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| suboffice1          = [[Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - IV]]
| suboffice1          = [[Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - IV]]
| predecessor1        = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor1        = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor1          = O. Panneerselvam
| successor1          = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency1      = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| constituency1      = [[Srirangam Assembly constituency|Srirangam]]
| term_start2        = 2 March 2002
| term_start2        = 2 March 2002
| term_end2          = 12 May 2006
| term_end2          = 12 May 2006
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| subterm2            = '''Cabinet'''
| subterm2            = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice2          = [[Third Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - III]]
| suboffice2          = [[Third Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - III]]
| predecessor2        = O. Panneerselvam
| predecessor2        = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor2          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor2          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency2      = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| constituency2      = [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]
| term_start3        = 14 May 2001
| term_start3        = 14 May 2001
| term_end3          = 21 September 2001
| term_end3          = 21 September 2001
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| subterm3            = '''Cabinet'''
| subterm3            = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice3          = [[Second Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - II]]
| suboffice3          = [[Second Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - II]]
| predecessor3        = M. Karunanidhi
| predecessor3        = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor3          = O. Panneerselvam
| successor3          = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency3      = ''Did not contest''
| constituency3      = ''Did not contest''
| term_start4        = 24 June 1991
| term_start4        = 24 June 1991
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| suboffice4          = [[First Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - I]]
| suboffice4          = [[First Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa ministry - I]]
| predecessor4        = [[President's rule]]
| predecessor4        = [[President's rule]]
| successor4          = [M. Karunanidhi
| successor4          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency4      = {{ubl||[[Bargur Assembly constituency|Bargur]]|[[Kangayam Assembly constituency|Kangayam]]}}
| constituency4      = [[Bargur Assembly constituency|Bargur]]
| office5            = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| office5            = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start5        = 3 April 1984
| term_start5        = 3 April 1984
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| 1namedata5          = {{ubl|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]|[[N. D. Tiwari]]|[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
| 1namedata5          = {{ubl|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]|[[N. D. Tiwari]]|[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
| predecessor5        = [[Sathiavani Muthu]]
| predecessor5        = [[Sathiavani Muthu]]
| successor5          = [[Tha. Kiruttinan|Pasupon Tha. Kiruttinan]]
| successor5          = [[Tha. Kiruttinan|Pasumpon Tha. Kiruttinan]]
| constituency5      = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| constituency5      = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| office6            = 9th [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| office6            = 9th [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
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| term_end6          = 14 May 2011
| term_end6          = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname6        = Chief Minister
| 1blankname6        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata6          = M. Karunanidhi
| 1namedata6          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| deputy6            = O. Panneerselvam      
| deputy6            = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| predecessor6        = O. Panneerselvam
| predecessor6        = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor6          = [[Vijayakanth|Vijayakant]]
| successor6          = [[Vijayakant]]
| constituency6      = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| constituency6      = [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]
| deputy7            = [[Su. Thirunavukkarasar]]
| deputy7            = [[Su. Thirunavukkarasar]]
| 1blankname7        = Chief Minister
| 1blankname7        = Chief Minister
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| predecessor7        = [[O. Subramanian]]
| predecessor7        = [[O. Subramanian]]
| successor7          = S. R. Eradha
| successor7          = S. R. Eradha
| constituency7      = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| constituency7      = [[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office8            = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| office8            = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8        = 4 July 2015
| term_start8        = 4 July 2015
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| predecessor9        = [[M. Paranjothi]]
| predecessor9        = [[M. Paranjothi]]
| successor9          = [[S. Valarmathi]]
| successor9          = [[S. Valarmathi]]
| constituency9      = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| constituency9      = [[Srirangam Assembly constituency|Srirangam]]
| term_start10        = 24 February 2002
| term_start10        = 24 February 2002
| term_end10          = 14 May 2011
| term_end10          = 14 May 2011
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| predecessor10      = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| predecessor10      = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| successor10        = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| successor10        = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| constituency10      = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| constituency10      = [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]
| term_start11        = 1 July 1991
| term_start11        = 1 July 1991
| term_end11          = 12 May 1996
| term_end11          = 12 May 1996
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| predecessor11      = K. R. Rajendran
| predecessor11      = K. R. Rajendran
| successor11        = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
| successor11        = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
| constituency11      = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| constituency11      = [[Bargur Assembly constituency|Bargur]]
| term_start12        = 1 July 1991  
| term_start12        = 1 July 1991  
| term_end12          = 23 July 1991  
| term_end12          = 23 July 1991  
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| 1namedata12        = ''Herself''
| 1namedata12        = ''Herself''
| predecessor12      = P. Marapan
| predecessor12      = P. Marapan
| successor12        = [[R. M. Veerappan]]|constituency12 = [[Kangayam (state assembly constituency)|Kangayam]]                     
| successor12        = [[R. M. Veerappan]]
| constituency12     = [[Kangayam Assembly constituency|Kangayam]]                     
| term_start13        = 6 February 1989
| term_start13        = 6 February 1989
| term_end13          = 30 January 1991
| term_end13          = 30 January 1991
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| predecessor13      = K. S. M. Ramachandran
| predecessor13      = K. S. M. Ramachandran
| successor13        = V. Panneerselvam
| successor13        = V. Panneerselvam
| constituency13      = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| constituency13      = [[Bodinayakkanur Assembly constituency|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office14            = 5th [[Secretary (title)|General Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| office14            = 5th [[Secretary (title)|General Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start14        = 9 February 1989
| term_start14        = 9 February 1989
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| 1namedata14        = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| 1namedata14        = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor14      = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]
| predecessor14      = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]
| successor14        = [[V. K. Sasikala]] {{small|(acting)}}
| successor14        = [[V. K. Sasikala]] ''(Acting)''
| office15            = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| office15            = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start15        = 5 September 1985
| term_start15        = 5 September 1985
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| 2blankname16        = General Secretary
| 2blankname16        = General Secretary
| 2namedata16        = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| 2namedata16        = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| predecessor16 = ''position established''| birth_date          = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|02|24}}
| predecessor16       = ''position established''
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|02|24}}
| birth_place        = [[Melukote]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]]<br />(present day [[Karnataka]], India)
| birth_place        = [[Melukote]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]]<br />(present day [[Karnataka]], India)
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2016|12|05|1948|02|24|df=yes}}
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2016|12|05|1948|02|24|df=yes}}
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| residence          = Veda Nilayam,<br />81, Poes Thottam, [[Teynampet]], [[Chennai]] - 600086, [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| residence          = Veda Nilayam,<br />81, Poes Thottam, [[Teynampet]], [[Chennai]] - 600086, [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| alma_mater          = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]]|[[Sacred Heart Matriculation School|Church Park Presentation Convent]]|[[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]}}
| alma_mater          = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]]|[[Sacred Heart Matriculation School|Church Park Presentation Convent]]|[[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]}}
| profession          = {{hlist|Film actress|writer|politician|philanthropist|singer|classical dancer}}
| profession          = {{hlist|Film actress|classical dancer|singer|writer|politician|philanthropist}}
| awards              = * [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1991)
| awards              = * [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1991)
* [[Kalaimamani]] (1972)
* [[Kalaimamani]] (1972)
| signature          = Jayalalithaa Signature.svg
| signature          = Jayalalithaa Signature.svg
| nickname            = ''Amma''<br />''Puratchi Thalaivi''
| nickname            = ''Amma''<br/>''Puratchi Thalaivi''<br/>''Kalai Selvi''
| module              = {{transliteration|en|Makkalaal Naan Makkalukaaga Naan}}<br />("I am by the people for the people")<div style="display:inline-block; margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|}}</div>
| module              = {{transliteration|en|Makkalaal Naan Makkalukaaga Naan}}<br/>("I am by the people for the people")<div style="display:inline-block; margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|}}</div>
}}
}}
 
'''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2001 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[Numerology#Indian numerology|numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shashi Tharoor]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020328012141/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2002 |title='Scrabble' in real life |date=23 December 2001 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |title=Chasing The Poll Stars |author=Tusha Mittal |work=Tehelka |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172959/http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}. May 2009.</ref>}} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and actress who served as [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years over six terms between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016, she was the 5th and longest-serving [[Secretary (title)|general secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK),<ref name="JayaGenSecy"/> a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (Mother) and "''{{lang|ta|Puratchi Thalaivi}}''" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news |title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa |access-date=18 December 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
'''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2000 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[Numerology#Indian numerology|numerological]] reasons.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} }} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and actress who served as [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years over six terms between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016, she was the 5th and longest-serving [[Secretary (title)|general secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK),<ref name="JayaGenSecy"/> a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (Mother) and "''{{lang|ta|Puratchi Thalaivi}}''" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news |title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa |access-date=18 December 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a [[personality cult]] and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers, who often publicly [[Prostration|prostrated]] themselves before her.<ref name="outlook20110321" />


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
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== Early life, education and family ==
== Early life, education and family ==
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 to Jayaram and Vedavalli (Sandhya) in a [[Tamil Brahmin]] [[Iyengar]] family at [[Melukote]], [[Pandavapura]] taluk, [[Mandya]] district, then in [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]). She was initially named Komalavalli after her grandmother. She had a brother named Jayakumar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jayalalithaa-jayaram.html |website=Elections in India |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-j-jayalalithaa-was-buried-and-not-cremated/articleshow/55838340.cms |title=Why J Jayalalithaa was buried and not cremated |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=IANS |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-in-school-her-name-was-komalavalli-1028237 |title=In school her name was Komalavalli |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=7 May 2006 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Babu |first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh |date=6 December 2016 |title=Jayalalithaa dead at 68: How Komalavalli became the 'Iron Lady' of Tamil Nadu |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-at-68-how-komalavalli-became-the-iron-lady-of-tamil-nadu-116120500945_1.html |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="jjbc">{{cite web |title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram's Birth Chart |url=https://celebrity.astrosage.com/jayalalithaa-jayaram-birth-chart.asp |website=celebrity.astrosage |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 to Jayaram and Vedavalli (Sandhya) in a [[Tamil Brahmin]] [[Iyengar]] family at [[Melukote]], [[Pandavapura]] taluk, [[Mandya]] district, then in [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]). She was initially named Komalavalli after her grandmother. She had a brother named Jayakumar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jayalalithaa-jayaram.html |website=Elections in India |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-j-jayalalithaa-was-buried-and-not-cremated/articleshow/55838340.cms |title=Why J Jayalalithaa was buried and not cremated |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=IANS |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-in-school-her-name-was-komalavalli-1028237 |title=In school her name was Komalavalli |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=7 May 2006 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Babu |first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh |date=6 December 2016 |title=Jayalalithaa dead at 68: How Komalavalli became the 'Iron Lady' of Tamil Nadu |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-at-68-how-komalavalli-became-the-iron-lady-of-tamil-nadu-116120500945_1.html |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref>


Her paternal grandfather, Narasimhan Rengachary, was in the service of the [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon and served as the court physician to Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] of Mysore. Her maternal grandfather, Rangasamy Iyengar, moved to Mysore from [[Srirangam]] to work with [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]. He had one son and three daughters—Ambujavalli, Vedavalli, and Padmavalli. Vedavalli was married to Jayaram, son of Narasimhan Rengachary. The couple Jayaram-Vedvalli had two children: a son Jayakumar and a daughter, Jayalalitha.<ref name="thehansindia">{{cite news |last1=Chandrakanth |first1=W |title=A never-say-die leader |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-never-say-die-leader/267247 |access-date=11 December 2016 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her mother, her relatives and later co-stars and friends referred to her as Ammu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Babu |first=Venkatesha |title=Ammu to Amma: The life and times of Jayalalithaa Jayaraman |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ammu-to-amma-the-life-and-times-of-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/story/241781.html |website=Business Today |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>  The name Jayalalithaa was adopted at the age of one for the purpose of using the name in schools and colleges. It was derived from the names of two houses where she resided in Mysore. One was "Jaya Vilas" and the other "Lalitha Vilas".
Her paternal grandfather, Narasimhan Rengachary, was in the service of the [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon and served as the court physician to Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] of Mysore. Her maternal grandfather, Rangasamy Iyengar, moved to Mysore from [[Srirangam]] to work with [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]. He had one son and three daughters—Ambujavalli, Vedavalli, and Padmavalli. Vedavalli was married to Jayaram, son of Narasimhan Rengachary. The couple Jayaram-Vedvalli had two children: a son Jayakumar and a daughter, Jayalalitha.<ref name="thehansindia">{{cite news |last1=Chandrakanth |first1=W |title=A never-say-die leader |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-never-say-die-leader/267247 |access-date=11 December 2016 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her mother, her relatives and later co-stars and friends referred to her as Ammu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Babu |first=Venkatesha |title=Ammu to Amma: The life and times of Jayalalithaa Jayaraman |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ammu-to-amma-the-life-and-times-of-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/story/241781.html |website=Business Today |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>  The name Jayalalithaa was adopted at the age of one for the purpose of using the name in schools and colleges. It was derived from the names of two houses where she resided in Mysore. One was "Jaya Vilas" and the other "Lalitha Vilas".
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She excelled at school and was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education.<ref name="TNgov"/> She won Gold State Award for coming first in 10th standard in the state of Tamil Nadu. She joined [[Stella Maris College (Chennai)|Stella Maris College]], [[Chennai]]; however, discontinued her studies due to pressure from her mother and became a film actress.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Stella-Maris-remembers-former-CM/article16791819.ece |title=Stella Maris remembers former CM |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 December 2016 |access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/so-singh-what-do-you-make-of-my-campaign-asked-jaya.html |title=So Singh, what do you make of my campaign, Jaya asked our reporter |work=R Bhagwan Singh |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>
She excelled at school and was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education.<ref name="TNgov"/> She won Gold State Award for coming first in 10th standard in the state of Tamil Nadu. She joined [[Stella Maris College (Chennai)|Stella Maris College]], [[Chennai]]; however, discontinued her studies due to pressure from her mother and became a film actress.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Stella-Maris-remembers-former-CM/article16791819.ece |title=Stella Maris remembers former CM |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 December 2016 |access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/so-singh-what-do-you-make-of-my-campaign-asked-jaya.html |title=So Singh, what do you make of my campaign, Jaya asked our reporter |work=R Bhagwan Singh |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>


The Poes Garden plot was bought by Jayalalithaa and her mother on 1 July 1967 at a cost of ₹ 1.32 lakh, measuring around 24,000 sq. feet (10 grounds) with a built-up area of 21,662 sq. feet.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veda-nilayam-set-to-become-jayalalithaa-memorial/article31521989.ece |title=Veda Nilayam set to become Jayalalithaa memorial |website=The Hindu |date=7 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaas-assets-double-secret-seems-be-real-estate-30668 |title=Jayalalithaa's assets double - the secret seems to be real estate |website=thenewsminute |date=6 June 2015}}</ref> Jayalalithaa's mother Sandhya died in November 1971 at the age of 47.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-poes-garden-controversy-who-s-residence-is-it-anyway/story-HJVC4MGtz7InYigJmtWYwL.html |title=Tamil Nadu: Who's residence is it anyway? Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden lies unoccupied |website=Hindustan Times |date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa herself held the ''house warming ceremony'' of her residence ''Veda Nilayam'' (named after her beloved mother Vedavalli alias Sandhya) on 15 May 1972, early in the morning, followed by [[dinner]] and a [[Veena]] recital by classical musician [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti babu]] in the evening.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/01/27/was-Jayalalithaa-poes-garden-residence-attached-by-it-department.html |title=Is Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden residence under attachment by IT department? |website=The Week |date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Her brother's wedding took place at her Veda Nilayam home in Poes Garden in 1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/jayalalithaa-deepa.html |title=JAYA, MY AUNT Inheritance of loss |website=The Week |date=18 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-jayalalithaas-legal-heir-and-i-am-ready-fight-deepa-jayakumar-tnm-54131 |title=I am Jayalalithaa's legal heir and I am ready to fight: Deepa Jayakumar to TNM |publisher=The News Minute |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her brother Jayakumar, his wife Vijayalakshmi and their daughter [[Deepa Jayakumar]] lived in Poes Garden with Jayalalithaa till 1978<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar aims to make things tricky for Sasikala |access-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219084533/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |archive-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> and then moved to T.Nagar Madras at the bungalow 'Sandhya Illam' which was bought by mother of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Crowd-continues-to-swell-at-Deepa's-house/article17009933.ece |title=Crowd continues to swell at Deepa's house |newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 January 2017 |last1=Jesudasan |first1=Dennis S.}}</ref> Her brother was unhappy with adoption of Sudhakaran, a relative of Sasikala, as foster son of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite news |first=Somak |last=Ghoshal |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/10/jayalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-challenges-sasikala-to-claim/ |title=Jayalalithaa's Niece Deepa Jayakumar Challenges Sasikala To Claim Her Aunt's Legacy |work=HuffPost |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa had adopted [[V. K. Sasikala|Sasikala]]'s nephew Sudhakaran in 1995 and disowned him in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran |title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran? |newspaper=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |access-date=22 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Her brother died in 1995 of heart attack.<ref>{{cite web |author=Julie Mariappan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Niece-I-want-to-see-Jaya-aunt-they-stopped-me-at-the-gates/articleshow/54707118.cms |title=Jayalalithaa health: Jayalalitha News: Niece – I want to see Jaya aunt, they stopped me at the gates |work=The Times of India |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>
The Poes Garden plot was bought by Jayalalithaa and her mother on 1 July 1967 at a cost of ₹ 1.32 lakh, measuring around 24,000 sq. feet (10 grounds) with a built-up area of 21,662 sq. feet.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veda-nilayam-set-to-become-jayalalithaa-memorial/article31521989.ece |title=Veda Nilayam set to become Jayalalithaa memorial |website=The Hindu |date=7 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaas-assets-double-secret-seems-be-real-estate-30668 |title=Jayalalithaa's assets double - the secret seems to be real estate |website=thenewsminute |date=6 June 2015}}</ref> Jayalalithaa's mother Sandhya died in November 1971 at the age of 47.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-poes-garden-controversy-who-s-residence-is-it-anyway/story-HJVC4MGtz7InYigJmtWYwL.html |title=Tamil Nadu: Who's residence is it anyway? Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden lies unoccupied |website=Hindustan Times |date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa herself held the ''house warming ceremony'' of her residence ''Veda Nilayam'' (named after her beloved mother Vedavalli alias Sandhya) on 15 May 1972, early in the morning, followed by [[dinner]] and a [[Veena]] recital by classical musician [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti babu]] in the evening.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/01/27/was-Jayalalithaa-poes-garden-residence-attached-by-it-department.html |title=Is Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden residence under attachment by IT department? |website=The Week |date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Her brother's wedding took place at her Veda Nilayam home in Poes Garden in 1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/jayalalithaa-deepa.html |title=JAYA, MY AUNT Inheritance of loss |website=The Week |date=18 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-jayalalithaas-legal-heir-and-i-am-ready-fight-deepa-jayakumar-tnm-54131 |title=I am Jayalalithaa's legal heir and I am ready to fight: Deepa Jayakumar to TNM |publisher=The News Minute |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her brother Jayakumar, his wife Vijayalakshmi and their daughter [[Deepa Jayakumar]] lived in Poes Garden with Jayalalithaa till 1978<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar aims to make things tricky for Sasikala |access-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219084533/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |archive-date=19 February 2017}}</ref> and then moved to T.Nagar Madras at the bungalow 'Sandhya Illam' which was bought by mother of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Crowd-continues-to-swell-at-Deepa's-house/article17009933.ece |title=Crowd continues to swell at Deepa's house |newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 January 2017 |last1=Jesudasan |first1=Dennis S.}}</ref> Her brother was unhappy with adoption of Sudhakaran, a relative of Sasikala, as foster son of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite news |first=Somak |last=Ghoshal |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/10/jayalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-challenges-sasikala-to-claim/ |title=Jayalalithaa's Niece Deepa Jayakumar Challenges Sasikala To Claim Her Aunt's Legacy |work=HuffPost |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa had adopted [[V. K. Sasikala|Sasikala]]'s nephew Sudhakaran in 1995 and disowned him in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran |title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran? |newspaper=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |access-date=22 February 2017 |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214101223/http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her brother died in 1995 of heart attack.<ref>{{cite web |author=Julie Mariappan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Niece-I-want-to-see-Jaya-aunt-they-stopped-me-at-the-gates/articleshow/54707118.cms |title=Jayalalithaa health: Jayalalitha News: Niece – I want to see Jaya aunt, they stopped me at the gates |work=The Times of India |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>


She was fluent in several languages, including [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2007 |title=Jayalalithaa to debut in Hindi for campaigns |newspaper=The Economic Times |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122520/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> She spoke with actress Saroja Devi in Kannada regularly as they were close friends and would talk to each other only in Kannada. She often conversed with [[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|Karnataka Chief ministers]] in [[Kannada]]. [[Basavaraj Bommai]], the former irrigation minister and present chief minister of Karnataka said, "I was astonished by her Kannada slang and fluency."<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2020 |title=Jayalalithaa's deep love for Kannada will surprise you |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101411/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language |archive-date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="JJKannada">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Proud Tamilian born in Karnataka, Jayalalithaa had a long history with Kannadiga activists |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/proud-tamilian-born-karnataka-jayalalithaa-had-long-history-kannadiga-activists-53889 |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
She was fluent in several languages, including [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2007 |title=Jayalalithaa to debut in Hindi for campaigns |newspaper=The Economic Times |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |url-status=dead |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122520/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> She spoke with actress Saroja Devi in Kannada regularly as they were close friends and would talk to each other only in Kannada. She often conversed with [[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|Karnataka Chief ministers]] in [[Kannada]]. [[Basavaraj Bommai]], the former irrigation minister and present chief minister of Karnataka said, "I was astonished by her Kannada slang and fluency."<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2020 |title=Jayalalithaa's deep love for Kannada will surprise you |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101411/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language |archive-date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="JJKannada">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Proud Tamilian born in Karnataka, Jayalalithaa had a long history with Kannadiga activists |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/proud-tamilian-born-karnataka-jayalalithaa-had-long-history-kannadiga-activists-53889 |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
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=== Early career ===
=== Early career ===


In Madras (now [[Chennai]]), Jayalalithaa was trained in [[Carnatic music]], western classical piano<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Lawyers-hail-HC%E2%80%99s-tribute-to-Jayalalithaa/article16788292.ece |title=Lawyers hail HC's tribute to Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> and various forms of classical dance, including [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kuchipudi]], [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], [[Kathak]].<ref name=NDTV1>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/jayalalithaa-the-amma-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1294266 |title=Jayalalithaa, The Amma Of Tamil Nadu Politics |last=Ghosh |first=Deepshikha |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=1 April 2016 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> She learnt Bharatnatyam and dance forms under K.J.Sarasa.<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=23 October 1965 |title=A New Bright Star |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12064/page/n221 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |pages=50–51}}</ref> She had also learnt Kuchipudi under Padma Bhushan Guru [[Vempati Chinna Satyam|Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam]]. She became an accomplished dancer and gave her debut dance performance at the Rasika Ranjani Sabha in Mylapore in May 1960.<ref name="BS"/> The Chief Guest at the Arangetram was [[Shivaji Ganesan]], who called her a "{{lang|ta|thanga silai}}" (golden statue) and expressed wish that Jayalalithaa becomes a film star in future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivaji-ganesans-wish-12-year-old-jayalalithaa-ended-coming-true-45599 |title=Sivaji Ganesan's wish for 12-year-old Jayalalithaa ended up coming true |publisher=The News Minute |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/what-stars-who-worked-with-jayalalithaa-say/photostory/55848093.cms |title=What stars who worked with Jayalalithaa say! |work=The Times of India |date=5 December 2016}}</ref>
In Madras (now [[Chennai]]), Jayalalithaa was trained in [[Carnatic music]], western classical piano<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Lawyers-hail-HC%E2%80%99s-tribute-to-Jayalalithaa/article16788292.ece |title=Lawyers hail HC's tribute to Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> and various forms of classical dance, including [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kuchipudi]], [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], [[Kathak]].<ref name=NDTV1>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/jayalalithaa-the-amma-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1294266 |title=Jayalalithaa, The Amma Of Tamil Nadu Politics |last=Ghosh |first=Deepshikha |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=1 April 2016 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> She learnt Bharatnatyam and dance forms under K.J.Sarasa.<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=23 October 1965 |title=A New Bright Star |url=https://ibb.co/ZhLTjSh |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/WRZ9o |archive-date=14 March 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |pages=50–51}}</ref> She had also learnt Kuchipudi under Padma Bhushan Guru [[Vempati Chinna Satyam|Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam]]. She became an accomplished dancer and gave her debut dance performance at the Rasika Ranjani Sabha in Mylapore in May 1960.<ref name="BS"/> The Chief Guest at the Arangetram was [[Shivaji Ganesan]], who called her a "{{lang|ta|thanga silai}}" (golden statue) and expressed wish that Jayalalithaa becomes a film star in future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivaji-ganesans-wish-12-year-old-jayalalithaa-ended-coming-true-45599 |title=Sivaji Ganesan's wish for 12-year-old Jayalalithaa ended up coming true |publisher=The News Minute |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/what-stars-who-worked-with-jayalalithaa-say/photostory/55848093.cms |title=What stars who worked with Jayalalithaa say! |work=The Times of India |date=5 December 2016}}</ref>


While a child, Jayalalithaa acted in the Kannada-language film ''[[Sri Shaila Mahathme]]'' (1961), which starred [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] and [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Jayalalitha-has-acted-in-Kannada-movies/articleshow/44752455.cms |title=Jayalilathaa has acted in Kannada |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> She had been taken to the studio by her mother as she was shooting in the same premises for a different film. While Jayalalithaa was watching the shooting, a problem arose as the child actress playing the [[Goddess Parvathy]] in a school drama scene in the film failed to show up and the producer Neerlahalli Thalikerappa and director Aroor Pattabhi asked Sandhya if Jayalalithaa could be asked to act in the dance sequence. Sandhya agreed and Jayalalithaa was swiftly dressed up as Parvathy and the scene was shot in Sri Shaila Mahatme.<ref name="Khajane">{{cite news |last1=Khajane |first1=Muralidhara |title=Those Kannada days... |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Those-Kannada-days.../article16776901.ece |access-date=9 December 2016 |work=The Hindu |date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
While a child, Jayalalithaa acted in the Kannada-language film ''[[Sri Shaila Mahathme]]'' (1961), which starred [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] and [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Jayalalitha-has-acted-in-Kannada-movies/articleshow/44752455.cms |title=Jayalilathaa has acted in Kannada |work=The Times of India |access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> She had been taken to the studio by her mother as she was shooting in the same premises for a different film. While Jayalalithaa was watching the shooting, a problem arose as the child actress playing the [[Goddess Parvathy]] in a school drama scene in the film failed to show up and the producer Neerlahalli Thalikerappa and director Aroor Pattabhi asked Sandhya if Jayalalithaa could be asked to act in the dance sequence. Sandhya agreed and Jayalalithaa was swiftly dressed up as Parvathy and the scene was shot in Sri Shaila Mahatme.<ref name="Khajane">{{cite news |last1=Khajane |first1=Muralidhara |title=Those Kannada days... |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Those-Kannada-days.../article16776901.ece |access-date=9 December 2016 |work=The Hindu |date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
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}}


M.G.R. wanted her to be a member of the Rajya Sabha because of her fluency in [[English language|English]].<ref name="control">{{cite news |url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/sasikalas-proximity-to-jaya-was-based-on-control-a-rule |work=The Sunday Guardian |title=First impressions |last=Nalpat |first=Madhav |date=25 December 2011 |location=New Delhi |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Indira Gandhi lauded Jayalalithaa for the various speeches she made on issues including the one on internal security in Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-cabinet-decides-to-recommend-jayalalithaas-name-for-bharat-ratna/articleshow/55914413.cms |title=Tamil Nadu Cabinet decides to recommend Jayalalithaa's name for Bharat Ratna |work=The Economic Times |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa was elected to that body in 1984 and retained her seat until 1989.<ref name="profile">{{cite web |title=Honourable Chief Minister |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/139.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116225438/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/139.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Jayalalithaa was one of the 16 special guests who were invited to participate the [[State banquet|state dinner]] hosted by then Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] in honor of Erstwhile [[Yugoslavia]]n [[President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia|President]] [[Veselin Đuranović|Veselin Djuranovic]] at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]].<ref>{{cite news |language=ta |url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/politics/74289-jayalalithaa-and-the-women-she-loved-the-most |title=ஜெயலலிதா நேசித்த 5 பெண்கள்! |work=vikatan |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her success in her role as propaganda secretary caused resentment among high-ranking members of the party. By engineering a rift between her and M.G.R., these members influenced M.G.R. to stop her writing about her personal life in a Tamil magazine. Despite these machinations, she remained admired by the rank and file of the party.<ref name="outlook20110321"/> She was given key responsibilities, including in the implementation of the landmark noon-meals scheme when M. G. Ramachandran was the chief minister and this taught her lessons in welfare politics. Later when M.G.R. fell ill, she campaigned extensively for the party before the [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/indias-iron-lady-jayalalithaa-dead/ |title=India's Iron lady Jayalalithaa is dead – Vanguard News |date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
M.G.R. wanted her to be a member of the Rajya Sabha because of her fluency in [[English language|English]].She defeated [[Arcot N. Veeraswami]], who is the senior [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader in [[1984 Rajya Sabha elections]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/state-will-witness-contest-in-rs-elections-after-17-years/article4833865.ece?ref=relatedNews | title= | publisher= | work= | date= | accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="control">{{cite news |url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/sasikalas-proximity-to-jaya-was-based-on-control-a-rule |work=The Sunday Guardian |title=First impressions |last=Nalpat |first=Madhav |date=25 December 2011 |location=New Delhi |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201150506/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/sasikalas-proximity-to-jaya-was-based-on-control-a-rule |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indira Gandhi lauded Jayalalithaa for the various speeches she made on issues including the one on internal security in Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-cabinet-decides-to-recommend-jayalalithaas-name-for-bharat-ratna/articleshow/55914413.cms |title=Tamil Nadu Cabinet decides to recommend Jayalalithaa's name for Bharat Ratna |work=The Economic Times |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa was elected to that body in 1984 and retained her seat until 1989.<ref name="profile">{{cite web |title=Honourable Chief Minister |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/139.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116225438/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/139.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Jayalalithaa was one of the 16 special guests who were invited to participate the [[State banquet|state dinner]] hosted by then Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] in honor of Erstwhile [[Yugoslavia]]n [[President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia|President]] [[Veselin Đuranović|Veselin Djuranovic]] at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]].<ref>{{cite news |language=ta |url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/politics/74289-jayalalithaa-and-the-women-she-loved-the-most |title=ஜெயலலிதா நேசித்த 5 பெண்கள்! |work=vikatan |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her success in her role as propaganda secretary caused resentment among high-ranking members of the party. By engineering a rift between her and M.G.R., these members influenced M.G.R. to stop her writing about her personal life in a Tamil magazine. Despite these machinations, she remained admired by the rank and file of the party.<ref name="outlook20110321"/> She was given key responsibilities, including in the implementation of the landmark noon-meals scheme when M. G. Ramachandran was the chief minister and this taught her lessons in welfare politics. Later when M.G.R. fell ill, she campaigned extensively for the party before the [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/indias-iron-lady-jayalalithaa-dead/ |title=India's Iron lady Jayalalithaa is dead – Vanguard News |date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Sedapatti.R.Muthiah old picture.jpg|thumb|right|Jayalalithaa at [[palani]] in 1984]]
[[File:Sedapatti.R.Muthiah old picture.jpg|thumb|right|Jayalalithaa at [[palani]] in 1984]]
In 1984, when M.G.R. was incapacitated due to a [[stroke]], Jayalalithaa was said to have attempted to take over the position of [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|chief minister]] or the party on the pretext that his health would prevent him from the proper execution of his duties.<ref name=outlook19980504>{{cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205450 |publisher=outlookindia |title=The Life And Times of Jayalalitha |first1=Ajith |last1=Pillai |first2=A. S. |last2=Panneerselvan |date=4 May 1998 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> She successfully led the campaign in the 1984 general elections, in which the AIADMK allied with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<ref name="profile"/>  On the midnight of 31 December 1984, When MGR was in United States, Jayalalithaa was unceremoniously turned out of Tamil Nadu House, which was her official residence as a [[Rajya Sabha]] M.P. by the coterie against her.<ref name="JJTNBhavan">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19850215-they-are-tarnishing-the-name-of-the-aiadmk-and-mgr-jayalalitha-769774-2013-11-25 |work=India Today |title=They are tarnishing the name of the AIADMK and MGR: Jayalalitha |first=Venkatramani |last=S.H. |date=15 February 1985 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>  Following [[M. G. Ramachandran#Illness and death|his death]] in 1987, the AIADMK split into two factions: one supported his widow, [[Janaki Ramachandran]] This faction was called AIADMK (JA) and the other favoured Jayalalithaa called AIADMK (J). Jayalalithaa faction was supported by senior leaders like [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]], [[C. Aranganayagam|Aranganayagam]], [[Sattur Ramachandran|KKSSR Ramachandran]], [[Su. Thirunavukkarasar|Thirunavukarasar]]. Janaki was selected as the Chief Minister on 7 January 1988 with the support of 96 members; due in part to irregularities by speaker [[P. H. Pandian]], who dismissed six members to ease her victory, she won a motion of confidence in the house. However, [[Rajiv Gandhi]] used [[S:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 356]] of the [[Constitution of India]] to dismiss the Janaki-led government and impose [[president's rule]] on the state.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref>[[#CITEREFJagmohan2007|Jagmohan 2007]], pp. 303–305</ref><ref name="CMlist"/>
In 1984, when M.G.R. was incapacitated due to a [[stroke]], Jayalalithaa was said to have attempted to take over the position of [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|chief minister]] or the party on the pretext that his health would prevent him from the proper execution of his duties.<ref name=outlook19980504>{{cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205450 |publisher=outlookindia |title=The Life And Times of Jayalalitha |first1=Ajith |last1=Pillai |first2=A. S. |last2=Panneerselvan |date=4 May 1998 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> She successfully led the campaign in the 1984 general elections, in which the AIADMK allied with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<ref name="profile"/>  On the midnight of 31 December 1984, When MGR was in United States, Jayalalithaa was unceremoniously turned out of Tamil Nadu House, which was her official residence as a [[Rajya Sabha]] M.P. by the coterie against her.<ref name="JJTNBhavan">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19850215-they-are-tarnishing-the-name-of-the-aiadmk-and-mgr-jayalalitha-769774-2013-11-25 |work=India Today |title=They are tarnishing the name of the AIADMK and MGR: Jayalalitha |first=Venkatramani |last=S.H. |date=15 February 1985 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>  Following [[M. G. Ramachandran#Illness and death|his death]] in 1987, the AIADMK split into two factions: one supported his widow, [[Janaki Ramachandran]] This faction was called AIADMK (JA) and the other favoured Jayalalithaa called AIADMK (J). Jayalalithaa faction was supported by senior leaders like [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]], [[C. Aranganayagam|Aranganayagam]], [[Sattur Ramachandran|KKSSR Ramachandran]], [[Su. Thirunavukkarasar|Thirunavukarasar]]. Janaki was selected as the Chief Minister on 7 January 1988 with the support of 96 members; due in part to irregularities by speaker [[P. H. Pandian]], who dismissed six members to ease her victory, she won a motion of confidence in the house. However, [[Rajiv Gandhi]] used [[S:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 356]] of the [[Constitution of India]] to dismiss the Janaki-led government and impose [[president's rule]] on the state.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref>[[#CITEREFJagmohan2007|Jagmohan 2007]], pp. 303–305</ref><ref name="CMlist"/>
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In  1992, [[Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India|The Supreme Court Verdict]] which ruled that the overall amount of reservations allowed should not exceed 50% as per Article 16(4) endangered the [[Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu|69 Percent Reservation in Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Tamil Nadu's reservation stands at 69% despite the 50% quota cap |language=en-IN |work=thenewsminute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-tamil-nadu-s-reservation-stands-69-despite-50-quota-cap-146116 |access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>
In  1992, [[Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India|The Supreme Court Verdict]] which ruled that the overall amount of reservations allowed should not exceed 50% as per Article 16(4) endangered the [[Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu|69 Percent Reservation in Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Tamil Nadu's reservation stands at 69% despite the 50% quota cap |language=en-IN |work=thenewsminute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-tamil-nadu-s-reservation-stands-69-despite-50-quota-cap-146116 |access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>


In 1993, the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 1993 was passed by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] (Act 45 of 1994).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Correspondent |first=Legal |date=6 November 2014 |title=69% quota: SC notice to Tamil Nadu |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/69-quota-sc-notice-to-tamil-nadu/article6568342.ece |access-date=17 April 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Bill was sent to the President [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] for his approval. J Jayalalithaa's  [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] government led a cross-party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]] led [[Government of India|Central government]] and stepped up pressure on the centre to bring in a [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|Constitutional amendment]] to include the Tamil Nadu Act in the Ninth Schedule, ensuring that its validity cannot be challenged in any court. By the end of August 1994, the Act became a part of the Ninth Schedule by the presidential accent, confirming "'''the 69 percent reservation'''" exclusive for Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE CONSTITUTION (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994 |language=en-IN |website=india.gov.in |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-seventy-sixth-amendment-act-1994 |access-date=15 May 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The development fetched her the title of "{{lang|ta|Samooga Neethi Kaatha Veeranganai}}" (The leader who upheld [[Social justice]]) by [[K. Veeramani]] , General Secretary of [[Dravidar Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Jayalalithaa changed face of Dravidian politics |language=en-IN |website=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/jayalalithaa-changed-face-of-dravidian-politics.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The woman behind the 69% quota |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-woman-behind-the-69-quota/article16762726.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016 |last1=Ramakrishnan |first1=T.}}</ref>
In 1993, the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 1993 was passed by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] (Act 45 of 1994).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Correspondent |first=Legal |date=6 November 2014 |title=69% quota: SC notice to Tamil Nadu |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/69-quota-sc-notice-to-tamil-nadu/article6568342.ece |access-date=17 April 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Bill was sent to the President [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] for his approval. J Jayalalithaa's  [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] government led a cross-party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]] led [[Government of India|Central government]] and stepped up pressure on the centre to bring in a [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|Constitutional amendment]] to include the Tamil Nadu Act in the Ninth Schedule, ensuring that its validity cannot be challenged in any court. By the end of August 1994, the Act became a part of the Ninth Schedule by the presidential accent, confirming "'''the 69 percent reservation'''" exclusive for Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE CONSTITUTION (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994 |language=en-IN |website=india.gov.in |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-seventy-sixth-amendment-act-1994 |access-date=15 May 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The development fetched her the title of "{{lang|ta|Samooga Neethi Kaatha Veeranganai}}" (The leader who upheld [[Social justice]]) by [[K. Veeramani]], General Secretary of [[Dravidar Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Jayalalithaa changed face of Dravidian politics |language=en-IN |website=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/jayalalithaa-changed-face-of-dravidian-politics.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The woman behind the 69% quota |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-woman-behind-the-69-quota/article16762726.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016 |last1=Ramakrishnan |first1=T.}}</ref>


On 20 January 1994, [[Mother Teresa]] Called on Chief Minister Jayalalithaa at her poes garden residence in chennai and lauded her welfare projects for girls, destitute women and the aged. Mother Teresa reportedly said that she and Jayalalithaa, India's then only female chief minister, were "working for and fulfilling the same noble cause". Mother Teresa said she would pray daily for Jayalalithaa, whose projects included the Cradle Baby Scheme (CBS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHER TERESA´S PRAISE FOR CHIEF MINISTER´S GIRLS´ SCHEME CONTROVERSIAL |url=https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1994/02/18/mother-teresas-praise-for-chief-ministers-girls-scheme-controversial&post_id=44776 |work=ucanews |date=17 February 1994}}</ref> Mother Teresa was also present at the State function on the [[International Women's Day]] On 9 March 1994 at Madras which Jayalalithaa later recalled as  "memorable event in my life".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mother Teresa will continue to inspire many more, says Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Mother-Teresa-will-continue-to-inspire-many-more-says-Jayalalithaa/article14622049.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref>
On 20 January 1994, [[Mother Teresa]] Called on Chief Minister Jayalalithaa at her poes garden residence in chennai and lauded her welfare projects for girls, destitute women and the aged. Mother Teresa reportedly said that she and Jayalalithaa, India's then only female chief minister, were "working for and fulfilling the same noble cause". Mother Teresa said she would pray daily for Jayalalithaa, whose projects included the Cradle Baby Scheme (CBS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHER TERESA´S PRAISE FOR CHIEF MINISTER´S GIRLS´ SCHEME CONTROVERSIAL |url=https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1994/02/18/mother-teresas-praise-for-chief-ministers-girls-scheme-controversial&post_id=44776 |work=ucanews |date=17 February 1994}}</ref> Mother Teresa was also present at the State function on the [[International Women's Day]] On 9 March 1994 at Madras which Jayalalithaa later recalled as  "memorable event in my life".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mother Teresa will continue to inspire many more, says Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Mother-Teresa-will-continue-to-inspire-many-more-says-Jayalalithaa/article14622049.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref>
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There were several corruption cases filed against her by the ruling DMK government headed by Karunanidhi. Jayalalithaa was arrested on 7 December 1996 and was remanded to 30-day judicial custody in connection with the [[Colour TV scam]], which charged her with receiving kickbacks to the tune of {{INRConvert|10.13|c|year=1995}}. The investigation alleged that the amount through the TV dealers were routed in the form of cheques to a relative of Sasikala, who had quoted Jayalalithaa's residence as hers. She earlier filed an anticipatory bail in the trial court, which was rejected on 7 December 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Booty queen |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-arrest-reveals-systematic-loot-of-public-money-puts-political-future-at-risk/1/282843.html |date=31 December 1998 |access-date=3 November 2015 |magazine=India Today |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K. |last2=G.C. |first2=Shekar}}</ref> She was acquitted in the case on 30 May 2000 by the trial court and the High Court upheld the order of the lower court.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colour TV scam: High Court upholds acquittal of Jayalalithaa |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/colour-tv-scam-high-court-upholds-acquittal-of-jayalalithaa/article6955.ece |agency=Press Trust of India |work=The Hindu |date=21 August 2009 |access-date=1 January 2014 |location=Chennai}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Madras HC upholds acquittal of Jayalalithaa in TV scam |url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/madras-hc-upholds-acquittal-of-jayalalitha-in-tv-scam_557310.html |date=22 August 2009 |publisher=Zee News |access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref>
There were several corruption cases filed against her by the ruling DMK government headed by Karunanidhi. Jayalalithaa was arrested on 7 December 1996 and was remanded to 30-day judicial custody in connection with the [[Colour TV scam]], which charged her with receiving kickbacks to the tune of {{INRConvert|10.13|c|year=1995}}. The investigation alleged that the amount through the TV dealers were routed in the form of cheques to a relative of Sasikala, who had quoted Jayalalithaa's residence as hers. She earlier filed an anticipatory bail in the trial court, which was rejected on 7 December 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Booty queen |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-arrest-reveals-systematic-loot-of-public-money-puts-political-future-at-risk/1/282843.html |date=31 December 1998 |access-date=3 November 2015 |magazine=India Today |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K. |last2=G.C. |first2=Shekar}}</ref> She was acquitted in the case on 30 May 2000 by the trial court and the High Court upheld the order of the lower court.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colour TV scam: High Court upholds acquittal of Jayalalithaa |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/colour-tv-scam-high-court-upholds-acquittal-of-jayalalithaa/article6955.ece |agency=Press Trust of India |work=The Hindu |date=21 August 2009 |access-date=1 January 2014 |location=Chennai}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Madras HC upholds acquittal of Jayalalithaa in TV scam |url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/madras-hc-upholds-acquittal-of-jayalalitha-in-tv-scam_557310.html |date=22 August 2009 |publisher=Zee News |access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref>


Though Sudhakaran was adopted by Jayalalithaa as her foster son in 1995, when she became aware that Sudhakaran began to interfere in her financial affairs and that he took money without intending to repay, she disowned him in 1996 within one year of adoption.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran |title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran? |work=Asianetnews.tv |date=7 October 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
Though Sudhakaran was adopted by Jayalalithaa as her foster son in 1995, when she became aware that Sudhakaran began to interfere in her financial affairs and that he took money without intending to repay, she disowned him in 1996 within one year of adoption.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran |title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran? |work=Asianetnews.tv |date=7 October 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214101223/http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran |url-status=dead }}</ref>


When questioned on her views on Sasikala, Jayalalithaa quoted in 1996 "Sasikala never functioned as extra constitutional power centre. Calling her de facto chief minister is nonsense. She is not interested in politics and I have no intention to bring her into politics." It annoyed her when people said Sasikala was behind many of her political decisions and termed such news as rubbish and insult to her position as chief minister.<ref>{{cite work |url=http://www.indiatoday.in/story/sasikala-jayalalithaa-aiadmk-panneerselvam-ops-poes-garden/1/878479.html |title=The post-truth takeover |work=India Today |access-date=3 May 2017}} {{dead link|date=May 2017}}</ref>
When questioned on her views on Sasikala, Jayalalithaa quoted in 1996 "Sasikala never functioned as extra constitutional power centre. Calling her de facto chief minister is nonsense. She is not interested in politics and I have no intention to bring her into politics." It annoyed her when people said Sasikala was behind many of her political decisions and termed such news as rubbish and insult to her position as chief minister.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.indiatoday.in/story/sasikala-jayalalithaa-aiadmk-panneerselvam-ops-poes-garden/1/878479.html |title=The post-truth takeover |work=India Today |access-date=3 May 2017}} {{dead link|date=May 2017}}</ref>


=== Second term as Chief Minister, 2001 ===
=== Second term as Chief Minister, 2001 ===
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[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh with the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. J. Jayalalitha.jpg|thumb|left|Jayalalithaa with former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]]]]
[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh with the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. J. Jayalalitha.jpg|thumb|left|Jayalalithaa with former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]]]]


India's first company of female police commandos was set up in Tamil Nadu in 2003. They underwent the same training as their male counterparts, covering the handling of weapons, detection and disposal of bombs, driving, horseriding, and adventure sports.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2976142.stm |title=Indian women join elite police |publisher=BBC |first=Charles |last=Haviland |date=10 June 2003 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> The government led by her in 2003 banned sale of all lotteries, including online, within the territory of the state, despite the risk of the state losing revenue. She gave orders to a special task force headed by [[K. Vijay Kumar|K. Vijaykumar]]<ref>{{cite work |first=K. Vijay |last=Kumar |url=http://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/vijay-kumar-jayalalithaa.html |title=The CM, Veerappan and I |work=The Week |date=18 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> to conduct a secret operation to capture and kill the bandit [[Veerappan]] by entering Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lite/story/jayalalithaa-dead-biggest-achievements-cm/1/781452.html |title=I am legend: Jayalalithaa's top 10 achievements |work=India Today |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2004 she declared eliminating Veerappan as biggest achievement of her government and quoted ""My only brief to them was capture Veerappan dead or alive. After that I never interfered. I left them to work out their own strategies and this paid off."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/amp/veerappans-killing-is-my-governments-greatest-achievement-amma/256427 |title=Veerappan's killing is my government's greatest achievement: Amma |work=Outlook India |date=19 October 2004 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> She began to be referred as 'People's CM' (Makallin Mudhalvar) and Iron Lady of India by end of this term.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesnow.tv/india/article/j-jayalalithaa-the-iron-lady-of-indian-politics/52692 |title=The Iron Lady of Indian Politics |work=Times Now |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> In this term she launched Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) scheme in 2001 to rejuvenate water sources and this improved ground water levels in the parched southern state and this idea was replicated by various states and even by the centre. She also started the Veeranam project to deliver water to the dry metropolis of Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-s-five-most-noteworthy-contributions-to-tamil-nadu-116120500890_1.html |title=Jayalalithaa's five most noteworthy contributions to Tamil Nadu |first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh |last=Babu |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=Business Standard }}</ref> Doctor Manmohan Singh frequently praised Jayalalithaa for her administrative skills, mid-day meal schemes and efforts for gender empowerment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-kolkata/20161207/281767038848843 |title=Her achievements were discussed by Manmohan, Pranab |work=Hindustan Times |via=PressReader |access-date=3 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164337/https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-kolkata/20161207/281767038848843 |archivedate=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
India's first company of female police commandos was set up in Tamil Nadu in 2003. They underwent the same training as their male counterparts, covering the handling of weapons, detection and disposal of bombs, driving, horseriding, and adventure sports.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2976142.stm |title=Indian women join elite police |publisher=BBC |first=Charles |last=Haviland |date=10 June 2003 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> The government led by her in 2003 banned sale of all lotteries, including online, within the territory of the state, despite the risk of the state losing revenue. She gave orders to a special task force headed by [[K. Vijay Kumar|K. Vijaykumar]]<ref>{{cite book |first=K. Vijay |last=Kumar |url=http://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/vijay-kumar-jayalalithaa.html |title=The CM, Veerappan and I |work=The Week |date=18 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> to conduct a secret operation to capture and kill the bandit [[Veerappan]] by entering Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lite/story/jayalalithaa-dead-biggest-achievements-cm/1/781452.html |title=I am legend: Jayalalithaa's top 10 achievements |work=India Today |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2004 she declared eliminating Veerappan as biggest achievement of her government and quoted ""My only brief to them was capture Veerappan dead or alive. After that I never interfered. I left them to work out their own strategies and this paid off."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/amp/veerappans-killing-is-my-governments-greatest-achievement-amma/256427 |title=Veerappan's killing is my government's greatest achievement: Amma |work=Outlook India |date=19 October 2004 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> She began to be referred as 'People's CM' (Makallin Mudhalvar) and Iron Lady of India by end of this term.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesnow.tv/india/article/j-jayalalithaa-the-iron-lady-of-indian-politics/52692 |title=The Iron Lady of Indian Politics |work=Times Now |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> In this term she launched Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) scheme in 2001 to rejuvenate water sources and this improved ground water levels in the parched southern state and this idea was replicated by various states and even by the centre. She also started the Veeranam project to deliver water to the dry metropolis of Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-s-five-most-noteworthy-contributions-to-tamil-nadu-116120500890_1.html |title=Jayalalithaa's five most noteworthy contributions to Tamil Nadu |first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh |last=Babu |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=Business Standard }}</ref> Doctor Manmohan Singh frequently praised Jayalalithaa for her administrative skills, mid-day meal schemes and efforts for gender empowerment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-kolkata/20161207/281767038848843 |title=Her achievements were discussed by Manmohan, Pranab |work=Hindustan Times |via=PressReader |access-date=3 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164337/https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-kolkata/20161207/281767038848843 |archivedate=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


Her administrative abilities were notable in her handling of events following the tsunami that hit Tamil Nadu on 26 December 2004. Jayalalithaa announced a Rs 153.37 crore relief package, divided into a general package and a separate one for fishermen. She announced that affected families would get Rs 1 lakh as compensation for every member lost, along with one dhoti, one sari, two bedsheets, 60&nbsp;kg of rice, three litres of kerosene, and Rs 1,000 in cash for groceries and that furthermore, Rs 1,000 was to be given for purchase of utensils, Rs 2,000 so they could put up accommodation. Per family, and there were about one lakh families in all, the package would cost about Rs 5,000. The fishermen also received an extra Rs 65 crore meant to cover gill nets and boats. It was only a matter of hours before Nagapattinam had its power supply back. With the state working on disaster management for over seven years, response time had been reduced significantly; mobile cranes and ambulances were on patrol. The government entrusted district administration with rehabilitation of affected families, and when they were found to be incompetent, she reshuffled or sacked officers immediately. Jayalalithaa even extended help to the Sri Lankan government by instating officers to guide the island nation in the process of rehabilitation. Her administrative style was uncompromising, whether it was banning the sale of gutkha, or mandatory installation of rainwater harvesting systems, but, she got things done on time without any ifs or buts, as was seen with the tsunami relief, ensuring people remembered not the ruthlessness of her tenure, but the help it gave them.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/how-jayalalithas-administrative-skills-helped-tamil-nadu-recover-from-tsunami-nightmare-3142354.html |title=How Jayalalitha's administrative skills helped Tamil Nadu recover from tsunami nightmare |work=First Post |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 March 2012 |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jayalalithaa-hands-over-houses-to-tsunami-hit-1668246 |title=Jayalalithaa hands over houses to tsunami-hit |work=DNA India |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
Her administrative abilities were notable in her handling of events following the tsunami that hit Tamil Nadu on 26 December 2004. Jayalalithaa announced a Rs 153.37 crore relief package, divided into a general package and a separate one for fishermen. She announced that affected families would get Rs 1 lakh as compensation for every member lost, along with one dhoti, one sari, two bedsheets, 60&nbsp;kg of rice, three litres of kerosene, and Rs 1,000 in cash for groceries and that furthermore, Rs 1,000 was to be given for purchase of utensils, Rs 2,000 so they could put up accommodation. Per family, and there were about one lakh families in all, the package would cost about Rs 5,000. The fishermen also received an extra Rs 65 crore meant to cover gill nets and boats. It was only a matter of hours before Nagapattinam had its power supply back. With the state working on disaster management for over seven years, response time had been reduced significantly; mobile cranes and ambulances were on patrol. The government entrusted district administration with rehabilitation of affected families, and when they were found to be incompetent, she reshuffled or sacked officers immediately. Jayalalithaa even extended help to the Sri Lankan government by instating officers to guide the island nation in the process of rehabilitation. Her administrative style was uncompromising, whether it was banning the sale of gutkha, or mandatory installation of rainwater harvesting systems, but, she got things done on time without any ifs or buts, as was seen with the tsunami relief, ensuring people remembered not the ruthlessness of her tenure, but the help it gave them.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/how-jayalalithas-administrative-skills-helped-tamil-nadu-recover-from-tsunami-nightmare-3142354.html |title=How Jayalalitha's administrative skills helped Tamil Nadu recover from tsunami nightmare |work=First Post |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 March 2012 |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jayalalithaa-hands-over-houses-to-tsunami-hit-1668246 |title=Jayalalithaa hands over houses to tsunami-hit |work=DNA India |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
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====General Secretary of AIADMK====
====General Secretary of AIADMK====


On 29 August 2014, Jayalalithaa was re-elected as the General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] for the 7th Consecutive term, Making her the longest serving general secretary of the party till date. Earlier, She was elected in the years of 1988, 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003,{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} 2008,{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} [[2014 AIADMK General Secretary election|2014]].<ref name="JayaGenSecy">{{cite news |language=ta |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/12073-7-29.html |work=hindutamil |title=அதிமுக பொதுச் செயலாளராக மீண்டும் ஜெ.: 7-வது முறை போட்டியின்றி தேர்வாகிறார்; ஆகஸ்ட் 29-ல் தேர்தல் |date=19 August 2014}}</ref>
On 29 August 2014, Jayalalithaa was re-elected as the General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] for the 7th Consecutive term, Making her the longest serving general secretary of the party till date. Earlier, She was elected in the years of 1988, 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2014.<ref name="JayaGenSecy">{{cite news |language=ta |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/12073-7-29.html |work=hindutamil |title=அதிமுக பொதுச் செயலாளராக மீண்டும் ஜெ.: 7-வது முறை போட்டியின்றி தேர்வாகிறார்; ஆகஸ்ட் 29-ல் தேர்தல் |date=19 August 2014}}</ref>


=== Disproportionate assets case, 2014 ===
=== Disproportionate assets case, 2014 ===
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=== 2000 Pleasant Stay hotel case ===
=== 2000 Pleasant Stay hotel case ===
{{Main|Pleasant Stay hotel case}}{{See also|2000 Dharmapuri bus burning}}
{{Main|Pleasant Stay hotel case}}{{See also|2000 Dharmapuri bus burning}}
Pleasant Stay hotel case is the construction of the seven-story hotel "Pleasant stay" in Kodaikanal, which was in breach of the rules for the construction of the seven-story building in a blue ville in the tourist resort town in Kodaikanal. Jayalalithaa, Selvaganapathy and Pandey granted a permission to create a seven-story structure at the hotel. The case was related to Jayalalithaa's supposed clearance by violating government rules to the development of a hotel in [[ecological]]ly significant [[Kodaikanal]]. Jayalalithaa was sentenced in February 2000 to one year's strict imprisonment, with the penalty fined Rs.1000 for conspiracy and criminal misconduct as a public employee. After the court's decision, AIADMK cadres started to riot and arson which burned alive three female students in the [[2000 Dharmapuri bus burning|Dharmapuri bus burning]] and many were killed and injured.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Correspondent |first=Our Special |date=3 February 2000 |title=HOTEL CASE VERDICT: AIADMK volunteers go berserk |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/hotel-case-verdict-aiadmk-volunteers-go-berserk/article27999900.ece |access-date=3 June 2020 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Supreme Court disqualified her in September 2001, resulting in her stepping down and which made [[O Panneerselvam|O. Panneerselvam]] as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The Madras High Court acquitted her and other 5 accused in the case of all the charges on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jayalalithaa's blast from the past – convictions and imprisonments |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-blast-past-convictions-and-imprisonments-22478 |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=The News Minute |date=25 February 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=23-year-old TANSI case has finally ended for Jayalalithaa: A look back |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/23-year-old-tansi-case-has-finally-ended-jayalalithaa-look-back-21350 |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=The News Minute |date=7 March 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Subramani |first1=A. |title=23 years on, HC brings curtains down on TANSI case against Jaya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-years-on-HC-brings-curtains-down-on-TANSI-case-against-Jaya/articleshow/46472629.cms |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=6 March 2015 |language=en}}</ref>               
Pleasant Stay hotel case is the construction of the seven-story hotel "Pleasant stay" in Kodaikanal, which was in breach of the rules for the construction of the seven-story building in a blue ville in the tourist resort town in Kodaikanal. Jayalalithaa, Selvaganapathy and Pandey granted a permission to create a seven-story structure at the hotel. The case was related to Jayalalithaa's supposed clearance by violating government rules to the development of a hotel in [[ecological]]ly significant [[Kodaikanal]]. Jayalalithaa was sentenced in February 2000 to one year's strict imprisonment, with the penalty fined Rs.1000 for conspiracy and criminal misconduct as a public employee. After the court's decision, AIADMK cadres started to riot and arson which burned alive three female students in the [[2000 Dharmapuri bus burning|Dharmapuri bus burning]] and many were killed and injured.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Correspondent |first=Our Special |date=3 February 2000 |title=HOTEL CASE VERDICT: AIADMK volunteers go berserk |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/hotel-case-verdict-aiadmk-volunteers-go-berserk/article27999900.ece |access-date=3 June 2020 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Supreme Court disqualified her in September 2001, resulting in her stepping down and which made [[O Panneerselvam|O. Panneerselvam]] as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The Madras High Court acquitted her and other 5 accused in the case of all the charges on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jayalalithaa's blast from the past – convictions and imprisonments |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-blast-past-convictions-and-imprisonments-22478 |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=The News Minute |date=25 February 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=23-year-old TANSI case has finally ended for Jayalalithaa: A look back |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/23-year-old-tansi-case-has-finally-ended-jayalalithaa-look-back-21350 |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=The News Minute |date=7 March 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Subramani |first1=A. |title=23 years on, HC brings curtains down on TANSI case against Jaya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-years-on-HC-brings-curtains-down-on-TANSI-case-against-Jaya/articleshow/46472629.cms |access-date=20 February 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=6 March 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Nomination petition case ===       
This case is against Jayalalithaa's filing of nomination petitions in four assembly constituencies namely [[Bhuvanagiri Assembly constituency|Bhuvanagiri]], [[Krishnagiri Assembly constituency|Krishnagiri]], [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]] and [[Pudukkottai Assembly constituency|Pudukkottai]], contrary to the Election Commission rules, during the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].This filed by [[C. Kuppusami]],Former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] filed a case in the Madras High Court in June, 2007.After hearing this, the [[Madras High Court]] ordered the [[Election Commission of India]] to file a criminal case regarding Jayalalithaa's filing of nomination papers in more than two constituencies in violation of the Election Commission's regulations. The [[Supreme Court]] dismissed this case in 2017.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/tamil/india/2015/08/150814_jayacase  14 வருட பழைய வழக்கில் விரைவில் இறுதி விசாரணை]</ref><ref>[http://www.dinamani.com/india/article1347639.ece  4 தொகுதிகளில் வேட்பு மனு தாக்கல் செய்த விவகாரம்: ஜெயலலிதா மேல்முறையீட்டு வழக்கு விசாரணை ஒத்திவைப்பு]</ref>
 
=== Income Tax Account Case ===
This case filed by the Income Tax Department in 1996 against the Jayalalithaa for not submitting her returns to the Income Tax Department for the year 1993-1994.  The Income Tax Department filed another case in 1997 alleging that Sasi Enterprises and its partners Jayalalithaa and [[V. K. Sasikala|Sasikala]] had not filed income tax returns for the years 1991-1992 and 1992-1993.  The Income Tax Case related to non-filing of income tax returns was pending in the Additional Chief Metropolitan Criminal Court, Chennai.
 
Petitions filed in the Madras High Court seeking dismissal of these cases were rejected in 2006.  Later, an appeal was filed by Jayalalithaa in the Supreme Court.  On 30 January 2014, the Supreme Court dismissed the petition and directed the Metropolitan Court of [[Egmore]] to complete the investigation within four months.  Later this period was further extended.  Meanwhile, the accused had filed a petition with the Income Tax Department on June 25 for amicable settlement of the matter.  The trial of this case took place in Egmore Court on 17-09-2014. The case has been adjourned to November 6.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81/article6506168.ece|title=ஜெயலலிதா மீதான வருமான வரி வழக்கு நவம்பர் 6-ம் தேதிக்கு ஒத்திவைப்பு: எழும்பூர் நீதிமன்றம் உத்தரவு|publisher=}}</ref>In this case, Jayalalitha and Sasikala paid the penalty amount of two crore rupees imposed by the Income Tax Department to the Income Tax Department, and on January 8, 2015, the Income Tax Department withdrew the case and the Income Tax Account case ended.As she was acquitted of all cases, she assumed the post of Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the fifth time on 23 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=1156673|title=ஜெ., வருமானவரி வழக்கு வாபஸ்|publisher=}}</ref> <ref>[http://tamil.thehindu.com/tamilnadu/5%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81/article7238517.ece?homepage=true|5-வது முறையாக தமிழக முதல்வராக ஜெயலலிதா பதவியேற்பு] தி இந்து தமிழ் 23.மே 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/tamil/india/2015/05/150523_jayalalitha|title=தமிழக முதல்வராக ஜெ.ஜெயலலிதா பதவியேற்றார்|work=BBC தமிழ்}}</ref>


== Illness, death and reactions ==
== Illness, death and reactions ==
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===Death Probe by Justice Arumugaswamy commission===
===Death Probe by Justice Arumugaswamy commission===


Among the Public, Jayalalithaa's 75-day hospitalisation and her demise, remained unclear and shrouded in secrecy. DMK and other opposition parties sought a probe into her death.
Among the Public, Jayalalithaa's 75-day hospitalisation and her demise, remained unclear and shrouded in secrecy. DMK and other opposition parties sought a probe into her death.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}


====Timeline====
====Timeline====
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* 4 August 2022 – The [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]] panel gave clean chit to Apollo Hospitals and found no errors in the Jayalalithaa treatment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kannan |first1=Ramya |title=AIIMS panel gives clean chit to Apollo Hospitals on Jayalalithaa treatment |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/aiims-panel-gives-clean-chit-to-apollo-hospitals-on-jayalalithaa-treatment/article65791316.ece?homepage=true |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=20 August 2022}}</ref>
* 4 August 2022 – The [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]] panel gave clean chit to Apollo Hospitals and found no errors in the Jayalalithaa treatment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kannan |first1=Ramya |title=AIIMS panel gives clean chit to Apollo Hospitals on Jayalalithaa treatment |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/aiims-panel-gives-clean-chit-to-apollo-hospitals-on-jayalalithaa-treatment/article65791316.ece?homepage=true |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=20 August 2022}}</ref>
* 27 August 2022 – The Justice Arumughaswamy Commission finally submitted the 600-page report to the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu [[M. K. Stalin]] after 5 years of its formation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/news/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-s-death-case-arumugasamy-commission-submitted-its-full-report-to-government-today-69971 |title=ஜெயலலிதா மரணத்தில் நடந்தது என்ன? 600 பக்க அறிக்கையை முதல்வரிடம் தாக்கல் செய்த ஆறுமுகசாமி ஆணையம்! |website=abplive tamil |date=27 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/state/tamil-news-arumugasamy-commission-report-submit-to-chief-minister-mk-stalin-504824?infinitescroll=1 |title=ஜெயலலிதா மரணம் தொடர்பான விசாரணை- முதலமைச்சரிடம் அறிக்கையை தாக்கல் செய்தது ஆறுமுகசாமி ஆணையம் |website=maalaimalar |date=27 August 2022}}</ref>
* 27 August 2022 – The Justice Arumughaswamy Commission finally submitted the 600-page report to the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu [[M. K. Stalin]] after 5 years of its formation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/news/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-s-death-case-arumugasamy-commission-submitted-its-full-report-to-government-today-69971 |title=ஜெயலலிதா மரணத்தில் நடந்தது என்ன? 600 பக்க அறிக்கையை முதல்வரிடம் தாக்கல் செய்த ஆறுமுகசாமி ஆணையம்! |website=abplive tamil |date=27 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/state/tamil-news-arumugasamy-commission-report-submit-to-chief-minister-mk-stalin-504824?infinitescroll=1 |title=ஜெயலலிதா மரணம் தொடர்பான விசாரணை- முதலமைச்சரிடம் அறிக்கையை தாக்கல் செய்தது ஆறுமுகசாமி ஆணையம் |website=maalaimalar |date=27 August 2022}}</ref>
* 18 October 2022 – The State Government tabled the Commission report in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. It raised doubts over the medical treatment given to former chief minister Jayalalithaa , It has recommended further probe against her aide [[V. K. Sasikala]], the then health minister [[C. Vijayabaskar]],  Dr. K. S. Sivakumar,  of Apollo Hospitals, Dr [[J. Radhakrishnan]], former health secretary, former chief secretary P Rama Mohana Rao, among others, for what it called as “lapses”. The report also revealed that multiple people questioned during the probe said Jayalalithaa died on 4 December 2016, between 3 pm and 3:50 pm and not on 5 December 2016 as declared.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/jayalaitha-death-full-details-of-arumugasamy-commission-report-mentioned-about-sasikala-vijayabaskar-415464 |title=ஜெயலலிதா மரணம்: ஆறுமுகசாமி ஆணையம் வெளியிட்ட அதிர்ச்சி தகவல் |website=zeenews india |date=18 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jayalalithaas-death-in-608-page-long-report-arumugasamy-commission-holds-sasikala-guilty-6188233.html |title=Jayalalithaa Death: Panel Blames Sasikala, Advises Probe Against Her, Ex-Health Minister |website=news18 |date=18 October 2022}}</ref> It claimed that US doctor Samin Sharma had convinced the late CM Jayalalithaa to agree for an [[Angioplasty|angio]]. It also questioned why she was not taken abroad for treatment even though Dr. Richard Beale was prepared to take the then Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-death-arumugasamy-commission-orders-inquiry-against-sasikala-former-minister-and-health-secy-1558695 |title=Jayalalithaa Death: Arumugasamy Commission Orders Inquiry Against Sasikala, Former Minister And Ex Health Secy |website=abp live |date=18 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="ArumughaswamyPanelReport">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/66025458-Justice-Arumugaswamy-eng-Report.pdf |title=REPORT OF JUSTICE THIRU A. ARUMUGHASWAMY COMMISSION OF INQUIRY |website=the hindu |date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
* 18 October 2022 – The State Government tabled the Commission report in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. It raised doubts over the medical treatment given to former chief minister Jayalalithaa, It has recommended further probe against her aide [[V. K. Sasikala]], the then health minister [[C. Vijayabaskar]],  Dr. K. S. Sivakumar,  of Apollo Hospitals, Dr [[J. Radhakrishnan]], former health secretary, former chief secretary P Rama Mohana Rao, among others, for what it called as “lapses”. The report also revealed that multiple people questioned during the probe said Jayalalithaa died on 4 December 2016, between 3 pm and 3:50 pm and not on 5 December 2016 as declared.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/jayalaitha-death-full-details-of-arumugasamy-commission-report-mentioned-about-sasikala-vijayabaskar-415464 |title=ஜெயலலிதா மரணம்: ஆறுமுகசாமி ஆணையம் வெளியிட்ட அதிர்ச்சி தகவல் |website=zeenews india |date=18 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jayalalithaas-death-in-608-page-long-report-arumugasamy-commission-holds-sasikala-guilty-6188233.html |title=Jayalalithaa Death: Panel Blames Sasikala, Advises Probe Against Her, Ex-Health Minister |website=news18 |date=18 October 2022}}</ref> It claimed that US doctor Samin Sharma had convinced the late CM Jayalalithaa to agree for an [[Angioplasty|angio]]. It also questioned why she was not taken abroad for treatment even though Dr. Richard Beale was prepared to take the then Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/tamil-nadu/jayalalithaa-death-arumugasamy-commission-orders-inquiry-against-sasikala-former-minister-and-health-secy-1558695 |title=Jayalalithaa Death: Arumugasamy Commission Orders Inquiry Against Sasikala, Former Minister And Ex Health Secy |website=abp live |date=18 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="ArumughaswamyPanelReport">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/66025458-Justice-Arumugaswamy-eng-Report.pdf |title=REPORT OF JUSTICE THIRU A. ARUMUGHASWAMY COMMISSION OF INQUIRY |website=the hindu |date=18 October 2022}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
In [[Mani Ratnam]]'s political drama ''[[Iruvar]]'' (1997), the character of Kalpana portrayed by [[Aishwarya Rai]], was inspired by Jayalalithaa and her professional and personal relationship with [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/dec/07/how-mani-ratnams-iruvar-put-the-spotlight-on-jaya-1546363.html |title=How Mani Ratnam's Iruvar put the spotlight on Jaya |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071216/throwback-when-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-played-jayalalithaa-on-the-big-screen.html |title=Throwback: When Aishwarya played Jayalalithaa on the big-screen |date=7 December 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/12/06/aishwarya-rai-played-jayalalithaa-iruvar-mani-ratnam-mgr-mohanlal-karunanidhi-tamil-film-prakash-raj |title=Aishwarya Rai as Jayalalithaa: When the Big Screen Proved Small |website=The Quint |date=6 December 2016}}</ref> In 2008 Dasavathaaram Movie,Uses She seeing flooding areas from helicopter. In [[Attahasa]] Movie, sources in July 2011 reported that [[Priyamani]] and [[Jayachitra]] were signed on to portray Muthulakshmi and the role of Chief Minister [[Jayalalitha]], respectively{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} Priyamani denied being part of the project, adding that she was not offered the role. [[Faisal Saif]] completed work on major portions of a film titled ''[[Amma (2018 film)|Amma]]'' between 2014 and 2016, but was forced to shelve it following threats from members of Jayalalithaa's political party. The makers denied that the film was a biopic, but stated that actress [[Ragini Dwivedi]] portrayed a role resembling the politician.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-reel-and-real-life-inspires-amma-208217-2014-10-01 |title=Jayalalithaa's reel and real life inspires Amma |author=Aravind Gowda |date=1 October 2014 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260618/political-biopics-face-threats-cuts.html |title=Why Jayalalithaa biopic was shelved, ones on Indira Gandhi, Shastri remain uncertain |first=Uma |last=Ramasubramanian |date=26 June 2018 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
In [[Mani Ratnam]]'s political drama ''[[Iruvar]]'' (1997), the character of Kalpana portrayed by [[Aishwarya Rai]], was inspired by Jayalalithaa and her professional and personal relationship with [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/dec/07/how-mani-ratnams-iruvar-put-the-spotlight-on-jaya-1546363.html |title=How Mani Ratnam's Iruvar put the spotlight on Jaya |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071216/throwback-when-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-played-jayalalithaa-on-the-big-screen.html |title=Throwback: When Aishwarya played Jayalalithaa on the big-screen |date=7 December 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/12/06/aishwarya-rai-played-jayalalithaa-iruvar-mani-ratnam-mgr-mohanlal-karunanidhi-tamil-film-prakash-raj |title=Aishwarya Rai as Jayalalithaa: When the Big Screen Proved Small |website=The Quint |date=6 December 2016}}</ref> In 2008 Dasavathaaram Movie, Uses She seeing flooding areas from helicopter. In [[Attahasa]] Movie, sources in July 2011 reported that [[Priyamani]] and [[Jayachitra]] were signed on to portray Muthulakshmi and the role of Chief Minister [[Jayalalitha]], respectively{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} Priyamani denied being part of the project, adding that she was not offered the role. [[Faisal Saif]] completed work on major portions of a film titled ''[[Amma (2018 film)|Amma]]'' between 2014 and 2016, but was forced to shelve it following threats from members of Jayalalithaa's political party. The makers denied that the film was a biopic, but stated that actress [[Ragini Dwivedi]] portrayed a role resembling the politician.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-reel-and-real-life-inspires-amma-208217-2014-10-01 |title=Jayalalithaa's reel and real life inspires Amma |author=Aravind Gowda |date=1 October 2014 |newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260618/political-biopics-face-threats-cuts.html |title=Why Jayalalithaa biopic was shelved, ones on Indira Gandhi, Shastri remain uncertain |first=Uma |last=Ramasubramanian |date=26 June 2018 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>


Since Jayalalithaa's death, several filmmakers have announced biopics on the politician, with six currently in production. In January 2017, Telugu filmmaker [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] registered the title ''Amma'' and began preparing for a biopic on the politician. The film was being planned with [[Anushka Shetty]] in the lead role, but Rao's death in May 2017 effectively ended the project, despite indications that [[Mohan Babu]] may revive it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amma-jayalalithaa-biopic-dasari-narayana-rao-ramya-krishnan-952959-2017-01-03 |title=Jayalalithaa's life on film: Dasari Narayana Rao to direct biopic? |agency=Ist |newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dasari-had-planned-jayalalithaa-biopic-with-anushka-shetty/story-AfNc34kCGEnFkzSwSDC2eN.html |title=Dasari Narayana Rao had planned Jayalalithaa biopic with Anushka Shetty |date=31 May 2017 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Producer Adithya Bharadwaj announced that his team were over a year into pre-production work for a proposed biopic of Jayalalithaa, during December 2017. Titled ''Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'', he revealed that it would predominantly be a fictionalised retelling of her story with some real life footage also included. Bharadwaj suggested that he had briefly touched upon the possibility of a biopic with Jayalalithaa when she was alive, but the script had to be reworked following her death. Despite his suggestions that the film would begin production in January 2018, the project did not take off.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa/articleshow/62253802.cms |title=A biopic on J Jayalalithaa |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://scroll.in/reel/863002/jayalalithaa-biopic-in-the-works-titled-thaai-puratchi-thalaivi |title=Jayalalithaa biopic in the works, titled 'Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi' |work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Soon after news emerged about Vijay's and Priyadarshini's biopics in August 2018, Adithya reconfirmed that [[Bharathiraja]] had been signed to be the director of the film. He added that the team were considering either Aishwarya Rai or Anushka Shetty for the role of Jayalalithaa, and either [[Kamal Haasan]] or [[Mohanlal]] for the role of M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bharathirajaa-to-direct-a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa-1318856-2018-08-20 |title=Three Jayalalithaa biopics in a week: Bharathirajaa wants Aishwarya as Amma? |agency=Ist |newspaper=India Today}}</ref>
Since Jayalalithaa's death, several filmmakers have announced biopics on the politician, with six currently in production. In January 2017, Telugu filmmaker [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] registered the title ''Amma'' and began preparing for a biopic on the politician. The film was being planned with [[Anushka Shetty]] in the lead role, but Rao's death in May 2017 effectively ended the project, despite indications that [[Mohan Babu]] may revive it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amma-jayalalithaa-biopic-dasari-narayana-rao-ramya-krishnan-952959-2017-01-03 |title=Jayalalithaa's life on film: Dasari Narayana Rao to direct biopic? |agency=Ist |newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dasari-had-planned-jayalalithaa-biopic-with-anushka-shetty/story-AfNc34kCGEnFkzSwSDC2eN.html |title=Dasari Narayana Rao had planned Jayalalithaa biopic with Anushka Shetty |date=31 May 2017 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Producer Adithya Bharadwaj announced that his team were over a year into pre-production work for a proposed biopic of Jayalalithaa, during December 2017. Titled ''Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'', he revealed that it would predominantly be a fictionalised retelling of her story with some real life footage also included. Bharadwaj suggested that he had briefly touched upon the possibility of a biopic with Jayalalithaa when she was alive, but the script had to be reworked following her death. Despite his suggestions that the film would begin production in January 2018, the project did not take off.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa/articleshow/62253802.cms |title=A biopic on J Jayalalithaa |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://scroll.in/reel/863002/jayalalithaa-biopic-in-the-works-titled-thaai-puratchi-thalaivi |title=Jayalalithaa biopic in the works, titled 'Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi' |work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Soon after news emerged about Vijay's and Priyadarshini's biopics in August 2018, Adithya reconfirmed that [[Bharathiraja]] had been signed to be the director of the film. He added that the team were considering either Aishwarya Rai or Anushka Shetty for the role of Jayalalithaa, and either [[Kamal Haasan]] or [[Mohanlal]] for the role of M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bharathirajaa-to-direct-a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa-1318856-2018-08-20 |title=Three Jayalalithaa biopics in a week: Bharathirajaa wants Aishwarya as Amma? |agency=Ist |newspaper=India Today}}</ref>
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===Posts in Parliament of India===
===Posts in Parliament of India===
{| class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!width=70|Year
!Year
!width=195|Constituency
!Position
!width=300|Position
!From
!width=150|From
!To
!width=150|To
!Constituency
|-
|-
| [[1984 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|1984]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] || 3 April 1984 || 28 January 1989
|[[1984 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|1984]]
|[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|3 April 1984
|28 January 1989
|[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
|}
|}


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== Awards and honours ==
== Awards and honours ==
* In 1972, J. Jayalalithaa was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 1972, J. Jayalalithaa was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="degrees"/>
* [[Honorary doctorate]] received from [[University of Madras]] in 1991.<ref name="degrees">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085023/http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2009 |title=Awards and Special Degrees |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |location=Chennai, India |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=37&ID=6852&AlbumType=PG |title=Awards |publisher=NDTV |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
* [[Honorary doctorate]] received from [[University of Madras]] in 1991.<ref name="degrees">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085023/http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2009 |title=Awards and Special Degrees |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |location=Chennai, India |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=37&ID=6852&AlbumType=PG |title=Awards |publisher=NDTV |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407131604/http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=37&ID=6852&AlbumType=PG |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University|The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University]] in 1992.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University|The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University]] in 1992.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] in 1993.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] in 1993.<ref name="degrees"/>
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