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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Gandhinagar <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| name               = Gandhinagar <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| settlement_type                 = [[Capital city|Capital City]]
| settlement_type   = [[List of capitals in India|State capital city]]
| image_skyline                   = {{photomontage  
| image_skyline     = {{photomontage  
| photo1a = Akshardham Gandhinagar Gujarat.jpg
| photo1a = Akshardham Gandhinagar Gujarat.jpg
| photo2a = Mahatma Mandir-Gandhinagar.jpg
| photo2a = Mahatma Mandir-Gandhinagar.jpg
| photo3a = Gujarat science city6.jpg
| photo3a = Gujarat science city6.jpg
| photo2b = Gandhinagar Capital Railway Station Overview.jpg
| photo2b = Gandhinagar Capital Railway Station Overview.jpg
| size                            = 300
| size                            = 270
| spacing                        = 1
| spacing                        = 1
| position                        = centre
| position                        = centre
Line 18: Line 18:
| color                          = white
| color                          = white
}}
}}
| image_size                     = 400px
| image_size         = 270px
| image_caption                   = Clockwise: [[Akshardham (Gandhinagar)|Akshardham temple]], Gandhinagar Capital Railway Station Overview, Gujarat science city, Mahatma Mandir
| image_caption     = Clockwise, from top: [[Akshardham (Gandhinagar)|Akshardham temple]], [[Gandhinagar Capital railway station]] Overview, [[Gujarat Science City]], [[Mahatma Mandir]]
| map_alt                         =  
| blank_emblem_type  = Logo of the [[Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation]]
| map_caption                     =  
| blank_emblem_size  = 175px
| pushpin_map                    = India Gujarat#India
| blank_emblem_alt  =
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| image_blank_emblem = Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation logo.png
| pushpin_map_alt                =  
| map_alt           =  
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Gujarat
| map_caption       =  
| pushpin_relief                  = yes
| mapframe = yes
| coordinates                     = {{coord|23.223|N|72.650|E|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe-zoom = 11
| subdivision_type               = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| mapframe-marker = city
| subdivision_name               = {{IND}}
| pushpin_map        = India Gujarat#India#Asia
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat##Location in India##Location in Asia
| subdivision_type2               = [[District]]
| pushpin_mapsize    = 300
| subdivision_name1               = [[Gujarat]]
| coordinates       = {{Coord|region:IN-GJ_type:city|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name2               = [[Gandhinagar District|Gandhinagar]]
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| established_title               = <!-- Established -->
| subdivision_name   = {{IND}}
| established_date               = 16th March, 1960
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and Territories of India|State]]
| named_for                       = [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| founder                         =  
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Gujarat.svg}} [[Gujarat]]
| government_type                 = Mayor–Council
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gandhinagar District|Gandhinagar]]
| governing_body                 = [[Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| subdivision_name3  = [[North Gujarat]]
| area_footnotes                 = <ref name='Municipal Expansions'>{{cite web|title=Municipal Expansions|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms}}</ref>
| established_title = Established
| area_total_km2                 = 326
| established_date   = 16th March, 1960
| area_rank                       =  
| named_for         = [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
| elevation_footnotes             =  
| founder           =  
| elevation_m                     = 81
| government_type   = Mayor–Council
| population_total               = 292167
| governing_body     = [[Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation]]
| population_as_of               = 2011
| leader_party      = [[BJP]]
| population_footnotes           = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-gujarat.php|title=Gujarat (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts}}</ref>
| leader_title      = Mayor
| population_density_km2         = auto
| leader_name        = Meeraben Patel
| population_rank                 =  
| unit_pref         = Metric
| population_demonym             =  
| area_footnotes     = <ref name='Municipal Expansions'>{{cite news|title=Municipal Expansions|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 June 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|access-date=20 November 2020|archive-date=18 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818194323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics_type1             = Languages
| area_total_km2     = 326
| demographics1_title1           = Official
| area_rank         =  
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| elevation_footnotes =  
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| elevation_m       = 81
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN CODE]]
| population_total   = 292167
| postal_code                     = 382010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.findpincode.net/gujarat/gandhi-nagar/gandhinagar-gujarat-pincode-382010|title=PIN Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India|work=findpincode.net}}</ref>
| population_as_of   = 2011
| area_code                       = 079<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Change-in-Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar-phone-numbers/articleshow/35900696.cms|title=Change in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar phone numbers - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/gujarat/|title=Gujarat (India): Cities and Towns in Districts - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de|access-date=29 July 2023|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502062205/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-gujarat.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_code_type                 = Telephone code
| population_density_km2 = auto
| registration_plate             = GJ-18
| population_rank   =  
| website                         = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| population_demonym =  
| footnotes                       =  
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| leader_title2                  = Municipal Commissioner
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| leader_name2                    = Ratankanvar H. Gadhavicharan
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| leader_title3                  = Mayor
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| leader_name3                    = Rita Patel
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN CODE]]
| demographics1_info1            = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi]], and [[Indian English|English]]
| postal_code       = 382010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.findpincode.net/gujarat/gandhi-nagar/gandhinagar-gujarat-pincode-382010|title=PIN Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India|work=findpincode.net|access-date=19 March 2016|archive-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411131417/https://www.findpincode.net/gujarat/gandhi-nagar/gandhinagar-gujarat-pincode-382010|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_code         = 079<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Change-in-Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar-phone-numbers/articleshow/35900696.cms|title=Change in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar phone numbers - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-03|archive-date=3 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303230924/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Change-in-Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar-phone-numbers/articleshow/35900696.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate = GJ-18
| website           = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes         =  
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]|[[Hindi]]}}
}}
}}


'''Gandhinagar''' ({{IPAc-en|ɡ|ɑː|n|d|ᵻ|ˈ|n|ɑː|ɡ|ər}}, {{IPA-gu|ˈgɑːndʱinəgəɾ|lang|Gandhinagar.ogg|pronunciation}}) is the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] of the state of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. Gandhinagar is located approximately 23&nbsp;km north of [[Ahmedabad]], on the west central point of the [[Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project|Industrial corridor]] between [[Delhi]], the political [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] of [[India]], and [[Mumbai]], the financial capital of [[India]].
'''Gandhinagar''' ({{Indic Transl|gu|gāndhīnagara|'ɡaːnd̪ʱinəɡəɾᵊ|Gandhinagar.ogg}}) is the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] of the state of [[Gujarat]] in [[India]]. Gandhinagar is located approximately {{convert|23|km|mi}} north of [[Ahmedabad]], on the west central point of the industrial corridor between the megacities of [[Delhi]] and [[Mumbai]].


Gandhinagar lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, about 545&nbsp;km (338 miles) north of [[Mumbai]] and 901&nbsp;km (560 miles) southwest of [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National Informatics Centre |url=https://gandhinagar.nic.in/history/ |website=gandhinagar.nic.in |publisher=National Informatic |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>  
Gandhinagar lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, about {{convert|545|km|mi}} north of [[Mumbai]] and {{convert|901|km|mi}} southwest of [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National Informatics Centre |url=https://gandhinagar.nic.in/history/ |website=gandhinagar.nic.in |publisher=National Informatic |access-date=25 March 2020 |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325140048/https://gandhinagar.nic.in/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>  
The [[Akshardham (Gandhinagar)|Akshardham temple]] is located in Gandhinagar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbiifsccode.co.in/state-bank-of-india-sbi-ifsc-code/gujarat/gandhinagar|title=SBI IFSC Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India|work=Sbiifsccode.co.in}}</ref> There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise, partly because the state of Gujarat was the birthplace of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. For this reason, the planning was done by two Indian town planners: Prakash M Apte and H. K. Mewada, who had apprenticed with [[Le Corbusier]] in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gandhinagar Endangered: A Capital's Plan Dismantled |url=https://www.planetizen.com/node/49410 |website=planetizen.com |publisher=planetizen.com |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>
The [[Akshardham (Gandhinagar)|Akshardham temple]] is located in Gandhinagar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbiifsccode.co.in/state-bank-of-india-sbi-ifsc-code/gujarat/gandhinagar|title=SBI IFSC Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India|work=Sbiifsccode.co.in|access-date=20 July 2016|archive-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818183433/http://www.sbiifsccode.co.in/state-bank-of-india-sbi-ifsc-code/gujarat/gandhinagar|url-status=live}}</ref> There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise, partly because the state of Gujarat was the birthplace of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. For this reason, the planning was done by two Indian town planners: Prakash M Apte and H. K. Mewada, who had apprenticed with [[Le Corbusier]] in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gandhinagar Endangered: A Capital's Plan Dismantled |url=https://www.planetizen.com/node/49410 |website=planetizen.com |access-date=25 March 2020 |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325141522/https://www.planetizen.com/node/49410 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==Etymology==
The name of the city means "Gandhi's city" and it is named after [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/the-building-of-gandhinagar-history-growth-planning-8912247/|title=Hardlook: Why Gujarat's capital city — a greenfield project of the '60s — stands on a cusp|date=28 August 2023|access-date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903134822/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/the-building-of-gandhinagar-history-growth-planning-8912247/|url-status=live}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The city was planned by Chief Architect H.K. Mewada, a [[Cornell University]] graduate, and his assistant Prakash M Apte.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153939/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2011%2F05%2F31&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00103&AppName=1 New development plan will kill G’nagar, warns original planner]. ''The Times of India''.</ref><ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/indie/pmapte Architecture, Low Cost Housing, Regional Planning, Urban Development, Town Planner, Housing, India, Prakash, Madhusudan, Apte, Eisenhover, Gandhinagar, Urban Planning, Urban Growth]. Angelfire.com (21 June 2014).</ref><ref>The building of GANDHINAGAR NEW CAPITAL OF GUJARAT:INDIA, Prakash Madhusudan Apte, Power Publishers, March 2012</ref>
The city was planned by Chief Architect H.K. Mewada, a [[Cornell University]] graduate, and his assistant Prakash M Apte.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2011%2F05%2F31&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00103&AppName=1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 February 2013 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153939/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2011%2F05%2F31&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00103&AppName=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Apte |first=Prakash Madhusudan |date=2012 |title=The Building of Gandhinagar: New Capital of Gujarat, India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_hVk80LsGVkC |publisher=Prakash M Apte |isbn=9789381205532 |access-date=2 October 2023 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002040746/https://books.google.com/books?id=_hVk80LsGVkC |url-status=live }}</ref>{{when|date=August 2024}}  It was developed in the 1960s.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
 
{{As of|2011|alt=According to the 2011}} census of India, Gandhinagar had a population of 208,299. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gandhinagar has an average literacy rate of 90%. Male literacy is 91%, and female literacy is 89%. In Gandhinagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Over 95% of the population of Gandhinagar are [[Hindus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=City at a Glance – Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation |url=https://gandhinagarmunicipal.com/home/city-at-a-glance/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=gandhinagarmunicipal.com |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209134231/https://gandhinagarmunicipal.com/home/city-at-a-glance/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{As of|2001|alt=According to the 2001}} census of India, Gandhinagar had a population of 195,891. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gandhinagar has an average literacy rate of 77.11%. Male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 73%. In Gandhinagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Over 95% of the population of Gandhinagar are [[Hindus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Dinosaurs Park.jpg|thumb|left|Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park]]
[[File:Dinosaurs Park.jpg|thumb|left|Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park]]
Gandhinagar has an average elevation of {{convert|81|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The city sits on the banks of the [[Sabarmati River]], in north-central-east Gujarat. The 20,543&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> area around Gandhinagar is defined by Gujarat capital territory. Gandhinagar spans an area of {{convert|326|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name='Municipal Expansions'/> The river frequently dries up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water. Gandhinagar is India's tree capital With 54% green cover on its land area.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-22/developmental-issues/32788370_1_lakh-trees-social-forestry-greenest-cities | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130426175708/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-22/developmental-issues/32788370_1_lakh-trees-social-forestry-greenest-cities | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-04-26 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=With 54% green cover, Gandhinagar India's tree capital }}</ref>
Gandhinagar has an average elevation of {{convert|81|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The city sits on the banks of the [[Sabarmati River]], in north-central-east Gujarat. The 20,543&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> area around Gandhinagar is defined by Gujarat capital territory. Gandhinagar spans an area of {{convert|326|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name='Municipal Expansions'/> The river frequently dries up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water. Gandhinagar is India's tree capital with 54% green cover on its land area.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/developmental-issues/With-54-green-cover-Gandhinagar-Indias-tree-capital/articleshow/15084688.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130426175708/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-22/developmental-issues/32788370_1_lakh-trees-social-forestry-greenest-cities | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-04-26 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=With 54% green cover, Gandhinagar India's tree capital }}</ref>


==Governance and politics==
==Climate==
{{climate chart
|Gandhinagar
|11.6|27.8|0.5|14.7|31.0|0.0|19.1|35.9|0.8|24.0|39.4|0.7|27.9|41.8|1.3|28.5|38.9|91.0|26.6|33.4|284.1|25.7|31.8|270.8|25.2|33.2|109.5|21.8|35.2|12.5|17.2|32.5|1.8|12.4|29.4|0.6|source=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |title=IMD Data 1991-2020 |work=IMD.gov.in}}</ref>
|float=right
|clear=none}}


{{Further|Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation}}
Gandhinagar has a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh'') with three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. The climate is generally dry and hot outside of the monsoon season. The weather is hot to severely hot from March to May when the maximum temperature stays in the range of {{convert|36|to|42|C|F|abbr=on}}, and the minimum in the range of {{convert|19|to|27|C|F|abbr=on}}. It is pleasant in the winter days and quite chilling in the night during December to February. The average maximum temperature is around {{convert|29|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, the average minimum is {{convert|13|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, and the climate is extremely dry. The southwest [[monsoon]] brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September.<ref>{{cite web  
 
|publisher=Yahoo! Inc.
On 1 May 1960, Gujarat was created out of the 17 northern districts of former [[State of Bombay]]. These districts were further subdivided later on. There are 33 administrative districts in the state. Gandhinagar is a politics hub for the state of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-11|title=Gujarat State profile|url=https://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/gujarat-state-profile_70.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India - Gujarat|url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2eMGToVAT2kJ:https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/gujarat-1.htm+&cd=15&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|access-date=2020-08-18|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com}}</ref>
|title=Gandhinagar Weather – Records and Averages
|url=http://weather.yahoo.com/climo/INXX0048_f.html  
|access-date=4 September 2006
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514030021/http://weather.yahoo.com/climo/INXX0048_f.html
|archive-date=14 May 2006
|df=dmy
}}</ref> The average annual rainfall is around {{convert|773.6|mm|in|abbr=on}}.
{{Weather box
| location = Gandhinagar (1991–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| Jan record high C = 34.5
| Feb record high C = 38.1
| Mar record high C = 43.2
| Apr record high C = 44.6
| May record high C = 48.0
| Jun record high C = 45.0
| Jul record high C = 40.5
| Aug record high C = 36.7
| Sep record high C = 41.0
| Oct record high C = 39.2
| Nov record high C = 37.4
| Dec record high C = 36.5
|year record high C =
| Jan high C = 27.8
| Feb high C = 31.0
| Mar high C = 35.9
| Apr high C = 39.4
| May high C = 41.8
| Jun high C = 38.9
| Jul high C = 33.4
| Aug high C = 31.8
| Sep high C = 33.2
| Oct high C = 35.2
| Nov high C = 32.5
| Dec high C = 29.4
|year high C = 34.6
| Jan low C = 11.6
| Feb low C = 14.7
| Mar low C = 19.1
| Apr low C = 24.0
| May low C = 27.9
| Jun low C = 28.5
| Jul low C = 26.6
| Aug low C = 25.7
| Sep low C = 25.2
| Oct low C = 21.8
| Nov low C = 17.2
| Dec low C = 12.4
|year low C = 21.6
| Jan record low C = 3.6
| Feb record low C = 3.1
| Mar record low C = 7.0
| Apr record low C = 14.5
| May record low C = 19.2
| Jun record low C = 19.0
| Jul record low C = 21.3
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 19.4
| Oct record low C = 12.5
| Nov record low C = 7.6
| Dec record low C = 4.4
|year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.5
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.8
| Apr rain mm = 0.7
| May rain mm = 1.3
| Jun rain mm = 91.0
| Jul rain mm = 284.1
| Aug rain mm = 270.8
| Sep rain mm = 109.5
| Oct rain mm = 12.5
| Nov rain mm = 1.8
| Dec rain mm = 0.6
|year rain mm = 773.6
| Jan rain days = 0.1
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.1
| Apr rain days = 0.1
| May rain days = 0.0
| Jun rain days = 3.6
| Jul rain days = 10.9
| Aug rain days = 10.3
| Sep rain days = 5.4
| Oct rain days = 1.0
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.1
|year rain days = 31.9
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}


==Governance and politics==
{{bar box
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Gandhinagar
|title=Religions in Gandhinagar City (2011)
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|float=right
|bars=
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|94.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|94.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|03.29}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|3.29}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|2.25}}
}}
}}


Congress won the first municipality election in 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-21/ahmedabad/29458368_1_civic-poll-gandhinagar-municipal-corporation-gmc-elections | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411033929/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-21/ahmedabad/29458368_1_civic-poll-gandhinagar-municipal-corporation-gmc-elections | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-04-11 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Congress wins maiden Gandhinagar civic poll – ''The Times of India''}}</ref> [[Mahendrasinh Rana]] became the first mayor of the city. The [[17th Lok Sabha|current]] Member of the [[Lok Sabha]] for Gandhinagar is Amit Anil Chandra Shah from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{cite web |title=Seventeenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5021 |website=Lok Sabha House of the People |publisher=Parliament of India |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>
{{Further|Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation}}


Gandhinagar is also situated near the west command post of Indian Army and Indian Air force and also have a command centre in the city.
On 1 May 1960, Gujarat was created out of the 17 northern districts of the former [[State of Bombay]]. These districts were further subdivided later on. There are 33 administrative districts in the state. Gandhinagar is a political hub for the state of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-11|title=Gujarat State profile|url=https://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/gujarat-state-profile_70.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=17 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817032600/http://zeenews.india.com/slideshow/gujarat-state-profile_70.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India - Gujarat|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/gujarat-1.htm|access-date=2020-08-18|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>


Gandhinagar has recently developed Gujarat State Emergency Disaster Management centre.
Congress won the first municipal election in 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Congress-wins-maiden-Gandhinagar-civic-poll/articleshow/8046571.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411033929/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-21/ahmedabad/29458368_1_civic-poll-gandhinagar-municipal-corporation-gmc-elections | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-04-11 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Congress wins maiden Gandhinagar civic poll – ''The Times of India''}}</ref> [[Mahendrasinh Rana]] became the first mayor of the city. The [[17th Lok Sabha|current]] Member of the [[Lok Sabha]] for Gandhinagar is [[Amit Shah]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{cite web |title=Seventeenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5021 |website=Lok Sabha House of the People |publisher=Parliament of India |access-date=1 December 2019 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207130702/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5021 |url-status=live }}</ref>


{{climate chart
Gandhinagar is also situated near the west command post of the Indian Army and Indian Air force and also has a command centre in the city.
|Gandhinagar
|11.7|28.4|2.6
|13.8|31.3|1.1
|18.8|36.0|1.0
|23.4|39.9|0.9
|26.2|41.8|6.0
|27.0|38.4|108.7
|25.7|33.3|265.3
|24.8|31.9|219.8
|24.1|33.4|171.9
|20.9|35.8|10.8
|16.5|33.2|8.9
|13.0|29.8|2.6
|source=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/ahmedabad1.htm |title=IMD Data |work=IMD.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404022732/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/ahmedabad1.htm |archive-date=2009-04-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|float=left
|clear=none}}


==Climate==
Gandhinagar has recently developed the Gujarat State Emergency Disaster Management centre.
 
Gandhinagar has a [[tropical wet and dry climate]] with three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. The climate is generally dry and hot outside of the monsoon season. The weather is hot to severely hot from March to June when the maximum temperature stays in the range of {{convert|36|to|42|C|F|abbr=on}}, and the minimum in the range of {{convert|19|to|27|C|F|abbr=on}}. It is pleasant in the winter days and quite chilling in the night during December to February. The average maximum temperature is around {{convert|29|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, the average minimum is {{convert|14|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, and the climate is extremely dry. The southwest [[monsoon]] brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September.<ref>{{cite web
|publisher=Yahoo! Inc.
|title=Gandhinagar Weather – Records and Averages
|url=http://weather.yahoo.com/climo/INXX0048_f.html
|access-date=4 September 2006
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514030021/http://weather.yahoo.com/climo/INXX0048_f.html
|archive-date=14 May 2006
|df=dmy
}}</ref> The average annual rainfall is around {{convert|803.4|mm|in|abbr=on}}.


==Transport==
==Transport==
===Air===
===Air===
[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]] located in [[Ahmedabad]] is 18&nbsp;km away from Gandhinagar, providing both domestic and international flights.
[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]] located in [[Ahmedabad]] is 18&nbsp;km away from Gandhinagar, providing both domestic and international flights.
{{Wide image|Gandhinagar.jpg|800px|Gandhinagar city}}


===Rail===
===Rail===
[[Gandhinagar Capital railway station]] (GNC) is located in Sector 14. Many trains running on the western zones pass through Gandhinagar. Currently, there are five trains running from this station in which three are express trains and two are MEMU trains. Jaipur-Bandra Garib Rath, Haridwar mail for [[Delhi]] and [[Haridwar]] and [[Shanti Express]] for [[Indore Junction BG]] are main express trains running through this station.
[[Gandhinagar Capital railway station]] (GNC) is located in Sector 14. Many trains running on the western zones pass through Gandhinagar. Currently, there are five trains running from this station in which three are express trains and two are MEMU trains. Jaipur-Bandra Garib Rath, Haridwar mail for [[Delhi]] and [[Haridwar]] and [[Shanti Express]] for [[Indore Junction BG]] are main express trains running through this station.


Line 155: Line 236:
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:Gandhinagar Capital Railway Station.jpg|[[Gandhinagar Capital railway station]]
File:Gandhinagar Capital Railway Station.jpg|[[Gandhinagar Capital railway station]]
File:GandhinagarCityBus.jpg|Gandhinagar City Bus
File:Academic Area, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar.jpg|Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
File:Academic Area, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar.jpg|Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
File:GandhinagarCityBus.jpg|Gandhinagar City Bus
File:Mahatma Mandir as seen from Swarnim Park.tif|Mahatma Mandir as seen from Swarnim Park
File:Mahatma Mandir as seen from Swarnim Park.tif|Mahatma Mandir as seen from Swarnim Park
</gallery>
</gallery>


====Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad====
====Metro====
The governing body of Gujarat planned for [[rapid transit]] in the city by proposing the [[Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad]] (MEGA) also known as the Ahmedabad Metro. The contract for the four corridors of the system were awarded to [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC) which also manages the [[Delhi Metro]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Transportation/Govt-lines-up-Rs-1-lakh-cr-for-Metro-projects/articleshow/4623402.cms |title=Govt lines up Rs 1 lakh cr for Metro projects-Railways-Transportation-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date=6 June 2009 |access-date=26 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-06/ahmedabad/28172191_1_ahmedabad-gandhinagar-link-e-sreedharan-metro-link-express-gandhinagar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025080143/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-06/ahmedabad/28172191_1_ahmedabad-gandhinagar-link-e-sreedharan-metro-link-express-gandhinagar |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 October 2012 |title=Delhi Metro to discuss Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar link – Ahmedabad – City |date=6 June 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 July 2010}}</ref> [[Delhi Metro]] carried out a pre-feasibility survey in 2004–05. In 2003, when the project was conceived, its cost was worked out at Rs 45&nbsp; billion but the work for the metro was not started for the next 15 years, but now in 2019 it has again gained momentum because of partially completion of metro project in Ahmedabad.
Under Phase II of the [[Ahmedabad Metro]], total 22.8&nbsp;km long network connecting Gandhinagar with Ahmedabad is being constructed. The north–south line of the Ahmedabad Metro is being extended from Motera station to Mahatma Mandir station. A branch line will connect GNLU station to GIFT City station.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-15 |title=Ten firms bid for last section of Phase-2 of Ahmedabad Metro |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/firms-bid-last-section-phase-2-ahmedabad-metro-7917759/ |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611070152/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/firms-bid-last-section-phase-2-ahmedabad-metro-7917759/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
The DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd) has already done its techno-feasibility study and submitted its report.


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan city]]
* [[Software Technology Parks of India]]
* [[Software Technology Parks of India]]
* [[Gujarat National Law University]] (NLU)
* [[Gujarat National Law University]] (GNLU)


==References==
==References==
Line 173: Line 253:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Sister project links|Gandhinagar|voy=yes}}
{{Sisterlinks|Gandhinagar}}
* [http://www.guda.gujarat.gov.in/ Gandhinagar Urban Development Authority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728185422/http://www.guda.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=28 July 2017 }}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Gandhinagar}}
* [http://www.guda.gujarat.gov.in/ Gandhinagar Urban Development Authority]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217074551/http://gandhinagarmunicipalcorporation.com/ Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217074551/http://gandhinagarmunicipalcorporation.com/ Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation]


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[[Category:Indian capital cities]]<!--present day capital of Gujarat state-->
[[Category:Indian capital cities]]<!--present day capital of Gujarat state-->
[[Category:Memorials to Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Memorials to Mahatma Gandhi]]
[[Category:Planned cities in India]]
[[Category:Planned capital cities]]
[[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001]]
[[Category:Planned communities in India]]
[[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

Latest revision as of 17:36, 10 March 2026


This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Gandhinagar district.
For other uses, see Gandhinagar (disambiguation).
Gandhinagar
State capital city
Clockwise, from top: Akshardham temple, Gandhinagar Capital railway station Overview, Gujarat Science City, Mahatma Mandir
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Coordinates: Coordinates: Missing latitude
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Country India
State Gujarat
DistrictGandhinagar
RegionNorth Gujarat
Established16th March, 1960
Named forMahatma Gandhi
Government
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyGandhinagar Municipal Corporation
 • MayorMeeraben Patel (BJP)
Area
[1]
 • Total326 km2 (126 sq mi)
Elevation
81 m (266 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total292,167
 • Density900/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN CODE
382010[3]
Telephone code079[4]
Vehicle registrationGJ-18
Websitegujaratindia.com

Gandhinagar (Template:Indic Transl) is the capital of the state of Gujarat in India. Gandhinagar is located approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Ahmedabad, on the west central point of the industrial corridor between the megacities of Delhi and Mumbai.

Gandhinagar lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River, about 545 kilometres (339 mi) north of Mumbai and 901 kilometres (560 mi) southwest of Delhi.[5] The Akshardham temple is located in Gandhinagar.[6] There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise, partly because the state of Gujarat was the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. For this reason, the planning was done by two Indian town planners: Prakash M Apte and H. K. Mewada, who had apprenticed with Le Corbusier in Chandigarh.[7]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The name of the city means "Gandhi's city" and it is named after Mahatma Gandhi.[8]

History[edit | edit source]

The city was planned by Chief Architect H.K. Mewada, a Cornell University graduate, and his assistant Prakash M Apte.[9][10][when?] It was developed in the 1960s.

Demographics[edit | edit source]

According to the 2011 census of India, Gandhinagar had a population of 208,299. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gandhinagar has an average literacy rate of 90%. Male literacy is 91%, and female literacy is 89%. In Gandhinagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Over 95% of the population of Gandhinagar are Hindus.[11]

Geography[edit | edit source]

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park

Gandhinagar has an average elevation of 81 metres (266 feet). The city sits on the banks of the Sabarmati River, in north-central-east Gujarat. The 20,543 km2 area around Gandhinagar is defined by Gujarat capital territory. Gandhinagar spans an area of 326 km2 (126 sq mi).[1] The river frequently dries up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water. Gandhinagar is India's tree capital with 54% green cover on its land area.[12]

Climate[edit | edit source]

Gandhinagar
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
0.5
 
 
28
12
 
 
0
 
 
31
15
 
 
0.8
 
 
36
19
 
 
0.7
 
 
39
24
 
 
1.3
 
 
42
28
 
 
91
 
 
39
29
 
 
284
 
 
33
27
 
 
271
 
 
32
26
 
 
110
 
 
33
25
 
 
13
 
 
35
22
 
 
1.8
 
 
33
17
 
 
0.6
 
 
29
12
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [13]

Gandhinagar has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) with three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. The climate is generally dry and hot outside of the monsoon season. The weather is hot to severely hot from March to May when the maximum temperature stays in the range of 36 to 42 °C (97 to 108 °F), and the minimum in the range of 19 to 27 °C (66 to 81 °F). It is pleasant in the winter days and quite chilling in the night during December to February. The average maximum temperature is around 29 °C (84 °F), the average minimum is 13 °C (55 °F), and the climate is extremely dry. The southwest monsoon brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September.[14] The average annual rainfall is around 773.6 mm (30.46 in).

Climate data for Gandhinagar (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.5
(94.1) 		38.1
(100.6) 		43.2
(109.8) 		44.6
(112.3) 		48.0
(118.4) 		45.0
(113.0) 		40.5
(104.9) 		36.7
(98.1) 		41.0
(105.8) 		39.2
(102.6) 		37.4
(99.3) 		36.5
(97.7) 		48.0
(118.4)
Average high °C (°F) 27.8
(82.0) 		31.0
(87.8) 		35.9
(96.6) 		39.4
(102.9) 		41.8
(107.2) 		38.9
(102.0) 		33.4
(92.1) 		31.8
(89.2) 		33.2
(91.8) 		35.2
(95.4) 		32.5
(90.5) 		29.4
(84.9) 		34.6
(94.3)
Average low °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		14.7
(58.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		24.0
(75.2) 		27.9
(82.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.7
(78.3) 		25.2
(77.4) 		21.8
(71.2) 		17.2
(63.0) 		12.4
(54.3) 		21.6
(70.9)
Record low °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		7.0
(44.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		19.2
(66.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		21.3
(70.3) 		20.0
(68.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.4
(39.9) 		3.1
(37.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.5
(0.02) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.8
(0.03) 		0.7
(0.03) 		1.3
(0.05) 		91.0
(3.58) 		284.1
(11.19) 		270.8
(10.66) 		109.5
(4.31) 		12.5
(0.49) 		1.8
(0.07) 		0.6
(0.02) 		773.6
(30.46)
Average rainy days 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 3.6 10.9 10.3 5.4 1.0 0.3 0.1 31.9
Source: India Meteorological Department[15]

Governance and politics[edit | edit source]

Religions in Gandhinagar City (2011)
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 94.46%
Islam
 
 3.29%
Others
 
 2.25%
Further information: Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency), Chief Ministers of Gujarat, and Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation

On 1 May 1960, Gujarat was created out of the 17 northern districts of the former State of Bombay. These districts were further subdivided later on. There are 33 administrative districts in the state. Gandhinagar is a political hub for the state of Gujarat.[16][17]

Congress won the first municipal election in 2011.[18] Mahendrasinh Rana became the first mayor of the city. The current Member of the Lok Sabha for Gandhinagar is Amit Shah from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[19]

Gandhinagar is also situated near the west command post of the Indian Army and Indian Air force and also has a command centre in the city.

Gandhinagar has recently developed the Gujarat State Emergency Disaster Management centre.

Transport[edit | edit source]

Air[edit | edit source]

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport located in Ahmedabad is 18 km away from Gandhinagar, providing both domestic and international flights.

Rail[edit | edit source]

Gandhinagar Capital railway station (GNC) is located in Sector 14. Many trains running on the western zones pass through Gandhinagar. Currently, there are five trains running from this station in which three are express trains and two are MEMU trains. Jaipur-Bandra Garib Rath, Haridwar mail for Delhi and Haridwar and Shanti Express for Indore Junction BG are main express trains running through this station.

Ahmedabad Railway Station (ADI) in Kalupur Ahmedabad is the nearest rail junction (25 km away) which provides connectivity with all the major cities and towns of India. The Indian Railways transports are available for moving in northern India and eastern India from Kalol Junction railway station (KLL).

Metro[edit | edit source]

Under Phase II of the Ahmedabad Metro, total 22.8 km long network connecting Gandhinagar with Ahmedabad is being constructed. The north–south line of the Ahmedabad Metro is being extended from Motera station to Mahatma Mandir station. A branch line will connect GNLU station to GIFT City station.[20]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Municipal Expansions". The Times of India. 19 June 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  2. ↑ "Gujarat (India): Cities and Towns in Districts - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  3. ↑ "PIN Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India". findpincode.net. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  4. ↑ "Change in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar phone numbers - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "National Informatics Centre". gandhinagar.nic.in. National Informatic. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  6. ↑ "SBI IFSC Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India". Sbiifsccode.co.in. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "Gandhinagar Endangered: A Capital's Plan Dismantled". planetizen.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  8. ↑ "Hardlook: Why Gujarat's capital city — a greenfield project of the '60s — stands on a cusp". 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ↑ Apte, Prakash Madhusudan (2012). The Building of Gandhinagar: New Capital of Gujarat, India. Prakash M Apte. ISBN 9789381205532. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  11. ↑ "City at a Glance – Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation". gandhinagarmunicipal.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  12. ↑ "With 54% green cover, Gandhinagar India's tree capital". The Times of India.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  13. ↑ "IMD Data 1991-2020" (PDF). IMD.gov.in.
  14. ↑ "Gandhinagar Weather – Records and Averages". Yahoo! Inc. Archived from the original on 14 May 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
  15. ↑ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  16. ↑ "Gujarat State profile". Zee News. 11 December 2012. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  17. ↑ "India - Gujarat". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  18. ↑ "Congress wins maiden Gandhinagar civic poll – The Times of India". The Times of India.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  19. ↑ "Seventeenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile". Lok Sabha House of the People. Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  20. ↑ "Ten firms bid for last section of Phase-2 of Ahmedabad Metro". The Indian Express. 15 May 2022. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.

External links[edit | edit source]

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