| primeminister9      = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| primeminister9      = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| term_start9        = 26 December 1985
| term_start9        = 1 June 1996
| term_end9          = 2 December 1989
| term_end9          = 29 June 1996
| predecessor9        = [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]]
| predecessor9        = [[Ram Jethmalani]]
| successor9          = [[Margaret Alva]]
| successor9          = [[Ramakant Khalap]]
| office10             = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| office10           = [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)| Union Minister of Commerce & Industry]]
| term_start10         = 31 December 1984
| primeminister10    = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| term_end10           = 26 April 1999
| term_start10       = 10 February 1995
| predecessor10       = R. Swaminathan
| term_end10         = 3 April 1996
| successor10         = [[E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan]]
| predecessor10       = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| constituency10      = [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]]
| successor10         = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| term_start11         = 17 May 2004
| office11            = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_end11           = 18 May 2014
| term_start11       = 17 May 2004
| predecessor11       = [[E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan]]
| term_end11         = 18 May 2014
| successor11         = [[P. R. Senthilnathan]]
| predecessor11       = [[E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan]]
| successor11         = [[P. R. Senthilnathan]]
| constituency11      = [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]]
| constituency11      = [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]]
 
| term_start12        = 31 December 1984
| term_end12          = 26 April 1999
| predecessor12      = R. Swaminathan
| successor12        = [[E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan]]
| constituency12      = [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1945|9|16|df=y}}
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1945|9|16|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Kandanur]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] <br/>(now in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| birth_place        = [[Kandanur]], [[Madras Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] <br/>(now in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| death_date          =  
| death_date          =  
| death_place        =  
| death_place        =  
| otherparty          = [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] {{small|(1996–2001)}}<br>[[Congress Jananayaka Peravai]] {{small|(2001–2004)}}
| otherparty          = {{bulleted list|[[Indian National Congress]] (1972–1996), (2004–present)|[[Tamil Maanila Congress]] (1996–2001)}}
| spouse              = Nalini Chidambaram
| spouse              = Nalini Chidambaram
| children            = [[Karti Chidambaram]] (son)
| children            = [[Karti Chidambaram]] (son)
| alma_mater          = [[University of Madras]] ([[B.S.|BSc]], [[LL.B.|LLB]])<br>[[Harvard Business School|Harvard University]] ([[MBA]])<br>[[Loyola School, Chennai|Loyola College]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| alma_mater          = [[University of Madras]] ([[B.S.|BSc]], [[LL.B.|LLB]])<br>[[Harvard Business School|Harvard University]] ([[MBA]])<br>Loyola College ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| profession          = [[Senior Advocate]]
| profession          = [[Senior Advocate]]
[[Politician]]
}}
}}
'''Palaniappan Chidambaram''' (born 16 September 1945),<ref name=bio/> better known as '''P. Chidambaram''', is an Indian politician and [[lawyer]] who currently serves as [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]].<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/piyush-goyal-chidambaram-suresh-prabhu-sharad-yadav-elected-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/52572237.cms Piyush Goyal, Chidambaram, Suresh Prabhu, Sharad Yadav elected to Rajya Sabha – The Economic Times]. Economictimes.indiatimes.com (3 June 2016). Retrieved on 2016-08-18.</ref> He served as the Chairman of the [[List of Indian parliamentary committees|Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs]] from 2017 to 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://164.100.47.5/newcommittee/reports/EnglishCommittees/Committee%2520on%2520Home%2520Affairs/205.pdf|title=Parliament of India Rajya Sabha - 205th Report Action taken by Government in 203rd report on Border Security|work=[[Parliament of India]]|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article-amp/pti-stories/chidambaram-to-head-parliamentary-panel-on-home-affairs-116091501344_1.html|title=Chidambaram to head Parliamentary panel on home affairs|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref>
'''Palaniyappan Chidambaram''' (born 16 September 1945),<ref name=bio/> better known as '''P. Chidambaram''', is an Indian [[politician]] and [[lawyer]] who currently serves as a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]].<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/piyush-goyal-chidambaram-suresh-prabhu-sharad-yadav-elected-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/52572237.cms Piyush Goyal, Chidambaram, Suresh Prabhu, Sharad Yadav elected to Rajya Sabha – The Economic Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812182013/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/piyush-goyal-chidambaram-suresh-prabhu-sharad-yadav-elected-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/52572237.cms |date=12 August 2017 }}. Economictimes.indiatimes.com (3 June 2016). Retrieved on 2016-08-18.</ref> He served as the Chairman of the [[Standing Committee on Home Affairs|Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs]] from 2017 to 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://164.100.47.5/newcommittee/reports/EnglishCommittees/Committee%2520on%2520Home%2520Affairs/205.pdf|title=Parliament of India Rajya Sabha - 205th Report Action taken by Government in 203rd report on Border Security|work=[[Parliament of India]]|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319225724/http://164.100.47.5/newcommittee/reports/EnglishCommittees/Committee%20on%20Home%20Affairs/205.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article-amp/pti-stories/chidambaram-to-head-parliamentary-panel-on-home-affairs-116091501344_1.html|title=Chidambaram to head Parliamentary panel on home affairs|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=2021-06-13|archive-date=5 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705121144/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/chidambaram-to-head-parliamentary-panel-on-home-affairs-116091501344_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He also served as Interim Deputy Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha from 2022 to 2023 under [[Mallikarjun Kharge]].


Chidambaram has served as the Union [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] four times. Most recently, he held the role for the entirety of the [[United Progressive Alliance]] government from 2004 to 2014, except for a three-year period as Minister of Home Affairs, during which he oversaw India's domestic security response to the [[26/11|26/11 terrorist attack]] in Mumbai. Chidambaram returned as Finance Minister in July 2012, succeeding [[Pranab Mukherjee]], who resigned to become the [[President of India]].
Chidambaram has served as the Union [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] four times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Ministers who shaped India's economy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance-ministers-who-shaped-indias-economy/p-chidambaram-1996-1998/slideshow/67521710.cms |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=The Economic Times |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307073542/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance-ministers-who-shaped-indias-economy/p-chidambaram-1996-1998/slideshow/67521710.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Most recently, he held the role for the entirety of the [[United Progressive Alliance]] government from 2004 to 2014, except for a three-year period as Minister of Home Affairs, during which he oversaw India's domestic security response to the [[26/11|26/11 terrorist attack]] in Mumbai. Chidambaram returned as Finance Minister in July 2012, succeeding [[Pranab Mukherjee]], who resigned to become the [[President of India]]. He was included in [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] list in 2013.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sharma |first=Ruchir |date=2013-04-18 |title=Palaniappan Chidambaram: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/palaniappan-chidambaram/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |magazine=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224063332/https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/palaniappan-chidambaram/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also the head of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Manifesto Committee for the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 Lok Sabha Elections]] and [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian General Elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Neelam |date=2019-04-06 |title=Meet the young women and men who drafted Congress manifesto for Lok Sabha elections |url=https://theprint.in/politics/didnt-want-to-be-armchair-critic-why-these-youngsters-helped-frame-congress-manifesto/217374/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105190822/https://theprint.in/politics/didnt-want-to-be-armchair-critic-why-these-youngsters-helped-frame-congress-manifesto/217374/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The overall theme of the Congress Manifesto is three powerful words- Work, Wealth, and Welfare |url=https://www.inc.in/congress-sandesh/report/the-overall-theme-of-the-congress-manifesto-is-three-powerful-words-work-wealth-and-welfare |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Indian National Congress |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705121143/https://www.inc.in/congress-sandesh/report/the-overall-theme-of-the-congress-manifesto-is-three-powerful-words-work-wealth-and-welfare |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Chidambaram was born to Kandanur L. Ct. L. Palaniappa [[Chettiar]] and Lakshmi Achi in [[Kanadukathan]] in the [[Sivaganga district]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. His maternal grandfather was Raja Sir [[Annamalai Chettiar]], a wealthy merchant and banker from [[Chettinad]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130130232003/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?658835 Chidambaram, Wife Own Assets Worth Over Rs 20 Crore]. news.outlookindia.com (23 April 2009). Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref>
Chidambaram was born to [[Kandanur]] L. Ct. L. Palaniyappan [[Chettiar|Chettiyar]] and Lakshmi Aachi at [[Kanadukathan]] in the [[Sivaganga district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. His maternal grandfather was Raja Sir [[Annamalai Chettiar]], a wealthy merchant and banker from [[Chettinad]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130130232003/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?658835 Chidambaram, Wife Own Assets Worth Over Rs 20 Crore]. news.outlookindia.com (23 April 2009). Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref>


Chidambaram did his schooling at the [[M. C. C. Higher Secondary School|Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School]], [[Chennai]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6709112.cms | title=Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=7 October 2010 | access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref>  he passed the one-year pre-University course from [[Loyola College, Chennai]]. After graduating with a BSc degree in statistics from the [[Presidency College, Chennai]], he completed his [[Bachelor of Laws]] from the Madras Law College (now [[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai|Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College]]) and his [[Masters in Business Administration|MBA]] from [[Harvard Business School]] in the class of 1968. He also holds a master's degree from [[Loyola College, Chennai]].<ref>[http://www.alumni.hbs.edu/bulletin/2005/december/newsmakers.html Meg Berté (MBA '00) – December 2005 – Alumni Bulletin – Harvard Business School]. Alumni.hbs.edu. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref>
Chidambaram did his schooling at the [[M. C. C. Higher Secondary School|Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School]], [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6709112.cms | title=Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=7 October 2010 | access-date=7 October 2018 | archive-date=21 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921150755/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/star-studded-175th-bday-for-mcc-school/articleshow/6709112.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>  He then passed the one-year Pre-university course from [[Loyola College, Chennai]]. After graduating with a BSc degree in Statistics from the [[Presidency College, Chennai]], he completed his [[Bachelor of Laws]] from the Madras Law College ([[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai|Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College]]) and his [[Masters in Business Administration|MBA]] from [[Harvard Business School]] in the class of 1968. He also holds a Master's degree from [[Loyola College, Chennai]].<ref>[http://www.alumni.hbs.edu/bulletin/2005/december/newsmakers.html Meg Berté (MBA '00) – December 2005 – Alumni Bulletin – Harvard Business School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621072633/http://www.alumni.hbs.edu/bulletin/2005/december/newsmakers.html |date=21 June 2010 }}. Alumni.hbs.edu. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref>


During this time his politics inclined to the left and in 1969 he joined [[N. Ram]], later an editor of ''[[The Hindu]]'', and the women's activist [[Mythili Sivaraman]] in starting a journal called the ''Radical Review''.<ref>{{cite news | first=Namita | last=Kohli | title=With fire in her belly | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 October 2013 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/with-fire-in-her-belly/article5221963.ece | access-date=11 March 2014}}</ref>
During this time, his politics inclined to the left and in 1969 he joined [[N. Ram]], later an editor of ''[[The Hindu]]'', and the women's activist [[Mythili Sivaraman]] in starting a journal called the ''Radical Review''.<ref>{{cite news | first=Namita | last=Kohli | title=With fire in her belly | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 October 2013 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/with-fire-in-her-belly/article5221963.ece | access-date=11 March 2014 | archive-date=11 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311140058/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/with-fire-in-her-belly/article5221963.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>


Chidambaram has two brothers and one sister.<ref name=bio>[http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/p-chidambaram.html P Chidambaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history]. Elections.in. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.</ref> His father's business interests covered textiles, trading and plantations in India. He chose to concentrate on his legal practice and stayed away from the family business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/karti-s-family-of-banking-pioneers/cid/1337168|title= P.Chidambaram |website=The Telegraph|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref>
Chidambaram has two brothers and one sister.<ref name=bio>[http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/p-chidambaram.html P Chidambaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216153757/http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/p-chidambaram.html |date=16 December 2016 }}. Elections.in. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.</ref> His father's business interests covered textiles, trading and plantations in India. He chose to concentrate on his legal practice and stayed away from the family business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/karti-s-family-of-banking-pioneers/cid/1337168|title=P.Chidambaram|website=The Telegraph|access-date=2019-11-01|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714123903/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/karti-s-family-of-banking-pioneers/cid/1337168|url-status=live}}</ref>


He enrolled as a lawyer in the [[Madras High Court]], becoming a senior advocate in 1984. He had offices in [[Delhi]] and Chennai and practiced in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] and various high courts of India.
Chidambaram enrolled as a lawyer in the [[Madras High Court]], becoming a senior advocate in 1984. He had offices in [[Delhi]] and [[Chennai]] and practiced in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] and various high courts of India.


==Political career==
==Political career==
[[File:Shri P. Chidambaram taking charge of the Union Finance Minister, in New Delhi on August 01, 2012.jpg|thumb|Chidambaram in his office after taking over the charge of the Union Minister of Finance in 2012|left]]
Chidambaram was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house) of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] from the [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]] constituency of [[Tamil Nadu]] in general elections held in 1984. He was a union leader for MRF and worked his way up in the Congress party. He was the Tamil Nadu [[Indian Youth Congress|Youth Congress]] president and then the general secretary of the [[Tamil Nadu Pradesh Congress Committee]] unit. He was inducted into the Union (Indian federal) Council of Ministers in the government headed by Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] on 21 September 1985 as a Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Commerce and then in the Ministry of Personnel. His main actions during his tenure in this period was to control the price of tea and he has been criticized by the [[Government of Sri Lanka]] for destroying the Sri Lankan tea trade by fixing the prices of the commodity in India using state power. He was elevated to the rank of Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions in January 1986. In October of the same year, he was appointed to the Ministry of Home Affairs as Minister of State for Internal Security. He continued to hold both offices until general elections were called in 1989. The [[Indian National Congress]] government was defeated in the general elections of 1989.
Chidambaram was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house) of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] from the [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]] constituency of [[Tamil Nadu]] in general elections held in 1984. He was a union leader for MRF and worked his way up in the Congress party. He was the Tamil Nadu [[Indian Youth Congress|Youth Congress]] president and then the general secretary of the [[Tamil Nadu Pradesh Congress Committee]] unit. He was inducted into the Union (Indian federal) Council of Ministers in the government headed by Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] on 21 September 1985 as a Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Commerce and then in the Ministry of Personnel. His main actions during his tenure in this period was to control the price of tea and he has been criticized by the [[Government of Sri Lanka]] for destroying the Sri Lankan tea trade by fixing the prices of the commodity in India using state power. He was elevated to the rank of Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions in January 1986. In October of the same year, he was appointed to the Ministry of Home Affairs as Minister of State for Internal Security. He continued to hold both offices until general elections were called in 1989. The [[Indian National Congress]] government was defeated in the general elections of 1989.


[[File:Shri P. Chidambaram taking charge of the Union Home Minister, in New Delhi on December 01, 2008.jpg|thumb|Chidambaram in his office after taking over the charge of the Union Minister of Home in 2008|left]]
In June 1991, Chidambaram was inducted as a Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce, by the then Prime Minister Mr P V Narasimha Rao; a post he held till July 1992. He was later re-appointed Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce in February 1995 and held the post until April 1996. He made some radical changes in India's export-import (EXIM) policy, while at the Ministry of Commerce.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-13 |title=Commitment, quick decisions in making of new trade policy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/express-economic-history-series-commitment-quick-decisions-in-making-of-new-trade-policy/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804143011/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/express-economic-history-series-commitment-quick-decisions-in-making-of-new-trade-policy/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by Minster on Trade Policy |url=https://the1991project.com/statement-by-minster-on-trade-policy |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=the1991project.com |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130103159/https://the1991project.com/statement-by-minster-on-trade-policy |url-status=live }}</ref>
In June 1991, Chidambaram was inducted as a Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce, by the then Prime Minister Mr P V Narasimha Rao; a post he held till July 1992. He was later re-appointed Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce in February 1995 and held the post until April 1996. He made some radical changes in India's export-import (EXIM) policy, while at the Ministry of Commerce.{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}}


In 1996, Chidambaram quit the Congress party and joined a breakaway faction of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state unit of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] called the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] (TMC). In the general elections held in 1996, TMC along with a few national and regional level opposition parties, formed a coalition government. The coalition government came as a big break for Chidambaram, who was given the key cabinet portfolio of Finance. His 1997 budget is still remembered as the dream budget<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-18-years-ago-a-tax-amnesty-scheme-that-worked-and-why/|title=In fact: 18 years ago, a tax amnesty scheme that worked – and why|date=2015-10-02|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-07-15}}</ref> for the Indian economy. The coalition government was a short-lived one (it fell in 1998), but he was reappointed to the same portfolio in the government formed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2004.
In 1996, Chidambaram quit the Congress party and joined a breakaway faction of the [[Tamil Nadu]] state unit of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] called the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] (TMC). In the general elections held in 1996, TMC along with a few national and regional level opposition parties, formed a coalition government.  


In 1998, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) took the reins of the government for the first time and it was not until May 2004 that Chidambaram would be back in government. Chidambaram became Minister of Finance again in the Congress party led [[United Progressive Alliance]] government on 24 May 2004. During the intervening period Chidambaram made some experiments in his political career, leaving the TMC in 2001 and forming his own party, the [[Congress Jananayaka Peravai]], largely focused on the regional politics of Tamil Nadu. The party failed to take off into mainstream Tamil Nadu or national politics. Just before the elections of 2004, he merged his party with the mainstream Congress party and when the Congress won the election, he was inducted into the Council of Ministers under the new Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as cabinet Minister of Finance.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/26/stories/2004112605371100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208234251/http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/26/stories/2004112605371100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=8 December 2004 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title=CJP merges with Congress | date=26 November 2004}}</ref>
===Ministry of Finance===
[[File:The Union Finance Minister, Shri P. Chidambaram meeting with the World Bank President, Mr. Robert B. Zoellick, in New Delhi on November 02, 2007.jpg|thumb|Chidambaram meeting with the 11th [[President of the World Bank Group]] [[Robert Zoellick]] in New Delhi on November 02, 2007|left]]
The coalition government came as a big break for Chidambaram, who was given the key cabinet portfolio of Finance. His 1997 budget is still remembered as the dream budget<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-18-years-ago-a-tax-amnesty-scheme-that-worked-and-why/|title=In fact: 18 years ago, a tax amnesty scheme that worked – and why|date=2015-10-02|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-07-15|archive-date=15 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235910/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-18-years-ago-a-tax-amnesty-scheme-that-worked-and-why/|url-status=live}}</ref> for the Indian economy. The coalition government was a short-lived one (it fell in 1998), but he was reappointed to the same portfolio in the government formed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2004.


In 1998, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) took the reins of the government for the first time and it was not until May 2004 that Chidambaram would be back in government. Chidambaram became Minister of Finance again in the Congress party led [[United Progressive Alliance]] government on 24 May 2004. During the intervening period Chidambaram made some experiments in his political career, leaving the TMC in 2001 and forming his own party, the [[Congress Jananayaka Peravai]], largely focused on the regional politics of Tamil Nadu. The party failed to take off into mainstream Tamil Nadu or national politics. After the elections of 2004, when the Congress won the election he was inducted into the Council of Ministers under the new Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as cabinet Minister of Finance and he merged his party with the mainstream Congress party.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/26/stories/2004112605371100.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208234251/http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/26/stories/2004112605371100.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=8 December 2004 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title=CJP merges with Congress | date=26 November 2004}}</ref>
===Ministry of Home Affairs===
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil receiving the ninth part of Report of the Committee of Parliament on Official Language from the Union Home Minister, Shri P. Chidambaram, in New Delhi on June 01, 2011.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Home Minister Chidambaram presenting ninth part of Report of the Committee of Parliament on Official Language to [[President of India]] [[Pratibha Patil]].]]
On 30 November 2008, he was appointed the Union [[Home Minister]] following the resignation of [[Shivraj Patil]] who had come under intense pressure to tender his resignation following a series of terror attacks in India, including the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|Mumbai attacks]] on 26 November 2008.
On 30 November 2008, he was appointed the Union [[Home Minister]] following the resignation of [[Shivraj Patil]] who had come under intense pressure to tender his resignation following a series of terror attacks in India, including the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|Mumbai attacks]] on 26 November 2008.


He has been credited with taking the bold decision of prioritising elections above corporate demands to deploy security for the [[2009 Indian Premier League]].<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2608/stories/20090424260808700.htm A victory for the terrorist?]. ''The Hindu''. Retrieved 1 November 2011.</ref>
He has been credited with taking the bold decision of prioritising elections above corporate demands to deploy security for the [[2009 Indian Premier League]].<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2608/stories/20090424260808700.htm A victory for the terrorist?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717195742/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2608/stories/20090424260808700.htm |date=17 July 2012 }}. ''The Hindu''. Retrieved 1 November 2011.</ref>


In 2009, Chidambaram was re-elected from the [[Sivaganga]] Lok Sabha constituency in the Congress and retained the Home ministry.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/17/stories/2009051754730400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520162605/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/17/stories/2009051754730400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 May 2009 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title=Chidambaram declared winner after 21 rounds of counting | date=17 May 2009}}</ref> He was one of the representatives of the central government when a tri-party agreement was signed with the Gorkha Hill Council and the [[Government of West Bengal]], an agreement which was a result of [[Mamata Banerjee]]'s effort to end a decade long unrest in the hills of [[Darjeeling]].<ref name="indiatimes1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120412074710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-19/india/29790139_1_bimal-gurung-gorkha-janmukti-morcha-darjeeling-hills "Historic pact paves way for peace in Darjeeling hills"]. ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 1 November 2011.</ref>
In 2009, Chidambaram was re-elected from the [[Sivaganga]] Lok Sabha constituency in the Congress and retained the Home ministry.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/17/stories/2009051754730400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520162605/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/17/stories/2009051754730400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=20 May 2009 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | title=Chidambaram declared winner after 21 rounds of counting | date=17 May 2009}}</ref> He was one of the representatives of the central government when a tri-party agreement was signed with the Gorkha Hill Council and the [[Government of West Bengal]], an agreement which was a result of [[Mamata Banerjee]]'s effort to end a decade long unrest in the hills of [[Darjeeling]].<ref name="indiatimes1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120412074710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-19/india/29790139_1_bimal-gurung-gorkha-janmukti-morcha-darjeeling-hills "Historic pact paves way for peace in Darjeeling hills"]. ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 1 November 2011.</ref>


The Indian National Congress appointed P. Chidambaram as one of thirteen senior spokespersons on 15 September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=13 spokespersons chosen by Congress|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/shashi-tharoor-among-13-spokespersons-chosen-by-congress_905733.html|website=Zeenews|publisher=Zee Media Bureau|access-date=18 September 2014|date=2014-01-21}}</ref>
The Indian National Congress appointed P. Chidambaram as one of thirteen senior spokespersons on 15 September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=13 spokespersons chosen by Congress|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/shashi-tharoor-among-13-spokespersons-chosen-by-congress_905733.html|website=Zeenews|publisher=Zee Media Bureau|access-date=18 September 2014|date=2014-01-21|archive-date=13 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013062541/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/shashi-tharoor-among-13-spokespersons-chosen-by-congress_905733.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
He ceded his seat to his son Karti in 2014, which resulted in electoral defeat for his son.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/congress-leaders-opting-out-lok-sabha-polls-chidambaram-natarajan-184820-2014-03-13 | title=Ahead of polls, Congress leaders want to retreat | work=[[India Today]] | author=Priyamvatha P | date=13 March 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Chidambaram-wants-his-son-to-log-in-at-Sivaganga/articleshow/31977163.cms | title=Chidambaram wants his son to log in at Sivaganga | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=14 March 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Jaya-tears-into-Chidambaram-in-his-home-turf/articleshow/32442313.cms | title=Jaya tears into Chidambaram in his home turf | work=[[The Times of India]] | author=V Mayilvaganan | date=22 March 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Election-results-2014-As-P-Chidambaram-power-fails-Karti-comes-fourth/articleshow/35229275.cms | title=Election results 2014: As P Chidambaram power fails Karti comes fourth | work=[[The Times of India]] | author=V Mayilvaganan | date=17 May 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> In 2016, he was elected as an MP of the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of Indian parliament from the state of [[Maharashtra]].
He ceded his seat to his son Karti in 2014, which resulted in electoral defeat for his son.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/congress-leaders-opting-out-lok-sabha-polls-chidambaram-natarajan-184820-2014-03-13 | title=Ahead of polls, Congress leaders want to retreat | work=[[India Today]] | author=Priyamvatha P | date=13 March 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018 | archive-date=8 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008180731/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/congress-leaders-opting-out-lok-sabha-polls-chidambaram-natarajan-184820-2014-03-13 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Chidambaram-wants-his-son-to-log-in-at-Sivaganga/articleshow/31977163.cms | title=Chidambaram wants his son to log in at Sivaganga | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=14 March 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018 | archive-date=5 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705121238/https://ssum-sec.casalemedia.com/usermatch?d=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F&s=184674&cb=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.indexww.com%2Fht%2Fhtw-pixel.gif%3F | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Jaya-tears-into-Chidambaram-in-his-home-turf/articleshow/32442313.cms | title=Jaya tears into Chidambaram in his home turf | work=[[The Times of India]] | author=V Mayilvaganan | date=22 March 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018 | archive-date=9 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009184132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Jaya-tears-into-Chidambaram-in-his-home-turf/articleshow/32442313.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Election-results-2014-As-P-Chidambaram-power-fails-Karti-comes-fourth/articleshow/35229275.cms | title=Election results 2014: As P Chidambaram power fails Karti comes fourth | work=[[The Times of India]] | author=V Mayilvaganan | date=17 May 2014 | access-date=8 October 2018 | archive-date=26 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326195956/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Election-results-2014-As-P-Chidambaram-power-fails-Karti-comes-fourth/articleshow/35229275.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, he was elected as an MP of the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of Indian parliament from the state of [[Maharashtra]].
[[File:The Home Minister of Nepal, Mr. Bhim Bahadur Rawal meeting the Union Home Minister, Shri P. Chidambaram, in New Delhi on January 18, 2010.jpg|300px|thumb|left| Chidambaram with the Home Minister of Nepal, Bhim Bahadur Rawal, in New Delhi on 18 January 2010]]


;Parliamentary Committee assignments  
;Parliamentary Committee assignments  
* 13 Sept. 2021 onwards: Member [[Committee on External Affairs]].<ref name="Committee on External Affairs">{{cite web |title=Committee on External Affairs : Loksabha |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=11&tab=2 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>
* 13 September 2021 onwards: Member [[Committee on External Affairs]].<ref name="Committee on External Affairs">{{cite web |title=Committee on External Affairs : Loksabha |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=11&tab=2 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120193324/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=11&tab=2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==Elections Contested==
=== Lok Sabha Elections Contested ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes %
! colspan="3" | Opponent
! Votes %
! Result
! Margin
|-
! [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|rowspan=8|[[Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency|Sivaganga]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
| 68.10
|{{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|[[Tha. Kiruttinan]]
| 51.60
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|16.50}}
|-
! [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| 65.86
|A. Ganesan
| 32.26
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|33.60}}
|-
! [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| 67.49
|V. Kasinathan
| 29.12
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|38.37}}
|-
! [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|{{Party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=3}}
| 64.79
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|M. Gowri Shankaran
| 26.53
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|38.26}}
|-
! [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 51.15
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[K. Kalimuthu]]
| 41.19
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|9.96}}
|-
! [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| 20.85
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan]]
| 40.23
|{{no2|Lost}}
|{{no2|19.38}}
|-
! [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
| 60.01
|{{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|S. P. Karuppiah
| 35.62
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|24.39}}
|-
! [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 43.17
|[[Raja Kannappan]]
| 42.74
|{{yes2|Won}}
|{{yes2|0.43}}
|}
 
===Rajya Sabha===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Position
! colspan="2" |Party
! <small>Constituency</small>
! From
! To
! Tenure
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br><small>(1st Term)</small>
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
| [[Maharashtra]]
| <small>5 July</small><br>2016
| <small>16 June</small><br>2022
| '''{{ayd|2016|7|5|2022|6|16}}'''
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]<br><small>(2nd Term)</small>
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| <small>30 June</small><br>2022
| <small>29 June</small><br>2028
| '''{{ayd|2022|6|30|2028|6|29}}'''
|}
 
== Positions held ==
[[File:The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, UAE, Lt. Gen. Sheikh Saif Bin Zayed Al Nahyan and the Union Home Minister.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Home Minister Chidambaram with [[Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan]].]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Positions Held
|-
! Position !! Duration
|-
| [[All India Congress Committee|Member, All India Congress Committee (A.I.C.C.)]] || 1972
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee|President, Youth Congress, Tamil Nadu]] || 1973-1976
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee|General-Secretary, Pradesh Congress Committee (P.C.C.), Tamil Nadu]] || 1976-1977
|-
| [[8th Lok Sabha|Member, Eighth Lok Sabha (first term)]] || 1984
|-
|[[All India Congress Committee|Joint Secretary, All India Congress Committee (Indira) [A.I.C.C. (I)]]] || 1985
|-
| [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Union Deputy Minister, Commerce]] || Sept. 1985
|-
| [[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Union Deputy Minister, Personnel, Administrative Reforms, Training, Public Grievances and Pensions]] || 1985-1986
|-
| [[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Union Minister of State, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]] || 1986-1989
|-
| [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of State, Home Affairs (Internal Security)]] || 1989
|-
| [[9th Lok Sabha|Member, Ninth Lok Sabha (second term)]] || 1990
|-
| Member, [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] to review [[Lok Sabha]] Secretariat Rules, 1955 || 1990-1991
|-
| Member, Consultative [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] constituted under the Punjab State Legislature (Delegation of Powers) Act, 1987 || 1991
|-
| Member, Public Accounts [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] || 1991
|-
| Member, Consultative [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]], [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] || 1991
|-
| [[10th Lok Sabha|Member, Tenth Lok Sabha (third term)]] || 1991-1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Union Minister of State, Commerce (Independent Charge)]] || 1995-1996
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha|Member, Eleventh Lok Sabha (fourth term)]] || 1996
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Member, Twelfth Lok Sabha (fifth term)]] || 1996-1998
|-
| Member, [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] of Privileges || 1998
|-
| Member, [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] on [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance]] || 1998-1999
|-
| Member, Consultative [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]], Ministry of [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs]] || 2004
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha|Member, Fourteenth Lok Sabha (sixth term)]] || 2009
|-
| [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Cabinet Minister, Finance]] || May 2004 - Nov. 2008
|-
| [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs]] || Dec. 2008 - May 2009
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha|Member, Fifteenth Lok Sabha (seventh term)]] || 2009
|-
| [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs]] || May 2009 - July 2012
|-
| [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Cabinet Minister, Finance]] || Aug. 2012 - May 2014
|-
| [[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Cabinet Minister, Finance]] [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|(with additional charge of Law, Justice and Company Affairs)]] || July 2016
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha|Elected to Rajya Sabha]] || Resigned w.e.f. 16 June 2022
|-
| Chairman, [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] on [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Affairs]] || Sept. 2016 - May 2019
|-
| Member, General Purposes [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] || March 2017 - Nov. 2019
|-
| Member, [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] on [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs]] || Sept. 2019 - June 2022
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha|Elected to Rajya Sabha (second term)]] || June 2022
|-
| Member, [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] on [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance]] || Sept. 2022 - Sept. 2023
|-
| Member, [[List of committees of the Parliament of India|Committee]] on [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Affairs]] || Aug. 2023 - June 2024
|}


==Family and personal life==
==Family and personal life==
Chidambaram's mother, Lakshmi Acchi, was the daughter of [[Sir Annamalai Chettiar]], a banker and merchant, and was granted the title of ''Raja'' by [[British Raj|British]]. Annamalai Chettiar was the founder of [[Annamalai University]] and [[United India Insurance Company]] Limited. His brother, [[Ramaswami Chettiar]], was the founder of the [[Indian Bank]] and the co-founder of another major bank, the [[Indian Overseas Bank]].<ref>[http://www.mctmib.org/about_us.html M.Ct.M Group Education and Business Activities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231215058/http://www.mctmib.org/about_us.html |date=31 December 2010 }}. Mctmib.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080808011451/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/04/stories/2008080459340600.htm Tamil Nadu / Sivaganga News : IOB founder’s birth centenary celebrated]. The Hindu (4 August 2008). Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://chennainagarathar.com/nagarathar_vip_content.html Chennainagarathar.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201035133/http://www.chennainagarathar.com/nagarathar_vip_content.html |date=1 February 2011 }}. Chennainagarathar.com. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/aboutus.php Welcome to Annamalai University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222211010/http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/aboutus.php |date=22 February 2014 }}. Annamalaiuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://achi.org/wiki/raja-sir-annamalai-chettiar Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar | Nagarathar Sangam of North America]. Achi.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref>
Chidambaram's mother, Lakshmi Acchi, was the daughter of [[Sir Annamalai Chettiar]], a banker and merchant, and was granted the title of ''Raja'' by the [[British Raj|British]]. Annamalai Chettiar was the founder of [[Annamalai University]] and [[United India Insurance Company]] Limited. His brother, [[Ramaswami Chettiar]], was the founder of the [[Indian Bank]] and the co-founder of the [[Indian Overseas Bank]].<ref>[http://www.mctmib.org/about_us.html M.Ct.M Group Education and Business Activities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231215058/http://www.mctmib.org/about_us.html |date=31 December 2010 }}. Mctmib.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080808011451/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/04/stories/2008080459340600.htm Tamil Nadu / Sivaganga News : IOB founder’s birth centenary celebrated]. The Hindu (4 August 2008). Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://chennainagarathar.com/nagarathar_vip_content.html Chennainagarathar.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201035133/http://www.chennainagarathar.com/nagarathar_vip_content.html |date=1 February 2011 }}. Chennainagarathar.com. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/aboutus.php Welcome to Annamalai University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222211010/http://annamalaiuniversity.ac.in/aboutus.php |date=22 February 2014 }}. Annamalaiuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://achi.org/wiki/raja-sir-annamalai-chettiar Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar | Nagarathar Sangam of North America] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120710150223/http://achi.org/wiki/raja-sir-annamalai-chettiar |date=10 July 2012 }}. Achi.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.</ref>


He is married to Nalini Chidambaram, daughter of Justice (Retd.) [[Palapatti Sadaya Goundar Kailasam]], of the Supreme Court, and Mrs. Soundra Kailasam, a renowned Tamil poet and author. Nalini Chidambaram is a senior advocate practising in the [[Madras High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. He has a son, Karti P. Chidambaram, who graduated with a [[Bachelor of Business Administration|BBA]] degree from the [[University of Texas, Austin]], and a [[Masters in Law]] from the [[University of Cambridge]]. Karti, a member of the Congress Party's AICC, is active in [[Tamil Nadu]] state politics. Karti is married to Dr. Srinidhi Rangarajan, a well-known [[Bharathanatyam]] dancer and medical doctor, working with the Apollo Group of Hospitals in [[Chennai]]. Karti and Srinidhi have a daughter, Aditi Nalini Chidambaram.
He is married to Nalini Chidambaram, daughter of Justice (Retd.) [[Palapatti Sadaya Goundar Kailasam]] and Mrs. Soundra Kailasam, a renowned Tamil poet and author. Nalini Chidambaram is a senior advocate practising in the [[Madras High Court]] and the [[Supreme Court of India]]. He has a son, Karti P. Chidambaram, who graduated with a [[Bachelor of Business Administration|BBA]] degree from the [[University of Texas, Austin]], and a [[Masters in Law]] from the [[University of Cambridge]]. Karti, a member of the Congress Party's AICC, is active in [[Tamil Nadu]] state politics. Karti is married to Dr. Srinidhi Rangarajan, a well-known [[Bharathanatyam]] dancer and medical doctor, working with the Apollo Group of Hospitals in [[Chennai]]. Karti and Srinidhi have a daughter, Aditi Nalini Chidambaram.


=== Health Issues ===
=== Health Issues ===


He suffers from a medical condition referred to as [[crohn's disease]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chidambaram-suffers-from-crohn-s-disease-needs-specialised-treatment-report-11572363874668.html|title = Chidambaram suffers from Crohn's disease, needs specialised treatment: Report|date = 29 October 2019}}</ref>
He has [[Crohn's disease]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chidambaram-suffers-from-crohn-s-disease-needs-specialised-treatment-report-11572363874668.html|title = Chidambaram suffers from Crohn's disease, needs specialised treatment: Report|date = 29 October 2019|access-date = 10 April 2021|archive-date = 10 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210410012128/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chidambaram-suffers-from-crohn-s-disease-needs-specialised-treatment-report-11572363874668.html|url-status = live}}</ref>


==Controversies==
==Controversies==
{{POV section|date=August 2019}}
{{Criticism section|date=April 2025}}
The Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme (VDIS) 1997, which he announced when he was Finance Minister with the United Front government, was condemned by the Controller and Auditor General of India as abusive because of the loopholes that made it possible to fudge data to the financial advantage of the confessor.<ref name="jeth" />
The Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme (VDIS) 1997, which he announced when he was Finance Minister with the United Front government, was condemned by the Controller and Auditor General of India as abusive because of the loopholes that made it possible to fudge data to the financial advantage of the confessor.<ref name="jeth" />


Chidambaram was criticised for his ministry's failure to prevent the [[2011 Mumbai bombings]], despite massive investments in security following the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]. Three years after the 2008 attacks, security preparations were proven to be inadequate with channel breakdown and failures in modernising, procuring, and installing security equipment.<ref name="wsj-mumbaigap">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304223804576447993312720946|title=Mumbai Response Points to Security Gaps|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=16 July 2011|access-date=26 July 2011|first=Megha|last=Bahree}}</ref> Chidambaram defended the agencies under his ministry against the charge of intelligence failure with the response which was later ridiculed by many people in India and its media:
Chidambaram was criticised for his ministry's failure to prevent the [[2011 Mumbai bombings]], despite massive investments in security following the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]. Three years after the 2008 attacks, security preparations were proven to be inadequate with channel breakdown and failures in modernising, procuring, and installing security equipment.<ref name="wsj-mumbaigap">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304223804576447993312720946|title=Mumbai Response Points to Security Gaps|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=16 July 2011|access-date=26 July 2011|first=Megha|last=Bahree|archive-date=10 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410043833/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304223804576447993312720946|url-status=live}}</ref> Chidambaram defended the agencies under his ministry against the charge of intelligence failure with the response which was later ridiculed by many people in India and its media:


{{blockquote|Having no intelligence in this case, however, does not mean that there was a failure on part of the intelligence agencies.<ref name=it-intel>{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/mumbai-blasts-chidambaram-denies-intelligence-failure/1/144890.html|title=Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram denies intelligence failure|work=India Today|date=15 July 2011|access-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Having no intelligence in this case, however, does not mean that there was a failure on part of the intelligence agencies.<ref name=it-intel>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/mumbai-blasts-2011/story/mumbai-blasts-chidambaram-denies-intelligence-failure-137550-2011-07-14|title=Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram denies intelligence failure|work=India Today|date=15 July 2011|access-date=26 July 2011|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718125551/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/mumbai-blasts-chidambaram-denies-intelligence-failure/1/144890.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


There has been no intelligence failure. There was no intelligence warning about 13/7.<ref name=yahoo-intel>{{cite news|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/13-7-mumbai-blasts-chidambaram-rejects-charges-intelligence-070941960.html|title=13/7 Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram rejects charges of intelligence failure|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=14 July 2011|access-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>}}
There has been no intelligence failure. There was no intelligence warning about 13/7.<ref name=yahoo-intel>{{cite news|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/13-7-mumbai-blasts-chidambaram-rejects-charges-intelligence-070941960.html|title=13/7 Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram rejects charges of intelligence failure|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=14 July 2011|access-date=26 July 2011|archive-date=19 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519122851/http://in.news.yahoo.com/13-7-mumbai-blasts-chidambaram-rejects-charges-intelligence-070941960.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}


Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayaram Jayalalithaa wrote to the Chief Election Commissioner in 2011 that data entry operators at Sivaganga had transferred 3,400 votes polled by Kannappan from 11 polling stations in Chidambaram's favour. News reports suggest that on May 16, 2009, the AIADMK candidate Raja Kannappan was declared elected by 3555 votes at 12.30 pm, and the news was also broadcast on television. But in a dramatic reversal a few hours later, P Chidambaram was declared elected by 3354 votes at 4.30 pm, and was confirmed as the winner after a recount at 8.30 pm.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niticentral.com/2014/02/09/mr-recount-minister-here-are-the-facts-of-sivaganga-poll-188438.html |title=Mr Recount Minister, here are the facts of Sivaganga poll &#124; India News Analysis and Op-Ed Commentary &#124; Politics &#124; Governance &#124; Economic Freedom &#124; National Interest |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718164038/http://www.niticentral.com/2014/02/09/mr-recount-minister-here-are-the-facts-of-sivaganga-poll-188438.html |archive-date=18 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[[J. Jayalalithaa|Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J.Jayalalithaa]] wrote to the Chief Election Commissioner in 2011 that data entry operators at Sivaganga had transferred 3,400 votes polled by Kannappan from 11 polling stations in Chidambaram's favour. News reports suggest that on May 16, 2009, the AIADMK candidate Raja Kannappan was declared elected by 3555 votes at 12.30 pm, and the news was also broadcast on television. But in a dramatic reversal a few hours later, P Chidambaram was declared elected by 3354 votes at 4.30 pm, and was confirmed as the winner after a recount at 8.30 pm.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niticentral.com/2014/02/09/mr-recount-minister-here-are-the-facts-of-sivaganga-poll-188438.html |title=Mr Recount Minister, here are the facts of Sivaganga poll &#124; India News Analysis and Op-Ed Commentary &#124; Politics &#124; Governance &#124; Economic Freedom &#124; National Interest |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718164038/http://www.niticentral.com/2014/02/09/mr-recount-minister-here-are-the-facts-of-sivaganga-poll-188438.html |archive-date=18 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


On 7 April 2009, Chidambaram was [[List of shoe-throwing incidents|assaulted]] by [[Sikh]] journalist [[Jarnail Singh (journalist)|Jarnail Singh]] during a press conference in [[Delhi]] on the issue of a "clean chit" to [[Jagdish Tytler]]. Singh, who writes for the [[Hindi]] daily newspaper ''[[Dainik Jagaran]]'' was dissatisfied with Chidamabaram's answer to a question on the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]'s (CBI) "clean chit" regarding Jagdish Tytler's involvement in the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]. It was the first shoe throwing incident in India.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videoshow/4369344.cms The Times of India]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Journalist hurls shoes at|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/journalist-hurls-shoe-at-p-chidambaram/444151/|access-date=12 March 2014|newspaper=Indian Express}}</ref>
On 7 April 2009, Chidambaram was [[List of shoe-throwing incidents|assaulted]] by [[Sikh]] journalist [[Jarnail Singh (journalist)|Jarnail Singh]] during a press conference in [[Delhi]] on the issue of a "clean chit" to [[Jagdish Tytler]]. Singh, who wrote for the [[Hindi]] daily newspaper ''[[Dainik Jagaran]]'' was dissatisfied with Chidamabaram's answer to a question on the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]'s (CBI) "clean chit" regarding Jagdish Tytler's involvement in the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]. It was the first shoe throwing incident in India.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videoshow/4369344.cms The Times of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411031310/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videoshow/4369344.cms |date=11 April 2009 }}. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Journalist hurls shoes at|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/journalist-hurls-shoe-at-p-chidambaram/444151/|access-date=12 March 2014|newspaper=Indian Express|archive-date=12 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312224523/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/journalist-hurls-shoe-at-p-chidambaram/444151/|url-status=live}}</ref>


Chidambaram was part of Vedanta's legal team and on its board before becoming finance minister in 2004 [42].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chidambaram's 2007 flip-flop let Anil Agarwal's Vedanta take over Sesa Goa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120123-vedanta-anil-agarwal-p-chidambaram-flip-flop-sesa-goa-756976-2012-01-14 |website=www.indiatoday.in |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref> In 2002, a year before UK's Financial Services Authority allowed Sterlite to reconstitute itself as Vedanta Resources Plc, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) served a show-cause notice on three of Chairman Anil Agarwal's family. The notice was a demand that Sterlite directors answer allegations about using their holding companies-Volcan and Twinstar-to avoid paying taxes on forex transactions. It was a polite way of saying there was prima facie evidence, dating back to 1993, that the Agarwals were guilty of money laundering. For seven years the case dragged on in courts as Sterlite employed top lawyers to use every possible delaying tactic. P. Chidambaram argued in Sterlite's defence in a 2003 Bombay High Court case related to the ED's allegations. The following year, Chidambaram found himself appointed non-executive director on the board of Vedanta Resources Plc. And very soon, he became finance minister in UPA 1.
Chidambaram was part of Vedanta's legal team and on its board before becoming finance minister in 2004 [42].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chidambaram's 2007 flip-flop let Anil Agarwal's Vedanta take over Sesa Goa |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120123-vedanta-anil-agarwal-p-chidambaram-flip-flop-sesa-goa-756976-2012-01-14 |website=www.indiatoday.in |access-date=30 November 2018 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705121144/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120123-vedanta-anil-agarwal-p-chidambaram-flip-flop-sesa-goa-756976-2012-01-14 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, a year before UK's Financial Services Authority allowed Sterlite to reconstitute itself as Vedanta Resources Plc, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) served a show-cause notice on three of Chairman Anil Agarwal's family. The notice was a demand that Sterlite directors answer allegations about using their holding companies-Volcan and Twinstar-to avoid paying taxes on forex transactions. It was a polite way of saying there was prima facie evidence, dating back to 1993, that the Agarwals were guilty of money laundering. For seven years the case dragged on in courts as Sterlite employed top lawyers to use every possible delaying tactic. P. Chidambaram argued in Sterlite's defence in a 2003 Bombay High Court case related to the ED's allegations. The following year, Chidambaram found himself appointed non-executive director on the board of Vedanta Resources Plc. And very soon, he became finance minister in UPA 1.


Former Union Minister and Senior Advocate Ram Jethmalani's letter to Chidambaram on 6 December 2013 accused him of acting in collusion with the NDTV and laundering Rs 5000 crores of money through Mauritius route back to India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/190072062/Ram-Jethmalani-s-letter-to-P-Chidambaram-in-NDTV-money-laundering-matter|title=Ram Jethmalani's letter to P. Chidambaram in NDTV money laundering matter &#124; Indian Black Money &#124; Money Laundering}}</ref>
Former Union Minister and Senior Advocate Ram Jethmalani's letter to Chidambaram on 6 December 2013 accused him of acting in collusion with the NDTV and laundering Rs 5000 crores of money through [[Mauritius route]] back to India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/190072062/Ram-Jethmalani-s-letter-to-P-Chidambaram-in-NDTV-money-laundering-matter|title=Ram Jethmalani's letter to P. Chidambaram in NDTV money laundering matter &#124; Indian Black Money &#124; Money Laundering|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507115043/https://www.scribd.com/doc/190072062/Ram-Jethmalani-s-letter-to-P-Chidambaram-in-NDTV-money-laundering-matter|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
In September 2025, Chidambaram revealed that in the aftermath of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|2008 Mumbai terror attacks]], the Congress-led UPA government had decided not to retaliate against [[Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism|Pakistan for sponsoring the attack]], due to intense international pressure, although they were ready to act.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/us-stopped-us-from-acting-against-pak-p-chidambarams-big-26-11-confession-bjp-reacts-too-little-too-late-watch-11759201148165.html|title= 'US stopped us from acting against Pak': Chidambaram's big 26/11 confession; BJP reacts – ‘too little, too late’ {{!}} Watch|website=LiveMint.com}}</ref> Several BJP leaders condemned the admission and accused the Congress party for being soft on Pakistan, commenting that the statement came too little, too late.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/upa-governments-decision-not-to-act-against-pakistan-after-2611-amounted-to-treachery-eknath-shinde/article70119924.ece|title= UPA government’s decision not to act against Pakistan after 26/11 amounted to treachery: Eknath Shinde}}</ref>


=== INX Media, Aircel-Maxis case ===
=== INX Media, Aircel-Maxis case ===
{{Main|INX Media case}}
{{Main|INX Media case}}
In 2006, political leader Dr. Subramanian Swamy alleged that a company controlled by [[Karti Chidambaram]], the son of [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] P. Chidambaram, received a five-percent share of Aircel to get part of {{INR}}40&nbsp;billion paid by [[Maxis Communications]] for the 74-percent share of Aircel. According to Swamy, Chidambaram withheld [[Foreign Investment Promotion Board]] clearance of the deal until his son received the five-percent share in Siva's company.<ref name="Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/home/online-channel/360-todays-newspaper/63605-govts-defence-of-chidambaram-rings-hollow.html | title=Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow | work=The Pioneer | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> The issue was raised a number of times in [[Indian Parliament|Parliament]] by the opposition, which demanded Chidambaram's resignation.<ref name="Aircel-Maxis Deal: Parliament Disrupted Over PC's Role">{{cite news | url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=761922&commentid=49662#49662 | title=Aircel-Maxis Deal: Parliament Disrupted Over PC's Role | work=Outlook India | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110022112/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=761922&commentid=49662#49662 | archive-date=10 November 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Although Chidambaram and the then ruling Congress government denied the allegations,<ref name="Aircel-Maxis Deal: PC Dismisses Charges as Reckless">{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=762153 |title=Aircel-Maxis Deal: PC Dismisses Charges as Reckless |work=Outlook India |date=10 May 2012 |access-date=10 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510162107/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=762153 |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref> ''[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]'' and ''[[India Today]]'' reported the existence of documents showing that Chidambaram delayed approval of the [[foreign direct investment]] proposal by about seven months.<ref name="Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow" /><ref name="Document shows Chidambaram delayed Aircel-Maxis deal by 7 months">{{cite news | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/document-shows-chidambaram-delayed-aircel-maxis-deal/1/187868.html | title=Document shows Chidambaram delayed Aircel-Maxis deal by 7 months | work=India Today | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="Govt trapped in own web of deceit">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/home/online-channel/360-todays-newspaper/63884-govt-trapped-in-own-web-of-deceit.html | title=Govt trapped in own web of deceit | work=The Pioneer | date=9 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> It was alleged that Chidambaram's son, Karti was a direct beneficiary of the [[2G spectrum case]]. His company,  Advantage Strategic Consulting  had a five per cent stake in Aircel Televentures, even as his father P Chidambaram, as Finance minister, was alleged to have offered FIPB clearance for the Aircel-Maxis deal only if his son's company, Advantage Strategic Consulting, got shares in Aircel Ventures.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Chidambarams-son-a-direct-beneficiary-of-2G-scam-Subramaniam-Swamy/articleshow/12878815.cms | title=Chidambaram's son a direct beneficiary of 2G scam: Subramaniam Swamy|work=[[The Times of India]]| date=26 April 2012}}</ref> The Enforcement Directorate is <u>currently</u> investigating his involvement in Aircel deal.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chidambaram-expected-to-appear-before-ed-on-tuesday-in-aircel-maxis-money-laundering-case/story-i5IZZutYnamyVU5X1WMfSM.html | title=Chidambaram expected to appear before ED on Tuesday in Aircel-Maxis money laundering case| date=2018-06-04}}</ref> In 2012, and, subsequently, in 2016, information of wide-scale corruption by Chidambaram's son [[Karti Chidambaram]] and [[Robert Vadra]], with the help of his father's position, including through the [[Airtel]]–[[Maxis]] deal and the [[Uttar Pradesh NRHM scam]], was unveiled in prominent newspapers and media in India.<ref name="oneindia">{{cite news|last1=Chidambaram|first1=Narita|title=Subramanian Swamy exposes Chidambaram, son in corruption case|url=http://www.oneindia.com/2012/04/26/chidambaram-helped-son-in-corruption-subramanian-swamy.html|access-date=27 October 2016|publisher=One India|date=26 April 2012}}</ref> Simultaneously, Chidambaram and his son Karti have been dogged with allegations of corruption, misuse of position, insider trading and [[money laundering]].
In 2006, political leader Dr. Subramanian Swamy alleged that a company controlled by [[Karti Chidambaram]], the son of [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] P. Chidambaram, received a five-percent share of Aircel to get part of {{INR}}40&nbsp;billion paid by [[Maxis Communications]] for the 74-percent share of Aircel. According to Swamy, Chidambaram withheld [[Foreign Investment Promotion Board]] clearance of the deal until his son received the five-percent share in Siva's company.<ref name="Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/home/online-channel/360-todays-newspaper/63605-govts-defence-of-chidambaram-rings-hollow.html | title=Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow | work=The Pioneer | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012 | archive-date=9 May 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509152448/http://www.dailypioneer.com/home/online-channel/360-todays-newspaper/63605-govts-defence-of-chidambaram-rings-hollow.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The issue was raised a number of times in [[Indian Parliament|Parliament]] by the opposition, which demanded Chidambaram's resignation.<ref name="Aircel-Maxis Deal: Parliament Disrupted Over PC's Role">{{cite news | url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=761922&commentid=49662#49662 | title=Aircel-Maxis Deal: Parliament Disrupted Over PC's Role | work=Outlook India | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110022112/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=761922&commentid=49662#49662 | archive-date=10 November 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Although Chidambaram and the then ruling Congress government denied the allegations,<ref name="Aircel-Maxis Deal: PC Dismisses Charges as Reckless">{{cite news|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=762153 |title=Aircel-Maxis Deal: PC Dismisses Charges as Reckless |work=Outlook India |date=10 May 2012 |access-date=10 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510162107/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=762153 |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref> ''[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]'' and ''[[India Today]]'' reported the existence of documents showing that Chidambaram delayed approval of the [[foreign direct investment]] proposal by about seven months.<ref name="Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow" /><ref name="Document shows Chidambaram delayed Aircel-Maxis deal by 7 months">{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/document-shows-chidambaram-delayed-aircel-maxis-deal-101532-2012-05-07 | title=Document shows Chidambaram delayed Aircel-Maxis deal by 7 months | work=India Today | date=8 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012 | archive-date=9 May 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509005614/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/document-shows-chidambaram-delayed-aircel-maxis-deal/1/187868.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Govt trapped in own web of deceit">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/home/online-channel/360-todays-newspaper/63884-govt-trapped-in-own-web-of-deceit.html | title=Govt trapped in own web of deceit | work=The Pioneer | date=9 May 2012 | access-date=10 May 2012 | archive-date=11 May 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511164408/http://www.dailypioneer.com/home/online-channel/360-todays-newspaper/63884-govt-trapped-in-own-web-of-deceit.html | url-status=live }}</ref> It was alleged that Chidambaram's son, Karti was a direct beneficiary of the [[2G spectrum case]]. His company,  Advantage Strategic Consulting  had a five per cent stake in Aircel Televentures, even as his father P Chidambaram, as Finance minister, was alleged to have offered FIPB clearance for the Aircel-Maxis deal only if his son's company, Advantage Strategic Consulting, got shares in Aircel Ventures.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Chidambarams-son-a-direct-beneficiary-of-2G-scam-Subramaniam-Swamy/articleshow/12878815.cms| title=Chidambaram's son a direct beneficiary of 2G scam: Subramaniam Swamy| work=[[The Times of India]]| date=26 April 2012| access-date=11 June 2018| archive-date=17 December 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217200340/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Chidambarams-son-a-direct-beneficiary-of-2G-scam-Subramaniam-Swamy/articleshow/12878815.cms| url-status=live}}</ref> The Enforcement Directorate is <u>currently</u> investigating his involvement in Aircel deal.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chidambaram-expected-to-appear-before-ed-on-tuesday-in-aircel-maxis-money-laundering-case/story-i5IZZutYnamyVU5X1WMfSM.html| title=Chidambaram expected to appear before ED on Tuesday in Aircel-Maxis money laundering case| date=2018-06-04| access-date=11 June 2018| archive-date=12 June 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143551/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chidambaram-expected-to-appear-before-ed-on-tuesday-in-aircel-maxis-money-laundering-case/story-i5IZZutYnamyVU5X1WMfSM.html| url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, and, subsequently, in 2016, information of wide-scale corruption by Chidambaram's son [[Karti Chidambaram]] and [[Robert Vadra]], with the help of his father's position, including through the [[Airtel]]–[[Maxis]] deal and the [[Uttar Pradesh NRHM scam]], was unveiled in prominent newspapers and media in India.<ref name="oneindia">{{cite news|last1=Chidambaram|first1=Narita|title=Subramanian Swamy exposes Chidambaram, son in corruption case|url=http://www.oneindia.com/2012/04/26/chidambaram-helped-son-in-corruption-subramanian-swamy.html|access-date=27 October 2016|publisher=One India|date=26 April 2012|archive-date=27 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027192642/http://www.oneindia.com/2012/04/26/chidambaram-helped-son-in-corruption-subramanian-swamy.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Simultaneously, Chidambaram and his son Karti have been dogged with allegations of corruption, misuse of position, insider trading and [[money laundering]].


===Imprisonment===
===Imprisonment===
 
On 20 August 2019, the Delhi High Court dismissed both anticipatory bail pleas of Chidambaram in connection with corruption charges in the INX Media case during his tenure as Finance minister in UPA Government.<ref name="oneindia" /><ref name="mint">{{cite news|last1=Verma|first1=Gyan|last2=Khanna|first2=Pretika|title=Pioneer – the unlikely crusader|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NQFI4Ii1ilyeb9EpfWLoWN/The-Pioneer-The-unlikely-crusader.html|access-date=27 October 2016|publisher=The Live Mint|date=4 March 2016|archive-date=27 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027193328/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NQFI4Ii1ilyeb9EpfWLoWN/The-Pioneer-The-unlikely-crusader.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jeth">{{cite news|title=Friend, father & philosopher of black money is Chidambaram|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/friend-father-a-philosopher-of-black-money-is-chidambaram|access-date=27 October 2016|publisher=The Sunday Guardian|date=27 October 2016|archive-date=27 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027194519/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/friend-father-a-philosopher-of-black-money-is-chidambaram|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Correspondent|first1=Special|title=ED searches Karti's office; Chidambaram alleges harassment|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ed-searches-kartis-office-chidambaram-alleges-harassment/article7997679.ece|access-date=27 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=21 December 2015|archive-date=5 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705121148/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ED-searches-Karti%E2%80%99s-office-Chidambaram-alleges-harassment/article60572205.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 August, he appeared at the Congress HQ and addressed a press conference stating that he was "not accused"; however, he left the place, and, later, he was arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] and [[Enforcement Directorate]] at his home.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chidambaram-arrested-taken-to-cbi-office-for-questioning-in-inx-media-case/article29214167.ece|title=Chidambaram arrested in INX Media case after high drama|date=2019-08-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-22|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821191753/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chidambaram-arrested-taken-to-cbi-office-for-questioning-in-inx-media-case/article29214167.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/live-updates-chidambaram-arrested-inx-media-case-indrani-mukerjea-karti-cbi-2279293.html|title=In 2nd Round of Interrogation, CBI Quizzes Chidambaram on Meeting With Indrani Mukerjea {{!}} LIVE Updates|date=2019-08-22|website=News18|access-date=2019-08-22|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822043755/https://www.news18.com/news/india/live-updates-chidambaram-arrested-inx-media-case-indrani-mukerjea-karti-cbi-2279293.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/p-chidambaram-arrest-as-it-happened-1590176-2019-08-22|title=P Chidambaram's arrest: As it happened|website=India Today|access-date=2019-08-22|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822043756/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/p-chidambaram-arrest-as-it-happened-1590176-2019-08-22|url-status=live}}</ref> On 5 September 2019, [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] dismissed his appeal against rejection of anticipatory bail plea by Delhi High Court. The Special Court ordered Chidambaram to stay in [[judicial custody]] in [[Tihar Jail]] for 14 days. He was incarcerated for a total of 106 days in [[Tihar Jail]]. On 4 December he was granted bail by the supreme court.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/inx-media-case-chidambaram-lands-in-tihar-jail-that-currently-has-17-400-inmates-1596071-2019-09-06|title=INX Media case: Chidambaram lands in Tihar Jail that currently has 17,400 inmates|via=Press Trust of India|date=September 6, 2019|magazine=India Today|access-date=2019-09-05|archive-date=5 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905213642/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/inx-media-case-chidambaram-lands-in-tihar-jail-that-currently-has-17-400-inmates-1596071-2019-09-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 20 August 2019, the Delhi High Court dismissed both anticipatory bail pleas of Chidambaram in connection with corruption charges in the INX Media case during his tenure as Finance minister in UPA Government.<ref name="oneindia" /><ref name="mint">{{cite news|last1=Verma|first1=Gyan|last2=Khanna|first2=Pretika|title=Pioneer – the unlikely crusader|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NQFI4Ii1ilyeb9EpfWLoWN/The-Pioneer-The-unlikely-crusader.html|access-date=27 October 2016|publisher=The Live Mint|date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="jeth">{{cite news|title=Friend, father & philosopher of black money is Chidambaram|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/friend-father-a-philosopher-of-black-money-is-chidambaram|access-date=27 October 2016|publisher=The Sunday Guardian|date=27 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Correspondent|first1=Special|title=ED searches Karti's office; Chidambaram alleges harassment|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ed-searches-kartis-office-chidambaram-alleges-harassment/article7997679.ece|access-date=27 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=21 December 2015}}</ref> On 21 August, he appeared at the Congress HQ and addressed a press conference stating that he was "not accused"; however, he left the place, and, later, he was arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] and [[Enforcement Directorate]] at his home.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chidambaram-arrested-taken-to-cbi-office-for-questioning-in-inx-media-case/article29214167.ece|title=Chidambaram arrested in INX Media case after high drama|date=2019-08-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/live-updates-chidambaram-arrested-inx-media-case-indrani-mukerjea-karti-cbi-2279293.html|title=In 2nd Round of Interrogation, CBI Quizzes Chidambaram on Meeting With Indrani Mukerjea {{!}} LIVE Updates|date=2019-08-22|website=News18|access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/p-chidambaram-arrest-as-it-happened-1590176-2019-08-22|title=P Chidambaram's arrest: As it happened|website=India Today|access-date=2019-08-22}}</ref> On 5 September 2019, [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] dismissed his appeal against rejection of anticipatory bail plea by Delhi High Court. The Special Court ordered Chidambaram to stay in [[judicial custody]] in [[Tihar Jail]] for 14 days. On 4 December he was granted bail by the supreme court.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/inx-media-case-chidambaram-lands-in-tihar-jail-that-currently-has-17-400-inmates-1596071-2019-09-06|title=INX Media case: Chidambaram lands in Tihar Jail that currently has 17,400 inmates|agency=Press Trust of India |date=September 6, 2019 |magazine=India Today|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref>


==Books, research papers and journals==
==Books, research papers and journals==
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===Books===
===Books===
* ''Fearless in Opposition: Power and Accountability'' (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; {{ISBN|978-8129145291}})
* ''Fearless in Opposition: Power and Accountability'' (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; {{ISBN|978-8129145291}})
* ''The Watershed Year: Which Way Will India Go'' (Publisher: Bloomsbury India; ASIN B0CWB4X4JK)
* ''Standing Guard: A Year in Opposition'' (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; {{ISBN|978-8129139627}})
* ''Standing Guard: A Year in Opposition'' (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; {{ISBN|978-8129139627}})
* ''Speaking Truth to Power: My Alternative View'' (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; {{ISBN|978-8129151063}})
* ''Speaking Truth to Power: My Alternative View'' (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; {{ISBN|978-8129151063}})
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==External links==
==External links==
 
{{Wikiquote}}
 
{{Commons category|Palaniappan Chidambaram}}
* [http://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/pmsteam.php Cabinet of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh] ''Prime Ministers Office, Archived''
* [http://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/pmsteam.php Cabinet of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh] ''Prime Ministers Office, Archived''
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3741169.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3741169.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130422102312/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/12886 Interview] with ''[[Charlie Rose]]'' in April 2013
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130422102312/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/12886 Interview] with ''[[Charlie Rose]]'' in April 2013


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| list =
| list =
{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}
{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}
{{Ministry of Finance (India)}}
{{Finance Ministers of India}}
{{Home Ministry (India)}}
{{Home Ministers of India}}
{{Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)}}
{{Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)}}
}}
}}
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[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
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[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Maanila Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Maanila Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
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[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:Finance Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of finance of India]]
[[Category:Ministers for Corporate Affairs]]
[[Category:Ministers for corporate affairs]]
[[Category:Ministers of Internal Affairs of India]]
[[Category:Ministers of internal affairs of India]]
[[Category:Commerce and Industry Ministers of India]]
[[Category:Commerce and industry ministers of India]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]

Latest revision as of 07:24, 24 February 2026


In this Indian name, the name Palaniappan is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Chidambaram.

P. Chidambaram
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
Assumed office
30 June 2022
Preceded byA. Navaneethakrishnan
ConstituencyTamil Nadu
In office
5 July 2016 – 16 June 2022
Preceded byVijay J. Darda
Succeeded byImran Pratapgarhi
ConstituencyMaharashtra
Union Minister of Home Affairs
In office
29 November 2008 – 31 July 2012
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Preceded byShivraj Patil
Succeeded bySushilkumar Shinde
Union Minister of Finance
In office
31 July 2012 – 26 May 2014
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Preceded byPranab Mukherjee
Succeeded byArun Jaitley
In office
22 May 2004 – 30 November 2008
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Preceded byJaswant Singh
Succeeded byPranab Mukherjee
In office
1 May 1997 – 19 March 1998
Prime MinisterI. K. Gujral
Preceded byI. K. Gujral
Succeeded byYashwant Sinha
In office
1 June 1996 – 21 April 1997
Prime MinisterH. D. Deve Gowda
Preceded byJaswant Singh
Succeeded byI. K. Gujral
Union Minister of Corporate Affairs
In office
1 June 1996 – 21 April 1997
Prime MinisterH. D. Deve Gowda
Preceded byJaswant Singh
Succeeded byInder Kumar Gujral
Union Minister of Law and Justice
In office
1 June 1996 – 29 June 1996
Prime MinisterH. D. Deve Gowda
Preceded byRam Jethmalani
Succeeded byRamakant Khalap
Union Minister of Commerce & Industry
In office
10 February 1995 – 3 April 1996
Prime MinisterP. V. Narasimha Rao
Preceded byPranab Mukherjee
Succeeded byP. V. Narasimha Rao
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office
17 May 2004 – 18 May 2014
Preceded byE. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan
Succeeded byP. R. Senthilnathan
ConstituencySivaganga
In office
31 December 1984 – 26 April 1999
Preceded byR. Swaminathan
Succeeded byE. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan
ConstituencySivaganga
Personal details
Born
Palaniyappan. Chidambaram Initial Name (P. Chidambaram)

(1945-09-16) 16 September 1945 (age 80)
Kandanur, Madras Province, British India
(now in Tamil Nadu, India)
Political party
Other political
affiliations
Spouse(s)Nalini Chidambaram
ChildrenKarti Chidambaram (son)
Parent(s)Father : Palaniyappan Chettiyar
Mother : Lakshmi Aachi
Alma materUniversity of Madras (BSc, LLB)
Harvard University (MBA)
Loyola College (MA)
ProfessionSenior Advocate Politician

Palaniyappan Chidambaram (born 16 September 1945),[1] better known as P. Chidambaram, is an Indian politician and lawyer who currently serves as a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha.[2] He served as the Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs from 2017 to 2018.[3][4] He also served as Interim Deputy Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha from 2022 to 2023 under Mallikarjun Kharge.

Chidambaram has served as the Union Minister of Finance four times.[5] Most recently, he held the role for the entirety of the United Progressive Alliance government from 2004 to 2014, except for a three-year period as Minister of Home Affairs, during which he oversaw India's domestic security response to the 26/11 terrorist attack in Mumbai. Chidambaram returned as Finance Minister in July 2012, succeeding Pranab Mukherjee, who resigned to become the President of India. He was included in Time 100 list in 2013.[6] He was also the head of Congress Manifesto Committee for the 2019 Lok Sabha Elections and 2024 Indian General Elections.[7][8]

Early life and education[edit | edit source]

Chidambaram was born to Kandanur L. Ct. L. Palaniyappan Chettiyar and Lakshmi Aachi at Kanadukathan in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu. His maternal grandfather was Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar, a wealthy merchant and banker from Chettinad.[9]

Chidambaram did his schooling at the Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School, Chennai.[10] He then passed the one-year Pre-university course from Loyola College, Chennai. After graduating with a BSc degree in Statistics from the Presidency College, Chennai, he completed his Bachelor of Laws from the Madras Law College (Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College) and his MBA from Harvard Business School in the class of 1968. He also holds a Master's degree from Loyola College, Chennai.[11]

During this time, his politics inclined to the left and in 1969 he joined N. Ram, later an editor of The Hindu, and the women's activist Mythili Sivaraman in starting a journal called the Radical Review.[12]

Chidambaram has two brothers and one sister.[1] His father's business interests covered textiles, trading and plantations in India. He chose to concentrate on his legal practice and stayed away from the family business.[13]

Chidambaram enrolled as a lawyer in the Madras High Court, becoming a senior advocate in 1984. He had offices in Delhi and Chennai and practiced in the Supreme Court and various high courts of India.

Political career[edit | edit source]

Chidambaram was elected to the Lok Sabha (lower house) of the Indian Parliament from the Sivaganga constituency of Tamil Nadu in general elections held in 1984. He was a union leader for MRF and worked his way up in the Congress party. He was the Tamil Nadu Youth Congress president and then the general secretary of the Tamil Nadu Pradesh Congress Committee unit. He was inducted into the Union (Indian federal) Council of Ministers in the government headed by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi on 21 September 1985 as a Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Commerce and then in the Ministry of Personnel. His main actions during his tenure in this period was to control the price of tea and he has been criticized by the Government of Sri Lanka for destroying the Sri Lankan tea trade by fixing the prices of the commodity in India using state power. He was elevated to the rank of Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions in January 1986. In October of the same year, he was appointed to the Ministry of Home Affairs as Minister of State for Internal Security. He continued to hold both offices until general elections were called in 1989. The Indian National Congress government was defeated in the general elections of 1989.

In June 1991, Chidambaram was inducted as a Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce, by the then Prime Minister Mr P V Narasimha Rao; a post he held till July 1992. He was later re-appointed Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce in February 1995 and held the post until April 1996. He made some radical changes in India's export-import (EXIM) policy, while at the Ministry of Commerce.[14][15]

In 1996, Chidambaram quit the Congress party and joined a breakaway faction of the Tamil Nadu state unit of the Congress party called the Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC). In the general elections held in 1996, TMC along with a few national and regional level opposition parties, formed a coalition government.

Ministry of Finance[edit | edit source]

Chidambaram meeting with the 11th President of the World Bank Group Robert Zoellick in New Delhi on November 02, 2007

The coalition government came as a big break for Chidambaram, who was given the key cabinet portfolio of Finance. His 1997 budget is still remembered as the dream budget[16] for the Indian economy. The coalition government was a short-lived one (it fell in 1998), but he was reappointed to the same portfolio in the government formed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2004.

In 1998, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) took the reins of the government for the first time and it was not until May 2004 that Chidambaram would be back in government. Chidambaram became Minister of Finance again in the Congress party led United Progressive Alliance government on 24 May 2004. During the intervening period Chidambaram made some experiments in his political career, leaving the TMC in 2001 and forming his own party, the Congress Jananayaka Peravai, largely focused on the regional politics of Tamil Nadu. The party failed to take off into mainstream Tamil Nadu or national politics. After the elections of 2004, when the Congress won the election he was inducted into the Council of Ministers under the new Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as cabinet Minister of Finance and he merged his party with the mainstream Congress party.[17]

Ministry of Home Affairs[edit | edit source]

Home Minister Chidambaram presenting ninth part of Report of the Committee of Parliament on Official Language to President of India Pratibha Patil.

On 30 November 2008, he was appointed the Union Home Minister following the resignation of Shivraj Patil who had come under intense pressure to tender his resignation following a series of terror attacks in India, including the Mumbai attacks on 26 November 2008.

He has been credited with taking the bold decision of prioritising elections above corporate demands to deploy security for the 2009 Indian Premier League.[18]

In 2009, Chidambaram was re-elected from the Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency in the Congress and retained the Home ministry.[19] He was one of the representatives of the central government when a tri-party agreement was signed with the Gorkha Hill Council and the Government of West Bengal, an agreement which was a result of Mamata Banerjee's effort to end a decade long unrest in the hills of Darjeeling.[20]

The Indian National Congress appointed P. Chidambaram as one of thirteen senior spokespersons on 15 September 2014.[21] He ceded his seat to his son Karti in 2014, which resulted in electoral defeat for his son.[22][23][24][25] In 2016, he was elected as an MP of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian parliament from the state of Maharashtra.

Parliamentary Committee assignments

Elections Contested[edit | edit source]

Lok Sabha Elections Contested[edit | edit source]

Year Constituency Party Votes % Opponent Votes % Result Margin
1984 Sivaganga INC 68.10 DMK Tha. Kiruttinan 51.60 Won 16.50
1989 65.86 A. Ganesan 32.26 Won 33.60
1991 67.49 V. Kasinathan 29.12 Won 38.37
1996 TMC 64.79 INC M. Gowri Shankaran 26.53 Won 38.26
1998 51.15 AIADMK K. Kalimuthu 41.19 Won 9.96
1999 20.85 INC E. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan 40.23 Lost 19.38
2004 INC 60.01 AIADMK S. P. Karuppiah 35.62 Won 24.39
2009 43.17 Raja Kannappan 42.74 Won 0.43

Rajya Sabha[edit | edit source]

Position Party Constituency From To Tenure
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
(1st Term) 		INC Maharashtra 5 July
2016 		16 June
2022 		5 years, 346 days
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
(2nd Term) 		Tamil Nadu 30 June
2022 		29 June
2028 		5 years, 365 days

Positions held[edit | edit source]

Home Minister Chidambaram with Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Positions Held
Position Duration
Member, All India Congress Committee (A.I.C.C.) 1972
President, Youth Congress, Tamil Nadu 1973-1976
General-Secretary, Pradesh Congress Committee (P.C.C.), Tamil Nadu 1976-1977
Member, Eighth Lok Sabha (first term) 1984
Joint Secretary, All India Congress Committee (Indira) [A.I.C.C. (I)] 1985
Union Deputy Minister, Commerce Sept. 1985
Union Deputy Minister, Personnel, Administrative Reforms, Training, Public Grievances and Pensions 1985-1986
Union Minister of State, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions 1986-1989
Union Minister of State, Home Affairs (Internal Security) 1989
Member, Ninth Lok Sabha (second term) 1990
Member, Committee to review Lok Sabha Secretariat Rules, 1955 1990-1991
Member, Consultative Committee constituted under the Punjab State Legislature (Delegation of Powers) Act, 1987 1991
Member, Public Accounts Committee 1991
Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Finance 1991
Member, Tenth Lok Sabha (third term) 1991-1992
Union Minister of State, Commerce (Independent Charge) 1995-1996
Member, Eleventh Lok Sabha (fourth term) 1996
Member, Twelfth Lok Sabha (fifth term) 1996-1998
Member, Committee of Privileges 1998
Member, Committee on Finance 1998-1999
Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of External Affairs 2004
Member, Fourteenth Lok Sabha (sixth term) 2009
Union Cabinet Minister, Finance May 2004 - Nov. 2008
Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs Dec. 2008 - May 2009
Member, Fifteenth Lok Sabha (seventh term) 2009
Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs May 2009 - July 2012
Union Cabinet Minister, Finance Aug. 2012 - May 2014
Union Cabinet Minister, Finance (with additional charge of Law, Justice and Company Affairs) July 2016
Elected to Rajya Sabha Resigned w.e.f. 16 June 2022
Chairman, Committee on Home Affairs Sept. 2016 - May 2019
Member, General Purposes Committee March 2017 - Nov. 2019
Member, Committee on External Affairs Sept. 2019 - June 2022
Elected to Rajya Sabha (second term) June 2022
Member, Committee on Finance Sept. 2022 - Sept. 2023
Member, Committee on Home Affairs Aug. 2023 - June 2024

Family and personal life[edit | edit source]

Chidambaram's mother, Lakshmi Acchi, was the daughter of Sir Annamalai Chettiar, a banker and merchant, and was granted the title of Raja by the British. Annamalai Chettiar was the founder of Annamalai University and United India Insurance Company Limited. His brother, Ramaswami Chettiar, was the founder of the Indian Bank and the co-founder of the Indian Overseas Bank.[27][28][29][30][31]

He is married to Nalini Chidambaram, daughter of Justice (Retd.) Palapatti Sadaya Goundar Kailasam and Mrs. Soundra Kailasam, a renowned Tamil poet and author. Nalini Chidambaram is a senior advocate practising in the Madras High Court and the Supreme Court of India. He has a son, Karti P. Chidambaram, who graduated with a BBA degree from the University of Texas, Austin, and a Masters in Law from the University of Cambridge. Karti, a member of the Congress Party's AICC, is active in Tamil Nadu state politics. Karti is married to Dr. Srinidhi Rangarajan, a well-known Bharathanatyam dancer and medical doctor, working with the Apollo Group of Hospitals in Chennai. Karti and Srinidhi have a daughter, Aditi Nalini Chidambaram.

Health Issues[edit | edit source]

He has Crohn's disease.[32]

Controversies[edit | edit source]

The Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme (VDIS) 1997, which he announced when he was Finance Minister with the United Front government, was condemned by the Controller and Auditor General of India as abusive because of the loopholes that made it possible to fudge data to the financial advantage of the confessor.[33]

Chidambaram was criticised for his ministry's failure to prevent the 2011 Mumbai bombings, despite massive investments in security following the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Three years after the 2008 attacks, security preparations were proven to be inadequate with channel breakdown and failures in modernising, procuring, and installing security equipment.[34] Chidambaram defended the agencies under his ministry against the charge of intelligence failure with the response which was later ridiculed by many people in India and its media:

Having no intelligence in this case, however, does not mean that there was a failure on part of the intelligence agencies.[35] There has been no intelligence failure. There was no intelligence warning about 13/7.[36]

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J.Jayalalithaa wrote to the Chief Election Commissioner in 2011 that data entry operators at Sivaganga had transferred 3,400 votes polled by Kannappan from 11 polling stations in Chidambaram's favour. News reports suggest that on May 16, 2009, the AIADMK candidate Raja Kannappan was declared elected by 3555 votes at 12.30 pm, and the news was also broadcast on television. But in a dramatic reversal a few hours later, P Chidambaram was declared elected by 3354 votes at 4.30 pm, and was confirmed as the winner after a recount at 8.30 pm.[37]

On 7 April 2009, Chidambaram was assaulted by Sikh journalist Jarnail Singh during a press conference in Delhi on the issue of a "clean chit" to Jagdish Tytler. Singh, who wrote for the Hindi daily newspaper Dainik Jagaran was dissatisfied with Chidamabaram's answer to a question on the Central Bureau of Investigation's (CBI) "clean chit" regarding Jagdish Tytler's involvement in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. It was the first shoe throwing incident in India.[38][39]

Chidambaram was part of Vedanta's legal team and on its board before becoming finance minister in 2004 [42].[40] In 2002, a year before UK's Financial Services Authority allowed Sterlite to reconstitute itself as Vedanta Resources Plc, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) served a show-cause notice on three of Chairman Anil Agarwal's family. The notice was a demand that Sterlite directors answer allegations about using their holding companies-Volcan and Twinstar-to avoid paying taxes on forex transactions. It was a polite way of saying there was prima facie evidence, dating back to 1993, that the Agarwals were guilty of money laundering. For seven years the case dragged on in courts as Sterlite employed top lawyers to use every possible delaying tactic. P. Chidambaram argued in Sterlite's defence in a 2003 Bombay High Court case related to the ED's allegations. The following year, Chidambaram found himself appointed non-executive director on the board of Vedanta Resources Plc. And very soon, he became finance minister in UPA 1.

Former Union Minister and Senior Advocate Ram Jethmalani's letter to Chidambaram on 6 December 2013 accused him of acting in collusion with the NDTV and laundering Rs 5000 crores of money through Mauritius route back to India.[41]

In September 2025, Chidambaram revealed that in the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, the Congress-led UPA government had decided not to retaliate against Pakistan for sponsoring the attack, due to intense international pressure, although they were ready to act.[42] Several BJP leaders condemned the admission and accused the Congress party for being soft on Pakistan, commenting that the statement came too little, too late.[43]

INX Media, Aircel-Maxis case[edit | edit source]

Main article: INX Media case

In 2006, political leader Dr. Subramanian Swamy alleged that a company controlled by Karti Chidambaram, the son of Minister of Finance P. Chidambaram, received a five-percent share of Aircel to get part of ₹40 billion paid by Maxis Communications for the 74-percent share of Aircel. According to Swamy, Chidambaram withheld Foreign Investment Promotion Board clearance of the deal until his son received the five-percent share in Siva's company.[44] The issue was raised a number of times in Parliament by the opposition, which demanded Chidambaram's resignation.[45] Although Chidambaram and the then ruling Congress government denied the allegations,[46] The Pioneer and India Today reported the existence of documents showing that Chidambaram delayed approval of the foreign direct investment proposal by about seven months.[44][47][48] It was alleged that Chidambaram's son, Karti was a direct beneficiary of the 2G spectrum case. His company, Advantage Strategic Consulting had a five per cent stake in Aircel Televentures, even as his father P Chidambaram, as Finance minister, was alleged to have offered FIPB clearance for the Aircel-Maxis deal only if his son's company, Advantage Strategic Consulting, got shares in Aircel Ventures.[49] The Enforcement Directorate is currently investigating his involvement in Aircel deal.[50] In 2012, and, subsequently, in 2016, information of wide-scale corruption by Chidambaram's son Karti Chidambaram and Robert Vadra, with the help of his father's position, including through the Airtel–Maxis deal and the Uttar Pradesh NRHM scam, was unveiled in prominent newspapers and media in India.[51] Simultaneously, Chidambaram and his son Karti have been dogged with allegations of corruption, misuse of position, insider trading and money laundering.

Imprisonment[edit | edit source]

On 20 August 2019, the Delhi High Court dismissed both anticipatory bail pleas of Chidambaram in connection with corruption charges in the INX Media case during his tenure as Finance minister in UPA Government.[51][52][33][53] On 21 August, he appeared at the Congress HQ and addressed a press conference stating that he was "not accused"; however, he left the place, and, later, he was arrested by the Central Bureau of Investigation and Enforcement Directorate at his home.[54][55][56] On 5 September 2019, Supreme Court dismissed his appeal against rejection of anticipatory bail plea by Delhi High Court. The Special Court ordered Chidambaram to stay in judicial custody in Tihar Jail for 14 days. He was incarcerated for a total of 106 days in Tihar Jail. On 4 December he was granted bail by the supreme court.[57]

Books, research papers and journals[edit | edit source]

Chidambaram is a published author of several books.

Books[edit | edit source]

  • Fearless in Opposition: Power and Accountability (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; ISBN 978-8129145291)
  • The Watershed Year: Which Way Will India Go (Publisher: Bloomsbury India; ASIN B0CWB4X4JK)
  • Standing Guard: A Year in Opposition (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; ISBN 978-8129139627)
  • Speaking Truth to Power: My Alternative View (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; ISBN 978-8129151063)
  • Undaunted: Saving the Idea of India (Publisher: Rupa Publications India; ISBN 978-9353333737)
  • A View from the Outside: Why Good Economics Works for Everyone (Publisher: Penguin India; ISBN 978-0670081165)

Books featuring Chidambaram[edit | edit source]

  • An Agenda for India's Growth: Essays in Honour of P. Chidambaram (Publisher: Academic Foundation; ISBN 978-9332700093)

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 P Chidambaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history Archived 16 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Elections.in. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.
  2. ↑ Piyush Goyal, Chidambaram, Suresh Prabhu, Sharad Yadav elected to Rajya Sabha – The Economic Times Archived 12 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Economictimes.indiatimes.com (3 June 2016). Retrieved on 2016-08-18.
  3. ↑ "Parliament of India Rajya Sabha - 205th Report Action taken by Government in 203rd report on Border Security" (PDF). Parliament of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "Chidambaram to head Parliamentary panel on home affairs". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  5. ↑ "Finance Ministers who shaped India's economy". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  6. ↑ Sharma, Ruchir (18 April 2013). "Palaniappan Chidambaram: The World's 100 Most Influential People". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  7. ↑ Pandey, Neelam (6 April 2019). "Meet the young women and men who drafted Congress manifesto for Lok Sabha elections". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  8. ↑ "The overall theme of the Congress Manifesto is three powerful words- Work, Wealth, and Welfare". Indian National Congress. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  9. ↑ Chidambaram, Wife Own Assets Worth Over Rs 20 Crore. news.outlookindia.com (23 April 2009). Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  10. ↑ "Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school". The Times of India. 7 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  11. ↑ Meg Berté (MBA '00) – December 2005 – Alumni Bulletin – Harvard Business School Archived 21 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Alumni.hbs.edu. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  12. ↑ Kohli, Namita (11 October 2013). "With fire in her belly". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  13. ↑ "P.Chidambaram". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  14. ↑ "Commitment, quick decisions in making of new trade policy". The Indian Express. 13 August 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  15. ↑ "Statement by Minster on Trade Policy". the1991project.com. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  16. ↑ "In fact: 18 years ago, a tax amnesty scheme that worked – and why". The Indian Express. 2 October 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  17. ↑ "CJP merges with Congress". The Hindu. 26 November 2004. Archived from the original on 8 December 2004.
  18. ↑ A victory for the terrorist? Archived 17 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Hindu. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  19. ↑ "Chidambaram declared winner after 21 rounds of counting". The Hindu. 17 May 2009. Archived from the original on 20 May 2009.
  20. ↑ "Historic pact paves way for peace in Darjeeling hills". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  21. ↑ "13 spokespersons chosen by Congress". Zeenews. Zee Media Bureau. 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  22. ↑ Priyamvatha P (13 March 2014). "Ahead of polls, Congress leaders want to retreat". India Today. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  23. ↑ "Chidambaram wants his son to log in at Sivaganga". The Times of India. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  24. ↑ V Mayilvaganan (22 March 2014). "Jaya tears into Chidambaram in his home turf". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  25. ↑ V Mayilvaganan (17 May 2014). "Election results 2014: As P Chidambaram power fails Karti comes fourth". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  26. ↑ "Committee on External Affairs : Loksabha". loksabhaph.nic.in. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  27. ↑ M.Ct.M Group Education and Business Activities Archived 31 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Mctmib.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  28. ↑ Tamil Nadu / Sivaganga News : IOB founder’s birth centenary celebrated. The Hindu (4 August 2008). Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  29. ↑ Chennainagarathar.com Archived 1 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Chennainagarathar.com. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  30. ↑ Welcome to Annamalai University Archived 22 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Annamalaiuniversity.ac.in. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  31. ↑ Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar | Nagarathar Sangam of North America Archived 10 July 2012 at Archive.today. Achi.org. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  32. ↑ "Chidambaram suffers from Crohn's disease, needs specialised treatment: Report". 29 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Friend, father & philosopher of black money is Chidambaram". The Sunday Guardian. 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  34. ↑ Bahree, Megha (16 July 2011). "Mumbai Response Points to Security Gaps". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  35. ↑ "Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram denies intelligence failure". India Today. 15 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  36. ↑ "13/7 Mumbai blasts: Chidambaram rejects charges of intelligence failure". Yahoo! News. 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  37. ↑ "Mr Recount Minister, here are the facts of Sivaganga poll | India News Analysis and Op-Ed Commentary | Politics | Governance | Economic Freedom | National Interest". Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  38. ↑ The Times of India Archived 11 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 18 August 2016.
  39. ↑ "Journalist hurls shoes at". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  40. ↑ "Chidambaram's 2007 flip-flop let Anil Agarwal's Vedanta take over Sesa Goa". www.indiatoday.in. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  41. ↑ "Ram Jethmalani's letter to P. Chidambaram in NDTV money laundering matter | Indian Black Money | Money Laundering". Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  42. ↑ "'US stopped us from acting against Pak': Chidambaram's big 26/11 confession; BJP reacts – 'too little, too late' | Watch". LiveMint.com.
  43. ↑ "UPA government's decision not to act against Pakistan after 26/11 amounted to treachery: Eknath Shinde".
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Govt's defence of Chidambaram rings hollow". The Pioneer. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  45. ↑ "Aircel-Maxis Deal: Parliament Disrupted Over PC's Role". Outlook India. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  46. ↑ "Aircel-Maxis Deal: PC Dismisses Charges as Reckless". Outlook India. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  47. ↑ "Document shows Chidambaram delayed Aircel-Maxis deal by 7 months". India Today. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  48. ↑ "Govt trapped in own web of deceit". The Pioneer. 9 May 2012. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  49. ↑ "Chidambaram's son a direct beneficiary of 2G scam: Subramaniam Swamy". The Times of India. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  50. ↑ "Chidambaram expected to appear before ED on Tuesday in Aircel-Maxis money laundering case". 4 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Chidambaram, Narita (26 April 2012). "Subramanian Swamy exposes Chidambaram, son in corruption case". One India. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  52. ↑ Verma, Gyan; Khanna, Pretika (4 March 2016). "Pioneer – the unlikely crusader". The Live Mint. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  53. ↑ Correspondent, Special (21 December 2015). "ED searches Karti's office; Chidambaram alleges harassment". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2016. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  54. ↑ "Chidambaram arrested in INX Media case after high drama". The Hindu. 21 August 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  55. ↑ "In 2nd Round of Interrogation, CBI Quizzes Chidambaram on Meeting With Indrani Mukerjea | LIVE Updates". News18. 22 August 2019. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  56. ↑ "P Chidambaram's arrest: As it happened". India Today. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  57. ↑ "INX Media case: Chidambaram lands in Tihar Jail that currently has 17,400 inmates". India Today. 6 September 2019. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019 – via Press Trust of India.

External links[edit | edit source]

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