Transport in Kochi: Difference between revisions

Transport in Kochi
Overview
Locale	Kochi and surrounding regions
Transit type	Rapid transit, commuter rail, buses, private automobile, water metro, Taxicab, bicycle, pedestrian

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Latest revision as of 04:46, 29 June 2022

Kochi (pronunciation (help·info); Malayalam: കൊച്ചി Kochi, formerly known as Cochin) is a major port city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city is widely known as the commercial or economic capital of the state of Kerala.

The road infrastructure in Kochi has not been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence traffic congestion is a major problem in the city. A comprehensive transport development plan has been included in the Kochi Masterplan hoping to improve the transport infrastructure. Kochi Metro, the rapid transit system for the city was inaugurated on 17 June 2017. A Suburban Railway system, intended to considerably ease congestion, is also to be built in the near future.^[1] Kochi bagged the city with most sustainable transport system award instituted by the Union ministry of housing and urban affairs in 2021.^[2]

Roads[edit | edit source]

Most roads in Kochi are under the control of the city corporation, State PWD and National Highway Authority. Many roads in the city follow a North-South direction with two East-West corridors.

A panoramic view of Vyttila Mobility Hub

Highways[edit | edit source]

Kochi is part of the North-South Corridor of India's National Highway System via the NH 47.^[3]^[4] NH 66, the seventh longest highway in India,^[5] connects Kochi with Mumbai, via Kozhikode and Mangalore on the western coast of India. The NH 47 originating from Salem connects Kochi with cities like Coimbatore via Thrissur and Palakkad and also connects with state capital Thiruvananthapuram and terminates at Kanyakumari. NH 49 is another highway, connecting Kochi with Dhanushkodi in Tamil Nadu via Munnar and Madurai. Two smaller national highways, NH 47A connecting to Willingdon Island and NH 47C, connecting NH 47 to Vallarpadom from Kalamassery. NH 47 has a 17-kilometre-long (11 mi) bypass road connecting Aroor to Edappally junction. The city is also connected with several state highways like SH 15, SH 16, SH 41, SH 63, SH 66. The state government has constructed an expressway called Seaport-Airport Road running parallel to NH 47 bypass road at Maradu junction to Kalamasserry junction. Phase II, proposed an alternative road to directly to Airport. A second 2-kilometre-long (1.2 mi) four-lane road called Infopark Expressway has been constructed from Airport-Seaport road to Infopark, which is planned to develop into a 15-kilometre-long (9.3 mi) east–west corridor in the future^{[citation needed]}. The ever-increasing traffic congestion has necessitated the construction of flyovers at many key junctions on the national highways in Kochi. The works on Edapally flyover has commenced^[6] and a flyover at Palarivattom junction has also been sanctioned^[7]

City roads[edit | edit source]

Railway Over Bridge Ernakulam (Salim Rajan Over Bridge)

Mahatma Gandhi Road is a 4-kilometre-long (2.5 mi) arterial road and commercial high street in Kochi alongside which lies the CBD of the city. The 8.2-kilometre-long (5.1 mi) Chittoor Road is the oldest arterial road that connects the city to northern suburbs like Chittoor, Panchalam and Vaduthala. Another major arterial road is the 1.5-kilometre-long (0.93 mi) Marine Drive Road which extends southward as Park Avenue and Foreshore Roads and northward as the Marine drive bay road. The youngest arterial road is the 3.2-kilometre-long (2.0 mi) Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road, constructed in 2002 as an effort to reduce congestion at MG Road and Chitoor Road and provide an alternative for commuters to reach the major southern junction of Kadavanthra from the northern junction of Kaloor. The city has only 2 east–west corridors, creating one of the most congested traffic at the stretch. The 4-kilometre-long (2.5 mi) Sahodharan Ayyappan Road, the busiest and second most important arterial road connects MG Road to Kochi Bypass Road at Vytilla Junction at the southern side and the 5-kilometre-long (3.1 mi) Kaloor Road connects Banerjee Road to NH 47 at Edappally Junction. The 17 km (11 mi) stretch of Edapally - Aroor bypass road has turned out to be an important arterial road in Kochi^[8] . A third east–west corridor is planned connecting MG Road with NH 47 known as Pullepady-Thammanam road, for which first phase has started with construction of Pullepady Rail-Over Bridge^{[citation needed]}.

The main railway line cut Ernakulam city into 2 halves which are interconnected with three rail-over bridges (ROBs), which are one of the major bottlenecks due to being narrow bridges.

Fort Kochi has the maximum number of roads, mostly narrow in nature, due to presence of several heritage properties and thickly populated areas. Indira Gandhi Road is the main arterial road in Willingdon island that runs parallel to western coastal side of the island connecting Ernakulam Wharf with NH 47A.

Public transport[edit | edit source]

For transport within the city, buses and taxis are available throughout the day. The city has a very fast and efficient bus transport system^{[citation needed]}, mainly dominated by private operators, known as Red-Buses. The red buses offer no-frills travel within the city, forming a major backbone of public transport. However the reckless driving and competitive tendency among red-buses has been heavily criticised by the public. Despite its mounting public criticism on reckless driving, the punctuality and reliability of services often silence the critics to a great extent.

Mayor Soumini Jain and MLA Hibi Eden are planning to join hands with a city-based think tank, Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR) to promote public transport systems. CPPR has come up with one-year programme that aims to promote public transport with a research to quantify its impact. The programme will commence in October 2017.^[9]

In 2010, the state public transport company, KSRTC started city services due to frequent complaints against red-buses, which has been praised for its efficient and controlled services. KSRTC operates two classes of service: a basic no-frills service known as Thiru-Kochi which has the same fare system as the red-buses. These buses are distinguishable by their blue-white livery and are JNNURM funded transport services. The JNNURM transport services operated by KSRTC offer premium air-conditioned low-floor bus services known as Orange Buses and non-air conditioned semi low floor buses known as Yellow Buses. Both the buses connect the central business district areas of Kochi with the nearby suburbs. Currently these premium bus services are available as per the schedule published by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation. The URL is:http://www.keralartc.com/html/JnNURM-KOCHI-TimeTable.doc. At present, 630 intra-buses are authorised to operate inside the city. The city also caters to nearly 2100 long-distance private buses, which include 466 inter-city state buses.^[10]

Most of the buses run primarily on four major routes, known as the Big 4 routes^{[citation needed]}, though there are 160 official authorised routes to operate connecting 60 destinations in the city and nearby suburbs. The most popular route is the Aluva-Fort Kochi Route, which covers almost all the city areas. There is no routing numbering system, rather all buses carry destination boards with important bus stops marked below.

The city has primarily four major bus stations:

Kaloor Bus station which is a major terminus used by privately operated long-distance buses and local red-buses. It is also a major stop for private mofussil services.
KSRTC Central Bus Station in the south, which is exclusively operated by KSRTC inter-state/inter-city buses. Buses of neighbouring state transport corporations also operates their services from this bus station.
KSRTC Jetty Station, located near Central Boat Jetty in Park Avenue, is used by KSRTC city and short distance services.
Fort Kochi Bus Terminus, located near Fort Kochi beach, is a major bus station for both private and KSRTC City services.

To ease congestion within the city limits, a large integrated public transport terminus is planned at Vytilla known as Integrated Mobility Hub,^[11] which will act as a converging point for various modes of public transportation like intra-city and long distance buses, metro rail and boat services. The first phase of the mobility hub has been completed and commissioned in February 2011.^[12]^[13] The Mobility Hub plans to provide space for 170 buses, 2000 car bays, 50 inter-state buses parking bays, 5,000 two- and three-wheeler parking bays and a boat jetty with 3 piers for providing water ferry transport. The Vyttila station of the Kochi Metro will also be situated at the hub. A shopping mall and commercial towers are planned in the second phase to sustain with additional revenues^{[citation needed]}.

On-street Taxi cabs are rare but can be easily hired from taxi stands located all over the city. Popular online taxi aggregation apps like Uber, Ola Cabs and others operate ride hailing services for taxi's and auto rickshaws. Auto rickshaws can also be hailed on the street.

Like many other cities, two-wheeler vehicles like motor bikes, scooters, cycles contribute 35% of the vehicle population in the city, which is extremely popularly among the locals. Kochi being a major financial and commercial center, there is a sharp rise in private vehicles plying on the city roads thereby contributing to road congestion.

Kochi Port[edit | edit source]

Being one of the safest harbours in the Arabian Sea, Kochi ranks among India's major seaports.^[14] It is the first transshipment terminal in India. The port, administered by a statutory autonomous body known as the Cochin Port Trust, offers facilities like berths for handling cargo and passenger ships, cargo handling equipment, storage accommodation, dry dock, bunkering facilities, and a fisheries harbour. Cochin Port regularly handles various international passenger cruisers. As of 2019, Spectrum of the Seas, is the largest passenger cruiser to call at Kochi.^[15] Kochi is the first home port in India to operate international cruises. The service was started in December 2009 and was operated by Louis Cruises with regular trips to Maldives and Sri Lanka.^[16]

A container transshipment facility, known as International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi has been commissioned at Vallarpadom. Being constructed in three stages, the first phase of the terminal was commissioned on 11 Feb 2011. This can handle cargo up to one million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) per annum. On completion of the third phase, the terminal will be able to handle 4 million TEUs of cargo per annum. The terminal is presently being operated by the Dubai Ports World (DPW), which will operate it for 30-years after which the control will come back to the Cochin Port Trust.

The Kochi International Marina is a marina in the city of Kochi. It is located in the eastern coast of the Bolgatty Island in the premises of the Bolgatty Palace, a 'heritage hotel'. The Kochi Marina is the only marina in India.^[17] It is owned by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation.^[18] The marina provides berthing facility for yachts and also offers services like fuel, water, electricity and sewage pump-outs for boats. The marina is close to the international maritime route at the south west coast of the Indian Peninsula, with favourable conditions and minimum tidal variations throughout the year.

Airports[edit | edit source]

Outside view of the Cochin International Airport at Nedumbassery.

Kochi has an international airport, known as the Cochin International Airport (IATA: COK, ICAO: VOCI), which is about 25 km north of the city. Unlike most Indian airports (which are controlled by the Airports Authority of India), Kochi airport is owned by Cochin International Airport Limited, a public limited company owned by a large number of Non Resident Indians, major Indian corporations, and the government of Kerala (which holds a majority interest). It is thus the first international airport in India built without Central Government funds.^[19] Having a 3,400-metre runway, one of the largest in Asia, the airport is equipped to operate any type of aircraft. It currently is the fourth busiest International airport in India.^[20] Currently in expansion mode, the airport has been made ready to accommodate the super jumbo Airbus 380. The Airport is connected with most of the cities in the Middle-East and South East Asia with nearly sixteen international flight carriers operating to the city. Apart from this, the city is well connected to all major metros and cities of India with seven domestic carriers operating nationwide air services. On August 18, 2015, it became the world's first fully solar energy powered airport with the inauguration of the dedicated solar plant.^[21]^[22]

The city has a second airport, INS Garuda, operated by the Indian Navy, whose southern headquarters is located in Kochi.^[23] Commissioned on 11 May 1953, it is the oldest operating air station of the Indian Navy. This airport is however not open to the public, and is solely used by the navy and by important government dignitaries visiting the city.

Ferry[edit | edit source]

Apart from international cruises, domestic ferry and cruises operate in Kochi. Regular inter-island boat services operated by Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation (KSINC), the state Water Transport Authority, and of private ownership are available from the High Court Jetty and the Ernakulam Central jetty at Park Avenue to various places. The Junkar ferry for the transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the various islands are operated between Ernakulam and Vypin, and between Vypin and Fort Kochi. However, construction of the Goshree bridges (which links Kochi's various islands) has made ferry transport less important. Backwaters cruises are one of the most important tourist activities in the city. KSINC operates large luxury cruise vessel called Sagar-Rani for high seas cruise parties. Apart from KSINC, numerous of private operators provide private cruise vessels for short leisure trips across the backwaters.

Kochi Metro Rail Limited (KMRL) has also launched boat services between Vyttila and Kakkanad as "City Water Bus" recently. The service is expected to be extended to more areas like Thevara soon.

Railways[edit | edit source]

At present, there is no intra-city rail transport system in Kochi. The inter-city rail transport system in the city is administered by the Southern Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. The major railway stations in Kochi metropolitan area are – Ernakulam Junction, Aluva, and Ernakulam Town, followed by less busier stations at Tripunithura and Angamaly and passenger halt stations at Edappally and Kalamassery. The South Railway Station is one of the busiest railway stations in South India, with more than 128 scheduled train services daily.^[24] The Junction Railway station currently has six platforms with two terminal gates. The main terminal located on the western side is the older structure, constructed in 1932. A food plaza and reservation counter are located on the west side. The East terminal is a new structure, constructed by GCDA, as a counter-measure to reduce traffic congestion on the South Rail-Over Bridge, by allowing passengers from the eastern side to access the east gate. However the terminal is not fully open to the public.

The North Railway Station is another station situated in the northern side of the city, mainly catering to long-distance services that bypass the Ernakulam Junction, and also as an additional halt station for many trains. A larger terminal in north has been opened to the public as of 27 November 2010.^[25] Cochin Harbour Terminus located in the Willingdon island is the third railway station in the city, though it has been closed down temporarily. Cochin Harbour Terminus is a heritage structure constructed by the British in 1946. Due to the presence of a few cracks on the Venduruthy Railway bridge connecting the mainland with the Willingdon island, the service to this station was temporarily suspended. Work on a new railway line has commenced and the station will be reopened soon. Edapally Railway Station is a smaller halt station for passenger services and a few express trains. The major stations at Aluva and Thripunithura and the halting station at Kalamassery, serves the outskirts of the city and the surrounding metropolitan area.

There is a historic station named as Ernakulam Terminus (station code ERG) situated behind the High Court. Great personalities like Mahatma Gandhi and The Viceroy have visited Cochin through this old majestic railway station. Ernakulam Terminus was the first station to serve the city but had to be abandoned in the early 60's. Now, Southern Railway plans to renovate the station into the central station for the city and for proposed suburban railway system, because the pressure on the Ernakulam Junction railway station has been increasing.^[26]

In addition, the Southern Railway is set to start a suburban railway system in Ernakulam, connecting nearby towns and cities by introducing MEMU services. The first MEMU line between Ernakulam and Kollam was opened in 2012^[27] and a second one between Ernakulam and Palakkad was started in 2013^[28] Other MEMU lines under consideration include Thrissur-Ernakulam and Ernakulam-Kottayam corridors for which work is underway.

Kochi Metro Rail[edit | edit source]

A rapid transit system, intended to considerably ease congestion was opened to public on 17 June 2017 by Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India. At present, 21 stations from Aluva to Thaikoodam are active. The first phase will serve a distance of 28 km with a total of 25 stations. The first phase is being set up at an estimated cost of INR5181 crore (US$790 million). Recently, KMRL (Kochi Metro Rail Limited) has decided to extend the project to Tripunithura in the first phase itself. DMRC has started with the preliminary works such as widening of roads. It has also been decided that DMRC will build an INR135 crore (US$21 million) flyover at Edappally to ease the traffic congestion.^[29] In phase I, an elevated route is proposed, spanning 25 km from Aluva to Petta with 22 stations.^[30]

The 11.2-km Phase-II will be from Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium at Kaloor to Infopark via Kakkanad at an estimated cost of Rs.2,017.46 crore.^[31]

#	Station name^[32]	Chainage (km)	Distance from previous station (km)	Platform type	Alignment description^[33]
1	Aluva	0.098	0	Side	On 1000 metres curve
2	Pulinchodu	1.827	1.729	Side	Curved
3	Companypady	2.796	0.969	Side	Straight
4	Ambattukavu	3.779	0.984	Side	Straight
5	Muttom	4.716	0.937	Side & Island	Straight Curved
6	Kalamassery	6.768	2.052	Side	Straight
7	Cochin University	8.147	1.379	Side	Straight
8	Pathadipalam	9.394	1.247	Side	Straight
9	Edapally	10.787	1.393	Side	Straight
10	Changampuzha Park	12.088	1.300	Side	Straight
11	Palarivatom	13.096	1.008	Side	Straight
12	J. L. N. Stadium	14.217	1.121	Side	Straight
13	Kaloor	15.250	1.033	Side	Straight
14	Town Hall	15.723	0.473	Side	Curved
15	M. G. Road	16.926	1.203	Side	Straight
16	Maharaja's College	18.100	1.173	Side	Curved
17	Ernakulam South	18.956	0.856	Side	Straight
18	Kadavanthra	20.141	1.185	Side	Straight
19	Elamkulam	21.295	1.155	Side	Straight
20	Vyttila	22.734	1.439	Side	Straight
21	Thykoodam	23.758	1.024	Side	Straight
22	Petta	24.941	1.183	Side	Straight
23	Vadakkekotta			Side	Straight
24	SN Junction			Side	Straight
25	Tripunithura railway station			Side	Straight

Distance from Kochi to major cities/towns & tourist centres[edit | edit source]

City/Town	Distance (km)	City/Town	Distance (km)	City/Town	Distance (km)	City/Town	Distance (km)	City/Town	Distance (km)
Ahmedabad	1881	Kanyakumari	307	Madurai	270	Panaji (Goa)	842	Tirupati	730
Alapuzha	63	Kannur	264	Malampuzha	153	Sabarimala	211	Tuticorin	304
Bangalore	533	Kodaikanal	330	Mangalore	439	Salem	358	Varanasi	2312
Chennai	684	Kolkata	2360	Mumbai	1384	Thekkady	190	Visakhapatnam
Coimbatore	202	Kollam	150	Munnar	130	Thiruvananthapuram	221	Mysore
Delhi	2594	Kottayam	63	Mysore	397	Thrissur	79	Patna
Guruvayoor	85	Kozhikode	172	Ooty	281		135	Tirur	395
Hyderabad	1095	Kumarakom	77	Palakkad	163	Thirunelveli	286	Tiruchirappalli (Trichy, Tiruchi)	395

References[edit | edit source]

↑ "Kochi Metro Rail". The New Indian Express. 9 May 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
↑ "Kochi city wins national honour | Kochi News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. 25 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
↑ "NS&EW Corridor Map". National Highway Authority of India. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
↑ "NS&EW Corridor Chainage Chart". National Highway Authority of India. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
↑ "National Highways and Their Length". Government of India, Ministry of Highways. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
↑ TNN Oct 11, 2013, 02.08AM IST (11 October 2013). "Edappally flyover: On your mark ..." The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ TNN Nov 7, 2013, 02.43AM IST (7 November 2013). "Palarivattom Junction flyover: Administrative sanction at last". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ "kochi-seeding-a-city". mtpsnyder. 13 November 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
↑ Greeshma Gopal Giri (11 September 2017). "Corporation to focus on public transport". Times of India.
↑ www.um-smart.org http://www.um-smart.org/project_research/Kochi.pdf. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ The Hindu Business Line : Stone laid for Vytilla mobility hub project Archived 14 December 2010 at WebCite
↑ The New Indian Express First phase of Vyttila Mobility Hub opened
↑ The Hindu 'First phase of Vytilla mobility hub commissioned'
↑ "Trade with India – major ports in India". National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
↑ "'Spectrum of the Seas' docks with 4000 tourists". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
↑ Kochi Port is the first international cruise home port in India | Kochi Cochin News Archived 25 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
↑ "India's lone Marina". Retrieved 10 December 2015.
↑ "Kochi International Marina". Retrieved 12 December 2010.
↑ "A novel venture in the history of Indian Aviation". Cochin International Airport. Archived from the original on 23 May 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2006.
↑ "Traffic Trends". Airports Authority of India. 2006. Government of India.
↑ "Cochin International Airport set to become worlds's first fully solar powered major airport". LiveMint. Kochi, India. 18 August 2015.
↑ "How is the world's first solar powered airport faring?". BBC News. 9 October 2015.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ Ernakulam Junction (South)/ERS Railway Station - Today's Train Arrival Timings - All Trains - India Rail Info - Database of Indian Railways Trains & Stations Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑ The Hindu : Kerala / Kochi News : Final work on new platform after Sabarimala season: Minister Archived 6 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
↑ "Stop for trains at Edappally, station at Vytilla sought". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 April 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010.
↑ News, Express. "Ernakulam-Kollam MEMU chugs off". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 23 December 2013. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
↑ "Palakkad-Ernakulam MEMU flagged off - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
↑ Special Correspondent (30 May 2013). "10,000 encroachers to get title deeds". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 June 2013. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
↑ "For starters, you can catch a Metro every 5 minutes". The Times of India. TNN. 25 May 2013. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
↑ "Kochi metro to go up to Kakkanad". The Hindu. The Hindu. 25 May 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
↑ http://kochimetro.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/stattions.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
↑ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (August 2011). "Detailed Project Report : Kochi Metro Project Alwaye - Petta Corridor" (PDF). Kochi Metro. Retrieved 16 November 2013. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

External links[edit | edit source]

[Metro_rail:_12_companies_come_up_with_proposals-1] "Kochi Metro Rail". The New Indian Express. 9 May 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2006.

[2] "Kochi city wins national honour | Kochi News - Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. 25 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.

[Golden_Quadrilateral-3] "NS&EW Corridor Map". National Highway Authority of India. Retrieved 24 January 2011.

[NSEW_Chainage-4] "NS&EW Corridor Chainage Chart". National Highway Authority of India. Retrieved 24 January 2011.

[National_highways-5] "National Highways and Their Length". Government of India, Ministry of Highways. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2010.

[6] TNN Oct 11, 2013, 02.08AM IST (11 October 2013). "Edappally flyover: On your mark ..." The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[7] TNN Nov 7, 2013, 02.43AM IST (7 November 2013). "Palarivattom Junction flyover: Administrative sanction at last". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[seeding-a-city-8] "kochi-seeding-a-city". mtpsnyder. 13 November 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2010.

[9] Greeshma Gopal Giri (11 September 2017). "Corporation to focus on public transport". Times of India.

[10] www.um-smart.org http://www.um-smart.org/project_research/Kochi.pdf. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[11] The Hindu Business Line : Stone laid for Vytilla mobility hub project Archived 14 December 2010 at WebCite

[12] The New Indian Express First phase of Vyttila Mobility Hub opened

[13] The Hindu 'First phase of Vytilla mobility hub commissioned'

[Trade_Logistics_—_India_Seaports-14] "Trade with India – major ports in India". National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2006.

[15] "'Spectrum of the Seas' docks with 4000 tourists". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 27 October 2021.

[16] Kochi Port is the first international cruise home port in India | Kochi Cochin News Archived 25 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine

[Kochi_Marina-17] "India's lone Marina". Retrieved 10 December 2015.

[KTDC-18] "Kochi International Marina". Retrieved 12 December 2010.

[Cochin_International_Airport-19] "A novel venture in the history of Indian Aviation". Cochin International Airport. Archived from the original on 23 May 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2006.

[AAI-20] "Traffic Trends". Airports Authority of India. 2006. Government of India.

[21] "Cochin International Airport set to become worlds's first fully solar powered major airport". LiveMint. Kochi, India. 18 August 2015.

[BBC-22] "How is the world's first solar powered airport faring?". BBC News. 9 October 2015.

[23] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[24] Ernakulam Junction (South)/ERS Railway Station - Today's Train Arrival Timings - All Trains - India Rail Info - Database of Indian Railways Trains & Stations Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

[25] The Hindu : Kerala / Kochi News : Final work on new platform after Sabarimala season: Minister Archived 6 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine

[26] "Stop for trains at Edappally, station at Vytilla sought". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 April 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010.

[27] News, Express. "Ernakulam-Kollam MEMU chugs off". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 23 December 2013. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[28] "Palakkad-Ernakulam MEMU flagged off - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 23 December 2013.

[29] Special Correspondent (30 May 2013). "10,000 encroachers to get title deeds". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 June 2013. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)

[30] "For starters, you can catch a Metro every 5 minutes". The Times of India. TNN. 25 May 2013. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.

[31] "Kochi metro to go up to Kakkanad". The Hindu. The Hindu. 25 May 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.

[32] ttp://kochimetro.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/stattions.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF

[DPR-33] Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (August 2011). "Detailed Project Report : Kochi Metro Project Alwaye - Petta Corridor" (PDF). Kochi Metro. Retrieved 16 November 2013. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

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-'''[[Kochi (India)|Kochi]]''' ({{Audio|Kochi_R1.ogg|pronunciation}}; [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]: കൊച്ചി ''Kochi'', formerly known as '''Cochin''') is a major port city in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]]. The city is widely known as the commercial or economic capital of the state of Kerala and thus good transport infrastructure is critical for the city's economy. The road infrastructure in Kochi has not been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence traffic congestion is a major problem in the city. A comprehensive transport development plan has been included in the Kochi Masterplan hoping to improve the transport infrastructure. [[Kochi Metro]], the [[Rapid transit|rapid transit system]] for the city was inaugurated on 17 June 2017. A Suburban Railway system, intended to considerably ease congestion, is also to be built in the near future.<ref name="Metro rail: 12 companies come up with proposals">{{cite news
+{{Infobox public transit
+| image =
+| imagesize =
+| alt =
+| caption =
+| locale = [[Kochi]] and surrounding regions
+| transit_type = [[Rapid transit]], [[commuter rail]], [[bus]]es, [[car|private automobile]], [[Kochi Water Metro|water metro]], [[Taxicab]], [[bicycle]], [[pedestrian]]
+}}
+'''[[Kochi (India)|Kochi]]''' ({{Audio|Kochi_R1.ogg|pronunciation}}; [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]: കൊച്ചി ''Kochi'', formerly known as '''Cochin''') is a major port city in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]]. The city is widely known as the commercial or economic capital of the state of Kerala.
+The road infrastructure in Kochi has not been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence [[traffic congestion]] is a major problem in the city. A comprehensive transport development plan has been included in the Kochi Masterplan hoping to improve the transport infrastructure. [[Kochi Metro]], the [[Rapid transit|rapid transit system]] for the city was inaugurated on 17 June 2017. A Suburban Railway system, intended to considerably ease congestion, is also to be built in the near future.<ref name="Metro rail: 12 companies come up with proposals">{{cite news
 |url=http://newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEX20060509002011&Page=X&Title=Kochi&Topic=0&
 |title=Kochi Metro Rail
@@ Line 8: / Line 18: @@
 |date=9 May 2006
 |access-date=23 May 2006
-}}
+|archive-date=27 September 2007
-</ref>
+|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005016/http://newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEX20060509002011&Page=X&Title=Kochi&Topic=0&
+|url-status=dead
+}}</ref> Kochi bagged the city with most sustainable transport system award instituted by the [[Union Government ministries of India|Union ministry of housing and urban affairs]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=Oct 25, 2021|title=Kochi city wins national honour {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kochi-city-wins-national-honour/articleshow/87244332.cms|access-date=2021-10-27|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
 ==Roads==
@@ Line 19: / Line 31: @@
 [[File:Kochi Bypass Vytila.jpg|thumb|Kochi is part of the North-South Corridor of India's National Highway System via the NH 47]]
 <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Vyttilajunc.jpg|thumb|Vyttila is a major intersection in the city]] -->
-Kochi is part of the [[North–South and East–West Corridor|North-South Corridor]] of India's National Highway System via the [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]].<ref name="Golden Quadrilateral">{{cite web| publisher=National Highway Authority of India| url=http://www.nhai.org/images/Nov10/NSEW%20%20%20Eng%20.jpg| title=NS&EW Corridor Map| access-date=24 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="NSEW Chainage">{{cite web| publisher=National Highway Authority of India| url=http://www.nhai.org/chain_NS.asp| title=NS&EW Corridor Chainage Chart| access-date=24 January 2011}}</ref> [[NH 66]], the seventh longest highway in India,<ref name="National highways">{{cite web|publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Highways|url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublink2images/NH_wise_length514015210.htm|title=National Highways and Their Length|access-date=29 November 2010|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5uySj6cZB?url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublink2images/NH_wise_length514015210.htm |archive-date = 14 December 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> connects [[Kochi]] with [[Mumbai]], via [[Kozhikode]] and [[Mangalore]] on the western coast of India. The [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] originating from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] connects [[Kochi]] with cities like [[Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu|Coimbatore]] via [[Thrissur]] and [[Palakkad]] and also connects with state capital [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and terminates at [[Kanyakumari]]. [[National Highway 49 (India)|NH 49]] is another highway, connecting [[Kochi]] with [[Dhanushkodi]] in Tamil Nadu via [[Munnar]] and [[Madurai]]. Two smaller national highways, [[NH 47A]] connecting to Willingdon Island and [[NH 47C]], connecting [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] to Vallarpadom from [[Kalamassery]]. [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] has a {{convert|17|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} bypass road connecting [[Aroor]] to [[Edappally]] junction. The city is also connected with several state highways like [[State Highway 15 (Kerala)|SH 15]], [[State Highway 16 (Kerala)|SH 16]], [[State Highway 41 (Kerala)|SH 41]], [[State Highway 63 (Kerala)|SH 63]], [[State Highway 66 (Kerala)|SH 66]]. The state government has constructed an expressway called [[Seaport-Airport Road]] running parallel to [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] bypass road at Maradu junction to Kalamasserry junction. Phase II, proposed an alternative road to directly to Airport. A second {{convert|2|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} four-lane road called Infopark Expressway has been constructed from Airport-Seaport road to [[InfoPark, Kochi|Infopark]], which is planned to develop into a {{convert|15|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} east–west corridor in the future{{Citation needed| date=November 2010}}. The ever-increasing traffic congestion has necessitated the construction of flyovers at many key junctions on the national highways in Kochi. The works on [[Edapally]] flyover has commenced<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN Oct 11, 2013, 02.08AM IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-11/kochi/42940084_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-project-service-roads |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114527/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-11/kochi/42940084_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-project-service-roads |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-24 |title=Edappally flyover: On your mark ... |date=2013-10-11 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-12-23}}</ref> and a flyover at Palarivattom junction has also been sanctioned<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN Nov 7, 2013, 02.43AM IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-07/kochi/43773343_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-projects-sanction |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110609/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-07/kochi/43773343_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-projects-sanction |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-24 |title=Palarivattom Junction flyover: Administrative sanction at last |date=2013-11-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-12-23}}</ref>
+Kochi is part of the [[North–South and East–West Corridor|North-South Corridor]] of India's National Highway System via the [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]].<ref name="Golden Quadrilateral">{{cite web| publisher=National Highway Authority of India| url=http://www.nhai.org/images/Nov10/NSEW%20%20%20Eng%20.jpg| title=NS&EW Corridor Map| access-date=24 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="NSEW Chainage">{{cite web| publisher=National Highway Authority of India| url=http://www.nhai.org/chain_NS.asp| title=NS&EW Corridor Chainage Chart| access-date=24 January 2011}}</ref> [[NH 66]], the seventh longest highway in India,<ref name="National highways">{{cite web|publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Highways|url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublink2images/NH_wise_length514015210.htm|title=National Highways and Their Length|access-date=29 November 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101219004512/http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublink2images/NH_wise_length514015210.htm |archive-date = 19 December 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> connects [[Kochi]] with [[Mumbai]], via [[Kozhikode]] and [[Mangalore]] on the western coast of India. The [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] originating from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] connects [[Kochi]] with cities like [[Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu|Coimbatore]] via [[Thrissur]] and [[Palakkad]] and also connects with state capital [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and terminates at [[Kanyakumari]]. [[National Highway 49 (India)|NH 49]] is another highway, connecting [[Kochi]] with [[Dhanushkodi]] in Tamil Nadu via [[Munnar]] and [[Madurai]]. Two smaller national highways, [[NH 47A]] connecting to Willingdon Island and [[NH 47C]], connecting [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] to Vallarpadom from [[Kalamassery]]. [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] has a {{convert|17|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} bypass road connecting [[Aroor]] to [[Edappally]] junction. The city is also connected with several state highways like [[State Highway 15 (Kerala)|SH 15]], [[State Highway 16 (Kerala)|SH 16]], [[State Highway 41 (Kerala)|SH 41]], [[State Highway 63 (Kerala)|SH 63]], [[State Highway 66 (Kerala)|SH 66]]. The state government has constructed an expressway called [[Seaport-Airport Road]] running parallel to [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH 47]] bypass road at Maradu junction to Kalamasserry junction. Phase II, proposed an alternative road to directly to Airport. A second {{convert|2|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} four-lane road called Infopark Expressway has been constructed from Airport-Seaport road to [[InfoPark, Kochi|Infopark]], which is planned to develop into a {{convert|15|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} east–west corridor in the future{{Citation needed| date=November 2010}}. The ever-increasing traffic congestion has necessitated the construction of flyovers at many key junctions on the national highways in Kochi. The works on [[Edapally]] flyover has commenced<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN Oct 11, 2013, 02.08AM IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-11/kochi/42940084_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-project-service-roads |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114527/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-11/kochi/42940084_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-project-service-roads |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-24 |title=Edappally flyover: On your mark ... |date=2013-10-11 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-12-23}}</ref> and a flyover at Palarivattom junction has also been sanctioned<ref>{{cite web|author=TNN Nov 7, 2013, 02.43AM IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-07/kochi/43773343_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-projects-sanction |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110609/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-07/kochi/43773343_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-flyover-projects-sanction |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-24 |title=Palarivattom Junction flyover: Administrative sanction at last |date=2013-11-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-12-23}}</ref>
 === City roads ===
@@ Line 25: / Line 37: @@
 [[File:Railway Over Bridge Ernakulam W.jpg|thumb|Railway Over Bridge Ernakulam (Salim Rajan Over Bridge)]]
 [[Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kochi|Mahatma Gandhi Road]] is a {{convert|4|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} arterial road and commercial high street in [[Kochi]] alongside which lies the CBD of the city. The {{convert|8.2|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[Chittoor Road]] is the oldest arterial road that connects the city to northern suburbs like [[Chittoor]], [[Panchalam]] and [[Vaduthala]]. Another major arterial road is the {{convert|1.5|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Marine Drive Road which extends southward as Park Avenue and Foreshore Roads and northward as the Marine drive bay road. The youngest arterial road is the {{convert|3.2|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road]], constructed in 2002 as an effort to reduce congestion at MG Road and Chitoor Road and provide an alternative for commuters to reach the major southern junction of [[Kadavanthra]] from the northern junction of [[Kaloor]].
-The city has only 2 east–west corridors, creating one of the most congested traffic at the stretch. The {{convert|4|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[S.A Road|Sahodharan Ayyappan Road]] ,busiest & second most important arterial road connects MG Road to [[Kochi Bypass]] Road at Vytilla Junction at the southern side and the {{convert|5|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Kaloor Road connects Banerjee Road to NH 47 at Edappally Junction. The {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of [[kochi Bypass|Edapally - Aroor bypass]] road has turned out to be an important arterial road in Kochi<ref name="seeding-a-city">{{Cite news|publisher=mtpsnyder|url=https://mtpsnyder.wordpress.com/2013/05/23/kochi-seeding-a-city/|title=kochi-seeding-a-city |access-date=2010-12-07|date=2010-11-13}}</ref>
+The city has only 2 east–west corridors, creating one of the most congested traffic at the stretch. The {{convert|4|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[S.A Road|Sahodharan Ayyappan Road]], the busiest and second most important arterial road connects MG Road to [[Kochi Bypass]] Road at Vytilla Junction at the southern side and the {{convert|5|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Kaloor Road connects Banerjee Road to NH 47 at Edappally Junction. The {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of [[kochi Bypass|Edapally - Aroor bypass]] road has turned out to be an important arterial road in Kochi<ref name="seeding-a-city">{{Cite news|publisher=mtpsnyder|url=https://mtpsnyder.wordpress.com/2013/05/23/kochi-seeding-a-city/|title=kochi-seeding-a-city |access-date=2010-12-07|date=2010-11-13}}</ref>
 . A third east–west corridor is planned connecting MG Road with NH 47 known as Pullepady-Thammanam road, for which first phase has started with construction of Pullepady Rail-Over Bridge{{Citation needed| date=April 2011}}.
@@ Line 37: / Line 49: @@
 For transport within the city, buses and [[Taxicab|taxis]] are available throughout the day. The city has a very fast and efficient bus transport system{{Citation needed| date=April 2011}}, mainly dominated by private operators, known as '''Red-Buses'''. The red buses offer no-frills travel within the city, forming a major backbone of public transport. However the reckless driving and competitive tendency among red-buses has been heavily criticised by the public. Despite its mounting public criticism on reckless driving, the punctuality and reliability of services often silence the critics to a great extent.
-Mayor Soumini Jain and MLA Hibi Eden are planning to join hands with a city-based think tank, Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR) to promote public transport systems.CPPR has come up with one-year programme that aims to promote public transport with a research to quantify its impact. The programme will commence in October 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/corporation-to-focus-on-public-transport/articleshow/60461148.cms|title=Corporation to focus on public transport|website=Times of India|date=September 11, 2017|author=Greeshma Gopal Giri}}</ref>
+Mayor Soumini Jain and MLA Hibi Eden are planning to join hands with a city-based think tank, Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR) to promote public transport systems. CPPR has come up with one-year programme that aims to promote public transport with a research to quantify its impact. The programme will commence in October 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/corporation-to-focus-on-public-transport/articleshow/60461148.cms|title=Corporation to focus on public transport|website=Times of India|date=September 11, 2017|author=Greeshma Gopal Giri}}</ref>
-In 2010, the state public transport company, KSRTC started city services due to frequent complaints against red-buses, which has been praised for its efficient and controlled services. KSRTC operates two classes of service: a basic no-frills service known as '''Thiru-Kochi''' which has the same fare system as the red-buses. These buses are distinguishable by their blue-white livery and are [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission|JNNURM]] funded transport services. The [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission|JNNURM]] transport services operated by KSRTC offer premium air-conditioned low-floor bus services known as '''Orange Buses''' and non-air conditioned semi low floor buses known as '''Yellow Buses'''. Both the buses connect the central business district areas of Kochi with the nearby suburbs. Currently these premium bus services are available as per the schedule published by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation. The URL is:http://www.keralartc.com/html/JnNURM-KOCHI-TimeTable.doc. At present, 630 intra-buses are authorised to operate inside the city. The city also caters to nearly 2100 long-distance private buses, which include 466 inter-city state buses.<ref>http://www.um-smart.org/project_research/Kochi.pdf {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uySjn4gH?url=http://www.um-smart.org/project_research/Kochi.pdf |date=14 December 2010 }}</ref>
+In 2010, the state public transport company, KSRTC started city services due to frequent complaints against red-buses, which has been praised for its efficient and controlled services. KSRTC operates two classes of service: a basic no-frills service known as '''Thiru-Kochi''' which has the same fare system as the red-buses. These buses are distinguishable by their blue-white livery and are [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission|JNNURM]] funded transport services. The [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission|JNNURM]] transport services operated by KSRTC offer premium air-conditioned low-floor bus services known as '''Orange Buses''' and non-air conditioned semi low floor buses known as '''Yellow Buses'''. Both the buses connect the central business district areas of Kochi with the nearby suburbs. Currently these premium bus services are available as per the schedule published by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation. The URL is:http://www.keralartc.com/html/JnNURM-KOCHI-TimeTable.doc. At present, 630 intra-buses are authorised to operate inside the city. The city also caters to nearly 2100 long-distance private buses, which include 466 inter-city state buses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.um-smart.org/project_research/Kochi.pdf |title= |website=www.um-smart.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728142524/http://www.um-smart.org/project_research/Kochi.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>
 Most of the buses run primarily on four major routes, known as the Big 4 routes{{Citation needed| date=April 2011}}, though there are 160 official authorised routes to operate connecting 60 destinations in the city and nearby suburbs. The most popular route is the Aluva-Fort Kochi Route, which covers almost all the city areas. There is no routing numbering system, rather all buses carry destination boards with important bus stops marked below.
@@ Line 57: / Line 69: @@
 ==Kochi Port==
-{{ see also| Cochin Port }}
+{{main| Cochin Port }}
 Being one of the safest harbours in the [[Arabian Sea]], Kochi ranks among India's major [[seaport]]s.<ref name="Trade Logistics — India Seaports">
@@ Line 66: / Line 78: @@
 |access-date=23 May 2006
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060513070106/http://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/trade-india/ports.htm  |archive-date = 13 May 2006}}
-</ref> The port, administered by a statutory autonomous body known as the [[Cochin Port Trust]], offers facilities like [[Berth (moorings)|berths]] for handling cargo and [[passenger ship]]s, cargo handling equipment, storage accommodation, [[dry dock]], bunkering facilities, and a fisheries harbour. Cochin Port regularly handles various international passenger cruisers. Queen Mary 2, was the largest passenger cruiser to call at Kochi.<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/queen-mary-2-arrives-at-kochi_100168046.html Queen Mary 2 arrives at Kochi] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uySo5onR?url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/queen-mary-2-arrives-at-kochi_100168046.html |date=14 December 2010 }}</ref> Apart from regular calls, Kochi is also the only home port in India for international cruises operated by Louis Cruises with regular trips to Maldives and Sri Lanka. The service operated between December 2009 to February 2010 and scheduled to resume during tourist season of 2010.<ref>[http://www.cochinsquare.com/kochi-port-is-the-first-international-cruise-home-port-in-india/ Kochi Port is the first international cruise home port in India &#124; Kochi Cochin News] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uySoGwHj?url=http://www.cochinsquare.com/kochi-port-is-the-first-international-cruise-home-port-in-india/ |date=14 December 2010 }}</ref>
+</ref> It is the first [[Transshipment at sea|transshipment terminal]] in India. The port, administered by a statutory autonomous body known as the [[Cochin Port Trust]], offers facilities like [[Berth (moorings)|berths]] for handling cargo and [[passenger ship]]s, cargo handling equipment, storage accommodation, [[dry dock]], bunkering facilities, and a fisheries harbour. Cochin Port regularly handles various international passenger cruisers. As of 2019, [[Spectrum of the Seas]], is the largest passenger cruiser to call at Kochi.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Spectrum of the Seas' docks with 4000 tourists|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/may/12/spectrum-of-the-seas-docks-with-4k-tourists-1975694.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Kochi is the first home port in India to operate international cruises. The service was started in December 2009 and was operated by Louis Cruises with regular trips to [[Maldives]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>[http://www.cochinsquare.com/kochi-port-is-the-first-international-cruise-home-port-in-india/ Kochi Port is the first international cruise home port in India &#124; Kochi Cochin News] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225143910/http://www.cochinsquare.com/kochi-port-is-the-first-international-cruise-home-port-in-india/ |date=25 December 2010 }}</ref>
-A container transshipment facility, known as [[International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi]] has been commissioned at Vallarpadom. Being constructed in three stages, the first phase of the terminal was commissioned on 11 Feb 2011.[1] This can handle cargo up to one million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) per annum.[1] On completion of the third phase, the terminal will be able to handle 4 million TEUs of cargo per annum.[1] The terminal is presently being operated by the Dubai Ports World (DPW), which will operate it for 30-years after which the control will come back to the Cochin Port Trust.[2]
+A container transshipment facility, known as [[International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi]] has been commissioned at [[Vallarpadam|Vallarpadom]]. Being constructed in three stages, the first phase of the terminal was commissioned on 11 Feb 2011. This can handle cargo up to one million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) per annum. On completion of the third phase, the terminal will be able to handle 4 million TEUs of cargo per annum. The terminal is presently being operated by the [[DP World|Dubai Ports World]] (DPW), which will operate it for 30-years after which the control will come back to the Cochin Port Trust.
 The [[Kochi Marina|Kochi International Marina]] is a marina in the city of Kochi. It is located in the eastern coast of the [[Bolgatty Island]] in the premises of the Bolgatty Palace, a 'heritage hotel'. The Kochi Marina is the only marina in [[India]].<ref name="Kochi Marina">{{cite web |url=http://www.sea-seek.com/?geo=6387|title=India's lone Marina|access-date=2015-12-10}}</ref> It is owned by the [[Kerala Tourism Development Corporation]].<ref name="KTDC">{{cite web |url=http://www.ktdc.com/kochi-international-marina.php|title=Kochi International Marina|access-date=2010-12-12}}</ref> The marina provides berthing facility for yachts and also offers services like fuel, water, electricity and sewage pump-outs for boats. The marina is close to the international maritime route at the south west coast of the Indian Peninsula, with favourable conditions and minimum tidal variations throughout the year.
 ==Airports==
+{{main|Cochin International Airport}}
 [[File:Cochin International Airport.JPG|200px|thumb|Outside view of the [[Cochin International Airport]] at [[Nedumbassery]].]]
-Kochi has an international airport, known as the [[CIAL|Cochin International Airport]] {{Airport codes|COK|VOCI}}, which is about 25&nbsp;km north of the city. Unlike most Indian airports (which are controlled by the [[Airports Authority of India]]), Kochi airport is owned by [[Cochin International Airport Limited]], a public limited company owned by a large number of [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Non Resident Indians]], major Indian corporations, and the government of Kerala (which holds a majority interest). It is thus the first international airport in India built without Central Government funds.<ref name="Cochin International Airport">
+Kochi has an international airport, known as the [[CIAL|Cochin International Airport]] {{Airport codes|COK|VOCI}}, which is about 25&nbsp;km north of the city. Unlike most Indian airports (which are controlled by the [[Airports Authority of India]]), Kochi airport is owned by [[Cochin International Airport Limited]], a public limited company owned by a large number of [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Non Resident Indians]], major Indian corporations, and the government of Kerala (which holds a majority interest). It is thus the first international airport in India built without Central Government funds.<ref name="Cochin International Airport">{{cite web
-{{cite web
 |publisher=Cochin International Airport
 |url=http://www.cochin-airport.com/html/0100fram.htm
 |title=A novel venture in the history of Indian Aviation
 |access-date=23 May 2006
-}}
+|archive-date=23 May 2006
-</ref> Having a 3,400-metre runway, one of the largest in Asia, the airport is equipped to operate any type of aircraft. It currently is the fourth busiest International airport in India.<ref name="AAI">[http://www.airportsindia.org.in/aai/news/traffic-trends.xls "Traffic Trends"]. Airports Authority of India. 2006. Government of India.</ref> Currently in expansion mode, the airport has been made ready to accommodate the super jumbo [[Airbus 380]]. The Airport is connected with most of the cities in the Middle-East and South East Asia with nearly sixteen international flight carriers operating to the city. Apart from this, the city is well connected to all major metros and cities of India with seven domestic carriers operating nationwide air services. On August 18, 2015, it became the world's first fully solar energy powered airport with the inauguration of the dedicated solar plant.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nYRV0SGkot3GIOvQrqhBXL/Worlds-first-solarrun-airport-in-Kochi.html |title=Cochin International Airport set to become worlds's first fully solar powered major airport|work=LiveMint|date=18 August 2015 |location=Kochi, India}}</ref><ref name="BBC">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-34421419</ref>
+|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523081313/http://www.cochin-airport.com/html/0100fram.htm
+|url-status=dead
+}}</ref> Having a 3,400-metre runway, one of the largest in Asia, the airport is equipped to operate any type of aircraft. It currently is the fourth busiest International airport in India.<ref name="AAI">[http://www.airportsindia.org.in/aai/news/traffic-trends.xls "Traffic Trends"]. Airports Authority of India. 2006. Government of India.</ref> Currently in expansion mode, the airport has been made ready to accommodate the super jumbo [[Airbus 380]]. The Airport is connected with most of the cities in the Middle-East and South East Asia with nearly sixteen international flight carriers operating to the city. Apart from this, the city is well connected to all major metros and cities of India with seven domestic carriers operating nationwide air services. On August 18, 2015, it became the world's first fully solar energy powered airport with the inauguration of the dedicated solar plant.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nYRV0SGkot3GIOvQrqhBXL/Worlds-first-solarrun-airport-in-Kochi.html |title=Cochin International Airport set to become worlds's first fully solar powered major airport|work=LiveMint|date=18 August 2015 |location=Kochi, India}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-34421419|title = How is the world's first solar powered airport faring?|work = BBC News|date = 9 October 2015}}</ref>
-The city has a second airport, [[INS Garuda]], operated by the [[Indian Navy]], whose southern headquarters is located in Kochi.<ref>http://indiannavy.nic.in/INS_Garuda.html</ref> Commissioned on 11 May 1953, it is the oldest operating air station of the Indian Navy. This airport is however not open to the public, and is solely used by the navy and by important government dignitaries visiting the city.
+The city has a second airport, [[INS Garuda]], operated by the [[Indian Navy]], whose southern headquarters is located in Kochi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/INS_Garuda.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 June 2016 |archive-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123104741/http://indiannavy.nic.in/INS_Garuda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Commissioned on 11 May 1953, it is the oldest operating air station of the Indian Navy. This airport is however not open to the public, and is solely used by the navy and by important government dignitaries visiting the city.
 == Ferry ==
 [[File:Vypin Fort Kochi Ferry.jpg|thumb|A ferry connects Vypin with Fort Kochi]]
-Apart from international cruises, domestic ferry and cruises operate in Kochi. Regular inter-island boat services operated by [[Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation]](KSINC), the state Water Transport Authority, and of private ownership are available from the High Court Jetty and the Ernakulam Central [[jetty]] at [[Park Avenue (Kochi)|Park Avenue]] to various places. The [[junkar ferry]] for the transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the various islands are operated between Ernakulam and [[Vypin]], and between Vypin and Fort Kochi. However, construction of the [[Goshree bridges]] (which links Kochi's various islands) has made ferry transport less important. Backwaters cruises are one of the most important tourist activities in the city. KSINC operates large luxury cruise vessel called ''Sagar-Rani'' for high seas cruise parties. Apart from KSINC, numerous of private operators provide private cruise vessels for short leisure trips across the backwaters.
+Apart from international cruises, domestic ferry and cruises operate in Kochi. Regular inter-island boat services operated by [[Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation]] (KSINC), the state Water Transport Authority, and of private ownership are available from the High Court Jetty and the Ernakulam Central [[jetty]] at [[Park Avenue (Kochi)|Park Avenue]] to various places. The [[Junkar ferry]] for the transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the various islands are operated between Ernakulam and [[Vypin]], and between Vypin and Fort Kochi. However, construction of the [[Goshree bridges]] (which links Kochi's various islands) has made ferry transport less important. Backwaters cruises are one of the most important tourist activities in the city. KSINC operates large luxury cruise vessel called ''Sagar-Rani'' for high seas cruise parties. Apart from KSINC, numerous of private operators provide private cruise vessels for short leisure trips across the backwaters.
 Kochi Metro Rail Limited (KMRL) has also launched boat services between Vyttila and Kakkanad as "City Water Bus" recently. The service is expected to be extended to more areas like Thevara soon.
@@ Line 95: / Line 109: @@
 {{see also|Indian Railways}}
 <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:East Terminal.jpg|thumb|The newly constructed Eastern Entry Terminal of the Ernakulam Junction railway station]] -->
-At present, there is no intra-city rail transport system in Kochi. The [[inter-city rail]] transport system in the city is administered by the [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway Zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]]. The major railway stations in Kochi metropolitan area are – [[Ernakulam Junction]], [[Aluva railway station|Aluva]], and [[Ernakulam Town]], followed by less busier stations at [[Tripunithura railway station|Tripunithura]] and [[Angamaly railway station|Angamaly]] and passenger halt stations at Edappally and Kalamassery. The [[Ernakulam Junction|South Railway Station]] is one of the busiest railway stations in South India, with more than 128 scheduled train services daily.<ref>[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/52 Ernakulam Junction (South)/ERS Railway Station - Today's Train Arrival Timings - All Trains - India Rail Info - Database of Indian Railways Trains & Stations] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uySpBhkB?url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/52 |date=14 December 2010 }}</ref> The Junction Railway station currently has six platforms with two terminal gates. The main terminal located on the western side is the older structure, constructed in 1932. A food plaza and reservation counter are located on the west side. The East terminal is a new structure, constructed by GCDA, as a counter-measure to reduce traffic congestion on the South Rail-Over Bridge, by allowing passengers from the eastern side to access the east gate. However the terminal is not fully open to the public.
+At present, there is no intra-city rail transport system in Kochi. The [[inter-city rail]] transport system in the city is administered by the [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway Zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]]. The major railway stations in Kochi metropolitan area are – [[Ernakulam Junction]], [[Aluva railway station|Aluva]], and [[Ernakulam Town]], followed by less busier stations at [[Tripunithura railway station|Tripunithura]] and [[Angamaly railway station|Angamaly]] and passenger halt stations at Edappally and Kalamassery. The [[Ernakulam Junction|South Railway Station]] is one of the busiest railway stations in South India, with more than 128 scheduled train services daily.<ref>[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/52 Ernakulam Junction (South)/ERS Railway Station - Today's Train Arrival Timings - All Trains - India Rail Info - Database of Indian Railways Trains & Stations] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025143/http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/52 |date=13 July 2011 }}</ref> The Junction Railway station currently has six platforms with two terminal gates. The main terminal located on the western side is the older structure, constructed in 1932. A food plaza and reservation counter are located on the west side. The East terminal is a new structure, constructed by GCDA, as a counter-measure to reduce traffic congestion on the South Rail-Over Bridge, by allowing passengers from the eastern side to access the east gate. However the terminal is not fully open to the public.
-The [[Ernakulam Town|North Railway Station]] is another station situated in the northern side of the city, mainly catering to long-distance services that bypass the [[Ernakulam Junction]], and also as an additional halt station for many trains. A larger terminal in north has been opened to the public as of 27 November 2010.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112860370300.htm The Hindu : Kerala / Kochi News : Final work on new platform after Sabarimala season: Minister] {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uySpNkgw?url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112860370300.htm |date=14 December 2010 }}</ref> [[Cochin Harbour Terminus]] located in the Willingdon island is the third railway station in the city, though it has been closed down temporarily. Cochin Harbour Terminus is a heritage structure constructed by the British in 1946. Due to the presence of a few cracks on the Venduruthy Railway bridge connecting the mainland with the Willingdon island, the service to this station was temporarily suspended. Work on a new railway line has commenced and the station will be reopened soon. [[Edappally (Railway Station)|Edapally Railway Station]] is a smaller halt station for passenger services and a few express trains. The major stations at [[Aluva Railway Station|Aluva]] and Thripunithura and the halting station at Kalamassery, serves the outskirts of the city and the surrounding metropolitan area.
+The [[Ernakulam Town|North Railway Station]] is another station situated in the northern side of the city, mainly catering to long-distance services that bypass the [[Ernakulam Junction]], and also as an additional halt station for many trains. A larger terminal in north has been opened to the public as of 27 November 2010.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112860370300.htm The Hindu : Kerala / Kochi News : Final work on new platform after Sabarimala season: Minister] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206093525/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112860370300.htm |date=6 December 2010 }}</ref> [[Cochin Harbour Terminus]] located in the Willingdon island is the third railway station in the city, though it has been closed down temporarily. Cochin Harbour Terminus is a heritage structure constructed by the British in 1946. Due to the presence of a few cracks on the Venduruthy Railway bridge connecting the mainland with the Willingdon island, the service to this station was temporarily suspended. Work on a new railway line has commenced and the station will be reopened soon. [[Edappally (Railway Station)|Edapally Railway Station]] is a smaller halt station for passenger services and a few express trains. The major stations at [[Aluva Railway Station|Aluva]] and Thripunithura and the halting station at Kalamassery, serves the outskirts of the city and the surrounding metropolitan area.
-There is a historic station named as [[Ernakulam Terminus]](station code:ERG) situated behind the High Court. Great personalities like Mahatma Gandhi and The Viceroy have visited Cochin through this old majestic railway station. Ernakulam Terminus was the first station to serve the city but had to be abandoned in the early 60's. Now, Southern Railway plans to renovate the station into the central station for the city and for proposed suburban railway system, because the pressure on the Ernakulam Junction railway station has been increasing.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/04/stories/2010040461630300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407093301/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/04/stories/2010040461630300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 April 2010 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Stop for trains at Edappally, station at Vytilla sought | date=4 April 2010}}</ref>
+There is a historic station named as [[Ernakulam Terminus]] (station code ERG) situated behind the High Court. Great personalities like Mahatma Gandhi and The Viceroy have visited Cochin through this old majestic railway station. Ernakulam Terminus was the first station to serve the city but had to be abandoned in the early 60's. Now, Southern Railway plans to renovate the station into the central station for the city and for proposed suburban railway system, because the pressure on the Ernakulam Junction railway station has been increasing.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/04/stories/2010040461630300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407093301/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/04/stories/2010040461630300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 April 2010 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Stop for trains at Edappally, station at Vytilla sought | date=4 April 2010}}</ref>
 In addition, the Southern Railway is set to start a suburban railway system in Ernakulam, connecting nearby towns and cities by introducing [[MEMU]] services. The first MEMU line between [[Ernakulam]] and [[Kollam]] was opened in 2012<ref>{{cite web|last=News |first=Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article346323.ece |title=Ernakulam-Kollam MEMU chugs off |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=2013-12-23}}</ref> and a second one between Ernakulam and [[Palakkad]] was started in 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Palakkad-Ernakulam-MEMU-flagged-off/articleshow_b2/21365292.cms |title=Palakkad-Ernakulam MEMU flagged off - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=2013-12-23}}</ref> Other MEMU lines under consideration include Thrissur-Ernakulam and Ernakulam-Kottayam corridors for which work is underway.
@@ Line 107: / Line 121: @@
 [[File:Train at Aluva Metro Station.jpg|200px|thumb|A train halted at [[Aluva]] station]]
 [[File:Palarivattom station 06.jpg|200px|thumb|Inside [[Palarivattom]] station]]
-A rapid transit system, intended to considerably ease congestion was opened to public on 17 June 2017 by [[Narendra Modi]], the [[Prime Minister of India]]. At present, 21 stations from [[Aluva metro station|Aluva]] to [[Thaikoodam metro station|Thaikoodam]] are active. The first phase will serve a distance of 28&nbsp;km with a total of 25 stations. The first phase is being set up at an estimated cost of INR5181 crore (US$790 million). Recently, KMRL(Kochi Metro Rail Limited) has decided to extend the project to [[Tripunithura]] in the first phase itself. DMRC has started with the preliminary works such as widening of roads. It has also been decided that DMRC will build an INR135 crore (US$21 million) flyover at [[Edappally]] to ease the traffic congestion.<ref>{{cite web|author=Special Correspondent |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/10000-encroachers-to-get-title-deeds/article4763070.ece |title=10,000 encroachers to get title deeds |work=The Hindu |date=2013-05-30 |access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref> In phase I, an elevated route is proposed, spanning 25&nbsp;km from [[Aluva]] to Petta with 22 stations.<ref>{{cite news|agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-25/kochi/39520823_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-kmrl-metro-agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015193642/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-25/kochi/39520823_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-kmrl-metro-agency |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-15 |title=For starters, you can catch a Metro every 5 minutes |date=2013-05-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref>
+A rapid transit system, intended to considerably ease congestion was opened to public on 17 June 2017 by [[Narendra Modi]], the [[Prime Minister of India]]. At present, 21 stations from [[Aluva metro station|Aluva]] to [[Thaikoodam metro station|Thaikoodam]] are active. The first phase will serve a distance of 28&nbsp;km with a total of 25 stations. The first phase is being set up at an estimated cost of INR5181 crore (US$790 million). Recently, KMRL (Kochi Metro Rail Limited) has decided to extend the project to [[Tripunithura]] in the first phase itself. DMRC has started with the preliminary works such as widening of roads. It has also been decided that DMRC will build an INR135 crore (US$21 million) flyover at [[Edappally]] to ease the traffic congestion.<ref>{{cite web|author=Special Correspondent |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/10000-encroachers-to-get-title-deeds/article4763070.ece |title=10,000 encroachers to get title deeds |work=The Hindu |date=2013-05-30 |access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref> In phase I, an elevated route is proposed, spanning 25&nbsp;km from [[Aluva]] to Petta with 22 stations.<ref>{{cite news|agency=TNN |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-25/kochi/39520823_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-kmrl-metro-agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015193642/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-25/kochi/39520823_1_kochi-metro-rail-ltd-kmrl-metro-agency |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-15 |title=For starters, you can catch a Metro every 5 minutes |date=2013-05-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref>
 The 11.2-km Phase-II will be from Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium at Kaloor to Infopark via Kakkanad at an estimated cost of Rs.2,017.46 crore.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kochi-metro-to-go-up-to-kakkanad/article7229699.ece |title=Kochi metro to go up to Kakkanad |work=The Hindu |date=2013-05-25 |access-date=2013-06-27}}</ref>
@@ Line 113: / Line 127: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 |-
-! rowspan="2"| # !! colspan="2"| Station name<ref>http://kochimetro.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/stattions.pdf</ref>!! rowspan="2"| [[Chainage]] (km) !! rowspan="2" | Distance from previous station (km) !! rowspan="2"| Platform type !! rowspan="2"| Alignment description<ref name="DPR">{{cite web|title=Detailed Project Report : Kochi Metro Project Alwaye - Petta Corridor|url=http://kochimetro.org/wp-content/uploads/dpr.pdf|work=Kochi Metro|access-date=16 November 2013|author=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation|date=August 2011}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>
+! # !! Station name<ref>http://kochimetro.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/stattions.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>!! [[Chainage]] (km) !! Distance from previous station (km) !! Platform type !! Alignment description<ref name="DPR">{{cite web|title=Detailed Project Report : Kochi Metro Project Alwaye - Petta Corridor|url=http://kochimetro.org/wp-content/uploads/dpr.pdf|work=Kochi Metro|access-date=16 November 2013|author=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation|date=August 2011}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>
-|-
-! English !! [[Malayalam]]
 |-
-| 1 || [[Aluva metro station|Aluva]] || [[:ml:ആലുവ|ആലുവ]] || 0.098 || 0 || [[Side platform|Side]] || On 1000 metres curve
+| 1 || [[Aluva metro station|Aluva]] || 0.098 || 0 || [[Side platform|Side]] || On 1000 metres curve
 |-
-| 2 || [[Pulinchodu metro station|Pulinchodu]] || പുളിഞ്ചോട് || 1.827 || 1.729 || Side  || Curved
+| 2 || [[Pulinchodu metro station|Pulinchodu]] || 1.827 || 1.729 || Side  || Curved
 |-
-| 3 || [[Companypady metro station|Companypady]] || കമ്പനിപ്പടി || 2.796 || 0.969 || Side || Straight
+| 3 || [[Companypady metro station|Companypady]] || 2.796 || 0.969 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 4 || [[Ambattukavu metro station|Ambattukavu]] || അമ്പാട്ടുകാവ് || 3.779 || 0.984 || Side || Straight
+| 4 || [[Ambattukavu metro station|Ambattukavu]] || 3.779 || 0.984 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 5 || [[Muttom metro station|Muttom]] || മുട്ടം || 4.716 || 0.937 ||  Side & [[Island platform|Island]] || Straight Curved
+| 5 || [[Muttom metro station|Muttom]] || 4.716 || 0.937 ||  Side & [[Island platform|Island]] || Straight Curved
 |-
-| 6 || [[Kalamassery metro station|Kalamassery]] || കളമശ്ശേരി || 6.768 || 2.052 ||  Side || Straight
+| 6 || [[Kalamassery metro station|Kalamassery]] || 6.768 || 2.052 ||  Side || Straight
 |-
-| 7 || [[Cochin University metro station|Cochin University]] || കൊച്ചിൻ യൂണിവേഴ്‌സിറ്റി || 8.147 || 1.379 ||  Side || Straight
+| 7 || [[Cochin University metro station|Cochin University]] || 8.147 || 1.379 ||  Side || Straight
 |-
-| 8 || [[Pathadipalam metro station|Pathadipalam]] || പത്തടിപ്പാലം || 9.394 || 1.247 ||Side || Straight
+| 8 || [[Pathadipalam metro station|Pathadipalam]] || 9.394 || 1.247 ||Side || Straight
 |-
-| 9 || [[Edapally metro station|Edapally]] || ഇടപ്പള്ളി || 10.787 || 1.393 ||  Side || Straight
+| 9 || [[Edapally metro station|Edapally]] || 10.787 || 1.393 ||  Side || Straight
 |-
-| 10 || [[Changampuzha Park metro station|Changampuzha Park]] || ചങ്ങമ്പുഴ പാർക്ക് || 12.088 || 1.300 || Side || Straight
+| 10 || [[Changampuzha Park metro station|Changampuzha Park]] || 12.088 || 1.300 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 11 || [[Palarivattom metro station|Palarivatom]] || പാലാരിവട്ടം || 13.096 || 1.008 || Side || Straight
+| 11 || [[Palarivattom metro station|Palarivatom]] || 13.096 || 1.008 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 12 || [[J. L. N. Stadium metro station|J. L. N. Stadium]] || ജെ. എൽ. എൻ സ്റ്റേഡിയം || 14.217 || 1.121 ||  Side || Straight
+| 12 || [[J. L. N. Stadium metro station|J. L. N. Stadium]] || 14.217 || 1.121 ||  Side || Straight
 |-
-| 13 || [[Kaloor metro station|Kaloor]] || കലൂർ || 15.250 || 1.033 ||  Side || Straight
+| 13 || [[Kaloor metro station|Kaloor]] || 15.250 || 1.033 ||  Side || Straight
 |-
-| 14 || [[Town Hall metro station|Town Hall]] || ലിസ്സി || 15.723 || 0.473 || Side || Curved
+| 14 || [[Town Hall metro station|Town Hall]] || 15.723 || 0.473 || Side || Curved
 |-
-| 15 || [[M. G. Road metro station|M. G. Road]] || എം. ജി റോഡ്‌ || 16.926 || 1.203 || Side || Straight
+| 15 || [[M. G. Road metro station|M. G. Road]] || 16.926 || 1.203 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 16 || [[Maharaja's College metro station|Maharaja's College]] || മഹാരാജാസ് കോളേജ് || 18.100 || 1.173 ||  Side || Curved
+| 16 || [[Maharaja's College metro station|Maharaja's College]] || 18.100 || 1.173 ||  Side || Curved
 |-
-| 17 || [[Ernakulam Junction|Ernakulam South]] || എറണാകുളം സൗത്ത് || 18.956 || 0.856|| Side || Straight
+| 17 || [[Ernakulam Junction|Ernakulam South]] || 18.956 || 0.856|| Side || Straight
 |-
-| 18 || [[Kadavanthra]] || കടവന്ത്ര || 20.141 || 1.185 ||  Side || Straight
+| 18 || [[Kadavanthra]] || 20.141 || 1.185 ||  Side || Straight
 |-
-| 19 || [[Elamkulam, Kochi|Elamkulam]] || എളംകുളം || 21.295 || 1.155 || Side || Straight
+| 19 || [[Elamkulam, Kochi|Elamkulam]] || 21.295 || 1.155 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 20 || [[Vyttila]] || വൈറ്റില || 22.734 || 1.439 || Side || Straight
+| 20 || [[Vyttila]] || 22.734 || 1.439 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 21 || Thykoodam || തൈക്കൂടം || 23.758 || 1.024 || Side || Straight
+| 21 || Thykoodam || 23.758 || 1.024 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 22 || Petta || പേട്ട || 24.941 || 1.183 || Side || Straight
+| 22 || Petta || 24.941 || 1.183 || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 23 || Vadakkekotta || വടക്കേകോട്ട ||  ||  || Side || Straight
+| 23 || Vadakkekotta ||  ||  || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 24 || SN Junction || എസ്.എൻ ജംഗ്ഷൻ ||  ||  || Side || Straight
+| 24 || SN Junction ||  ||  || Side || Straight
 |-
-| 25 || Tripunithura railway station || തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറ സ്റ്റേഷൻ ||  ||  || Side || Straight
+| 25 || Tripunithura railway station ||  ||  || Side || Straight
 |}

v t e Kochi
Landmarks	Marine Drive Mattancherry Palace Hill Palace Durbar Hall Ground Ariyittuvazhcha Kovilakam Tourist attractions
Neighbourhoods	Edappally Ernakulam Fort Kochi Gandhi Nagar Kaloor Marine Drive Mattancherry Palarivattom Panampilly Nagar Kakkanad Kadavanthra Tripunithura Vyttila Willingdon Island
History	Kingdom of Cochin Thoma of Villarvattom History of Kerala Travancore-Cochin
Transport	Cochin International Airport Cochin Harbour Terminus Edappally railway station Ernakulam Junction railway station Ernakulam Terminus railway station Ernakulam Town railway station Cochin Port Cochin Shipyard Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation Kerala State Road Transport Corporation Kerala State Water Transport Department Kochi Metro Vyttila Mobility Hub
Government	Kochi Municipal Corporation Kerala High Court
Organizations	Cochin Stock Exchange Consumerfed Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Greater Cochin Development Authority International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation Kochi Refineries
Malls	Oberon Mall LuLu International Shopping Mall Gold Souk Grandé Abad Nucleus Mall Forum Thomsun Mall Q1 Mall
Culture	Cochin Jews Saint Thomas Christians Cuisine of Kerala Culture of Kerala Kalabhavan Malayalam Onam Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly Vishu
Places of worship	Chottanikkara Temple Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple Ernakulam Shiva Temple Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple Paradesi Synagogue St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally St. Francis Church Vallarpadam Church
Health care	Amala Institute of Medical Sciences Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Aster Medcity Gautham Hospital General Hospital Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital Lakeshore Hospital Lisie Hospital Lisie Heart Institute Lourdes Heart institute Lourdes Hospital (Kerala) Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital Medical Trust Hospital Saraf Hospital Sunrise Hospital Kochi Renai medicity Rajagiri Hospital
Schools	Assissi Vidyaniketan Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Chinmaya Vidyalaya Choice School Cochin Refineries School Kendriya Vidyalaya Navy Children School Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara SRV High School St.Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School Toc-H Public School The Delta Study Vidyodaya School
Universities	Cochin University of Science and Technology National University of Advanced Legal Studies Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit Model Engineering College Government Law College, Ernakulam School of Communication and Management Studies Albertian Institute of Management Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology Federal Institute of Science and Technology Sacred Heart College, Thevara SCMS School of Engineering and Technology St. Teresa's College Maharaja's College, Ernakulam MES College Marampally, Aluva Government Medical College, Ernakulam Bharata Mata College St. Albert's College
Roads	Mahatma Gandhi Road Chittoor Road Banerji Road Shanmugham Road Park Avenue S.A Road Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road Kochi Bypass Seaport-Airport Road
Sports	Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Regional Sports Centre Maharaja's College Stadium FACT Stadium Kerala Blasters FC Kochi Tuskers Kerala
Press	Malayala Manorama Mathrubhumi Madhyamam Daily Deshabhimani Sathyadeepam
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