| Devanagari | |
|---|---|
| Range | U+0900..U+097F (128 code points) |
| Plane | BMP |
| Scripts | Devanagari (122 char.) Common (2 char.) Inherited (4 char.) |
| Major alphabets | Hindi Sanskrit Marathi Nepali Rajasthani Bhojpuri |
| Assigned | 128 code points |
| Unused | 0 reserved code points |
| Source standards | ISCII |
| Unicode version history | |
| 1.0.0 (1991) | 104 (+104) |
| 4.0 (2003) | 105 (+1) |
| 4.1 (2005) | 106 (+1) |
| 5.0 (2006) | 110 (+4) |
| 5.1 (2008) | 112 (+2) |
| 5.2 (2009) | 117 (+5) |
| 6.0 (2010) | 127 (+10) |
| 7.0 (2014) | 128 (+1) |
| Note: [1][2] | |
Devanagari script is encoded as a Unicode block, encompassing characters essential for writing several Indian languages, including Hindi, Marathi, Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Bodo, Maithili, Sindhi, Nepali, and Sanskrit, among others. Initially, the code points U+0900 to U+0954 were directly derived from the characters A0 to F4 of the 1988 ISCII (Indian Script Code for Information Interchange) standard. Similarly, the Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were also based on their respective ISCII encodings.
Block[edit | edit source]
| Devanagari[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+090x | ऀ | ँ | ं | ः | ऄ | अ | आ | इ | ई | उ | ऊ | ऋ | ऌ | ऍ | ऎ | ए |
| U+091x | ऐ | ऑ | ऒ | ओ | औ | क | ख | ग | घ | ङ | च | छ | ज | झ | ञ | ट |
| U+092x | ठ | ड | ढ | ण | त | थ | द | ध | न | ऩ | प | फ | ब | भ | म | य |
| U+093x | र | ऱ | ल | ळ | ऴ | व | श | ष | स | ह | ऺ | ऻ | ़ | ऽ | ा | ि |
| U+094x | ी | ु | ू | ृ | ॄ | ॅ | ॆ | े | ै | ॉ | ॊ | ो | ौ | ् | ॎ | ॏ |
| U+095x | ॐ | ॑ | ॒ | ॓ | ॔ | ॕ | ॖ | ॗ | क़ | ख़ | ग़ | ज़ | ड़ | ढ़ | फ़ | य़ |
| U+096x | ॠ | ॡ | ॢ | ॣ | । | ॥ | ० | १ | २ | ३ | ४ | ५ | ६ | ७ | ८ | ९ |
| U+097x | ॰ | ॱ | ॲ | ॳ | ॴ | ॵ | ॶ | ॷ | ॸ | ॹ | ॺ | ॻ | ॼ | ॽ | ॾ | ॿ |
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
History[edit | edit source]
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Devanagari block:
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| Version | Final code points[lower-alpha 1] | Count | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0.0 | U+0901..0903, 0905..0939, 093C..094D, 0950..0954, 0958..0970 | 104 | X3L2/90-124 | N667 | "36. 36. Devanagari script", Minutes of SC2/WG2 Meeting 18 in Munich, 1990-11-12 | |
| UTC/1991-056 | Whistler, Ken, Indic Charts: Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam | |||||
| UTC/1991-057 | Whistler, Ken, Indic names list | |||||
| UTC/1991-048B | Whistler, Ken (1991-03-27), "III. L. Walk In proposals", Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple | |||||
| L2/99-235 | Nepali Font Standards - White Paper Version 2 | |||||
| UTC/1999-001 | L2/99-026 | Agenbroad, James E. (1999-01-27), 3.0 Devanagari--Eyelash RA (3rd version) | ||||
| L2/99-046 | Becker, Joe (1999-02-04), Specification of UTC Resolution on Eyelash RA | |||||
| L2/99-234 | N1999 | Proposal for Encoding Nepalese script in the ISO/IEC 10646, 1999-03-05 | ||||
| L2/99-054R | Aliprand, Joan (1999-06-21), "Eyelash RA and Eyelash RA (continued)", Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999 | |||||
| N2055 | Ross, Hugh McGregor (1999-07-29), Comment on Proposal for Nepalese Script | |||||
| L2/00-010 | N2103 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-01-05), "8.5", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 37, Copenhagen, Denmark: 1999-09-13—16 | ||||
| L2/01-303 | Vikas, Om (2001-07-26), Letter from the Government from India on "Draft for Unicode Standard for Indian Scripts" | |||||
| L2/01-304 | Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0, 2001-08-02 | |||||
| L2/01-305 | McGowan, Rick (2001-08-08), Draft UTC Response to L2/01-304, "Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0" | |||||
| L2/01-430R | McGowan, Rick (2001-11-20), UTC Response to L2/01-304, "Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0" | |||||
| L2/02-017 | Whistler, Ken (2002-01-14), Character Properties for avagrahas, etc. | |||||
| L2/02-215 | N2466 | Sato, T. K. (2002-05-15), Status in Nepal on n2055 (UK comment on encoding request for Nepali n1999-Nepal) | ||||
| L2/04-279 | Constable, Peter (2004-06-30), Proposal on Clarification and Consolidation of the Function of ZERO WIDTH JOINER in Indic Scripts | |||||
| L2/04-328 | Leca, Antoine (2004-08-04), Response to Public Review Issue #37 | |||||
| L2/04-418 | Muller, Eric (2004-11-18), "PRI: script specific Indic dandas", Report of the Indic ad-hoc | |||||
| L2/04-361 | Moore, Lisa (2004-11-23), "101-A101", UTC #101 Minutes | |||||
| L2/05-049 | Public Review Issue #59, Disunification of Dandas, 2005-01-28 | |||||
| L2/05-055 | Muller, Eric (2005-01-29), Comments on PRI 59: Script Specific Danda and Double Danda | |||||
| L2/05-147 | Muller, Eric (2005-05-11), Comments on PRI 65: Devanagari Eyelash Ra | |||||
| L2/06-203 | Baums, Stefan (2006-05-14), Latin Dandas | |||||
| L2/06-373 | Proposal for additional character, 2006-11-04 | |||||
| L2/06-398 | Pandey, Anshuman (2006-12-15), Comments on L2/06-373 (addition of 'apostrophe' to Devanagari) | |||||
| L2/08-086 | Danda Guidelines Draft, 2008-01-30 | |||||
| L2/08-118R | N3457 (pdf, doc) | Criteria for the encoding of script-specific dandas, 2008-03-02 | ||||
| L2/08-197 | Representation of Bodo, Dogri and Maithili languages in Unicode Standard, 2008-05-06 | |||||
| L2/08-210 | Lata, Swaran (2008-05-07), Usage examples for Bodo, Dogri, Maithili tone marker | |||||
| L2/09-340 | Sharma, Shriramana (2009-10-09), Request for change of annotation of 0951 Devanagari Stress Sign Udatta | |||||
| L2/09-423 | Sharma, Shriramana (2009-11-01), Request for an annotation for the generic Indic danda-s | |||||
| L2/10-015R | Moore, Lisa (2010-02-09), "Consensus 122-C24", UTC #122 / L2 #219 Minutes, Change the script of U+0970 DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN to Devanagari for Unicode 6.0. | |||||
| L2/10-167 | Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2010-05-05), "4", Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC | |||||
| L2/12-029 | Whistler, Ken (2012-01-26), Error in ScriptExtensions.txt (Takri use of dandas) | |||||
| L2/12-106 | Sharma, Shriramana (2012-03-17), "Generic Indic", Request for editorial updates to various Indic scripts | |||||
| L2/12-147 | Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-04-25), "I. INDIC", Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC | |||||
| L2/12-164 | Sharma, Shriramana (2012-05-02), "Devanagari", Further editorial updates for Indic | |||||
| L2/13-202 | McGowan, Rick (2013-11-01), "Dandas need more scripts in ScriptExtensions.txt", Comments on Public Review Issues (July 30 - Oct 31, 2013) | |||||
| L2/13-224 | Pournader, Roozbeh (2013-11-07), Samples for usage of dandas in Gujarati, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Tamil | |||||
| L2/17-424 | A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-12-08), Changes to ScriptExtensions.txt for Indic characters for Unicode 11.0 | |||||
| L2/18-039 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Cook, Richard (2018-01-19), "ScriptExtensions.txt changes for Indic", Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/18-007 | Moore, Lisa (2018-03-19), "Action item 154-A120", UTC #154 Minutes, Make script extension changes in version 11.0 as documented in section 6B, pages 6-9 of L2/18-039. | |||||
| L2/19-054 | Pournader, Roozbeh (2019-01-11), Feedback on Properties | |||||
| L2/19-047 | Anderson, Deborah; et al. (2019-01-13), "29. PROPERTIES", Recommendations to UTC #158 January 2019 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/19-008 | Moore, Lisa (2019-02-08), "Consensus 158-C21", UTC #158 Minutes, Change the script property of U+0953 DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT and U+0954 DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT from "Devanagari" to "Inherited", for Unicode version 12.0. | |||||
| L2/20-055 | Pournader, Roozbeh (2020-01-16), Proposed sequences for composition exclusions | |||||
| L2/20-015R | Moore, Lisa (2020-05-14), "B.13.1.1 Proposed sequences for composition exclusions", Draft Minutes of UTC Meeting 162 | |||||
| 4.0 | U+0904 | 1 | L2/01-431R[lower-alpha 2] | McGowan, Rick (2001-11-08), Actions for UTC and Editorial Committee in response to L2/01-430R | ||
| L2/01-405R | Moore, Lisa (2001-12-12), "Consensus 89-C19", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Mountain View, November 6-9, 2001, Accept the twelve Indic characters with names and coding positions as documented in L2/01-431R | |||||
| L2/02-117 | N2425 | McGowan, Rick (2002-03-21), Additional Characters for Indic Scripts | ||||
| L2/17-425 | A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-12-08), Request to annotate DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A | |||||
| L2/18-039 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Cook, Richard (2018-01-19), "b. SHORT A", Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/18-115 | Moore, Lisa (2018-05-09), "D.3.2", UTC #155 Minutes | |||||
| 4.1 | U+097D | 1 | L2/02-394 | N2543 | Constable, Peter; Smith, Steve (2002-11-01), Proposal for Encoding Devanagari Glottal Stop | |
| 5.0 | U+097B..097C, 097E..097F | 4 | L2/02-402 | Bhaskararao, Peri (2002-12-20), Comments on Revision of Unicode Standard 3.0 for Devanagari Script | ||
| L2/03-102 | Vikas, Om (2003-03-04), Unicode Standard for Indic Scripts | |||||
| L2/03-101.2 | Proposed Changes in Indic Scripts [Devanagari document], 2003-03-04 | |||||
| L2/05-063 | Vikas, Om (2005-02-07), "Awaiting Updates-Devanagari", Issues in Representation of Indic Scripts in Unicode | |||||
| L2/05-070 | McGowan, Rick (2005-02-09), Indic ad hoc report | |||||
| L2/05-082 | N2934 | Everson, Michael (2005-03-30), Proposal to add four characters for Sindhi to the BMP of the UCS | ||||
| L2/05-026 | Moore, Lisa (2005-05-16), "Scripts - Indic (C.12)", UTC #102 Minutes | |||||
| L2/05-108R | Moore, Lisa (2005-08-26), "Additional Sindhi Characters (C.3)", UTC #103 Minutes | |||||
| L2/05-279 | Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "Motion 105-M3", UTC #105 Minutes | |||||
| N2953 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "7.4.1", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15 | |||||
| 5.1 | U+0971 | 1 | L2/06-137 | N3111, N3125 | Kew, Jonathan; Smith, Steve (2006-04-20), Proposal to encode Devanagari Sign High Spacing Dot | |
| L2/06-108 | Moore, Lisa (2006-05-25), "Devanagari (C.1)", UTC #107 Minutes | |||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.5b", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29 | |||||
| U+0972 | 1 | L2/07-027 | Constable, Peter (2007-01-23), Encoded Representation of Devanagari Candra A | |||
| L2/07-015 | Moore, Lisa (2007-02-08), "Devanagari Candra A (C.18)", UTC #110 Minutes | |||||
| N3249 | Proposal to Encode Devanagari Letter Candra A in the UCS [originally N2809], 2007-04-20 | |||||
| L2/07-133 | Constable, Peter (2007-04-30), Proposal to Encode Devanagari Letter Candra A in the UCS | |||||
| L2/07-268 | N3253 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-07-26), "M50.1", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27 | ||||
| 5.2 | U+0900, 094E, 0955, 0979..097A | 5 | L2/00-155 | Moore, Lisa (2000-05-31), Comments on Encoding Vedic Accents Proposal | ||
| L2/03-066 | New Proposal for Vedic Characters and Symbols, 2003-02-26 | |||||
| L2/03-067 | Joshi, R. K. (2003-02-27), Vedic Code Set; a draft | |||||
| L2/04-398 | Proposal to encode Vedic accents, etc., 2004-11-12 | |||||
| L2/05-228 | Muller, Eric (2005-08-11), Analysis of a TDIL proposal for Vedic | |||||
| L2/06-185 | Proposal for Encoding of Vedic Characters & Symbols in Unicode, 2006-05-10 | |||||
| L2/06-384 | Lata, Swaran (2006-10-25), Letter from T. N. Dharmadhikari in support of Vedic repertoire | |||||
| L2/07-060 | Scharf, Peter (2007-02-02), Vedic Unicode Workshop Report | |||||
| L2/07-095R | N3235R | Everson, Michael; Scharf, Peter; Angot, Michel; Chandrashekar, R.; Hyman, Malcolm; Rosenfield, Susan; Sastry, B. V. Venkatakrishna; Witzel, Michael (2007-04-13), Proposal to encode characters for Vedic Sanskrit in the BMP of the UCS | ||||
| L2/07-230 | N3290 | Everson, Michael; Scharf, Peter; Angot, Michel; Chandrashekar, R.; Hyman, Malcolm; Rosenfield, Susan; Sastry, B. V. Venkatakrishna; Witzel, Michael (2007-07-26), Revised proposal to encode characters for Vedic Sanskrit in the BMP of the UCS | ||||
| L2/07-254 | Bhushan, E. K. Bharat (2007-08-01), Unicode for Vedic Sanskrit (letter to Mark Davis) | |||||
| L2/07-262 | Scharf, Peter (2007-08-07), Outline of the development of WG2/n3290 = L2/07-230 | |||||
| L2/07-271 | Scharf, Peter (2007-08-08), Comparison of proposed characters in Lata 2006 (L2/06-185) with Scharf and Everson WG2/n3290 (L2/07-230) | |||||
| L2/07-272 | Muller, Eric (2007-08-10), "11", Report of the South Asia subcommittee | |||||
| L2/07-396 | Joshi, R. K.; Irani, Alka (2007-10-10), Proposal for Encoding of Vaidika Character and Symbols in Unicode | |||||
| L2/07-386 | Joshi, R. K. (2007-10-17), Comments on Comparison of proposed characters in Lata 2006 (L2/06-185) with Scharf and Everson WG2/n3290 (L2/07-230) | |||||
| L2/07-388 | Joshi, R. K. (2007-10-17), Following observations have been made with reference to the document No. L2/07-095 dated: 2007-04-13 | |||||
| L2/07-343 | N3366 | Everson, Michael; Scharf, Peter; Angot, Michel; Chandrashekar, R.; Hyman, Malcolm; Rosenfield, Susan; Sastry, B. V. Venkatakrishna; Witzel, Michael (2007-10-18), Proposal to encode 55 characters for Vedic Sanskrit in the BMP of the UCS | ||||
| L2/07-394 | Scharf, Peter (2007-10-18), Significant differences between L2/07-230 and L2/07-343 | |||||
| L2/07-395 | Joshi, R. K.; et al. (2007-10-18), Request for feedback on draft proposal for encoding Vaidika characters and symbols in Unicode | |||||
| L2/07-397 | Joshi, R. K.; et al. (2007-10-18), Vaidika Vowels and Consonants | |||||
| L2/07-400 | Scharf, Peter (2007-10-18), Comments on R. K. Joshi's documents L2/07-386 and L2/07-388 | |||||
| L2/07-401 | Scharf, Peter (2007-10-18), Equivalences between L2/07-396 and L2/07-343 | |||||
| L2/07-345 | Moore, Lisa (2007-10-25), "Consensus 113-C19", UTC #113 Minutes | |||||
| L2/08-035 | Scharf, Peter; Rosenfield, Susan J. (2008-01-22), Vedic Revisions 2008 Jan 14, Revisions to N3366 = L2/07-343 | |||||
| L2/08-042 | Joshi, R. K. (2008-01-23), Proposal for Encoding of Vaidika Characters & Symbols in Unicode | |||||
| L2/08-043 | Joshi, R. K. (2008-01-28), Vaidika Extensions A & B (Vedic evidence to accompany L2/08-042) | |||||
| L2/08-092 | N3385 | Everson, Michael; Scharf, Peter (2008-01-31), Comparison between two Vedic proposals of January 2008 | ||||
| L2/08-097 | Amendments to L2/08-042, L2/08-043, 2008-01-31 | |||||
| L2/08-050R | N3383R | Everson, Michael; Scharf, Peter (2008-03-06), Summary proposal to encode characters for Vedic in the BMP of the UCS | ||||
| L2/08-096 | Joshi, R. K. (2008-02-02), Comparison of L2/08-042 and L2/08-050 | |||||
| L2/08-110 | Muller, Eric (2008-02-08), South Asia Subcommittee Report | |||||
| L2/08-003 | Moore, Lisa (2008-02-14), "Vedic", UTC #114 Minutes | |||||
| L2/08-176 | N3456R | Anderson, Deborah (2008-04-18), Summary of Vedic Characters based on N3385, N3383R, and the Unicode Pipeline | ||||
| L2/08-196 | Proposal for Encoding of Vaidika Sanskrit Characters & Symbols in the BMP of UCS, 2008-05-05 | |||||
| L2/08-216 | Scharf, Peter (2008-05-08), Comments on L2/08-196 regarding the encoding of Sanskrit and Vedic | |||||
| L2/08-294 | Scharf, Peter (2008-08-06), Placement of characters in Vedic, Devanagari, and Devanagari Extended blocks | |||||
| L2/08-317 | Muller, Eric (2008-08-11), "1.1", South Asia Subcommittee Report | |||||
| L2/08-318 | N3453 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2008-08-13), "M52.18", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 52 | ||||
| L2/08-253R2 | Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Vedic (B.15.2, E.1)", UTC #116 Minutes | |||||
| L2/08-273R3 | N3488R3 | Everson, Michael; Scharf, Peter (2008-08-21), Proposal to encode two characters for Vedic in the UCS | ||||
| L2/08-412 | N3553 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2008-11-05), "M53.03", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 53 | ||||
| L2/09-067 | Lata, Swaran (2009-01-28), Encoding of Vaidika Sanskrit Characters & Symbols in the BMP of UCS | |||||
| 6.0 | U+093A..093B, 094F, 0956..0957, 0973..0977 | 10 | L2/08-250 | N3480 | Everson, Michael; Satpute, Pravin (2006-07-03), Proposal to add four characters for Kashmiri to the BMP | |
| L2/09-012 | Lata, Swaran (2009-01-07), Encoding of additional characters in Unicode for representation of Kashmiri | |||||
| L2/09-311 | Lata, Swaran (2009-08-11), Letter from Swaran Lata re Kashmiri Additions to Devanagari | |||||
| L2/09-389 | N3731 | Everson, Michael (2009-09-18), Consensus on Kashmiri additions for Devanagari | ||||
| L2/09-369 | N3710 | Proposal to add Six characters in the Devanagari block for representation of Kashmiri language in Devanagari script, 2009-10-14 | ||||
| L2/09-377 | N3725 | Pandey, Anshuman (2009-10-26), Comments on India's Proposal to Add Devanagari Characters for Kashmiri (N3710 L2/09-369) | ||||
| N3703 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2010-04-13), "M55.7", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting no. 55, Tokyo 2009-10-26/30 | |||||
| L2/09-403 | Pandey, Anshuman (2009-11-01), Comments on 'Consensus on Kashmiri additions for Devanagari' (N3727 L2/09-389) | |||||
| L2/09-335R | Moore, Lisa (2009-11-10), "Consensus 121-C15", UTC #121 / L2 #218 Minutes | |||||
| 7.0 | U+0978 | 1 | L2/11-042 | Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2011-02-02), "3. Devanagari DDA", Review of Indic related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC | ||
| L2/11-016 | Moore, Lisa (2011-02-15), "D.3.2", UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes | |||||
| L2/10-475R | N3970 | Pandey, Anshuman (2011-05-23), Proposal to Encode the Marwari Letter DDA for Devanagari | ||||
| N4103 | "11.2.13 Marwari Letter DDA in Devanagari", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58, 2012-01-03 | |||||
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ↑ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.