Indian New Year's days: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|New Year's Days in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
There are numerous days throughout the year celebrated as '''New Year's Day''' in the different regions of India. Observance is determined by whether the lunar calendar is being followed or the solar calendar. Those regions which follow the [[Solar calendar]], the new year falls on Baisakhi in North and Central India, Rongali Bihu in Assam, Puthandu in Tamil Nadu, Vishu in Kerala, [[Pana Sankranti]] or Odia Nababarsa in Odisha and Poila Boishakh in Bengal in the month of the calendar, i.e., [[Vaisakha|Vaishakha]]. Generally, this day falls during 14th or 15th of the month of [[April]]. Those following [[Lunar calendar]] consider the month of [[Chaitra]] (corresponding to [[March]]-April) as the first month of the year, so the new year is celebrated on the first day of this month like [[Ugadi]] in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and [[Gudi Padwa]] in Maharashtra. Similarly, few regions in India consider the period between consecutive [[Sankranti|Sankarantis]] as one month and few others take the period between consecutive [[Purnima]]s as a month. In Gujarat the new year is celebrated as the day after Diwali. As per the Hindu Calendar, it falls on Shukla Paksha Pratipada in the Hindu month of Kartik. As per the Indian Calendar based on Lunar Cycle, Kartik is the first month of the year and the New Year in Gujarat falls on the first bright day of Kartik (Ekam). In other parts of India, New Year Celebrations begin in the spring.
There are numerous days throughout the year celebrated as '''New Year's Day''' in the different regions of the [[Republic of India]]. The observance is determined by whether the [[lunar calendar|lunar]], [[solar calendar|solar]] or [[lunisolar calendar]] is being followed. For those regions which follow the solar calendar, the new year falls as Chet in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Bohag Bihu]] in Assam, [[Puthandu]] in Tamil Nadu, [[Vishu]] in Kerala, [[Maha Bishuba Sankranti]] or Odia Nababarsa in Odisha, [[Pohela Boishakh|Poila Boishakh]] in Bengal and [[Jur Sital]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of Bihar in the [[Vaisakha|Vaishakha]] month of the calendar. Generally, this day falls during 14th or 15th of the month of April. Those following the lunar calendar consider the month of [[Chaitra]] (corresponding to March–April) as the first month of the year, so the new year is celebrated on the first day of this month like [[Ugadi]] in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, [[Karnataka]] and [[Gudi Padwa]] in Maharashtra. Similarly, some regions in India consider the period between consecutive [[Sankranti|Sankarantis]] as one month and others take the period between consecutive [[Purnima]]s as a month. In Gujarat the new year is celebrated as the day after [[Diwali]]. As per the Hindu Calendar, it falls on Shukla Paksha Pratipada in the Hindu month of Kartik. As per the Indian Calendar based on the lunar cycle, Kartik is the first month of the year and the New Year in Gujarat falls on the first bright day of Kartik (Ekam). In other parts of India, New Year celebrations begin in the [[Spring (season)|spring]].


==Details==
==Details==
* Hindu religious festivals are based on [[Vikram Samvat]]. Notwithstanding the Purnimanta scheme of months that is in use in North India, the New year in Vikram Samvat starts from the first day of Chaitra [[Shukla Paksha]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CQ8iAVwA-yEC&lpg=PA30&ots=F93n3A0L4F&dq=purnimanta%20calendar%20edu&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q=purnimanta&f=false</ref>
* Hindu religious festivals are based on [[Vikram Samvat]]. Not withstanding the [[Hindu calendar#Amānta and Purnimānta systems|Purnimanta]] scheme of months that is in use in North India which differs from [[Hindu calendar#Amānta and Purnimānta systems|amanta]] tradition by one fortnight (or [[Paksha]]), the New year in Vikram Samvat is based on ''amanta'' tradition and starts from the first day of Chaitra [[Shukla Paksha]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ8iAVwA-yEC&q=purnimanta&pg=PA30|title = The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa|isbn = 9788120812079|last1 = Sewell|first1 = Robert|last2 = Dikshit|first2 = S. B.|date = 31 May 1995| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher }}</ref>
* In [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] the next day after [[Diwali]] is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar which is the first day of the month [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CQ8iAVwA-yEC&lpg=PA30&ots=F93n3A0L4F&dq=purnimanta%20calendar%20edu&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q=gujarat&f=false</ref>
* In [[Gujarat]], the fourth day of [[Diwali]] is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar month of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ8iAVwA-yEC&q=gujarat&pg=PA32|title = The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa|isbn = 9788120812079|last1 = Sewell|first1 = Robert|last2 = Dikshit|first2 = S. B.|date = 31 May 1995| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher }}</ref>
* Other festivals which are celebrated as new year in India are [[Baha parab]] (among [[Ho people|Ho]], [[Santal people]] and [[Munda people|Munda]]) and [[Sarhul]] (in Jharkhand).


==Calendar view==
==Calendar view==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Calendar !! Date !! Festival name !! Region / Communities / Religions<ref>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA136|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=136–137}}</ref>
! Calendar !! Date !! Festival name !! Region / Communities / Religions<ref>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA136|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=136–137}}</ref>
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Ugadi]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]]
|| Solar || 1 Vaisakh (13/14 April) || [[Vaisakhi]]|| style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Jammu]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], Haryana, [[Chandigarh]] and parts of Delhi
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Gudhi Padwa]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]]
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Navaratri#Chaitra Navaratri|Chaitra Navaratri]]<br>(Hindu Lunar New Year) || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Himachal Pradesh]],  [[Rajasthan]] (except [[Marwar]] region), [[Bihar]] ([[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]], [[Magahi culture|Magadh]]), [[Uttar Pradesh]] ([[Awadh]], [[Braj]], [[Bagelkhand]], [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]]-[[Purvanchal]], [[Bundelkhand]], [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]], [[Rohilkhand]]), [[Madhya Pradesh]] ([[Bagelkhand]], [[Bundelkhand]], [[Malwa]], [[Mahakoshal]], [[Gird, India|Gird]]), [[Chhattisgarh]], Jharkhand, and parts of Delhi
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Ugadi]]||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], Karnataka, parts of [[Goa]]
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Gudi Padwa]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Maharashtra]], Goa ([[Konkan]])
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Navreh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Kashmir]]  
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Navreh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Kashmir]]  
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|| Lunar || varies, Jun/Jul || Ashadhi Bij || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Kutch]]  
|| Lunar || varies, Jun/Jul || Ashadhi Bij || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Kutch]]  
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Oct/Nov || [[Balipratipada]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]]
|| Lunar || varies, Oct/Nov || [[Sal Mubarak|Nutan Varsh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]] ([[Marwar]] region)
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Cheti Chand]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Sindhis in India|Sindhi]]  
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Navaratri#Chaitra Navaratri|Chaitra Navaratri]]<br>(Hindu Lunar New Year) || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[North India|North]] and [[Central India]] ([[Uttar Pradesh]] ([[Awadh]], [[Braj]], [[Bagelkhand]]), [[Madhya Pradesh]] ([[Bundelkhand]], [[Malwa]], [[Mahakoshal]], [[Gird, India|Gird]]), [[Bihar]] ([[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]], [[Magadh]]), [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]])
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Cheti Chand]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Sindh]], [[Sindhi Hindus]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Mesha Sankranti]]/[[Vaisakhi]]<br>(Hindu Solar New Year) || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[North India]] (in [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Jammu]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarkhand]] ([[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]), [[Nepalis]] ([[Sikkim]], [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration|Darjeeling]])
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Mesha Sankranti]]<br>(Hindu Solar New Year) || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Uttarakhand]] ([[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]), [[Nepalis]] (parts of [[Nepal]], Sikkim and [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration|Darjeeling]] of [[West Bengal]])
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Puthandu]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Puthandu]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Vishu]]<br>(traditional) || rowspan="2" style="background: #ffad66;"| [[Kerala]]
| rowspan="2" |Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Vishu]]<br>(traditional) || rowspan="2" style="background: #ffad66;"| [[Kerala]]
|-
|-
| | fixed, 17/18 August || 1st [[Chingam]]<br>(Kollam era calendar)
| | fixed, 17/18 August || [[Kerala New Year (Kollam era)|1st Chingam]]<br>(Kollam era calendar)
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 April || [[Bisu Parba]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tulu Nadu]]
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 April || [[Bisu Parba]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tulu Nadu]]
Line 38: Line 42:
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Sajibu Nongma Panba|Sajibu Cheiraoba]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Arambam Noni|author2=Kangujam Sanatomba|title=Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA249|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-27066-9|page=249}}</ref> || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Manipur]]
|| Lunar || varies, Mar/Apr || [[Sajibu Nongma Panba|Sajibu Cheiraoba]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Arambam Noni|author2=Kangujam Sanatomba|title=Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA249|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-27066-9|page=249}}</ref> || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Manipur]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 Apr || [[Buisu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tripura]]
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 Apr || [[Buisu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]] of [[Tripura]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 Apr || [[Bwisagu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Bodoland Territorial Region|Bodoland]]  
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 Apr || [[Bwisagu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Bodoland Territorial Region]] of [[Assam]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Bohag Bihu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Assam]]
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Bohag Bihu]] ||style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Brahmaputra Valley]] of [[Assam]]
|-
|-
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 April || [[Pana Sankranti]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Odisha]]
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 April || [[Maha Bishuba Sankranti]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Odisha]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 April || [[Pahela Baishakh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[West Bengal]] and the wider [[Bengal]] region
|| Solar || fixed, 14/15 April || [[Pahela Baishakh]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[West Bengal]], parts of [[Tripura]] and [[Barak Valley]] of [[Assam]]
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Jur Sital]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
|| Solar || fixed, 13/14/15 April || [[Jur Sital]] || style="background: #ffad66;" | [[Bihar]] ([[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region)
|-
|-
|| Lunar || varies, Dec || [[Losoong Festival|Losoong]]/[[Losoong Festival|Namsoong]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Bhutia]], [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]])
|| Lunar || varies, Dec || [[Losoong Festival|Losoong]]/[[Losoong Festival|Namsoong]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Bhutia]], [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]])
|-
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Dec || [[Galdan Namchot]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Ladakh]]
|| Lunar ||varies, Feb || [[Losar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Ladakh]], Arunachal Pradesh ([[Monpa people|Monpa]])
|-
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Feb || [[Losar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] ([[Monpa people|Monpa]])
|| Lunar ||varies, Oct/Nov || [[Mha Puja]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Newar people|Newar]])
|-
|-
|| Lunar ||varies, Feb/Mar || [[Gyalpo Lhosar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Sherpa people|Sherpa]])
|| Lunar ||varies, Feb/Mar || [[Gyalpo Lhosar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Sherpa people|Sherpa]])
Line 62: Line 66:
|| Lunar ||varies, Jan/Feb || [[Sonam Lhosar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Tamang people|Tamang]])
|| Lunar ||varies, Jan/Feb || [[Sonam Lhosar]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Sikkim]] ([[Tamang people|Tamang]])
|-
|-
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 Apr || [[Sangken]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] ([[Khamti people|Khamti]], [[Jingpo people#Singpho|Singpho]], [[Khamyang people|Khamyang]], [[Tangsa people|Tangsa]]), [[Assam]] ([[Tai Phake people|Tai Phake]], [[Tai Aiton people|Tai Aiton]], [[Turung people|Turung]])
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 Apr || [[Sangken]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] ([[Khamti people|Khamti]], [[Jingpo people#Singpho|Singpho]], [[Khamyang people|Khamyang]], [[Tangsa people|Tangsa]]), [[Assam]] ([[Tai Phake people|Tai Phake]], [[Tai Aiton people|Tai Aiton]], [[Turung people|Turung]])
|-
|-
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 Apr || [[Bizhu]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Chakma people|Chakma]]
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 Apr || [[Bizhu]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Chakma Autonomous District Council]] of [[Mizoram]], [[Tripura]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]] ([[Chakma people|Chakma]])
|-
|-
|| Solar || varies, 17, 18, 19 Aug<ref name="news">{{cite web |url=http://newsworldindia.in/lifestyle/navroz-special-6-fascinating-facts-about-the-festival/108852/ |title=Navroz Mubarak: 6 Fascinating Facts About Parsi New Year! |date=20 March 2017  |website=newsworldindia.in |publisher=News World India|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> || [[Pateti]] || style="background:lightpink;"| [[Parsi]]s
|| Solar ||fixed, 13/14 Apr || [[Sangrai festival|Sangrai]] || style="background:yellow;"| [[Tripura]] ([[Marma people|Mogh]])
|-
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 21 March || [[Nowruz]]<ref name="ToI">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/irani-new-year-to-be-celebrated-today-and-tomorrow/articleshow/57719657.cms |title=Irani New Year to be celebrated today and tomorrow |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |date=19 March 2017 |work=The Times of India|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|Mughal records state that Nowruz was celebrated in northwestern Indian subcontinent, but inconsistently. Some Mughal emperors favoring its celebration while others not participating because it was not sanctioned by [[Sharia]]. Aurangzeb banned its celebration in 1659, calling it "festival of fireworshippers" and the celebration as a "stupid act".<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephen P. Blake|title=Time in Early Modern Islam: Calendar, Ceremony, and Chronology in the Safavid, Mughal and Ottoman Empires|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUB-FEpPHsoC&pg=PA91 |year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03023-7|pages=89–91}}</ref>}} || style="background:lightpink;"| [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]
|| Solar || varies, 17, 18, 19 Aug<ref name="news">{{cite web |url=http://newsworldindia.in/lifestyle/navroz-special-6-fascinating-facts-about-the-festival/108852/ |title=Navroz Mubarak: 6 Fascinating Facts About Parsi New Year! |date=20 March 2017 |website=newsworldindia.in |publisher=News World India |access-date=30 March 2017 |archive-date=31 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331131103/http://newsworldindia.in/lifestyle/navroz-special-6-fascinating-facts-about-the-festival/108852/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> || [[Pateti]] || style="background:lightpink;"| [[Parsi]]s
|-
|| Solar || fixed, 21 March || [[Nowruz]]<ref name="ToI">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/irani-new-year-to-be-celebrated-today-and-tomorrow/articleshow/57719657.cms |title=Irani New Year to be celebrated today and tomorrow |last=Jaisinghani |first=Bella |date=19 March 2017 |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 March 2017 |archive-date=26 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326025407/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/irani-new-year-to-be-celebrated-today-and-tomorrow/articleshow/57719657.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] records state that Nowruz was celebrated in the northwestern [[Indian subcontinent]], but inconsistently, with some Mughal emperors favoring its celebration while others not participating because it was not sanctioned by [[Sharia]]. [[Aurangzeb]] banned its celebration in 1659, calling it a "festival of fireworshippers" and its celebration a "stupid act".<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephen P. Blake|title=Time in Early Modern Islam: Calendar, Ceremony, and Chronology in the Safavid, Mughal and Ottoman Empires|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUB-FEpPHsoC&pg=PA91 |year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03023-7|pages=89–91}}</ref>}} || style="background:lightpink;"| [[Zoroastrianism|Iranis/other Zoroastrians]]
|}
|}


== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]]
*[[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar]]
*[[Lunar New Year]]
*[[Diwali in Gujarat]]
*[[Nyepi]], new year in [[Balinese Hinduism]]
*[[Hindu units of time]]
*[[Hindu units of time]]
*[[Hindu calendar]]
*[[Hindu calendar]]
*[[Indian national calendar]]
*[[Indian national calendar]]
*[[Diwali in Gujarat]]
*[[Lunar New Year]]
*[[Nyepi]], new year in [[Balinese Hinduism]]
*[[South and Southeast Asian solar New Year]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.north-east-india.com/assam/bihu-festival.html Bihu Festival]
*[http://www.north-east-india.com/assam/bihu-festival.html Bihu Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225024153/http://north-east-india.com/assam/bihu-festival.html |date=25 February 2020 }}
*[http://www.baisakhifestival.com/puthandu-in-tamil-nadu.html Puthandu at baisakhifestival.com]
*[http://www.baisakhifestival.com/puthandu-in-tamil-nadu.html Puthandu at baisakhifestival.com]
*[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Festival_of_Manipur.The_concept_of_Sajibu_Cheiraoba Cheiraoba]
*[http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Festival_of_Manipur.The_concept_of_Sajibu_Cheiraoba Cheiraoba]
*[http://www.koausa.org/Festivals/Navreh/article1.html Navreh – The new year day in Kashmir]
*[http://www.koausa.org/Festivals/Navreh/article1.html Navreh – The new year day in Kashmir]


{{New Year by Calendar}}
{{New Year by Calendar}}

Latest revision as of 01:28, 22 March 2026


There are numerous days throughout the year celebrated as New Year's Day in the different regions of the Republic of India. The observance is determined by whether the lunar, solar or lunisolar calendar is being followed. For those regions which follow the solar calendar, the new year falls as Chet in Punjab, Bohag Bihu in Assam, Puthandu in Tamil Nadu, Vishu in Kerala, Maha Bishuba Sankranti or Odia Nababarsa in Odisha, Poila Boishakh in Bengal and Jur Sital in the Mithila region of Bihar in the Vaishakha month of the calendar. Generally, this day falls during 14th or 15th of the month of April. Those following the lunar calendar consider the month of Chaitra (corresponding to March–April) as the first month of the year, so the new year is celebrated on the first day of this month like Ugadi in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra. Similarly, some regions in India consider the period between consecutive Sankarantis as one month and others take the period between consecutive Purnimas as a month. In Gujarat the new year is celebrated as the day after Diwali. As per the Hindu Calendar, it falls on Shukla Paksha Pratipada in the Hindu month of Kartik. As per the Indian Calendar based on the lunar cycle, Kartik is the first month of the year and the New Year in Gujarat falls on the first bright day of Kartik (Ekam). In other parts of India, New Year celebrations begin in the spring.

Details[edit | edit source]

  • Hindu religious festivals are based on Vikram Samvat. Not withstanding the Purnimanta scheme of months that is in use in North India which differs from amanta tradition by one fortnight (or Paksha), the New year in Vikram Samvat is based on amanta tradition and starts from the first day of Chaitra Shukla Paksha.[1]
  • In Gujarat, the fourth day of Diwali is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar month of Kartik.[2]
  • Other festivals which are celebrated as new year in India are Baha parab (among Ho, Santal people and Munda) and Sarhul (in Jharkhand).

Calendar view[edit | edit source]

Calendar Date Festival name Region / Communities / Religions[3]
Solar 1 Vaisakh (13/14 April) Vaisakhi Jammu, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh and parts of Delhi
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Chaitra Navaratri
(Hindu Lunar New Year)		 Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan (except Marwar region), Bihar (Bhojpur, Magadh), Uttar Pradesh (Awadh, Braj, Bagelkhand, Bhojpur-Purvanchal, Bundelkhand, Kannauj, Rohilkhand), Madhya Pradesh (Bagelkhand, Bundelkhand, Malwa, Mahakoshal, Gird), Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and parts of Delhi
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Ugadi Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, parts of Goa
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Gudi Padwa Maharashtra, Goa (Konkan)
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Navreh Kashmir
Lunar varies, Jun/Jul Ashadhi Bij Kutch
Lunar varies, Oct/Nov Nutan Varsh Gujarat and Rajasthan (Marwar region)
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Cheti Chand Sindh, Sindhi Hindus
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Mesha Sankranti
(Hindu Solar New Year)		 Uttarakhand (Garhwal and Kumaon), Nepalis (parts of Nepal, Sikkim and Darjeeling of West Bengal)
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Puthandu Tamil Nadu
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Vishu
(traditional)		 Kerala
fixed, 17/18 August 1st Chingam
(Kollam era calendar)
Solar fixed, 14/15 April Bisu Parba Tulu Nadu
Lunar varies, Mar/Apr Sajibu Cheiraoba[4] Manipur
Solar fixed, 14/15 Apr Buisu Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council of Tripura
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 Apr Bwisagu Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Bohag Bihu Brahmaputra Valley of Assam
Solar fixed, 13/14 April Maha Bishuba Sankranti Odisha
Solar fixed, 14/15 April Pahela Baishakh West Bengal, parts of Tripura and Barak Valley of Assam
Solar fixed, 13/14/15 April Jur Sital Bihar (Mithila region)
Lunar varies, Dec Losoong/Namsoong Sikkim (Bhutia, Lepcha)
Lunar varies, Feb Losar Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh (Monpa)
Lunar varies, Oct/Nov Mha Puja Sikkim (Newar)
Lunar varies, Feb/Mar Gyalpo Lhosar Sikkim (Sherpa)
Lunar varies, Dec/Jan Tamu Lhosar Sikkim (Gurung)
Lunar varies, Jan/Feb Sonam Lhosar Sikkim (Tamang)
Solar fixed, 13/14 Apr Sangken Arunachal Pradesh (Khamti, Singpho, Khamyang, Tangsa), Assam (Tai Phake, Tai Aiton, Turung)
Solar fixed, 13/14 Apr Bizhu Chakma Autonomous District Council of Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh (Chakma)
Solar fixed, 13/14 Apr Sangrai Tripura (Mogh)
Solar varies, 17, 18, 19 Aug[5] Pateti Parsis
Solar fixed, 21 March Nowruz[6][note 1] Iranis/other Zoroastrians

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Mughal records state that Nowruz was celebrated in the northwestern Indian subcontinent, but inconsistently, with some Mughal emperors favoring its celebration while others not participating because it was not sanctioned by Sharia. Aurangzeb banned its celebration in 1659, calling it a "festival of fireworshippers" and its celebration a "stupid act".[7]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Sewell, Robert; Dikshit, S. B. (31 May 1995). The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. ISBN 9788120812079.
  2. ↑ Sewell, Robert; Dikshit, S. B. (31 May 1995). The Indian Calendar with Tables of the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan into A.D. Dates & Vice Versa. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. ISBN 9788120812079.
  3. ↑ Roshen Dalal (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. pp. 136–137. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
  4. ↑ Arambam Noni; Kangujam Sanatomba (2015). Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur. Routledge. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-317-27066-9.
  5. ↑ "Navroz Mubarak: 6 Fascinating Facts About Parsi New Year!". newsworldindia.in. News World India. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  6. ↑ Jaisinghani, Bella (19 March 2017). "Irani New Year to be celebrated today and tomorrow". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  7. ↑ Stephen P. Blake (2013). Time in Early Modern Islam: Calendar, Ceremony, and Chronology in the Safavid, Mughal and Ottoman Empires. Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-1-107-03023-7.

External links[edit | edit source]

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