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{{Short description|District of Jammu and Kashmir, India}} | |||
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Anantnag}} | {{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Anantnag}} | ||
{{Refimprove|date=September 2021}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = District | ||
| | | native_name = | ||
| | | image_map1 = Kashmir region. LOC 2003626427 - showing Kashmir division administered by India in neon blue.jpg | ||
| | | map_alt = | ||
| | | map_caption1 = Anantnag district is in Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in the disputed [[Kashmir]] region<ref name=tertiary-kashmir/> It is in the [[Kashmir division]] (bordered in neon blue). | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{Coord|33|44|40|N|75|11|30|E|region:IN-JK_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | ||
| | | mapframe = yes | ||
| subdivision_type | | mapframe-zoom = 4 | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_type = Administering country | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_name = India | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | coor_pinpoint = | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type1 = [[Union Territory]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] | ||
| established_title | | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]] | ||
| established_date | | subdivision_name2 = [[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]] | ||
| seat_type | | established_title = Established | ||
| seat | | established_date = | ||
| parts_type | | seat_type = [[Headquarters]] | ||
| seat = [[Anantnag]] | |||
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]<ref name=Tehsils2011>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anantnag.nic.in/no-of-tehsils/|title=Tehsils in Anantnag district, Jammu and Kashmir - Census 2011|access-date=10 July 2021|archive-date=14 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914051746/https://anantnag.nic.in/no-of-tehsils/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| parts_style = para | |||
| p1 = {{olist |[[Anantnag]] |Anantnag East Mattan |[[Bijbehara]] |Shangas |[[Kokernag]] |Larnoo |[[Dooru]] |Shahbadballa |[[Qazigund]]|[[Pahalgam]] |[[Saller]] |[[Srigufwara]] }} | |||
| area_total_km2 = 3,574 | |||
| area_footnotes = | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| area_total_km2 | | population_total = 1,078,692 | ||
| area_footnotes | | population_footnotes = | ||
| population_as_of | | population_urban = | ||
| population_total | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_footnotes | | demographics_type1 = Demographics | ||
| population_urban | | demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] | ||
| population_density_km2 | | demographics1_info1 = 62.69% | ||
| demographics_type1 | | demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | demographics1_info2 = 927 [[female|♀]]/ 1000 [[male|♂]] <!-- 559,767 males, 518,925 females --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/district/anantnag-district-jammu-and-kashmir-14|title=Anantnag District Population, Caste, Religion Data (Jammu and Kashmir) - Census 2011}}</ref> | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | demographics1_footnotes = | ||
| demographics1_title2 | | demographics_type2 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_info2 | | demographics2_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_footnotes | | demographics2_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]] | ||
| demographics_type2 | | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
| demographics2_title1 | | leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituency]] | ||
| demographics2_info1 | | leader_name = [[Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag - Rajouri]] | ||
| demographics2_footnotes | | leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] | ||
| leader_title | | leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Mian Altaf Larvi]], JKNC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberHomePage.aspx?mpsno=5004|title=Lok Sabha Members|work=Lok Sabha|accessdate=12 July 2021}}</ref> }} | ||
| leader_name | | leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]] | ||
| leader_title1 | | leader_name2 = [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|7 constituencies]] | ||
| leader_name1 | | leader_title3 = [[District magistrate|Deputy Commissioner]] (DC/DM/DDC) | ||
| leader_title2 | | leader_name3 = Syeed Fakhrudin Hamid ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])<ref>https://anantnag.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/</ref> | ||
| leader_name2 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| timezone1 | | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | ||
| utc_offset1 | | registration_plate = JK-03<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drivespark.com/rto-vehicle-registration-details/jammu-kashmir-jk-03/|title=JK-03 Anantnag Vehicle Registration Details |publisher=drivespark.com}}</ref> | ||
| registration_plate | | blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]] | ||
| blank_name_sec1 | | blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]], [[National Highway 244 (India)|NH 244]], [[National Highway 501 (India)|NH 501]] | ||
| blank_info_sec1 | | blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/51147/|title=Climate - Anantnag}}</ref> | ||
| blank_name_sec2 | | blank_info_sec2 = 747 mm | ||
| website = {{url|anantnag.nic.in}} | |||
| website | | official_name = Anantnag district | ||
| official_name | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Anantnag''' is | '''Anantnag district''' is an administrative [[district]] of [[India]]-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in the disputed [[Kashmir]] region.<ref name=tertiary-kashmir> The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of [[Kashmir]] and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the [[WP:TERTIARY|tertiary sources]] (a) through (d), reflecting [[WP:DUE|due weight]] in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below). <br/> | ||
(a) {{citation|title=Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent |accessdate=15 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";<br/> | |||
(b) {{citation|last1=Pletcher|first1=Kenneth|title=Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin |accessdate=16 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";<br/> | |||
(c) {{citation|chapter=Kashmir|title=Encyclopedia Americana|publisher=Scholastic Library Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6|page=328}} C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partly by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";<br/> | |||
(d) {{citation|last1=Osmańczyk|first1=Edmund Jan|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5|pages=1191–}} Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."<br/> | |||
(e) {{citation|last=Talbot|first=Ian|title=A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|year=2016|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19694-8|pages=28–29}} Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";<br/> | |||
(f) {{citation|title=Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent |accessdate=15 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.";<br/> | |||
(g) {{citation|last=Bose|first=Sumantra|title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA294|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-02855-5|pages=294, 291, 293}} Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute..."<br/> | |||
(h) {{citation|last=Fisher|first=Michael H.|title=An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-11162-2|page=166}} Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed..."<br/> | |||
(i) {{citation|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-84904-621-3|page=10}} Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." | |||
</ref> | |||
== | It is one of ten districts which make up the [[Kashmir Valley]]. The district headquarters is [[Anantnag]] city. As of 2011, it was the third most populous district of Jammu and Kashmir (out of [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|22]]), after [[Jammu district|Jammu]] and [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/490/download/1608/DH_2011_0114_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf |title=District Census Handbook 2011: Anantnag |publisher=[[Census of India]] |year=2016}}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | |||
Anantnag district has a total area of {{convert|3574|sqkm}}. The district is bordered by [[Kargil district]] and [[Kishtwar district]] in the east, [[Doda district]] and [[Ramban district]] to the south and [[Ganderbal district]] to the north and [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]], [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]], [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]] and [[Shopian district|Shopian]] districts to the west. | |||
==Climate== | |||
Anantnag features a moderate climate ([[Köppen climate classification]]). Anantnag's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering [[Karakoram]] to its east and the Pirpanjal range to the south. It can be generally described as cool in the spring and autumn, mild in the summer, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in Geolocation among various districts, the [[weather]] is often cooler in the hilly areas of the east as compared to the flat northern part of Anantnag. | |||
Summer is usually mild and with a little rain, but [[relative humidity]] is generally high and the nights are cool. The [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] occurs throughout the year but no one month is particularly dry. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 6 °C, mean maximum temperature 32 °C) and the coldest are December–January (mean minimum temperature −15 °C, mean maximum temperature 0 °C). | |||
Weather conditions are unpredictable. The record high temperature is 33 °C and the record low is −18 °C. On 5–6 January 2012, after years of relatively little snow, a [[Winter storm|wave of heavy snow and low temperatures]] shocked the city covering it in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing them to officially declare a [[state of emergency]] and calling the following two days (6 and 7 January) off for the whole valley. | |||
Anantnag has seen an increase in relative humidity and annual precipitation in the last few years. This is most likely because of the commercial afforestation projects which also includes expanding parks and green cover. The suburb parts of Anantnag are lusher than the central part. | |||
Anantnag District possesses all the typical characteristics of the climate of Kashmir Valley as a whole. "In his introduction to the ''Rajtarangini Kulan'' or ''Kalhána'', Pandit says about the climate of Valley: 'It is a country where the sun shines mildly, being the place created by Kashayapa as if for his glory. High school-houses, the saffron, iced water and grapes, which are rare even in heaven, are common here. Kailasa is the best place in the three worlds, Himalaya the best part of Kailásá, and Kashmir the best place in Himalaya.'"<ref name=Lawrence-p13>{{cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Walter Roper |author-link=Walter Roper Lawrence |date=2005 |orig-year=1895 |title=The Valley of Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqAHweWRUs0C&q=Rajtarangini+Kulan&pg=PA13 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |page=13 |isbn=978-8120616301 }}</ref><ref name=indiaonapage-Anantnag/> | |||
"[[Walter Roper Lawrence|Sir Walter Lawrence]] writes in his book ''The Valley of Kashmir'' that in latitude Kashmir corresponds with Peshawar, Baghdad and Damascus in Asia: with Fez in Morocco: and South Carolina in America, but it presents none of the characteristics of those countries. People have linked the climate of Kashmir to that of Switzerland until the end of May, and of Southern France in July and August. But it is impossible to speak of Kashmir as possessing any one climate or group of characteristics. Every hundred feet of elevation brings some new phase of climate and of vegetation."<ref name=indiaonapage-Anantnag>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaonapage.com/India/Jammu-and-Kashmir/Anantnag/general-info.html | title=Anantnag district General information | publisher=India on a Page | access-date=18 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name=Lawrence-p13/> | |||
{{Weather box | |||
| location = Anantnag (1971–1986) | |||
| metric first = Y | |||
| single line = Y | |||
| Jan high C = 7.0 | |||
| Feb high C = 8.2 | |||
| Mar high C = 14.1 | |||
| Apr high C = 20.5 | |||
| May high C = 24.5 | |||
| Jun high C = 29.6 | |||
| Jul high C = 30.1 | |||
| Aug high C = 29.6 | |||
| Sep high C = 27.4 | |||
| Oct high C = 22.4 | |||
| Nov high C = 15.1 | |||
| Dec high C = 8.2 | |||
| year high C = 19.7 | |||
| Jan low C = -2.0 | |||
| Feb low C = -0.7 | |||
| Mar low C = 3.4 | |||
| Apr low C = 7.9 | |||
| May low C = 10.8 | |||
| Jun low C = 14.9 | |||
| Jul low C = 18.1 | |||
| Aug low C = 17.5 | |||
| Sep low C = 12.1 | |||
| Oct low C = 5.8 | |||
| Nov low C = 0.9 | |||
| Dec low C = -1.5 | |||
| year low C = 7.3 | |||
| Jan low F = 28.4 | |||
| precipitation colour = green | |||
| Jan precipitation mm = 48 | |||
| Feb precipitation mm = 68 | |||
| Mar precipitation mm = 121 | |||
| Apr precipitation mm = 85 | |||
| May precipitation mm = 68 | |||
| Jun precipitation mm = 39 | |||
| Jul precipitation mm = 62 | |||
| Aug precipitation mm = 76 | |||
| Sep precipitation mm = 28 | |||
| Oct precipitation mm = 33 | |||
| Nov precipitation mm = 28 | |||
| Dec precipitation mm = 54 | |||
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | |||
| Jan precipitation days = 6.6 | |||
| Feb precipitation days = 7.3 | |||
| Mar precipitation days = 10.2 | |||
| Apr precipitation days = 8.8 | |||
| May precipitation days = 8.1 | |||
| Jun precipitation days = 5.7 | |||
| Jul precipitation days = 7.9 | |||
| Aug precipitation days = 6.8 | |||
| Sep precipitation days = 3.5 | |||
| Oct precipitation days = 2.8 | |||
| Nov precipitation days = 2.8 | |||
| Dec precipitation days = 5.1 | |||
| source = HKO<ref name = HKO>{{cite web | |||
| url = http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/srinagar_e.htm | |||
| title = Climatological Information for Srinigar, India | |||
| publisher = [[Hong Kong Observatory]] | |||
| access-date = 2011-05-02 | |||
| archive-date = 26 December 2018 | |||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226114950/http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/srinagar_e.htm | |||
| url-status = dead | |||
}}</ref> | |||
| date = November 2010 | |||
}} | |||
==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
Anantnag | Anantnag district has 7 assembly constituencies: [[Anantnag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]], [[Anantnag West Assembly constituency|Anantnag West]], [[Dooru (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dooru]], [[Kokernag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kokernag]], [[Shangus (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shangus-Anantnag East]], [[Bijbehara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijbehara]] and [[Pahalgam (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pahalgam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/ERos_AERos.html |title=ERO's and AERO's |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir |access-date=2008-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022185235/http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/eros_aeros.html |archive-date=2008-10-22 }}</ref> Anantnag district has one [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Lok Sabha constituency]]. The present [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] of [[Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag-Rajouri]] is [[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberHomePage.aspx?mpsno=5005|title=Lok Sabha Members|work=Lok Sabha|accessdate=12 July 2021}}</ref> of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]. The [[District Development Council|DDC]] chairperson of the district is Yousuf Gorsi of JKNC which is part of the [[People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration|PAGD]]. | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
{{ | {{Historical population | ||
| | | source = <ref name="censusindia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=A-2 Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref> | ||
| footnote = † 1951 and 1991 populations are estimated | |||
| | | 1901 | 155387 | ||
| | | 1911 | 174661 | ||
| | | 1921 | 193132 | ||
| | | 1931 | 215286 | ||
| | | 1941 | 238136 | ||
| | | 1951 | 261935 | ||
| | | 1961 | 285734 | ||
| | | 1971 | 374175 | ||
| | | 1981 | 490057 | ||
| | | 1991 | 638634 | ||
| | | 2001 | 843892 | ||
| | | 2011 | 1008039 | ||
| | |align = center | ||
| | |||
| | |||
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}} | }} | ||
{{ | |||
{{Bar box | |||
| | |title=Religion in Anantnag district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C01"/> | ||
| | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
| | |left1=Religion | ||
| | |right1=Percent | ||
| | |float=left | ||
| | |bars= | ||
| | {{Bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|97.99}} | ||
{{Bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|1.22}} | |||
{{Bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.57}} | |||
{{Bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.22}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{See also|List of cities in Jammu and Kashmir by population}} | {{See also|List of cities in Jammu and Kashmir by population}} | ||
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Anantnag district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,078,692,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = | |||
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Anantnag district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,078,692,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = | |||
Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est. | Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est. | ||
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web | }}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web | ||
| Line 118: | Line 212: | ||
|archivedate=2013-10-19 | |archivedate=2013-10-19 | ||
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 425th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> | }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 425th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> | ||
The district has a population density of {{convert|375|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 37.48%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Anantnag had a [[sex ratio]] of 927 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> (this varies with religion) and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 64.32%<ref name=districtcensus/> | The district has a population density of {{convert|375|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 37.48%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Anantnag had a [[sex ratio]] of 927 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> (this varies with religion) and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 64.32% in 2011. 26.23% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 0.17% and 10.75% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/> | ||
Anantnag city with population of 108,505 was the largest city in the district. Anantnag Urban Agglomeration had a population of 158,785. | Anantnag city with population of 108,505 was the largest city in the district. Anantnag Urban Agglomeration had a population of 158,785. | ||
| Line 130: | Line 224: | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar pixel|Muslim (pop 1,057,005)|green|94.778||948 }} | {{bar pixel|Muslim (pop 1,057,005)|green|94.778||948 }} | ||
{{bar pixel|Hindu (pop 13,180)| | {{bar pixel|Hindu (pop 13,180)|darkorange|9.742||97 }} | ||
{{bar pixel|Sikh (pop 6,140)|yellow|67.760||678 }} | {{bar pixel|Sikh (pop 6,140)|yellow|67.760||678 }} | ||
{{bar pixel|Other (pop 2,367)|grey|65.989||660 }} | {{bar pixel|Other (pop 2,367)|grey|65.989||660 }} | ||
| Line 183: | Line 277: | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| | {{Pie chart | ||
| | |thumb = right | ||
|caption = Languages of Anantnag district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C16"/> | |||
|label1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] |value1 = 85.10 |color1 = lightgreen | |||
| | |label2 = [[Gujari language|Gojri]] |value2 = 11.46 |color2 = tomato | ||
|label3 = [[Pahari-Pothwari|Pahari]] |value3 = 1.21 |color3 = lightpink | |||
|other = y |other-label = Others |other-color = grey | |||
}} | |||
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The predominant language of the district is [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] which is spoken by 85.10% of the population. The second largest language is [[Gujari]] which is 11.46%, while [[Pahari-Pothwari|Pahari]] is third with 1.21% of the population.<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX|title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=18 July 2020}}</ref>{{clear|left}} | |||
=== | ==Transportation== | ||
===Air=== | |||
[[ | The nearest airport is [[Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport]] in [[Srinagar]] located 60 kilometres from district headquarters [[Anantnag]]. There is a nearby [[Awantipur Air Force Station|airbase]] in [[Awantipora]] which is used by the [[Indian Air Force]]. | ||
=== | ===Rail=== | ||
Anantnag district is very well-connected with railways. The [[Jammu–Baramulla line]] passes through the district. There are numerous railway stations throughout the district. | |||
=== | ===Road=== | ||
The district is well-connected with roads and highways. The [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]], [[National Highway 244 (India)|NH 244]] and [[National Highway 501 (India)|NH 501]] pass through Anantnag district alongside other intra-district roads. | |||
== | ==Villages== | ||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦---> | |||
* [[Khiram]] | |||
== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths="200" heights="125"> | |||
File:Lavender Park 2.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir | |||
File:Lavender Park 7.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir | |||
File:Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary.jpg|Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary (protected area in Jammu and Kashmir) | |||
File:Lavender Park 4.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir | |||
File:Lavender Park 9.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir | |||
</gallery> | |||
Anantnag | |||
Anantnag | |||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[ | * [[Anantnag railway station]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Kashmir Railway]] | ||
*[[Kokernag]] | * [[Kokernag]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Martand Sun Temple]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Pahalgam]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Qazigund]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Sinthan]] | ||
*[[ | * [[Verinag]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 453: | Line 329: | ||
* [https://anantnag.nic.in/ Official website] | * [https://anantnag.nic.in/ Official website] | ||
{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}} | |||
{{Geographic location | {{Geographic location | ||
| Centre = Anantnag district | | Centre = Anantnag district | ||
| Line 465: | Line 342: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Kashmir Valley}} | {{Kashmir Valley}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Anantnag district| ]] | [[Category:Anantnag district| ]] | ||
[[Category:Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]] | [[Category:Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]] | ||
[[Category:Minority | [[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:50, 13 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2021) |
Anantnag district | |
|---|---|
District | |
![Anantnag district is in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region[1] It is in the Kashmir division (bordered in neon blue).](/wiki/File:Kashmir_region._LOC_2003626427_-_showing_Kashmir_division_administered_by_India_in_neon_blue.jpg) Anantnag district is in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region[1] It is in the Kashmir division (bordered in neon blue). | |
| Coordinates: 33°44′40″N 75°11′30″E / 33.74444°N 75.19167°E | |
| Administering country | India |
| Union Territory | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Division | Kashmir |
| Headquarters | Anantnag |
| Tehsils[2] | |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha Constituency | Anantnag - Rajouri |
| • MP | Mian Altaf Larvi, JKNC[3] |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | 7 constituencies |
| • Deputy Commissioner (DC/DM/DDC) | Syeed Fakhrudin Hamid (IAS)[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,574 km2 (1,380 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 1,078,692 |
| • Density | 300/km2 (780/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 62.69% |
| • Sex ratio | 927 ♀/ 1000 ♂ [5] |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Dogri, English |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | JK-03[8] |
| Major highways | NH 44, NH 244, NH 501 |
| Average annual precipitation[9] | 747 mm |
| Website | anantnag |
Anantnag district is an administrative district of India-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.[1]
It is one of ten districts which make up the Kashmir Valley. The district headquarters is Anantnag city. As of 2011, it was the third most populous district of Jammu and Kashmir (out of 22), after Jammu and Srinagar.[10]
Geography[edit | edit source]
Anantnag district has a total area of 3,574 square kilometres (1,380 sq mi). The district is bordered by Kargil district and Kishtwar district in the east, Doda district and Ramban district to the south and Ganderbal district to the north and Kulgam, Srinagar, Pulwama and Shopian districts to the west.
Climate[edit | edit source]
Anantnag features a moderate climate (Köppen climate classification). Anantnag's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Karakoram to its east and the Pirpanjal range to the south. It can be generally described as cool in the spring and autumn, mild in the summer, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in Geolocation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly areas of the east as compared to the flat northern part of Anantnag.
Summer is usually mild and with a little rain, but relative humidity is generally high and the nights are cool. The precipitation occurs throughout the year but no one month is particularly dry. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 6 °C, mean maximum temperature 32 °C) and the coldest are December–January (mean minimum temperature −15 °C, mean maximum temperature 0 °C).
Weather conditions are unpredictable. The record high temperature is 33 °C and the record low is −18 °C. On 5–6 January 2012, after years of relatively little snow, a wave of heavy snow and low temperatures shocked the city covering it in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing them to officially declare a state of emergency and calling the following two days (6 and 7 January) off for the whole valley.
Anantnag has seen an increase in relative humidity and annual precipitation in the last few years. This is most likely because of the commercial afforestation projects which also includes expanding parks and green cover. The suburb parts of Anantnag are lusher than the central part. Anantnag District possesses all the typical characteristics of the climate of Kashmir Valley as a whole. "In his introduction to the Rajtarangini Kulan or Kalhána, Pandit says about the climate of Valley: 'It is a country where the sun shines mildly, being the place created by Kashayapa as if for his glory. High school-houses, the saffron, iced water and grapes, which are rare even in heaven, are common here. Kailasa is the best place in the three worlds, Himalaya the best part of Kailásá, and Kashmir the best place in Himalaya.'"[11][12]
"Sir Walter Lawrence writes in his book The Valley of Kashmir that in latitude Kashmir corresponds with Peshawar, Baghdad and Damascus in Asia: with Fez in Morocco: and South Carolina in America, but it presents none of the characteristics of those countries. People have linked the climate of Kashmir to that of Switzerland until the end of May, and of Southern France in July and August. But it is impossible to speak of Kashmir as possessing any one climate or group of characteristics. Every hundred feet of elevation brings some new phase of climate and of vegetation."[12][11]
| Climate data for Anantnag (1971–1986) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
20.5 (68.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.6 (85.3) |
27.4 (81.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −2.0 (28.4) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
7.9 (46.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
5.8 (42.4) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
7.3 (45.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48 (1.9) |
68 (2.7) |
121 (4.8) |
85 (3.3) |
68 (2.7) |
39 (1.5) |
62 (2.4) |
76 (3.0) |
28 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
28 (1.1) |
54 (2.1) |
710 (27.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.6 | 7.3 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 75.6 |
| Source: HKO[13] | |||||||||||||
Politics[edit | edit source]
Anantnag district has 7 assembly constituencies: Anantnag, Anantnag West, Dooru, Kokernag, Shangus-Anantnag East, Bijbehara and Pahalgam.[14] Anantnag district has one Lok Sabha constituency. The present MP of Anantnag-Rajouri is Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi[15] of the JKNC. The DDC chairperson of the district is Yousuf Gorsi of JKNC which is part of the PAGD.
Demographics[edit | edit source]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 155,387 | — |
| 1911 | 174,661 | +12.4% |
| 1921 | 193,132 | +10.6% |
| 1931 | 215,286 | +11.5% |
| 1941 | 238,136 | +10.6% |
| 1951 | 261,935 | +10.0% |
| 1961 | 285,734 | +9.1% |
| 1971 | 374,175 | +31.0% |
| 1981 | 490,057 | +31.0% |
| 1991 | 638,634 | +30.3% |
| 2001 | 843,892 | +32.1% |
| 2011 | 1,008,039 | +19.5% |
| † 1951 and 1991 populations are estimated Source: [16] | ||
According to the 2011 census Anantnag district had a population of 1,078,692,[10] roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus[18] or the US state of Rhode Island.[19] This gives it a ranking of 425th in India (out of a total of 640).[10] The district has a population density of 375 inhabitants per square kilometre (970/sq mi).[10] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 37.48%.[10] Anantnag had a sex ratio of 927 females for every 1,000 males[10] (this varies with religion) and a literacy rate of 64.32% in 2011. 26.23% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 0.17% and 10.75% of the population respectively.[10]
Anantnag city with population of 108,505 was the largest city in the district. Anantnag Urban Agglomeration had a population of 158,785.
| Anantnag district: religion, gender ratio, and % urban of population, according to the 2011 Census.[17] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikh | Buddhist | Jain | Other | Not stated | Total | |
| Total | 13,180 | 1,057,005 | 1,449 | 6,140 | 55 | 7 | 7 | 849 | 1,078,692 |
| 1.22% | 97.99% | 0.13% | 0.57% | 0.01% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.08% | 100.00% | |
| Male | 12,010 | 542,671 | 845 | 3,660 | 35 | 4 | 3 | 539 | 559,767 |
| Female | 1,170 | 514,334 | 604 | 2,480 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 310 | 518,925 |
| Gender ratio (% female) | 8.9% | 48.7% | 41.7% | 40.4% | 36.4% | 42.9% | 57.1% | 36.5% | 48.1% |
| Sex ratio (no. of females per 1,000 males) |
97 | 948 | 715 | 678 | – | – | – | 575 | 927 |
| Urban | 8,399 | 272,573 | 504 | 1,149 | 34 | 4 | 1 | 223 | 282,887 |
| Rural | 4,781 | 784,432 | 945 | 4,991 | 21 | 3 | 6 | 626 | 795,805 |
| % Urban | 63.7% | 25.8% | 34.8% | 18.7% | 61.8% | 57.1% | 14.3% | 26.3% | 26.2% |
The predominant language of the district is Kashmiri which is spoken by 85.10% of the population. The second largest language is Gujari which is 11.46%, while Pahari is third with 1.21% of the population.[20]
Transportation[edit | edit source]
Air[edit | edit source]
The nearest airport is Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport in Srinagar located 60 kilometres from district headquarters Anantnag. There is a nearby airbase in Awantipora which is used by the Indian Air Force.
Rail[edit | edit source]
Anantnag district is very well-connected with railways. The Jammu–Baramulla line passes through the district. There are numerous railway stations throughout the district.
Road[edit | edit source]
The district is well-connected with roads and highways. The NH 44, NH 244 and NH 501 pass through Anantnag district alongside other intra-district roads.
Villages[edit | edit source]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
-
Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
-
Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
-
Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary (protected area in Jammu and Kashmir)
-
Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
-
Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
See also[edit | edit source]
- Anantnag railway station
- Kashmir Railway
- Kokernag
- Martand Sun Temple
- Pahalgam
- Qazigund
- Sinthan
- Verinag
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (d), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below).
(a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
(b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
(c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partly by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
(d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
(e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
(f) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.";
(g) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute..."
(h) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed..."
(i) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3 Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." - ↑ "Tehsils in Anantnag district, Jammu and Kashmir - Census 2011". Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- ↑ "Lok Sabha Members". Lok Sabha. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ↑ https://anantnag.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/
- ↑ "Anantnag District Population, Caste, Religion Data (Jammu and Kashmir) - Census 2011".
- ↑ "The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 27 September 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ↑ "Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020". Rising Kashmir. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ↑ "JK-03 Anantnag Vehicle Registration Details". drivespark.com.
- ↑ "Climate - Anantnag".
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 District Census Handbook 2011: Anantnag (PDF). Census of India. 2016.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lawrence, Walter Roper (2005) [1895]. The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services. p. 13. ISBN 978-8120616301.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Anantnag district General information". India on a Page. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
- ↑ "Climatological Information for Srinigar, India". Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
- ↑ "ERO's and AERO's". Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ↑ "Lok Sabha Members". Lok Sabha. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ↑ "A-2 Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu & Kashmir (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
- ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Rhode Island 1,052,567
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
External links[edit | edit source]
Places adjacent to Anantnag district | |
|---|---|
