Vakulabharanam: Difference between revisions

Vakulabharanam
Arohanam	S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S
Equivalent	Phrygian dominant scale

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Latest revision as of 19:22, 30 June 2022

Vakulabharanam (pronounced vakuḷābharaṇam) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 14th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Dhātivasantabhairavi^[1]^[2] or Vātivasantabhairavi^[3] in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana[edit | edit source]

*Vakulabharanam* scale with *shadjam* at C

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 3rd chakra Agni. The mnemonic name is Agni-Sri. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu ma pa dha ni.^[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ^{[lower-alpha 1]}
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham are the swaras used in this scale. As this scale is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Nāmanārāyaṇi, which is the 50th melakarta scale.^[4]

Asampurna Melakarta[edit | edit source]

Vātivasantabhairavi is the 14th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the descending scale has notes used in zig-zag manner (vakra prayoga).^[5]

ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ^{[lower-alpha 3]}
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₂ D₁ M₁ G₃ M₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S^{[lower-alpha 4]}

Janya rāgams[edit | edit source]

Vakulabharanam has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Vasantabhairavi is heard occasionally in concerts. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Vakulabharanam.

Compositions[edit | edit source]

Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Vakulabharanam.

Gowrinatham by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi
Ye ramuni nammitino by Thyagaraja
Nambinen ayya by Koteeswara Iyer
Rama namamai by Mysore Vasudevachar
KumĀruni valenu kĀvavĒ by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Saadhu tada, a composition by Maharaja Swati Tirunal of Travancore, tuned by Prince Rama Varma.
Paripaahimaam siddhivinayaka by Mysuru Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar

Film Songs[edit | edit source]

Language:Tamil[edit | edit source]

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Ninaithen Vanthai	Kaavalkaaran	M. S. Viswanathan	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Pattathu Rani	Sivandha Mann		L. R. Eswari
Thuluvadho Ilamai	Kudiyirundha Koyil		T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari
Naam Oruvarai Oruvar	Kumari Kottam		T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari
Sambo Sivasambo	Ninaithale Inikkum		M. S. Viswanathan
Kinnaththil Then	Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu	Illayaraja	K.J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Aarum Athu Aalam Illa	Muthal Vasantham		Illayaraja
Aasai Nooruvagai	Adutha Varisu		Malaysia Vasudevan
Oru Thendral	Pudhumai Penn		Malaysia Vasudevan
Pachondiyyeh Kelada	Andha Oru Nimidam		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Thai Pongalum Vandhadhu	Mahanadi		K.S. Chitra
Pangunikkappuram Sithiraiye	Vanna Vanna Pookkal		K.S. Chitra
Unakkum Enakkum	Sri Raghavendrar		Malaysia Vasudevan, S. Janaki
Jigan Jinakku	Veetla Visheshanga		Swarnalatha
Pitchai Paathiram	Naan Kadavul		Madhu Balakrishnan
Nethurathiri Yemma	Sakalakala Vallavan		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Chekka Chekka Sevantha	Vallarasu	Deva	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Ada Moondrezhuthu	Paarthale Paravasam	A. R. Rahman	Karthik, Harini
Enuyire	Uyire		Srinivas, Kavita Krishnamurthy
Oh Nanba	Lingaa		S.P.Balasubramanyam, Aaryan Dinesh Kanagaratnam
Mayya Mayya	Guru		Maryem Tollar, Chinmayi & Keerthi Sagathia
Naan Aalana Thamarai	Idhu Namma Aalu	K. Bhagyaraj	S. Janaki
En Kannai	Bala	Yuvan Shankar Raja	Shankar Mahadevan
Thottu Thottu	Kaadhal Kondein		Harish Raghavendra
Shaheeba Shaheeba	Daas		Hariharan, Sujatha Mohan
Vilaiyaadu Mankatha	Mankatha		Ranjith, Yuvan Shankar Raja,Anitha Karthikeyan, Premgi Amaren, Rita
Vathikuchi Pathikadhuda	Dheena		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Enga Poi Solluven	Kudaikul Mazhai	Karthik Raja	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Dilruba Dilruba	Priyam	Vidyasagar	Gopal Rao, Anuradha Sriram
Aai Shabba	Karnaa		Mano, Swarnalatha
Yelai Imayamalai	Thavasi		Manickka Vinayakam
Ava Kannapaatha	Charlie Chaplin	Bharani	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Harish Raghavendra
Megam Mazhai Thooral Poduthu	En Mamanukku Nalla Manasu	Sirpy	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Uma Ramanan
Megangal Ennai Thottu	Amarkalam	Bharadwaj	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Theeye Theeye	Maattrraan	Harris Jayaraj	Franco Simon, Charulatha Mani, Sathyan, Aalap Raju, Suchitra

Language:Hindi[edit | edit source]

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Gulaabi Aankhein	The Train (1970 film)	R D Burman	Mohammad Rafi

Related rāgams[edit | edit source]

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Vakulabharanam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 major melakarta rāgams, namely Keeravani and Hemavati along with 1 minor melakarta rāgam Kosalam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Keeravani.

Vakulabharanam corresponds to Phrygian dominant scale in Western music.

Notes[edit | edit source]

↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C
↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G Ṟ S
- Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C
↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C
↑
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G M P M G Ṟ S
- Western: C B♭ A♭ F E F G F E D♭ C

References[edit | edit source]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
↑ Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
↑ Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A. Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai, India
↑ S, Aravind. "Vakulabharanam, Pathos bounding at just 14". Melakartha Melodies.
↑ Shree Muthuswami Dikshitar Keerthanaigal, by A Sundaram Iyer, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai

[4] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[2] Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ

[3] Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[5] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G Ṟ S
Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C

[5] Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G Ṟ S

[6] Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E D♭ C

[8] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[8] Hindustani: S Ṟ G M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ

[9] Western: C D♭ E F G A♭ B♭ C

[9] Alternate notations:
Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G M P M G Ṟ S
Western: C B♭ A♭ F E F G F E D♭ C

[11] Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ M G M P M G Ṟ S

[12] Western: C B♭ A♭ F E F G F E D♭ C

[ragas-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications

[raganidhi-2] Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

[3] Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A. Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai, India

[6] S, Aravind. "Vakulabharanam, Pathos bounding at just 14". Melakartha Melodies.

[dikshitar-7] Shree Muthuswami Dikshitar Keerthanaigal, by A Sundaram Iyer, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai

[1]

[2]

[3]

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[4]

[5]

[lower-alpha 3]

[lower-alpha 4]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 [[Image:Vakulabharanam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Vakulabharanam'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]
-It is the 2nd rāgam in the 3rd ''chakra Agni''. The mnemonic name is ''Agni-Sri''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gu ma pa dha ni''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):
+It is the 2nd rāgam in the 3rd ''chakra Agni''. The mnemonic name is ''Agni-Sri''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gu ma pa dha ni''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):
 *[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R1|G3|M1|P|D1|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
 *[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|P|M1|G3|R1|S|foot=yes}}
-''Shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' are the ''swaras'' used in this scale. As this scale is a ''melakarta'' rāgam, by definition it is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampoorna'' rāgam]] (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Namanarayani|{{IAST|Nāmanārāyaṇi}}]]'', which is the 50th ''melakarta'' scale.<ref>{{cite web |last1=S |first1=Aravind |title=Vakulabharanam, Pathos bounding at just 14 |url=https://melakartamelodies.blogspot.com/2021/03/vakulabharanam-pathos-bounding-at-just.html |website=Melakartha Melodies |ref=4}}</ref>
+''Shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''[[kaisiki nishadham]]'' are the ''swaras'' used in this scale. As this scale is a ''melakarta'' rāgam, by definition it is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampoorna'' rāgam]] (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Namanarayani|{{IAST|Nāmanārāyaṇi}}]]'', which is the 50th ''melakarta'' scale.<ref>{{cite web |last1=S |first1=Aravind |title=Vakulabharanam, Pathos bounding at just 14 |url=https://melakartamelodies.blogspot.com/2021/03/vakulabharanam-pathos-bounding-at-just.html |website=Melakartha Melodies |ref=4}}</ref>
 == Asampurna Melakarta ==
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 |-
 |Naam Oruvarai Oruvar
-|[[Ragasiya Police 115]]
+|[[Kumari Kottam]]
 |-
 |Sambo Sivasambo
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 |-
 |Nethurathiri Yemma
-|[[Sakalakala Vallavan]]
+|[[Sakalakala Vallavan (1982 film)|Sakalakala Vallavan]]
 |rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
 |-
@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 |[[Sirpy]]
 |[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
+|-
+|Megangal Ennai Thottu
+|[[Amarkalam]]
+|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
+|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
 |-
 |Theeye Theeye
@@ Line 195: / Line 200: @@
 |[[Harris Jayaraj]]
 |Franco Simon, [[Charulatha Mani]], [[Sathyan (singer)|Sathyan]], [[Aalap Raju]], [[Suchitra]]
+|}
+=== Language:[[Hindi language|Hindi]] ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+!Song
+!Movie
+!Composer
+!Singer
+|-
+|Gulaabi Aankhein
+|[[The Train (1970 film)]]
+|[[R D Burman]]
+|[[Mohammad Rafi]]
 |}
@@ Line 200: / Line 218: @@
 This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
-''Vakulabharanam's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 2 major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely ''[[Keeravani]]'' and ''[[Hemavati (ragam)|Hemavati]]'' along with 1 minor ''melakarta'' rāgam ''[[Kosalam]]''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Keeravani|Graha bhedam on Keeravani]]''.
+''Vakulabharanam's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 2 major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely ''[[Keeravani]]'' and ''[[Hemavati (ragam)|Hemavati]]'' along with 1 minor ''melakarta'' rāgam ''[[Kosalam]]''. For further details and an illustration refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Keeravani|Graha bhedam on Keeravani]]''.
 Vakulabharanam corresponds to [[Phrygian dominant scale]] in Western music.

v t e Janya ragas
A-B	Abheri Abhogi Ahiri Amritavarshini Anandabhairavi Andolika Arabhi Asaveri Atana Bageshri Bahudari Bhairavi Bhupalam Bilahari Bowli
D-J	Darbar Darbari Kanada Devagandhari Dhanyasi Gambhiranata Garudadhvani Gaula Hamsadhvani Hamsanadam Hamsanandi Hindolam Jana Ranjani Jaunpuri
K-L	Kalyanavasantam Kambhoji Kāpi Karnataka Shuddha Saveri Kedaragaula Kedaram Khamas Lavangi
M	Madhuvanti Madhyamavati Malahari Malayamarutam Mohanakalyani Mohanam Mukhari
N-R	Nagasvaravali Nata Nattakurinji Navarasa kannada Niroshta Patmanjiri Pharaju Poornachandrika Punnagavarali Ranjani Reethigowla Revagupti Revati
S	Sahana Salaga Bhairavi Saramati Saveri Shivaranjani Shree ragam Shree ranjani Shuddha Saveri Sindhu Bhairavi Sunadavinodini
T-V	Tilang Udayaravichandrika (Shuddha Dhanyasi) Valaji Varali Vasantha Yadukulakamboji Yamunakalyani
Carnatic music Swaras Melakarta ragas Asampurna Melakarta ragas List of Janya ragas