>Cewbot m Fix broken anchor: 2020-10-17T20:33:14Z #Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st-3rd centuries CE)→Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE) |
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{{Indic | {{Infobox Indic letter |letname = Ī | ||
|bengcp = 0988 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ii.svg | |||
|tibtcp = 0F68;ཱི | |||
|tamlcp = 0B88 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஈஈ.svg | |||
|bengcp = 0988 | |thaicp = 0E35 | ||
|mlymcp = 0D08 | |||
| | |sinhcp = 0D8A | ||
| | |brahcp = 11008 |ashokaimg = Brahmi ii.svg | ||
|devacp = 0908 |devaimg = Devanagari ii.svg | |||
| hbchar = ע | |||
| grchar = Ο, Ω | |||
| lachar = O | |||
|sinhcp = 0D8A | | cychar = О, Ѡ, Ѿ, Ꙋ, Ю | ||
|ipa = iː |iast = Ī |iscii = A7 | |||
|brahcp = 11008 |ashokaimg = Brahmi ii.svg | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|ipa = iː |iast = Ī |iscii = A7 | |||
}} | }} | ||
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==Āryabhaṭa numeration== | ==Āryabhaṭa numeration== | ||
{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}} | {{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}} | ||
[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The ई sign ी was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|2}}, but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref> | [[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The ई sign ी was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|2}}, but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref> | ||
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===Brahmi Ii=== | ===Brahmi Ii=== | ||
The Brahmi letter Ī [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]], is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Ayin]] [[File:Ayin.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[O]] and Greek [[Omicron]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |year=1898 |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ī can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. | |||
The Brahmi letter Ī [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]], is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Ayin]] [[File:Ayin.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[O]] and Greek [[Omicron]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ī can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. | |||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|+Brahmi Ī historic forms | |+Brahmi Ī historic forms | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Ashoka<br />([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" ( | !Ashoka<br />([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd–1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar<br />(~150 BCE) !! Kushana<br />([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat<br />(~250 CE) !! Gupta<br />([[Gupta script|~350 CE]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Brahmi ii.svg|37px]] || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta girnar ii.svg|37px]]--> || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta ashoka ii.svg|37px]]--> || [[Image:Gupta gujarat ii.svg|37px]] || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta allahabad ii.svg|37px]]--> | | [[File:Brahmi ii.svg|37px]] || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta girnar ii.svg|37px]]--> || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta ashoka ii.svg|37px]]--> || [[Image:Gupta gujarat ii.svg|37px]] || No sample<!--[[Image:Gupta allahabad ii.svg|37px]]--> | ||
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===Tocharian Ī=== | ===Tocharian Ī=== | ||
The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ii.gif|25px|Ii]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ii]]. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. | The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter ii.gif|25px|Ii]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ii]]. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|+Tocharian consonants with Ī vowel mark | |+Tocharian consonants with Ī vowel mark | ||
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===Kharoṣṭhī Ī=== | ===Kharoṣṭhī Ī=== | ||
The Kharoṣṭhī letter Ī is indicated with the [[I (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī I|I]] vowel mark [[File:Буква I (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi vowel sign I.svg|15px|Ii]]plus the vowel length mark [[File:Довгий голосний (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharosthi vowel length mark.svg|15px]]. As an independent vowel, Ī is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter [[A (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī A|A]] [[File:Буква А (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter A.svg|15px|A]]. | The Kharoṣṭhī letter Ī is indicated with the [[I (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī I|I]] vowel mark [[File:Буква I (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi vowel sign I.svg|15px|Ii]]plus the vowel length mark [[File:Довгий голосний (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharosthi vowel length mark.svg|15px]]. As an independent vowel, Ī is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter [[A (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī A|A]] [[File:Буква А (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter A.svg|15px|A]]. | ||
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{{main|Devanagari ii}} | {{main|Devanagari ii}} | ||
<!--{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}} | <!--{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}} | ||
===Devanagari-using Languages=== | ===Devanagari-using Languages=== | ||
--> | --> | ||
{{multiple image | {{multiple image | ||
| width = 100px | | width = 100px | ||
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===Devanagari Using Languages=== | ===Devanagari Using Languages=== | ||
The Devanagari script is used to write the [[Hindi language]], [[Sanskrit]] and the majority of [[ | The Devanagari script is used to write the [[Hindi language]], [[Sanskrit]] and the majority of [[Indo-Aryan languages]]. In most of these languages, ई is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. <!-- In addition to the standard vowel sign, X forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant X: | ||
* () + () gives the ligature : | * () + () gives the ligature : | ||
[[File: Devanagari letter X.svg|100px]]--> | [[File: Devanagari letter X.svg|100px]]--> | ||
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{{multiple image | {{multiple image | ||
| width = 100px | | width = 100px | ||
| image1 = Bengali Letter | | image1 = Bengali Letter Ii.svg | ||
| alt1 = Ī vowel | | alt1 = Ī vowel | ||
| image2 = Bengali | | image2 = Bengali Ii vowel sign.svg | ||
| alt2 = Ī vowel sign | | alt2 = Ī vowel sign | ||
| footer = Bengali independent Ī and Ī vowel sign. | | footer = Bengali independent Ī and Ī vowel sign. | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Ī''' ('''ঈ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ii.svg|13px|Ī]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ई. | '''Ī''' ('''ঈ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ii.svg|13px|Ī]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ई. | ||
===Bengali Script Using Languages=== | ===Bengali Script Using Languages=== | ||
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the [[Bengali language]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. In most languages, ঈ is pronounced as {{IPA-bn|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. <!-- In addition to the standard vowel sign, X forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant X: | The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the [[Bengali language]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. In most languages, ঈ is pronounced as {{IPA-bn|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. <!-- In addition to the standard vowel sign, X forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant X: | ||
* () + () gives the ligature : | * () + () gives the ligature : | ||
[[File: Bengali letter X.svg|100px]]--> | [[File: Bengali letter X.svg|100px]]--> | ||
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===Gujarati-using Languages=== | ===Gujarati-using Languages=== | ||
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઈ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. In addition to the standard vowel sign, Ī forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant J: | The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઈ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|ī|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. In addition to the standard vowel sign, Ī forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant J: | ||
* જ (j) + ઈ (ī) gives the ligature jī: | * જ (j) + ઈ (ī) gives the ligature jī: | ||
[[File:Gujarati letter Jii.svg|100px]] | [[File:Gujarati letter Jii.svg|100px]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Ī''' ('''ఈ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಈ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature. | '''Ī''' ('''ఈ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಈ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature. | ||
[[File:Telugu Ii matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu Ī vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Kī, Khī, Gī, Ghī and Ngī. Note that how the vowel sign interacts with the base consonant is dependent on the location of the headline, the absence of a headline, and the presence of a tail to attach to.]] | [[File:Telugu Ii matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu Ī vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Kī, Khī, Gī, Ghī and Ngī. Note that how the vowel sign interacts with the base consonant is dependent on the location of the headline, the absence of a headline, and the presence of a tail to attach to.]] | ||
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==Odia Ī== | ==Odia Ī== | ||
[[File:Odia alphabet ଈ.svg|thumb|Odia independent vowel and vowel sign Ī]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
'''Ī''' ('''ଈ''') is a vowel of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ii.svg|x15px|Ī]] ''ii''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia. | '''Ī''' ('''ଈ''') is a vowel of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi ii.svg|13px|Ī]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham ii.svg|x15px|Ī]] ''ii''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia. | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
==Gurmukhi== | ==Gurmukhi== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tamil== | ==Tamil== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Kannada== | ==Kannada== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Sinhala== | ==Sinhala== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Thai== | ==Thai== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Lao== | ==Lao== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tibetan== | ==Tibetan== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Burmese== | ==Burmese== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Khmer== | ==Khmer== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Philippine == | ==Philippine == | ||
===Baybayin (Telugu)=== | ===Baybayin (Telugu)=== | ||
===Hanunoo=== | ===Hanunoo=== | ||
===Buhid=== | ===Buhid=== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tagbanwa== | ==Tagbanwa== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Lontara== | ==Lontara== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Balinese== | ==Balinese== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Sundanese== | ==Sundanese== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Limbu== | ==Limbu== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tai Le== | ==Tai Le== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==New Tai Lue== | ==New Tai Lue== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Lepcha== | ==Lepcha== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Saurashtra== | ==Saurashtra== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Rejang== | ==Rejang== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Cham== | ==Cham== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tai Viet== | ==Tai Viet== | ||
===Low=== | ===Low=== | ||
===High=== | ===High=== | ||
--> | --> | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
==Comparison of Ī== | |||
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ī, are related as well. | |||
{{Indic glyph |letname = Ī | |||
|devacp = 0908 |devaimg = Devanagari ii.svg | |||
|bengcp = 0988 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ii.svg | |||
|tamlcp = 0B88 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஈஈ.svg | |||
|telucp = 0C08 | |||
|oryacp = 0B08 | |||
|kndacp = 0C88 | |||
|mlymcp = 0D08 | |||
|gujrcp = 0A88 | |||
|gurucp = 0A08 | |||
|brahcp = 11008 |ashokaimg = Brahmi ii.svg | |||
|siddcp = 11583 |siddimg = Siddham ii.svg | |||
|grancp = 11308 | |||
|newacp = 11403 | |||
|bhkscp = 11C03 | |||
|shrdcp = 11186 | |||
|tibtcp = 0F68;ཱི | |||
|mymrcp = 1024 | |||
|lanacp = 1A4E | |||
|lana2cp = 1A66 | |||
|khmrcp = 17A6 | |||
|khmr2cp = 17B8 | |||
|laoocp = 0EB5 | |||
|thaicp = 0E35 | |||
|sinhcp = 0D8A | |||
|cakmcp = 11129 | |||
|ahomcp = 11723 | |||
|diakcp = 11903 | |||
|saurcp = A885 | |||
|chamcp = AA2B | |||
|modicp = 11603 | |||
|nandcp = 119A3 | |||
|gongcp = 11D63 | |||
|kthicp = 11086 | |||
|tirhcp = 11484 | |||
|mteicp = AAEB | |||
|takrcp = 11683 | |||
|dogrcp = 11803 | |||
|khojcp = 1122E | |||
|sindcp = 112B3 | |||
|balicp = 1B08 | |||
|javacp = A987 | |||
|gonmcp = 11D03 | |||
| armiimg = Ayin.svg | |||
| plavaimg = Pallava Ii.svg | |||
| ranjimg = Ranjana ii.svg | |||
}} | |||
==Character encodings of Ī== | |||
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ī in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ī from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]]. | |||
{{Indic encoding |= Ī | |||
|devacp = 0908 |devaimg = Devanagari ii.svg | |||
|bengcp = 0988 |bengimg = Bengali Letter Ii.svg | |||
|tamlcp = 0B88 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-ஈஈ.svg | |||
|telucp = 0C08 | |||
|oryacp = 0B08 | |||
|kndacp = 0C88 | |||
|mlymcp = 0D08 | |||
|gujrcp = 0A88 | |||
|gurucp = 0A08 | |||
|iscii = A7 | |||
|brahcp = 11008 |ashokaimg = Brahmi ii.svg | |||
|siddcp = 11583 |siddimg = Siddham ii.svg | |||
|grancp = 11308 | |||
<!-- |tibtcp = 0F72 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|newacp = 11403 | |||
|bhkscp = 11C03 | |||
|shrdcp = 11186 | |||
|mymrcp = 1024 | |||
|lanacp = 1A4E | |||
<!-- |lana2cp = 1A66 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|khmrcp = 17A6 | |||
<!-- |khmr2cp = 17B8 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |laoocp = 0EB5 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|thaicp = 0E35 | |||
|sinhcp = 0D8A | |||
<!-- |cakmcp = 11129 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |ahomcp = 11723 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|diakcp = 11903 | |||
|saurcp = A885 | |||
<!-- |chamcp = AA2B -- vowel mark --> | |||
|modicp = 11603 | |||
|nandcp = 119A3 | |||
|gongcp = 11D63 | |||
|kthicp = 11086 | |||
|tirhcp = 11484 | |||
<!-- |mteicp = AAEB -- vowel mark --> | |||
|takrcp = 11683 | |||
|dogrcp = 11803 | |||
<!-- |khojcp = 1122E -- vowel mark --> | |||
|sindcp = 112B3 | |||
|balicp = 1B08 | |||
|javacp = A987 | |||
|gonmcp = 11D03 | |||
}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Devanagari_abugida}} | {{Devanagari_abugida}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ii (Indic)}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Ii (Indic)}} | ||
[[Category:Indic letters]] | [[Category:Indic letters]] | ||
Revision as of 07:46, 18 June 2022
Ī is a vowel of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ii is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter 
. As an Indic vowel, Ī comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a vowel sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel.
Āryabhaṭa numeration
Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The ई sign ी was used to modify a consonant's value Template:E, but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself.[1]
Historic Ī
There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Ī as found in standard Brahmi, was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gujarat 
. Like all Brahmic scripts, Tocharian Ī 
has an accompanying vowel mark for modifying a base consonant. In Kharoṣṭhī, the only independent vowel letter is for the inherent A. All other independent vowels, including Ī are indicated with vowel marks added to the letter A.
Brahmi Ii
The Brahmi letter Ī , is probably derived from the altered Aramaic Ayin 
, and is thus related to the modern Latin O and Greek Omicron.[2] Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ī can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.[3] As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.
| Ashoka (3rd-1st c. BCE) |
Girnar (~150 BCE) |
Kushana (~150-250 CE) |
Gujarat (~250 CE) |
Gupta (~350 CE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No sample | No sample | |
No sample |
Tocharian Ī
The Tocharian letter is derived from the Brahmi . Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a Fremdzeichen form.
| Kī | Khī | Gī | Ghī | Cī | Chī | Jī | Jhī | Nyī | Ṭī | Ṭhī | Ḍī | Ḍhī | Ṇī |
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| Tī | Thī | Dī | Dhī | Nī | Pī | Phī | Bī | Bhī | Mī | Yī | Rī | Lī | Vī |
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Kharoṣṭhī Ī
The Kharoṣṭhī letter Ī is indicated with the I vowel mark ._%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%85%D1%96._Kharoshthi_vowel_sign_I.svg){kind=small}
plus the vowel length mark ._%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%85%D1%96._Kharosthi_vowel_length_mark.svg){kind=small}
. As an independent vowel, Ī is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter A ._%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%85%D1%96._Kharoshthi_letter_A.svg){kind=small}
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Devanagari Ī
Ī (ई) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ઈ, and the Modi letter 𑘃.
Devanagari Using Languages
The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, ई is pronounced as [ī]. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.
Bengali Ī
Ī (ঈ) is a vowel of the Bengali abugida. It is derived from the Siddhaṃ letter 
, and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ई.
Bengali Script Using Languages
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, ঈ is pronounced as [ī]. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel.
Gujarati Ī
Ī (ઈ) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Ī , and ultimately the Brahmi letter .
Gujarati-using Languages
The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઈ is pronounced as [ī]. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. In addition to the standard vowel sign, Ī forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant J:
- જ (j) + ઈ (ī) gives the ligature jī:
Javanese Ī
Telugu Ī
Ī (ఈ) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter . It is closely related to the Kannada letter ಈ. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature.
Malayalam Ī
Ī (ഈ) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Grantha letter 
ii. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound.
Odia Ī
Ī (ଈ) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Siddhaṃ letter ii. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia.
Comparison of Ī
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ī, are related as well.
| Comparison of Ī in different scripts |
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Character encodings of Ī
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter Ī in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ī from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII. Template:Indic encoding
References
- ↑ Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 447–450. ISBN 0-471-39340-1.
- ↑ Bühler, Georg (1898). "On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet". archive.org. Karl J. Trübner. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ↑ Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [1]
