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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Dhule}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Dhule}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=July 2015}}
{{Copy edit|date=March 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2021}}
}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}


{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
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| image_caption                  = Laling Fort
| image_caption                  = Laling Fort
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'''Dhule district''' is a [[Districts of Maharashtra|district]] of the [[Maharashtra]] state in the western region of [[India]]. The city of [[Dhule]] is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is part of [[North Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sonawane|first=Santosh|title=Harmonized growth of North Maharashtra|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/harmonized-growth-of-north-maharashtra/articleshow/4961788.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>


The [[Dhule]] district previously comprised tracts of land predominantly inhabited by tribal populations. The [[Dhule]] district was then bifurcated on 1 July 1998 into two separate districts now known as [[Dhule]] and [[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]], the latter comprising the tribal region. Agriculture remains the basic profession of the population in this district. Most parts of the district do not have irrigation infrastructure and thus cultivation heavily depends on regular [[Monsoon]] or rainwater. Apart from wheat, bajra, jowar, jwari or onion, the most favoured commercial crop is cotton. The majority of the population in the rural area speaks [[Ahirani]] (a dialect of [[Marathi language|Marathi]]), however, [[Marathi language|Marathi]] is more widely spoken in the urban areas. Around 26.11% of the [[Dhule]] district's population reside in urban areas.<ref>
The '''Dhule district''' is a [[Districts of Maharashtra|district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The city of [[Dhule]] is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is part of [[North Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sonawane|first=Santosh|title=Harmonized growth of North Maharashtra|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/harmonized-growth-of-north-maharashtra/articleshow/4961788.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>
 
The Dhule district previously comprised tracts of land predominantly inhabited by tribal populations. It was then bifurcated on 1 July 1998 into two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar, the latter comprising the tribal region. Agriculture remains the basic profession in this district. As most parts of the district do not have irrigation infrastructure, cultivation heavily depends on regular [[monsoon|monsoons]] and rainwater. Apart from wheat, ''bajra'', [[Jowar|''jowar'']], [[Jwari|''jwari'']], or onion, the most favoured commercial crop is cotton. The majority of the rural population speaks [[Ahirani]] (a dialect of [[Marathi language|Marathi]]), though Marathi is more widely spoken in urban areas. Around 26.11% of the district's population reside in urban areas.<ref>
{{cite web
{{cite web
  |url        = http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm
  |url        = http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Dhule district is famous for the production of pure milk. Milk cattle used to be fed with cotton pend (cattle feed made by using cotton extract), which would produce rich quality milk. Customers in Delhi used to wait for the delivery of milk from this region.
The Dhule district is known for producing pure milk. Milk cattle used to be fed with cotton pend (cattle feed made with cotton extract), which would produce rich quality milk.


[[Dondaicha-Warwade|Dondaicha]], part of Dhule district, is the only town in the State to produce glucose, sugar, and other products from maize. The district is also famous for the production and market of chilies.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
[[Dondaicha-Warwade|Dondaicha]], part of the Dhule district, is the only town in the state to produce glucose, sugar, and other products from maize. The district is also famous for the production and market of chilies.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}


The [[Dhule]] District is a part of [[Maharashtra]]'s historical region of [[Khandesh]]. For administrative purposes, it is now part of the [[Nashik Division]].
The Dhule district is a part of Maharashtra's historical region of [[Khandesh]]. For administrative purposes, it is now part of the [[Nashik division]].


==History==
==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2021}}
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2021}}


<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dhule.nic.in/html/history.htm|title=History of Dhule District|publisher=Official Website of Dhule District|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606042137/http://dhule.nic.in/html/history.htm|archive-date=6 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The district of Dhule was previously known as West Khandesh district.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Khandesh, East and West |volume=15 |page=771}}</ref> The ancient name of this region was Rasika. It is bounded on the east by Berar (Ancient Vidarbha), on the north by the Nemad district (Ancient Anupa) and on the south by the Aurangabad (ancient Mulaka) and Bhir (ancient Asmaka) districts. Later the country came to be called as Seunadesa after the king, Seunchandra of the early [[Yadava dynasty]], who ruled over it. Subsequently, its name was changed to Khandesh to suit the title khan given to the Faruqi kings by King Ahmad I of Guzerat.
The district of Dhule was previously known as West Khandesh district.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Khandesh, East and West |volume=15 |page=771}}</ref> It is bordered by Berar in the east, the Nemad district in the north, and the Aurangabad and Bhir districts in the south. The region was later named Seunadesa after the king, Seunchandra of the early [[Yadava dynasty]], who ruled over it. Subsequently, its name was changed to Khandesh to suit the title of [[Khan (title)|khan]] given to the [[Farooqui|Farooqi]] kings by King Ahmad I of Guzerat.


Agastya Sage was the first to crossed Vindhya and resided on the bank of Godavari. This territory was included in the empire of [[Ashoka]]. [[Pushyamitra]], the founder of [[Shunga dynasty]] overthrew [[Maurya dynasty]]. Later on, Satavahan ruled over the region.
Agastya Sage was the first to cross Vindhya and reside on the bank of Godavari. This territory was included in the empire of [[Ashoka]]. [[Pushyamitra]], the founder of the [[Shunga dynasty]] ,overthrew the [[Maurya dynasty]]. Later, Satavahan ruled over the region.


About A.D. 250, the Satavahans were supplanted by the [[Abhira]]s or [[Ahir]]s in Western Maharashtra (Region Isvarsena).  The names of feudatories of [[Abhira]]s that ruled in Khandesh was found from copperplates discovered at Kalachala (Gujarath) and Cave X5II at Ajanta. After the downfall of Satavahans, the Vakatakas rose to power in Vidarbha. The Vakatakas were overthrown by the Rastrakuta family. This region was ruled by Chalukyas of Badami and subsequently Yadavas.
About 250 AD, the Satavahans were supplanted by the [[Abhira]]s or [[Ahir]]s in Western Maharashtra.  The names of feudatories of Abhiras that ruled in Khandesh were found from copper plates discovered at Kalachala and Cave X5II at Ajanta. After the downfall of the Satavahans, the Vakatakas rose to power in Vidarbha before being overthrown by the Rastrakuta family. This region was ruled by Chalukyas of Badami and subsequently Yadavas.


In A.D. 1296, Ala-ud-din Khilji invaded Ramachandra Yadava who agreed to pay a heavy ransom. His son Sankaragana discontinued sending the stipulated tribute to Delhi and then defected and slain by Malik Kafur in A.D. 1318.
In 1296 AD, Ala-ud-din Khilji invaded Ramachandra Yadava who agreed to pay a heavy ransom. His son Sankaragana stopped sending the stipulated tribute to Delhi before defecting and being slain by Malik Kafur in A.D. 1318.


In 1345, Devagiri was passed into the hands of Hasan Gangu, the founder of the Bahamani dynasty. However, Khandesh formed the Southern boundaries of the Tashlug empire.
In 1345, Devagiri was passed into the hands of Hasan Gangu, the founder of the Bahamani dynasty. However, Khandesh formed the southern boundaries of the Tashlug empire.


In 1370, Firoz Taghluq assigned the district of [[Thalner]] and Karavanda to Malik Raja Faruqui, the founder of the Faruqui dynasty. His family claimed the descent from Khaliph Umer Faruq. He established himself at Thaler. The governor of Gujarat honoured Malik Raja with the little ‘Sipahsalar of Khandesh’. From the little Khan, the region came to be known as ‘Khandesh’ the country of Khan. During the period, a rich ahir 'Asa' of [[Asirgad]] had many storehouses in Gondwana and Khandesh which were opened in order to sell the corn. However, his wife was of a charitable disposition persuaded Asa to allow the grains to be distributed to the poor and suffering without payment to which Asa agreed. It was also with a view to employing many of the sufferers as labours that Asa levelled the old wall of Asir and constructed a fort built of masonry. Asa also distributed food to aged and decrepit who were unable to perform manual labour. The Ahir chief in spite of his wealth and strength of this fort, without any struggle, acknowledged the supremacy of Malik Raja bequeathed Laling to his elder son Malik Nasir and Thalner to Malik Iftikar.
In 1370, Firoz Taghluq assigned the district of [[Thalner]] and Karavanda to Malik Raja Farooqui, the founder of the Farooqui dynasty. His family claimed the descent from Khaliph Umer Farooq, and he established himself at Thaler. From the little Khan, the region came to be known as Khandesh. During the period, a rich [[ahir]], Asa of [[Asirgad]], had many storehouses in Gondwana and Khandesh which were opened in order to sell corn. However, his wife persuaded Asa to distribute the grains to the poor and suffering without payment, to which Asa agreed. He also distributed food to the aged and decrepit who were unable to perform manual labor. The ahir chief, in spite of his wealth and strength of this fort, acknowledged the supremacy of Malik Raja without struggle, and bequeathed Laling to his elder son Malik Nasir and Thalner to Malik Iftikar.


Malik Nasir had decided that upon seizing Asirgad, he would make it his own capital. He, therefore, wrote to Asa complaining that he was in great problems as the chief of [[Baglana]], Antur and Kherla was rising against him. Of those; two had collected large forces. Laling, to close to enemy territories was not a safe retreat. He requested Asa to afford his family a safe retreat. Asa ordered suitable apartments to be filled up for the Malik Nasir's ladies. Shortly after that several covered litters with women were brought into Asirgad and were visited by Asa's wife and daughters. The next day another of 200 litters arrived reportedly occupied by Malik Nasir's family. Asa along with his son went to receive them but to his astonishment instead of women, he found the litters full of armed soldiers who leapt up and murdered Asa and his innocent sons in cold blood. Not a single male child in the family was left alive. The treacherous and cunning Malik Nasir returned from his camp at laling to the Asirgad fort. Shortly after this a disciple of Shaikh Zain Uddin, the tutelary saint of the family came to congratulate Malik Nasir on his success. On his advice, Malik Nasir built two cities on the bank of Tapi, on the east Bank called Zainabad after the Saikh and the other on the west Bank called Burhanpur after Shaikh Burhanuddin of Daulatabad. The Burhanpur became the capital of farugui dynasty. In 1917 Malik Nasir defected his younger brother Malik Iftikar.
Nasir decided that he would make Asirgad his own capital upon seizing it. He wrote to Asa complaining that he was in great problems as the chiefs of [[Baglana]], Antur, and Kherla were rising against him; of those, two had gathered large forces. Laling, too close to enemy territories was not a safe retreat, and he requested Asa to give his family a safe retreat. Asa ordered suitable apartments to be filled up for Nasir's women. Shortly after that women were brought into Asirgad and were visited by Asa's wife and daughters. The next day another of 200 groups arrived reportedly occupied by Nasir's family. Asa along with his son went to receive them, but the groups were full of armed soldiers who leaped up and murdered Asa and his sons. Nasir returned from his camp at Laling to the Asirgad fort. Shortly after this a disciple of Shaikh Zain Uddin, the tutelary saint of the family came to congratulate Nasir on his success. On his advice, Nasir built two cities on the bank of Tapi: Zainabad on the east bank and Burhanpur on the west bank. The latter became the capital of the Farooqi dynasty. In 1917 Nasir defected to his younger brother Iftikar.


On 6 January 1601 Khandesh came under the Akbar regime. Khandesh was fancifully named by Akbar a Dandes after his son Daniyal. In 1634 Khandesh was made into a Suba.
On 6 January 1601 Khandesh came under the Akbar regime. Khandesh was named by Akbar a Dandes after his son Daniyal. In 1634 Khandesh was made into a ''suba''.


On 3 June 1818, the Peshva surrendered himself before the British and Khandesh came under British rule. It was part of Khandesh district till that district was divided in 1906,<ref name=EB1911/> and although the present name was not used then, the present district can be traced back to that year.
On 3 June 1818, the [[Peshwa]] surrendered himself before the British and Khandesh came under British rule. It was part of the Khandesh district until the district was divided in 1906.<ref name=EB1911/>


==Geography==
==Geography==
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{{Weather box Dhule}}
{{Weather box Dhule}}
The climate of this district is on the whole dry except during the southwest monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May. The south-west monsoon season which follows thereafter lasts till September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The average annual rainfall in the district is 674.0&nbsp;mm. (26.53"). The rainfall is heavier in the hilly regions of the western ghats and the Satpuda ranges. Navapur near the western border has an annual rainfall of 1097.1&nbsp; mm (43.19"). The rainfall during the south-west monsoon constitutes about 88 per cent of the annual rainfall, July being the rainiest month. Some rainfall is received mostly as thunder-showers in the post-monsoon season.
The climate of the Dhule district is usually dry, except during the southwest monsoon season. The year can be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May. The south-west monsoon season that follows afterwards lasts until September, and October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The average annual rainfall in the district is {{Convert|674.0|mm|in}}. The rainfall is heavier in the hilly regions of the Western Ghats and the Satpuda ranges. Navapur near the western border has an annual rainfall of {{Convert|1097.1|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The rainfall during the south-west monsoon constitutes about 88 percent of the annual rainfall, July being the rainiest month. Some rainfall is received mostly as thundershowers in the post-monsoon season.


Except during the south-west monsoon season when the humidity is above 70 per cent, the air is rather dry over the district during the rest of the year. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the relative humidity is only 20 to 25 per cent in the afternoons.
Aside from the south-west monsoon season, when the humidity is above 70 per cent, the air is rather dry over the district during the rest of the year. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the relative humidity is only 20 to 25 per cent in the afternoon.


From about the latter half of February, temperatures increase steadily till May which is the hottest part of the year with the mean daily maximum temperature at 40.7&nbsp;°C (105.3&nbsp;°F) and the mean daily minimum at 25.80 C (78.4&nbsp;°F). Hot, dry winds blow during April and May and the heat is intense with the maximum temperatures going above 45&nbsp;°C (113.0&nbsp;°F) on some days. Thunder-showers occur during the afternoons and bring welcome relief from the heat on some days. With the onset of the southwest monsoon by about the second week of June, there is an appreciable drop in day temperatures and the weather is pleasant in the south-west monsoon season. By about the beginning of October when the south-west monsoon withdraws, day temperatures begin to rise and a secondary maximum in day temperature is reached in October. The night temperatures, however, steadily decrease. From November, both day and night temperatures drop rapidly till January which is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 30.'3&nbsp;°C (86.50 F) and the mean daily minimum at 16.2&nbsp;°C (61.2&nbsp;°F). During the cold season, cold waves which sometimes affect the district in association with western disturbances which pass across north India the minimum temperature may drop down to about 8° to 9&nbsp;°C (46.4° to 48.2&nbsp;°F).
From about the latter half of February, temperatures increase steadily until May. Hot, dry winds blow during April and May. With the onset of the south-west monsoon by about the second week of June, there is a drop in day temperatures. By about the beginning of October when the south-west monsoon withdraws, day temperatures begin to rise while night temperatures decrease. From November, both day and night temperatures drop rapidly until January. During the cold season, cold waves may drop the lowest temperature down to about {{Convert|8-9|C|F}}.


Winds are generally light to moderate with some strengthening in force during the summer and monsoon seasons. During the southwest monsoon season, winds are mainly south-westerly to westerly. In the post-monsoon season winds are light and variable in directions in the mornings and north-easterly to easterly in the afternoon. In the winter and summer seasons winds are mostly from directions between south-west and north-west, with northerly or northeasterly winds blowing on some afternoons.
Winds are generally light to moderate; during the summer and monsoon seasons they become stronger. During the south-west monsoon season, winds are mainly south-westerly to westerly. In the post-monsoon season winds are light and variable in directions in the mornings and north-easterly to easterly in the afternoon.


==Divisions==
==Divisions==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}


The district is further divided into two sub-divisions and four [[Tehsil|talukas]] for administrative purposes. Dhule and Sakri talukas are part of Dhule sub-division while Sindkheda and Shirpur talukas are part of Shirpur sub-division.
The district is divided into two sub-divisions and four [[Tehsil|talukas]] for administrative purposes. The Dhule and Sakri talukas are part of the Dhule sub-division while Sindkheda and Shirpur talukas are part of the Shirpur sub-division. There were five [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in this district: Sakri, Shirpur, Sindkheda, Kusumba, and Dhule. Dhule was the only [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in this district. Shirpur Vidhan Sabha constituency was part of the Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency.
Earlier there were five [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in this district. These were Sakri, Shirpur, Sindkheda, Kusumba and Dhule. Dhule was the only [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in this district. Shirpur Vidhan Sabha constituency was part of the Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency.


After 2002 delimitation, now there is only one [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in the district which is [[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhule Lok Sabha constituency]] comprising the six Maharashtra Assembly constituencies of [[Dhule Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule Rural]], [[Dhule City (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule City]] and [[Sindkheda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sindkheda]]. From [[Nashik district]], [[Malegaon Outer (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malegaon Outer]], [[Malegaon Central (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malegaon City]] and [[Baglan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baglan]] are included in this lok sabha constituency. Sakri and Shirpur taluka's, though they are from Dhule district, the Legislative Assembly are the part of [[Nandurbar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandurbar Lok Sabha]] seat.
After its delimitation in 2002, there is only one [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in the district, [[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhule Lok Sabha constituency]], comprising the six Maharashtra Assembly constituencies of [[Dhule Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule Rural]], [[Dhule City (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule City]], and [[Sindkheda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sindkheda]]. From [[Nashik district]], [[Malegaon Outer (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malegaon Outer]], [[Malegaon Central (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malegaon City]], and [[Baglan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Baglan]] are included in this Lok Sabha constituency.


There are five [[Maharashtra State Assembly]] seats namely [[Dhule Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule Rural]], [[Dhule City (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule City]], [[Sindkheda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sindkheda]], [[Sakri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sakri]] and [[Shirpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shirpur]].
There are five [[Maharashtra State Assembly]] seats: [[Dhule Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule Rural]], [[Dhule City (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhule City]], [[Sindkheda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sindkheda]], [[Sakri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sakri]], and [[Shirpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shirpur]].


==Economy==
==Economy==
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Dhule district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,050,862,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Botswana]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Botswana 2,065,398
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], the Dhule district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,050,862,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> giving it a ranking of 223rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 285 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 19.96%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Dhule has a [[sex ratio]] of 946 females for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 72.80%.<ref name=districtcensus/>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,57,194|13=1911|14=3,20,907|15=1921|16=3,40,792|17=1931|18=4,10,080|19=1941|20=4,85,081|21=1951|22=6,08,112|23=1961|24=7,85,278|25=1971|26=9,69,714|27=1981|28=12,02,284|29=1991|30=14,73,170|31=2001|32=17,07,947|33=2011|34=20,50,862|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}At the time of the 2011 census, 33.78% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 28.70% [[Khandeshi language|Khandeshi]], 10.51% [[Bhili language|Bhili]], 6.74% [[Urdu]], 5.88% [[Rathwi Bareli language|Pawri]], 3.27 [[Hindi]], 3.07% [[Dhodia-Kukna language|Kokna]], 1.96% [[Konkani language|Konkani]], 1.14% [[Gamit language|Mawchi]], and 1.11% [[Lambadi|Banjari]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=2011-09-30 |quote=New Mexico - 2,059,179 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=2013-10-19 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 223rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 285 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.96%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Dhule has a [[sex ratio]] of 946 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 72.80%.<ref name=districtcensus/>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,57,194|13=1911|14=3,20,907|15=1921|16=3,40,792|17=1931|18=4,10,080|19=1941|20=4,85,081|21=1951|22=6,08,112|23=1961|24=7,85,278|25=1971|26=9,69,714|27=1981|28=12,02,284|29=1991|30=14,73,170|31=2001|32=17,07,947|33=2011|34=20,50,862|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 33.78% of the population in the district spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 28.70% [[Khandeshi language|Khandeshi]], 10.51% [[Bhili language|Bhili]], 6.74% [[Urdu]], 5.88% [[Rathwi Bareli language|Pawri]], 3.27 [[Hindi]], 3.07% [[Dhodia-Kukna language|Kokna]], 1.96% [[Konkani language|Konkani]], 1.14% [[Gamit language|Mawchi]] and 1.11% [[Lambadi|Banjari]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>


Languages spoken include [[Ahirani language|Ahirani]], a [[Khandeshi languages|Kandeshi]] tongue with approximately 780 000 speakers, similar to [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Bhili language|Bhili]];<ref name="ethnoahirani">{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Ahirani: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ahr | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Bhilali language|Bhilali]], with 150 000 speakers;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bhilali: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bhi | access-date = 2011-09-30 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> and three mutually unintelligible [[Bareli languages]]: [[Palya Bareli language|Palya Bareli]], a [[Bhil languages|Bhil]] language with approximately 10 000 speakers centred in Madhya Pradesh;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Palya: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bpx | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Pauri Bareli language|Pauri Bareli]], with approximately 175 000 speakers, written in the [[Devanagari script]];<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Pauri: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bfb | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> and [[Rathwi Bareli language|Rathwi Bareli]], with approximately 64 000 speakers.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Rathwi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bgd | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>
Languages spoken include [[Ahirani language|Ahirani]], a [[Khandeshi languages|Kandeshi]] tongue with approximately 780,000 speakers, similar to [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Bhili language|Bhili]];<ref name="ethnoahirani">{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Ahirani: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ahr | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Bhilali language|Bhilali]], with 150,000 speakers;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bhilali: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bhi | access-date = 2011-09-30 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> and three mutually unintelligible Bareli languages: [[Palya Bareli language|Palya Bareli]], a [[Bhil languages|Bhil]] language with approximately 10,000 speakers centred in Madhya Pradesh;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Palya: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bpx | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Pauri Bareli language|Pauri Bareli]], with approximately 175,000 speakers, written in the [[Devanagari script]];<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Pauri: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bfb | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> and [[Rathwi Bareli language|Rathwi Bareli]], with approximately 64,000 speakers.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bareli, Rathwi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bgd | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==


* [[Nashik division]]
* [[Nashik division]]
* [[Dhule|Dhule City]]
* [[Dhule City (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Dhule Rural (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[List of villages in Dhule district]]
* [[List of villages in Dhule district]]


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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://dhule.nic.in Official website of Dhule district]
* [http://dhule.nic.in Official website of Dhule district]
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{{Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra}}
{{Narmada basin}}
{{Narmada basin}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{Coord|20|54|12|N|74|46|29|E|region:IN-MH_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Dhule district| ]]
[[Category:Dhule district| ]]
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[[Category:Nashik division]]
[[Category:Nashik division]]
[[Category:1906 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1906 establishments in India]]
{{en-Wikipedia}}

Revision as of 23:11, 19 May 2021

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Dhule.
Dhule district
District of Maharashtra
Laling Fort
Laling Fort
Location of Dhule district in Maharashtra
Location of Dhule district in Maharashtra
CountryIndia
StateMaharashtra
DivisionNashik Division
HeadquartersDhule
Tehsils1. Dhule, 2. Shirpur, 3. Sindkheda, 4. Sakri
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies1. Dhule (shared with Nashik District), 2. Nandurbar (ST) (shared with Nandurbar District) (Based on Election Commission website)
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencies1. Dhule City, 2. Dhule Rural (Includes Dhule Outer), 3. Shirpur, 4. Sindkheda, 5. Sakri
Area
 • Total7,195 km2 (2,778 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total2,050,862
 • Density290/km2 (740/sq mi)
 • Urban
777,569
Demographics
 • Literacy72.80%
 • Sex ratio946
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH-3, NH-6, NH-211 Nagaon Bari
Average annual precipitation544 mm
Websitehttp://dhule.nic.in

The Dhule district is a district of Maharashtra, India. The city of Dhule is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is part of North Maharashtra.[1]

The Dhule district previously comprised tracts of land predominantly inhabited by tribal populations. It was then bifurcated on 1 July 1998 into two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar, the latter comprising the tribal region. Agriculture remains the basic profession in this district. As most parts of the district do not have irrigation infrastructure, cultivation heavily depends on regular monsoons and rainwater. Apart from wheat, bajra, jowar, jwari, or onion, the most favoured commercial crop is cotton. The majority of the rural population speaks Ahirani (a dialect of Marathi), though Marathi is more widely spoken in urban areas. Around 26.11% of the district's population reside in urban areas.[2]

The Dhule district is known for producing pure milk. Milk cattle used to be fed with cotton pend (cattle feed made with cotton extract), which would produce rich quality milk.

Dondaicha, part of the Dhule district, is the only town in the state to produce glucose, sugar, and other products from maize. The district is also famous for the production and market of chilies.[citation needed]

The Dhule district is a part of Maharashtra's historical region of Khandesh. For administrative purposes, it is now part of the Nashik division.

History

The district of Dhule was previously known as West Khandesh district.[3] It is bordered by Berar in the east, the Nemad district in the north, and the Aurangabad and Bhir districts in the south. The region was later named Seunadesa after the king, Seunchandra of the early Yadava dynasty, who ruled over it. Subsequently, its name was changed to Khandesh to suit the title of khan given to the Farooqi kings by King Ahmad I of Guzerat.

Agastya Sage was the first to cross Vindhya and reside on the bank of Godavari. This territory was included in the empire of Ashoka. Pushyamitra, the founder of the Shunga dynasty ,overthrew the Maurya dynasty. Later, Satavahan ruled over the region.

About 250 AD, the Satavahans were supplanted by the Abhiras or Ahirs in Western Maharashtra. The names of feudatories of Abhiras that ruled in Khandesh were found from copper plates discovered at Kalachala and Cave X5II at Ajanta. After the downfall of the Satavahans, the Vakatakas rose to power in Vidarbha before being overthrown by the Rastrakuta family. This region was ruled by Chalukyas of Badami and subsequently Yadavas.

In 1296 AD, Ala-ud-din Khilji invaded Ramachandra Yadava who agreed to pay a heavy ransom. His son Sankaragana stopped sending the stipulated tribute to Delhi before defecting and being slain by Malik Kafur in A.D. 1318.

In 1345, Devagiri was passed into the hands of Hasan Gangu, the founder of the Bahamani dynasty. However, Khandesh formed the southern boundaries of the Tashlug empire.

In 1370, Firoz Taghluq assigned the district of Thalner and Karavanda to Malik Raja Farooqui, the founder of the Farooqui dynasty. His family claimed the descent from Khaliph Umer Farooq, and he established himself at Thaler. From the little Khan, the region came to be known as Khandesh. During the period, a rich ahir, Asa of Asirgad, had many storehouses in Gondwana and Khandesh which were opened in order to sell corn. However, his wife persuaded Asa to distribute the grains to the poor and suffering without payment, to which Asa agreed. He also distributed food to the aged and decrepit who were unable to perform manual labor. The ahir chief, in spite of his wealth and strength of this fort, acknowledged the supremacy of Malik Raja without struggle, and bequeathed Laling to his elder son Malik Nasir and Thalner to Malik Iftikar.

Nasir decided that he would make Asirgad his own capital upon seizing it. He wrote to Asa complaining that he was in great problems as the chiefs of Baglana, Antur, and Kherla were rising against him; of those, two had gathered large forces. Laling, too close to enemy territories was not a safe retreat, and he requested Asa to give his family a safe retreat. Asa ordered suitable apartments to be filled up for Nasir's women. Shortly after that women were brought into Asirgad and were visited by Asa's wife and daughters. The next day another of 200 groups arrived reportedly occupied by Nasir's family. Asa along with his son went to receive them, but the groups were full of armed soldiers who leaped up and murdered Asa and his sons. Nasir returned from his camp at Laling to the Asirgad fort. Shortly after this a disciple of Shaikh Zain Uddin, the tutelary saint of the family came to congratulate Nasir on his success. On his advice, Nasir built two cities on the bank of Tapi: Zainabad on the east bank and Burhanpur on the west bank. The latter became the capital of the Farooqi dynasty. In 1917 Nasir defected to his younger brother Iftikar.

On 6 January 1601 Khandesh came under the Akbar regime. Khandesh was named by Akbar a Dandes after his son Daniyal. In 1634 Khandesh was made into a suba.

On 3 June 1818, the Peshwa surrendered himself before the British and Khandesh came under British rule. It was part of the Khandesh district until the district was divided in 1906.[3]

Geography

Climate

Climate data for Dhule
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29
(84) 		32
(90) 		36
(97) 		38
(100) 		39
(102) 		34
(93) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		32
(90) 		30
(86) 		28
(82) 		32
(90)
Average low °C (°F) 12
(54) 		14
(57) 		19
(66) 		22
(72) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		19
(66) 		15
(59) 		12
(54) 		19
(66)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 33.33
(1.31) 		2.1
(0.08) 		3.3
(0.13) 		3.5
(0.14) 		4.4
(0.17) 		114.2
(4.50) 		115.6
(4.55) 		119.6
(4.71) 		121.6
(4.79) 		60.8
(2.39) 		10.7
(0.42) 		6.5
(0.26) 		595.63
(23.45)
Source: Dhule Weather

The climate of the Dhule district is usually dry, except during the southwest monsoon season. The year can be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May. The south-west monsoon season that follows afterwards lasts until September, and October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The average annual rainfall in the district is 674.0 millimetres (26.54 in). The rainfall is heavier in the hilly regions of the Western Ghats and the Satpuda ranges. Navapur near the western border has an annual rainfall of 1,097.1 mm (43.19 in). The rainfall during the south-west monsoon constitutes about 88 percent of the annual rainfall, July being the rainiest month. Some rainfall is received mostly as thundershowers in the post-monsoon season.

Aside from the south-west monsoon season, when the humidity is above 70 per cent, the air is rather dry over the district during the rest of the year. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the relative humidity is only 20 to 25 per cent in the afternoon.

From about the latter half of February, temperatures increase steadily until May. Hot, dry winds blow during April and May. With the onset of the south-west monsoon by about the second week of June, there is a drop in day temperatures. By about the beginning of October when the south-west monsoon withdraws, day temperatures begin to rise while night temperatures decrease. From November, both day and night temperatures drop rapidly until January. During the cold season, cold waves may drop the lowest temperature down to about 8–9 °C (46–48 °F).

Winds are generally light to moderate; during the summer and monsoon seasons they become stronger. During the south-west monsoon season, winds are mainly south-westerly to westerly. In the post-monsoon season winds are light and variable in directions in the mornings and north-easterly to easterly in the afternoon.

Divisions

The district is divided into two sub-divisions and four talukas for administrative purposes. The Dhule and Sakri talukas are part of the Dhule sub-division while Sindkheda and Shirpur talukas are part of the Shirpur sub-division. There were five Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Sakri, Shirpur, Sindkheda, Kusumba, and Dhule. Dhule was the only Lok Sabha constituency in this district. Shirpur Vidhan Sabha constituency was part of the Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency.

After its delimitation in 2002, there is only one Lok Sabha constituency in the district, Dhule Lok Sabha constituency, comprising the six Maharashtra Assembly constituencies of Dhule Rural, Dhule City, and Sindkheda. From Nashik district, Malegaon Outer, Malegaon City, and Baglan are included in this Lok Sabha constituency.

There are five Maharashtra State Assembly seats: Dhule Rural, Dhule City, Sindkheda, Sakri, and Shirpur.

Economy

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Dhule one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[4] It is one of the twelve districts in Maharashtra currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[4]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the Dhule district has a population of 2,050,862,[5] giving it a ranking of 223rd in India (out of a total of 640).[5] The district has a population density of 285 inhabitants per square kilometre (740/sq mi) .[5] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 19.96%.[5] Dhule has a sex ratio of 946 females for every 1000 males,[5] and a literacy rate of 72.80%.[5]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901257,194—    
1911320,907+2.24%
1921340,792+0.60%
1931410,080+1.87%
1941485,081+1.69%
1951608,112+2.29%
1961785,278+2.59%
1971969,714+2.13%
19811,202,284+2.17%
19911,473,170+2.05%
20011,707,947+1.49%
20112,050,862+1.85%
source:[6]

At the time of the 2011 census, 33.78% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 28.70% Khandeshi, 10.51% Bhili, 6.74% Urdu, 5.88% Pawri, 3.27 Hindi, 3.07% Kokna, 1.96% Konkani, 1.14% Mawchi, and 1.11% Banjari as their first language.[7]

Languages spoken include Ahirani, a Kandeshi tongue with approximately 780,000 speakers, similar to Marathi and Bhili;[8] Bhilali, with 150,000 speakers;[9] and three mutually unintelligible Bareli languages: Palya Bareli, a Bhil language with approximately 10,000 speakers centred in Madhya Pradesh;[10] Pauri Bareli, with approximately 175,000 speakers, written in the Devanagari script;[11] and Rathwi Bareli, with approximately 64,000 speakers.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sonawane, Santosh. "Harmonized growth of North Maharashtra". The Economic Times. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 July 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Khandesh, East and West" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 771.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  6. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  7. ↑ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
  8. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Ahirani: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  9. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhilali: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  10. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bareli, Palya: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  11. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bareli, Pauri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  12. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bareli, Rathwi: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.

External links


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