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{{Translation cleanup|Sindhi|Sindhi name is possibly incorrect as the Sindhi Bharatpedia uses {{langx|sd|چيٽي چنڊ}}|date=February 2026}} | |||
{{short description|New year day of Sindhi Hindus}} | {{short description|New year day of Sindhi Hindus}} | ||
{{see also|Indian New Year's days}} | {{see also|Indian New Year's days}} | ||
{{Infobox holiday | {{Infobox holiday | ||
|holiday_name = Cheti Chand | | holiday_name = Chetri Chandra or Cheti Chand | ||
|type = Hindu | | type = Hindu | ||
|image = Jhulelal hindu deity.jpg | | image = Jhulelal hindu deity.jpg | ||
|caption = [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Jhulelal]], the [[Iṣṭa-devatā|Ishta Devta]] of the Sindhi Hindus | | caption = [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Jhulelal]], the [[Iṣṭa-devatā (Hinduism)|Ishta Devta]] of the Sindhi Hindus | ||
|nickname = Sindhi new year | | nickname = Sindhi new year | ||
|observedby = [[Sindhi Hindus]] | | observedby = [[Sindhi Hindus]] | ||
|begins = | | significance = marks the beginning of the Lunar Hindu New Year for Sindhi Hindus. | ||
|ends = | | begins = | ||
|date = March/April | | ends = | ||
|date2019 = April 6<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sindhitipnocalendar.com/april-sindhi-tipno-calendar-wallpaper-pdf-download/13/|title=April 2019 / 2020 Sindhi Tipno Calendar Wallpaper, PDF Download|date=July 11, 2018}}</ref> | | date = March/April | ||
|date2020 = March 25<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jhulelal.com/calendar/2020.html |title=2020 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar |website=www.jhulelal.com |access-date=2020-02-28 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | | date2019 = April 6<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sindhitipnocalendar.com/april-sindhi-tipno-calendar-wallpaper-pdf-download/13/|title=April 2019 / 2020 Sindhi Tipno Calendar Wallpaper, PDF Download|date=July 11, 2018|access-date=August 4, 2018|archive-date=July 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724124301/http://sindhitipnocalendar.com/april-sindhi-tipno-calendar-wallpaper-pdf-download/13|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
|date2021 = April 13<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jhulelal.com/calendar/2021.html |title=2021 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar |website=www.jhulelal.com |access-date=2021-02-27 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | | date2020 = March 25<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jhulelal.com/calendar/2020.html |title=2020 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar |website=www.jhulelal.com |access-date=2020-02-28 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | ||
|celebrations = 2 days<ref name=ramey125>{{cite book|author=S. Ramey|title=Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bv2ADAAAQBAJ|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-61622-6|pages=125–127}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thesindhuworld.com/sindhi-festivals/|title=Sindhi : Sindhi Festivals: Festival Calendar 2018 : List Sindhi Festivals {{!}} The Sindhu World|website=thesindhuworld.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref> | | date2021 = April 13<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jhulelal.com/calendar/2021.html |title=2021 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar |website=www.jhulelal.com |access-date=2021-02-27 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | ||
|observances = Sindhi New Year's Day, ''mela'' (fairs), social feast, processions, dancing<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/> | | celebrations = 2 days<ref name=ramey125>{{cite book|author=S. Ramey|title=Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bv2ADAAAQBAJ|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-61622-6|pages=125–127}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thesindhuworld.com/sindhi-festivals/|title=Sindhi : Sindhi Festivals: Festival Calendar 2018 : List Sindhi Festivals {{!}} The Sindhu World|website=thesindhuworld.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref> | ||
|relatedto = [[Ugadi]], [[Gudi Padwa]] | | observances = Sindhi New Year's Day, ''mela'' (fairs), social feast, processions, dancing<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/> | ||
| relatedto = [[Ugadi]], [[Gudi Padwa]] | |||
| date2022 = April 2<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jhulelal.com/calendar/2022.html |title=2022 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar |website=www.jhulelal.com |access-date=2022-04-02 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Hinduism}} | {{Hinduism}} | ||
''' | '''Chetri Chandra''' ({{Langx|sd|چيٽي چنڊ}}, Moon of Chaitra) is a festival that marks the beginning of the Lunar [[Chaitra Navratri|Hindu New Year]] for [[Sindhi Hindus]].<ref name="Falzon2004p62" /><ref name="Ramey2008p8">{{cite book|author=S. Ramey|title=Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bv2ADAAAQBAJ|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-61622-6|pages=8, 36}}</ref> The date of the festival is based on the lunar cycle of the lunisolar [[Hindu calendar]], falling on the first day of the year, in the Sindhi month of ''Chet'' ([[Chaitra]]).<ref name="Falzon2004p62">{{cite book|author=Mark-Anthony Falzon|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA62|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-14008-5|pages=60–63}}</ref> It typically falls in late March or early April in the [[Gregorian calendar]] on or about the same day as [[Gudi Padwa]] in Maharashtra, [[Ugadi]] in other parts of the Deccan region and Hindu Samvat Nav Varsha or beginning on New Year in Hindu Samvat Calendar of India. | ||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
The festival marks the arrival of spring and harvest<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-09|title=Jhulelal Jayanti 2021 (Cheti Chand) [Hindi]: जानिए झूलेलाल जी को विस्तार से|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/cheti-chand-jhulelal-jayanti/|access-date=2021-04-14|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> | The festival marks the arrival of spring and harvest,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-09|title=Jhulelal Jayanti 2021 (Cheti Chand) [Hindi]: जानिए झूलेलाल जी को विस्तार से|url=https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/cheti-chand-jhulelal-jayanti/|access-date=2021-04-14|website=S A NEWS|language=en-US}}</ref> but in the Sindhi community, it also marks the birth of Uderolal in 1007, after they prayed to the [[Varuna|Hindu god Varun Dev]] on the banks of River Indus to save them from the persecution by the tyrannical Muslim ruler Mirkhshah.<ref name="Ramey2008p8"/><ref name=falzon159/><ref name=kumar120>{{cite book|author=P. Pratap Kumar|title=Contemporary Hinduism|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7Wd_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|year= 2014|publisher= Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-54636-8|pages= 120–124}}</ref> Varun Dev morphed into a warrior and old man who preached and reprimanded Mirkhshah that Muslims and Hindus deserve the same religious freedoms. He, as Jhulelal,<ref name="Ramey2008p8"/> became the champion of the people in Sindh, from both religions. Among his [[Sufi]] Muslim followers, Jhulelal is known as "Khwaja Khizir" or "Zindapir". The Hindu Sindhi, according to this legend, celebrate the new year as Uderolal's birthday.<ref name="Ramey2008p8"/><ref name=falzon159>{{cite book|author=Mark-Anthony Falzon|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA59|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-14008-5|pages=58–60}}</ref> | ||
The tradition likely started with Daryapanthis. During the British colonial rule era, major annual fairs (''melas'') used to be held in Uderolal and Zindapir (near [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], Pakistan).<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/> In contemporary times, the Sindhi community celebrates the festival of Cheti Chand with major fairs, feast parties, processions with ''jhankis'' (glimpse stage) of Jhulelal (an avatar of [Varun dev], similar to [[Vithoba]]),<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark-Anthony Falzon|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA62|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-14008-5|page=60}}</ref> other Hindu deities, and social dancing.<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/> | The tradition likely started with Daryapanthis. During the British colonial rule era, major annual fairs (''melas'') used to be held in Uderolal and Zindapir (near [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], Pakistan).<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/> In contemporary times, the Sindhi community celebrates the festival of Cheti Chand with major fairs, feast parties, processions with ''jhankis'' (glimpse stage) of Jhulelal (an avatar of [Varun dev], similar to [[Vithoba]]),<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark-Anthony Falzon|title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljbS-I5Y8WMC&pg=PA62|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-14008-5|page=60}}</ref> other Hindu deities, and social dancing.<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/> | ||
On this day, many [[Sindhis]] take Baharana Sahib, a representation of Jhulelal, to a nearby river or lake. Baharana Sahib consists of jyot (oil lamp), misiri (crystal sugar), fota ([[cardamom]]), fal (fruits), and akha. Behind is kalash (water jar) and a nariyal ([[coconut]]) in it, covered with [[cloth]], phool ([[flowers]]) and patta ([[leaves]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=PHOTOS: How India celebrates New Year|url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-how-india-celebrates-the-hindu-new-year/20130411.htm|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=cheti chand,sindhi festivals, chaliho sahab - Festivals Of India|url=https://www.festivalsofindia.in/chetichand/|access-date=2021-04-13|website=www.festivalsofindia.in}}</ref> There is also a [[Murti]] (statue) of Pujya Jhulelal Devta. Cheti Chand is a major festival of Sindhi Hindus in India and Pakistan,<ref name=ramey125/> and also celebrated by the Hindu [[Sindhi diaspora]] around the world.<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/><ref name=kumar120/> | On this day, many [[Sindhis]] take Baharana Sahib, a representation of Jhulelal, to a nearby river or lake. Baharana Sahib consists of jyot (oil lamp), misiri (crystal sugar), fota ([[cardamom]]), fal (fruits), and akha. Behind is kalash (water jar) and a nariyal ([[coconut]]) in it, covered with [[cloth]], phool ([[flowers]]) and patta ([[leaves]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=PHOTOS: How India celebrates New Year|url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-how-india-celebrates-the-hindu-new-year/20130411.htm|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Rediff|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=cheti chand, sindhi festivals, chaliho sahab - Festivals Of India|url=https://www.festivalsofindia.in/chetichand/|access-date=2021-04-13|website=www.festivalsofindia.in}}</ref> There is also a [[Murti]] (statue) of Pujya Jhulelal Devta. Cheti Chand is a major festival of Sindhi Hindus in India and Pakistan,<ref name=ramey125/> and also celebrated by the Hindu [[Sindhi diaspora]] around the world.<ref name="Falzon2004p62"/><ref name=kumar120/> | ||
== Months (lunar) == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Month no. | |||
!Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sindhi Months |url=https://teejri.com/sindhi-months |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=teejri.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Trumpp |first=Ernest |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=aIcFg7hd2zgC&pg=PA529&dq=sindhi+months+names&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi76eb5yfOSAxUjQaQEHafmNqYQ6wF6BAgIEAU#v=onepage&q=sindhi%20months%20names&f=false |title=Grammar of the Sindhi Language Compared with the Sanskrit-Prakrit and the Cognate Indian Vernaculars Ernes Trumpp |date=1872 |publisher=Trubner and C. |language=en}}</ref> | |||
![[Sindhi language|Sindhi Naskh]] | |||
![[Devanagari|Sindhi Nagari]] | |||
!Western months | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
|[[Vaishakha|Vēsākhu]] | |||
|ويساک | |||
|वेसाख | |||
|Mid April – Mid May | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|[[Jeth|Jēthu]] | |||
|ڄيٺ | |||
|जेठ | |||
|Mid May – Mid June | |||
|- | |||
|3 | |||
|[[Harh|Ākhāru]] | |||
|آکاڙ | |||
|आखर | |||
|Mid June – Mid July | |||
|- | |||
|4 | |||
|[[Sawan|Sānwanru/Srānu]] | |||
|سانوڻ/سراڻ | |||
|सावनवार | |||
|Mid July – Mid August | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|[[Bhadon|Baḍrō]] | |||
|بڊو | |||
|बडो | |||
|Mid August – Mid September | |||
|- | |||
|6 | |||
|[[Assu|Asav/Asu]] | |||
|آساو/اسو | |||
|आसव | |||
|Mid September – Mid October | |||
|- | |||
|7 | |||
|[[Kattak|Katee]] | |||
|ڪتي | |||
|कती | |||
|Mid October – Mid November | |||
|- | |||
|8 | |||
|[[Magghar (month)|Nahri/Nāhari/Manghiru]] | |||
|نھري/ناھري/منگھر | |||
|नाहरी | |||
|Mid November – Mid December | |||
|- | |||
|9 | |||
|[[Poh|Pōhu]] | |||
|پوھ | |||
|पोह | |||
|Mid December – Mid January | |||
|- | |||
|10 | |||
|[[Magh (Sikh calendar)|Mānghu/Māghu]] | |||
|مانگھ/ماگھ | |||
|मांग | |||
|Mid January – Mid February | |||
|- | |||
|11 | |||
|[[Phaggan|Phagunu/Phāgu]] | |||
|ڦڳڻ/ڦاڳ | |||
|फागुन | |||
|Mid February – Mid March | |||
|- | |||
|12 | |||
|[[Chet (month)|Chet/Chetru]] | |||
|چيٽ | |||
|चेट | |||
|Mid March – Mid April | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 138: | ||
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]] | [[Category:Religious festivals in India]] | ||
[[Category:Religious festivals in Pakistan]] | [[Category:Religious festivals in Pakistan]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:01, 6 March 2026
| Chetri Chandra or Cheti Chand | |
|---|---|
![]() Jhulelal, the Ishta Devta of the Sindhi Hindus | |
| Also called | Sindhi new year |
| Observed by | Sindhi Hindus |
| Type | Hindu |
| Significance | marks the beginning of the Lunar Hindu New Year for Sindhi Hindus. |
| Celebrations | 2 days[1][2] |
| Observances | Sindhi New Year's Day, mela (fairs), social feast, processions, dancing[3] |
| Date | March/April |
| Related to | Ugadi, Gudi Padwa |
| Part of a series on |
| Hinduism |
|---|
Chetri Chandra (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Moon of Chaitra) is a festival that marks the beginning of the Lunar Hindu New Year for Sindhi Hindus.[3][8] The date of the festival is based on the lunar cycle of the lunisolar Hindu calendar, falling on the first day of the year, in the Sindhi month of Chet (Chaitra).[3] It typically falls in late March or early April in the Gregorian calendar on or about the same day as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra, Ugadi in other parts of the Deccan region and Hindu Samvat Nav Varsha or beginning on New Year in Hindu Samvat Calendar of India.
Overview[edit | edit source]
The festival marks the arrival of spring and harvest,[9] but in the Sindhi community, it also marks the birth of Uderolal in 1007, after they prayed to the Hindu god Varun Dev on the banks of River Indus to save them from the persecution by the tyrannical Muslim ruler Mirkhshah.[8][10][11] Varun Dev morphed into a warrior and old man who preached and reprimanded Mirkhshah that Muslims and Hindus deserve the same religious freedoms. He, as Jhulelal,[8] became the champion of the people in Sindh, from both religions. Among his Sufi Muslim followers, Jhulelal is known as "Khwaja Khizir" or "Zindapir". The Hindu Sindhi, according to this legend, celebrate the new year as Uderolal's birthday.[8][10]
The tradition likely started with Daryapanthis. During the British colonial rule era, major annual fairs (melas) used to be held in Uderolal and Zindapir (near Hyderabad, Pakistan).[3] In contemporary times, the Sindhi community celebrates the festival of Cheti Chand with major fairs, feast parties, processions with jhankis (glimpse stage) of Jhulelal (an avatar of [Varun dev], similar to Vithoba),[12] other Hindu deities, and social dancing.[3]
On this day, many Sindhis take Baharana Sahib, a representation of Jhulelal, to a nearby river or lake. Baharana Sahib consists of jyot (oil lamp), misiri (crystal sugar), fota (cardamom), fal (fruits), and akha. Behind is kalash (water jar) and a nariyal (coconut) in it, covered with cloth, phool (flowers) and patta (leaves).[13][14] There is also a Murti (statue) of Pujya Jhulelal Devta. Cheti Chand is a major festival of Sindhi Hindus in India and Pakistan,[1] and also celebrated by the Hindu Sindhi diaspora around the world.[3][11]
Months (lunar)[edit | edit source]
| Month no. | Name[15][16] | Sindhi Naskh | Sindhi Nagari | Western months |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vēsākhu | ويساک | वेसाख | Mid April – Mid May |
| 2 | Jēthu | ڄيٺ | जेठ | Mid May – Mid June |
| 3 | Ākhāru | آکاڙ | आखर | Mid June – Mid July |
| 4 | Sānwanru/Srānu | سانوڻ/سراڻ | सावनवार | Mid July – Mid August |
| 5 | Baḍrō | بڊو | बडो | Mid August – Mid September |
| 6 | Asav/Asu | آساو/اسو | आसव | Mid September – Mid October |
| 7 | Katee | ڪتي | कती | Mid October – Mid November |
| 8 | Nahri/Nāhari/Manghiru | نھري/ناھري/منگھر | नाहरी | Mid November – Mid December |
| 9 | Pōhu | پوھ | पोह | Mid December – Mid January |
| 10 | Mānghu/Māghu | مانگھ/ماگھ | मांग | Mid January – Mid February |
| 11 | Phagunu/Phāgu | ڦڳڻ/ڦاڳ | फागुन | Mid February – Mid March |
| 12 | Chet/Chetru | چيٽ | चेट | Mid March – Mid April |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 S. Ramey (2008). Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125–127. ISBN 978-0-230-61622-6.
- ↑ "Sindhi : Sindhi Festivals: Festival Calendar 2018 : List Sindhi Festivals | The Sindhu World". thesindhuworld.com. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Mark-Anthony Falzon (2004). Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000. BRILL. pp. 60–63. ISBN 90-04-14008-5.
- ↑ "April 2019 / 2020 Sindhi Tipno Calendar Wallpaper, PDF Download". July 11, 2018. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
- ↑ "2020 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar". www.jhulelal.com. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
- ↑ "2021 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar". www.jhulelal.com. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ↑ "2022 – Sindhi / Hindu Calendar". www.jhulelal.com. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 S. Ramey (2008). Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 8, 36. ISBN 978-0-230-61622-6.
- ↑ "Jhulelal Jayanti 2021 (Cheti Chand) [Hindi]: जानिए झूलेलाल जी को विस्तार से". S A NEWS. 2021-04-09. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mark-Anthony Falzon (2004). Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000. BRILL. pp. 58–60. ISBN 90-04-14008-5.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 P. Pratap Kumar (2014). Contemporary Hinduism. Routledge. pp. 120–124. ISBN 978-1-317-54636-8.
- ↑ Mark-Anthony Falzon (2004). Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860–2000. BRILL. p. 60. ISBN 90-04-14008-5.
- ↑ "PHOTOS: How India celebrates New Year". Rediff. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
- ↑ "cheti chand, sindhi festivals, chaliho sahab - Festivals Of India". www.festivalsofindia.in. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
- ↑ "Sindhi Months". teejri.com. Retrieved 2026-02-25.
- ↑ Trumpp, Ernest (1872). Grammar of the Sindhi Language Compared with the Sanskrit-Prakrit and the Cognate Indian Vernaculars Ernes Trumpp. Trubner and C.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Images of Cheti Chand in Sindhunagar from Sindhunagar.com
- Recipe to make Tairi (an authentic Sindhi delicacy or Sweet Rice made on occasion of Chetichand) [1] from sindhirasoi.com
Template:Sindhi festivals Template:Sindh topics Template:New Year by Calendar
