Ajmer

This article is about the municipality in Rajasthan, India. For its namesake district, see Ajmer district. For the historical region, see Ajmer region.

Ajmer
City
Clockwise from the top: Ajmer Sharif Dargah, Prithviraj Chauhan statue, and Mayo College
Ajmer Ajmer
Coordinates: 26.4499°N 74.6399°E / 26.4499; 74.6399
Country	India
State	Rajasthan
District	Ajmer
Founded by	Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II
Named for	Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II
Government
• Type	Municipal Corporation
• Body	Ajmer Municipal Corporation
• Mayor	Braj Lata Hada (BJP)
Area
• City	55 km2 (21 sq mi)
Elevation	480 m (1,570 ft)
Population  (2011)
• City	542,321
• Density	9,900/km2 (26,000/sq mi)
• Urban	551,101
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	305001 to 305023
Telephone code	0145, +91145
Vehicle registration	RJ-01(Ajmer) RJ-36 (Beawar) RJ-42 (Kishangarh) RJ-48 (Kekri)
Website	www.ajmer.rajasthan.gov.in

Ajmer pronounced [ədʒmeːr] (listen) is one of the major and oldest cities in the Indian state of Rajasthan and the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. It is located at the centre of Rajasthan. It is also known as heart of Rajasthan. The city was established as "Ajayameru" (translated as "Invincible Hills") by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE. Home to the dargah of Moinuddin Chishti, Ajmer is one of the most important destinations of Islamic pilgrimage in South Asia.

Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. Ajmer had been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY and Smart City Mission schemes of the Government of India.

History

Main article: History of Ajmer

Jahangir receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on his return from the Mewar campaign

Ajmer was originally known as Ajayameru. The city was founded by an 11th-century Chahamana king Ajaydeva. Historian Dasharatha Sharma notes that the earliest mention of the city's name occurs in Palha's Pattavali, which was copied in 1113 CE (1170 VS) at Dhara. This suggests that Ajmer was founded sometime before 1113 CE. A prashasti (eulogistic inscription), issued by Vigraharaja IV and found at Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, states Ajayadeva (that is Ajayaraja II) moved his residence to Ajmer.

A later text Prabandha-Kosha states that it was the 8th-century king Ajayaraja I who commissioned the Ajayameru fort, which later came to be known as the Taragarh fort of Ajmer. According to historian R. B. Singh, this claim appears to be true, as inscriptions dated to the 8th century CE have been found at Ajmer. Singh theorizes that Ajayaraja II later expanded the town area, constructed palaces, and moved the Chahamana capital from Shakambhari to Ajmer.

In 1193, Ajmer was annexed by the Mamluks of the Delhi Sultanate, and later was returned to Rajput rulers under condition of tribute.

In 1556, Ajmer came under the Mughal Empire after being conquered by Mughal Emperor Akbar. It was made the capital of the eponymous Ajmer Subah. The city enjoyed special favour under the Mughals, who made frequent pilgrimages to the city to visit the dargah of Moinuddin Chishti. The city was also used as a military base for campaigns against Rajput rulers, and on a number of occasions became the site of celebration when a campaign bore success. Mughal Emperors and their nobles made generous donations to the city, and endowed it with constructions such as Akbar's palace and pavilions along the Ana Sagar. Their most prominent building activities were in the dargah and its vicinity. Jahanara Begum and Dara Shikoh, children of Shah Jahan, were both born in the city in 1614 and 1615 respectively.

Mughal patronage of the city had waned by the beginning of the 18th century. In 1771, the Scindias conquered the city, and in 1818, the British gained authority over the city. Colonial-era Ajmer served as the headquarters of the Ajmer-Merwara Province and possessed a Central jail, a large General Hospital, and two smaller hospitals according to Gazetteer, 1908. It was the headquarters of a native regiment and of a Railway Volunteer corps. From the 1900s, the United Free Church of Scotland, the church of England, the Roman Catholics, and the American Episcopal Methodists have mission establishments here. At that time there were twelve printing presses in the city, from which eight weekly newspapers were published.

At the time of Independence Ajmer continued as a separate state with its own legislature until its merger with erstwhile Rajputana province then called Rajasthan. The Legislature of Ajmer State was housed in the building which now houses T. T. College. It had 30 MLAs, and Haribhau Upadhyay was the first chief minister of the erstwhile state, with Bhagirath Chaudhary as the first Vidhan Sabha speaker. In 1956, after acceptance of the proposal by Fazil Ali, Ajmer was merged into Rajasthan to form Ajmer District with the addition of Kishangarh sub-division of Jaipur district.

Other Names

A gujarati historic Novel named Gujaratno Jay written by Zaverchand Meghani, based on various Jain Prabandhas, describes the city as sapādalakṣaṇa (સપાદલક્ષણ).

Geography

Ajmer is in the northwest of India and is surrounded by the Aravali Mountains. It is situated on the lower slopes of the Taragarh Hill of that range. To the northwest is the Nagapathar Range of the Aravali Mountain Ranges which protects it from desertification from the Thar Desert.

Climate

Ajmer has a hot, semi-arid climate with over 55 centimetres (22 inches) of rain every year, but most of the rain occurs in the monsoon months, between June and September. Temperatures remain relatively high throughout the year, with the summer months of April to early July having an average daily temperature of about 30 °C (86 °F). During the monsoon there is frequent heavy rain and thunderstorms, but flooding is not a common occurrence. The winter months of November to February are mild and temperate with average temperatures ranging from 15–18 °C (59–64 °F) with little or no humidity. There are, however, occasional cold weather fronts that cause temperatures to fall to near freezing levels.

Climate data for Ajmer (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	32.6 (90.7)	36.8 (98.2)	42.3 (108.1)	44.6 (112.3)	47.4 (117.3)	46.4 (115.5)	44.4 (111.9)	42.3 (108.1)	42.0 (107.6)	42.0 (107.6)	37.4 (99.3)	34.2 (93.6)	47.4 (117.3)
Average high °C (°F)	24.3 (75.7)	27.3 (81.1)	32.6 (90.7)	37.8 (100.0)	40.4 (104.7)	39.1 (102.4)	34.3 (93.7)	32.4 (90.3)	34.2 (93.6)	34.7 (94.5)	30.4 (86.7)	26.1 (79.0)	32.8 (91.0)
Average low °C (°F)	9.5 (49.1)	12.5 (54.5)	18.1 (64.6)	23.9 (75.0)	27.6 (81.7)	27.8 (82.0)	25.9 (78.6)	24.7 (76.5)	24.3 (75.7)	20.6 (69.1)	15.0 (59.0)	10.7 (51.3)	20.0 (68.0)
Record low °C (°F)	−2.8 (27.0)	−1.1 (30.0)	2.2 (36.0)	9.4 (48.9)	14.3 (57.7)	14.7 (58.5)	14.4 (57.9)	18.9 (66.0)	14.6 (58.3)	7.8 (46.0)	2.8 (37.0)	−0.6 (30.9)	−2.8 (27.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	6.1 (0.24)	7.4 (0.29)	3.5 (0.14)	4.2 (0.17)	18.3 (0.72)	53.2 (2.09)	179.7 (7.07)	159.2 (6.27)	77.0 (3.03)	11.3 (0.44)	3.1 (0.12)	2.1 (0.08)	525.1 (20.67)
Average rainy days	0.6	0.8	0.4	0.8	1.8	3.3	8.5	8.1	3.9	0.8	0.2	0.2	29.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)	32	25	17	15	18	32	57	64	49	28	31	34	34
Source: India Meteorological Department

Transportation

Pushkar Valley that connects Pushkar and Ajmer in the Aravalli Mountains

Air

The Kishangarh Airport is the nearest airport. It is 25 km from Ajmer city. The Ajmer Airport ground breaking ceremony was done by then Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh in 2012. The airport was finally completed and inaugurated by then Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha and Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje on 11 October 2017. The Airport is operational since then and regular flights to/from Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Indore and Surat are currently available. The airport is now amongst main and busy airports of Rajasthan. Currently SpiceJet and Star Air operate from Ajmer Airport on daily basis. Kishangarh Airport, Ajmer is being managed and operated by Airport Authority of India (AAI).

The Jaipur International Airport which is 135 km from Ajmer is the nearest International Airport.

Rail

The Ajmer Junction is the main railway station situated in the city. and was built during colonial times.

Tourism

View of Ajmer from Taragarh Fort

Dargah Sharif Ajmer

A Hindu Style Pillar in Adhai Din Ka Jhopara Monument.

Swarna Nagari in Soniji Ki Nasiyan

Akbari Fort and Museum

Nareli Jain Temple is a recent addition to Ajmer

Baradari on Lake Anasagar

Tomb of Khwaja Husain Ajmeri

• Pushkar: Located few kilometres from Ajmer, is an important tourist and pilgrimage destination and a satellite town of Ajmer city. It is famous for Pushkar Lake and the 14th century Brahma Temple at Pushkar, dedicated to Brahmā, according to the Padma Purāņa, Pushkar is important pilgrimage site for Lord Brahmā. Around the world, Lord Brahma Temple is only situated at Pushkar Lake, Rajasthan, India.
• Taragarh Fort: It is reputed to be the oldest hill fort in India. It stands, with precipitous surroundings, at a height of 2,855 ft. above sea-level, and between 1,300 and 1,400 ft. above the valley at its base; and it is partially enclosed by a wall some 20 feet thick and as many high, built of huge blocks of stone, cut and squared and are about 2 miles (3 km) in circumference. This hill fort guarding Ajmer, was the seat of the Chauhan rulers. It was built by King Ajaypal Chauhan on the summit of Taragarh Hill and overlooks Ajmer. The battlements run along the top of the hill. When it fell to the British Raj, the fort was dismantled on the orders of Lord William Bentinck in 1832 and was converted into a sanatorium for the British troops stationed at the garrison town of Nasirabad. Within it stands the shrine of a Muhammadan saint, Saiyid Husain, known as the Ganj Shahldan.In the older city, lying in the valley beneath the Taragarh hill and now abandoned, the Nur-chashma, a garden-house used by the Mughals, still remains, as also a water-lift commenced by Maldeo Rathor, to raise water to the Taragarh citadel.
• Ajmer Sharif Dargah: It is a shrine of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti which is situated at the foot of the Taragarh hill, and consists of several white marble buildings arranged around two courtyards, including a massive gate donated by the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Akbari Mosque, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and containing the domed tomb of the saint. Akbar and his queen used to come here by foot every year on pilgrimage from Agra in observance of a vow when he prayed for a son. The large pillars called "Kose ('Mile') Minars" (Kos Minar), erected at intervals of about 2 miles (3 km) along the entire way between Agra and Ajmer mark the places where the royal pilgrims halted every day, they are also seen today, one such is near private bus station in Ajmer City. About 125,000 pilgrims visit the site every day. The Urs of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is celebrated every year on the 6th and 7th of Rajab.
• Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra: Literally meaning "shed of two-and-a-half days", it is an ASI protected monument near Ajmer Sharif Dargah and a converted mosque built after the partial destruction of earlier Hindu and Jain temples there on orders of Muhammad Ghori after he defeated Prithviraj Chauhan at the second battle of Tarain .
• Mayo College: The college was founded in 1875 at the suggestion of Lord Mayo as a college where the sons of chiefs and nobles might receive an education to fit them for their high positions and important duties. It was known as "Indian Eton", as a number of Indian princes studied in this college. The main building, in white marble, is a classic example of Indo-Saracenic architecture. In front of the college is memorial marble statue of Lord Mayo. The boarding-houses are arranged in the form of a horseshoe, with the college in the centre of the base. Some of the Native States built boarding-houses, while the Government of India presented the college park, comprising 167 acres and formerly the site of the old Residency, and erected the main building, the residences of the principal and vice-principal, and the Ajmer boarding- house. It provided the salaries of the English staff. The foundation-stone of the college was laid in 1878, and the building was opened by the Marquis of Dufferin in 1885. John Lockwood Kipling, father of Nobel Laureate, Rudyard Kipling, had been principal of Mayo College.
• Soni Ji Ki Nasiyaan: It is architecturally rich Jain temple built in the late nineteenth century whose main chamber Swarna Nagari "City of Gold", has prominent depiction of Ayodhya made from 1000 kg of gold.
• Akbari Fort & Museum: The city's museum was once the residence of Prince Salīm, the son of the Emperor Akbar, and presently houses a collection of Mughal and Rajput armour and sculpture. This is a magnificent example of Mughal architecture, construction of which was commissioned by Akbar in 1570. This is where Salim, as the Emperor Jahangir, read out the firman permitting the British East India Company to trade with India. It is a massive square building, with lofty octagonal bastions at each corner. It was the headquarters of the administration in their time and in that of the Marathas. It was here that the emperors appeared in state, and that, as recorded by Sir Thomas Roe, criminals were publicly executed. The interior was used as a magazine during the British occupation until 1857; and the central building, used as a tahsil office. With the fort, the outer city walls, of the same period, are connected. These surround the city and are pierced by the Delhi, Madar, Usri, Agra, and Tirpolia gates.
• Nareli Jain Temple: is a Jain temple complex of fourteen temples recently built. It is known for its architecture and intricate stone carvings which gives it both a traditional and contemporary look.
• Ana Sagar Lake: This is an historic man-made lake built by Maharaja Anaji (1135–1150 CE). By the lake is the Daulat Bagh, a garden laid out by Emperor Jahangir. Emperor Shah Jahan later added five pavilions, known as the Baradari, between the garden and the lake embankment of the Ana Sagar supports the beautiful marble pavilions erected as pleasure-houses by Shah Jahan. The embankment, moreover, contains the - site of the former hammam (bath-room). Three of the five pavilions were at one time formed into residences for British officials, while the embankment was covered with office buildings and enclosed by gardens. The houses and enclosures were finally removed in 1900–1902, when the two south pavilions were re-erected, the marble parapet completed, and the embankment restored, as far as practicable, to its early condition.
• Lake Foy Sagar: It is a picturesque artificial lake that was created as a famine relief project in 1892 some 3 miles to the west of the city. It offers excellent views of Aravali mountains range as well migrating birds. The city used to derive its water-supply from it during colonial times. The water was conveyed into the city and suburbs through pipes which were laid underground. The capacity of the lake is 150,000,000 cubic feet.
• Prithviraj Smark: Prithviraj Smark is dedicated to Prithviraj Chauhan. It is located on the way to Taragarh Fort. This place has a life-size statue of King Prithviraj Chauhan mounted on a horse.
• Tomb of Khwaja Husain Ajmeri: Khwaja Husain Ajmeri also known as Shaikh Husain Ajmeri, he was a Grandson of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty of Ajmer from the line of Khwaja Fakhruddin's son Khwaja Husamuddin Jigar Sokhta, he was SajjadaNasheen and Mutwalli of Ajmer Dargah before and the time of Emperor Akbar and Emperor Jahangir, his tomb situated near Sola Khamba (Tomb of Khwaja Alauddin another grandson of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty of Ajmer), Behind Shahjahani Mosque Dargar Sharif Ajmer, he was leave the world in the year 1619-20 his tomb build in the year 1637–38.
• Manibandh : Also known as Chamunda Mata Mandir is one among the 108 Shakti Peeth at Gayatri hills near Pushkar, 11 km from Ajmer. It takes 14 minutes to travel from Pushkar Lake to Chamunda Mata Mandir (about 5–6 km)

Education

The city has many schools and colleges. Among them, Mayo College is a prominent college. The regional office of CBSE is located here.

Demographics

Religions in Ajmer
Religion			Percent
Hindus			83.53%
Muslims			11.58%
Jains			2.5%
Sikhs			0.94%
Others			0.18%

Population growth of Ajmer
Census	Population		%±
1891	68,800		—
1901	73,800		7.3%
1911	86,200		16.8%
1921	113,200		31.3%
1931	119,500		5.6%
1941	147,300		23.3%
1951	196,300		33.3%
1961	231,200		17.8%
1971	264,300		14.3%
1981	374,400		41.7%
1991	402,700		7.6%
2001	485,197		20.5%
2011	542,321		11.8%
source:

According to the 2011 census, Ajmer had a population of 542,321 in the city, 551,101 including its suburbs.

The female to male ratio in the city was 947/1,000. The literacy rate in the city was 86.52%, male literacy being 92.08% and female literacy being 80.69%.

Ajmer's population growth in the decade was 18.48%; this compares to a growth figure of 20.93% in the previous decade.

Population growth through the years

Year	Population
1891	68,800
1901	73,800
1911	86,200
1921	113,200
1931	119,500
1941	147,300
1951	196,300
1961	231,200
1968	265,200
1971	264,300
1981	374,400
1991	402,700
2001	485,197
2011	542,321

Villages

• Ajaysar Village, Rajasthan, located in Srinagar block of Ajmer district
• Ashok Nagar Ajmer (1989), colony

See also

• Delhi Gate, Ajmer
• Ajmeri Gate
  • Ajmeri Gate metro station
• Qabil Ajmeri
• Ajmeri Kalakand
• Marwari language, also known as Ajmeri, spoken around Marwar and Ajmer

References

Bibliography

• Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9780842606189.
• Har Bilas Sarda (1911). "Adhai-Din-ka-Jhonpra" (PDF). Ajmer: Historical and Descriptive. Scottish Mission.
• R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. OCLC 11038728.
• W.D. Begg: The Holy Biography of Hazrat Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti (Millat Book Centre, Delhi, 1999).
• Ajmer The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 5, p. 137-146.

External links

• Ajmer District website
• R. Nath Mughal Architecture Image Collection, Images from Ajmer - University of Washington Digital Collection