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[[File:Chumar.jpg|thumb|right|300px|{{Center|Map showing Chumar}}]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
'''Chumar''' is a place in the [[provence]]s of [[Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gomapper.com/travel/where-is/chumar-located.html |title=Where is Chumar in Jammu and Kashmir, India Located? |author= |date= |website= |publisher=GoMapper |accessdate=29 December 2015}}</ref> The area is claimed by both [[China]] and [[India]].<ref name=Reuters>{{cite web |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/india-china-idINKCN0HI10C20140923 |title=Chinese and Indian troops in Himalayan standoff |author=Sanjeev Miglani; Fayaz Bukhari |date=23 September 2014 |website= |publisher=Thomson Reuters |accessdate=29 December 2015}}</ref> According to China's [[Ministry of Defence]] "the two countries’ border, to this day, has not been designated".<ref name=Reuters/> The problem is that for [[century|centuries]], the [[wikt:sparse|sparse]]ly [[Population|inhabited]] [[mountain]]ous region existed as a [[buffer zone]] between [[empire]]s.<ref name=FaircloughWSJ>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/india-china-border-standoff-high-in-the-mountains-thousands-of-troops-go-toe-to-toe-1414704602 |title=India-China Border Standoff: High in the Mountains, Thousands of Troops Go Toe-to-Toe |author=Gordon Fairclough |date=30 October 2014 |website= |publisher=Wall Street Journal |accessdate=29 December 2015}}</ref> A [[Border dispute|border war]] broke out in 1962 that has to date killed thousands of [[soldier]]s. The tension between the two countries has come and gone but is now raised again.<ref name=FaircloughWSJ/>
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Chumar
| native_name            =  
| native_name_lang        =  
| other_name              = Chumur
| nickname                =  
| settlement_type        = Village
| pushpin_map            = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_relief = y
| pushpin_label_position  =  
| pushpin_map_alt        = Chumar in Ladakh
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Ladakh, India
| coordinates            = {{coord|32.67|N|78.56|E |display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1      = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Leh district|Leh]]
| subdivision_type3      = [[List of tehsils in India|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3      = [[Nyoma]]
| established_title      = <!-- Established -->
| established_date        =
| founder                =
| named_for              =
| government_type        = Halqa Panchayat
| governing_body          =
| unit_pref              = Metric
| area_footnotes          =
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| elevation_m            = 5100
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| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =  
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| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1    = [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Hindi]]
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1            = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
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| footnotes              =
| official_name          =
| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}


== References ==
'''Chumar''' (or '''Chumur''') is a village and a border patrol facility located in south-eastern [[Ladakh]], India. It is in [[Rupshu]] block, south of the [[Tso Moriri]] lake, on the bank of the [[Parang River]] (or ''Pare Chu''), close to Ladakh's border with Tibet.<ref>
{{reflist}}  
[http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/pdf/panchayat%20election%202017/Know_ur_PanchBLO/Leh.pdf Panchayat Data], Government of Jammu and Kashmir, 2017. Accessed on 12 October 2020.
{{commons}}
</ref><ref>
{{politics-stub}}
{{harvp|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890|p=278}}: "A village in the Rupshu district, on the left bank of the Para river, which here turns south and eventually joins the Sutlej."</ref> Since 2012, China disputes the border in this area, though the Chumur village itself is undisputed.<ref>
{{cite news|last=Aroor|first=Shiv|author-link=Shiv Aroor|date=2013-09-05|title=Chinese Army has occupied 640 square km in three Ladakh sectors, says report|newspaper=India Today|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/chinese-army-occupied-640-square-km-three-ladakh-sectors-report/1/305652.html|access-date=12 October 2020}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news|last=Tiwary|first=Deeptiman|date=2014-01-08|title=Chinese troops enter Ladakh every 14 days|newspaper=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Chinese-troops-enter-Ladakh-every-14-days/articleshow/28530044.cms|access-date=12 October 2020}}
</ref>


[[Category:Territorial disputes of India]]
== Sino-Indian border dispute ==
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir]]
{{further|Sino-Indian border dispute|Chepzi#Border incidents}}
 
Chumar has been one of the most active areas on the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) in terms of interactions between Chinese and Indian troops. Located 190&nbsp;km northwest of [[Zanda County|Zanda]], it had long been an area of discomfort for the Chinese troops as, until 2014, Chumar had been one of the relatively few places along the Sino-Indian border where the Chinese had no roads near the LAC.<ref>
{{cite news|last=Kondapalli|first=Srikanth|date=6 May 2013|title=The fallout of China's Depsang plains transgression - Rediff.com India News|newspaper=Rediff News|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/column/the-fallout-of-chinas-depsang-plains-transgression/20130506.htm|access-date=2014-04-20}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news|date=2013-07-10|title=China defends its latest incursion into Ladakh's Chumar sector|publisher=Indian Express|agency=PTI|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/china-defends-its-latest-incursion-into-ladakhs-chumar-sector/1140119/|access-date=12 October 2020}}
</ref>
 
According to [[Phunchok Stobdan]], "In Chumar, China probably wants a straight border from PT (point) 4925 to PT 5318 to bring the Tible-Mane area under its control", in essence removing the bulge along the LAC at Chumar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Datta|first=Sujan|date=17 September 2014|title=Face-off on border on eve of Modi-Xi date|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/face-off-on-border-on-eve-of-modi-xi-date/cid/316458|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Telegraph India}}</ref> The Chinese opened up this new front of the border dispute in Chumar in 2012, prior to that, the border here was the International Border and not the Line of Actual Control.<ref name=":0" />
 
As part of the resolution to the [[2013 Depsang standoff]], the Indian side agreed to take down some bunkers in Chumar in return for the Chinese withdrawing from the Depsang standoff area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2014-09-22|others=PTI|title=Indo-China stand-off worsens: Chinese pitch seven tents in Chumar|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140921/nation-current-affairs/article/chinese-pitch-seven-tents-chumar-stand-continues|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news|author=Joshi|first=Manoj|date=7 May 2013|title=Making sense of the Depsang incursion|publisher=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/making-sense-of-the-depsang-incursion/article4689838.ece|access-date=12 October 2020}}
</ref>
 
A road from Chumar leads up to the LAC. Along this road near the LAC, there is an Indian post at Point 30R, or known simply as 30R. 30R gets its name from being at a sharp elevation of 30 metres as compared to its surroundings.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Sushant|date=2020-06-16|title=Explained: Six years ago, how a standoff in Ladakh ended after discussion|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/six-years-ago-how-a-faceoff-in-ladakh-ended-after-discussion-6444735/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> PLA patrols often come up to 30R.<ref name=":1" /> However they are at a tactical disadvantage since vehicles cannot come up to 30R; they have even tried using horses to enter the area.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> The Chinese have tried constructing a road across 30R, including in 2014 when they claimed they had orders to build a road till Tible, but they have been stopped from doing so by India.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> During the 2014 standoff here, Chinese troops had also positioned themselves on 30R, and had even heavy machinery with them for road construction.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fairclough|first=Gordon|date=2014-10-30|title=India-China Border Standoff: High in the Mountains, Thousands of Troops Go Toe-to-Toe|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/india-china-border-standoff-high-in-the-mountains-thousands-of-troops-go-toe-to-toe-1414704602|access-date=2020-10-12|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Chinese troops have also been reported to have removed Indian surveillance cameras from the area.<ref name=":1" /> The 2014 faceoff at Chumar, which started on 10 September, started days before President Xi visited India and continued even as he was in India.<ref>
{{cite news|author=Gupta|first=Shishir|date=16 September 2014|title=China, India in border skirmish ahead of Xi visit|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chinese-civilians-intrude-into-ladakh-area/article1-1264293.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915211512/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chinese-civilians-intrude-into-ladakh-area/article1-1264293.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 September 2014|access-date=2014-09-15}}
</ref> Indian media quoting army source said that nearly 1000 Chinese soldiers had entered Indian territory in the Chumur sector on the day Xi was in India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-18|title=Nearly 1,000 Chinese soldiers enter India|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/nearly-1000-chinese-soldiers-enter-india-416068.html|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>
 
== Transport ==
 
Chumar is connected motarable roads to [[Rayul Lake]]<!-- Per wikipedia guidelines, retain the redlink to encourage article creation.--> nearly 50 km in the north, [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]] nearly 100 km in the east, [[Tso Moriri]] nearly 60 km north, [[Meroo, Leh|Meroo]] on [[National Highway 3 (India)|NH-3]] nearly 225 km north.
 
In 2020, construction of a new ~150 km long road linking Chumar in Ladakh to [[Poo, Himachal Pradesh|Pooh]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]] was approved.<ref name=nr1>[https://theprint.in/defence/modi-govts-infra-push-along-china-border-2-new-roads-alternate-route-to-daulat-beg-oldie/502013/ Modi govt's infra push along China border — 2 new roads, alternate route to Daulat Beg Oldie], The Print, 15 September 2020.</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Parang River]]
* [[List of disputed territories of India]]
* [[Line of Actual Control]]
* [[Demchok sector]]
* [[2013 Depsang standoff]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==Bibliography==
* {{citation |title=Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43256/page/n7 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |year=1890 |ref={{sfnref|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890}}}}
* {{citation |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |title=Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical |publisher=Wm. H. Allen and Co |location=London |year=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladakphysicalsta00cunnrich |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Cunningham, Ladak|1854}}}}
* {{citation |last=Strachey |first=Henry |title=Physical Geography of Western Tibet |publisher=William Clows and Sons |location=London |date=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeograp00stragoog |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Strachey, Physical Geography of Western Tibet|1854}}}}
 
==External links==
* [https://mil.sina.cn/sd/2014-10-22/detail-iawrnsfu3020531.d.html Article] about the 2014 Chumar confrontation from Sina Military
 
{{Ladakh}}
{{Leh district}}
 
[[Category:Villages in Nyoma tehsil]]
[[Category:Borders of Ladakh]]

Latest revision as of 01:02, 15 February 2022

Chumar
Chumur
Village
Chumar in Ladakh
Chumar in Ladakh
Chumar
Location in Ladakh, India
Chumar in Ladakh
Chumar in Ladakh
Chumar
Chumar (India)
Coordinates: 32°40′N 78°34′E / 32.67°N 78.56°E / 32.67; 78.56Coordinates: 32°40′N 78°34′E / 32.67°N 78.56°E / 32.67; 78.56
Country India
Union TerritoryLadakh
DistrictLeh
TehsilNyoma
Government
 • TypeHalqa Panchayat
Elevation
5,100 m (16,700 ft)
Languages
 • OfficialLadakhi, Hindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Lua error in Module:Mapframe at line 764: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).

Chumar (or Chumur) is a village and a border patrol facility located in south-eastern Ladakh, India. It is in Rupshu block, south of the Tso Moriri lake, on the bank of the Parang River (or Pare Chu), close to Ladakh's border with Tibet.[1][2] Since 2012, China disputes the border in this area, though the Chumur village itself is undisputed.[3][4]

Sino-Indian border dispute[edit]

Further information: Sino-Indian border dispute and Chepzi § Border incidents

Chumar has been one of the most active areas on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in terms of interactions between Chinese and Indian troops. Located 190 km northwest of Zanda, it had long been an area of discomfort for the Chinese troops as, until 2014, Chumar had been one of the relatively few places along the Sino-Indian border where the Chinese had no roads near the LAC.[5][6]

According to Phunchok Stobdan, "In Chumar, China probably wants a straight border from PT (point) 4925 to PT 5318 to bring the Tible-Mane area under its control", in essence removing the bulge along the LAC at Chumar.[7] The Chinese opened up this new front of the border dispute in Chumar in 2012, prior to that, the border here was the International Border and not the Line of Actual Control.[7]

As part of the resolution to the 2013 Depsang standoff, the Indian side agreed to take down some bunkers in Chumar in return for the Chinese withdrawing from the Depsang standoff area.[8][9]

A road from Chumar leads up to the LAC. Along this road near the LAC, there is an Indian post at Point 30R, or known simply as 30R. 30R gets its name from being at a sharp elevation of 30 metres as compared to its surroundings.[10] PLA patrols often come up to 30R.[8] However they are at a tactical disadvantage since vehicles cannot come up to 30R; they have even tried using horses to enter the area.[10][8] The Chinese have tried constructing a road across 30R, including in 2014 when they claimed they had orders to build a road till Tible, but they have been stopped from doing so by India.[10][8] During the 2014 standoff here, Chinese troops had also positioned themselves on 30R, and had even heavy machinery with them for road construction.[11] Chinese troops have also been reported to have removed Indian surveillance cameras from the area.[8] The 2014 faceoff at Chumar, which started on 10 September, started days before President Xi visited India and continued even as he was in India.[12] Indian media quoting army source said that nearly 1000 Chinese soldiers had entered Indian territory in the Chumur sector on the day Xi was in India.[13]

Transport[edit]

Chumar is connected motarable roads to Rayul Lake nearly 50 km in the north, Hanle nearly 100 km in the east, Tso Moriri nearly 60 km north, Meroo on NH-3 nearly 225 km north.

In 2020, construction of a new ~150 km long road linking Chumar in Ladakh to Pooh in Himachal Pradesh was approved.[14]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Panchayat Data, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, 2017. Accessed on 12 October 2020.
  2. ↑ Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak (1890), p. 278: "A village in the Rupshu district, on the left bank of the Para river, which here turns south and eventually joins the Sutlej."
  3. ↑ Aroor, Shiv (5 September 2013). "Chinese Army has occupied 640 square km in three Ladakh sectors, says report". India Today. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  4. ↑ Tiwary, Deeptiman (8 January 2014). "Chinese troops enter Ladakh every 14 days". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  5. ↑ Kondapalli, Srikanth (6 May 2013). "The fallout of China's Depsang plains transgression - Rediff.com India News". Rediff News. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  6. ↑ "China defends its latest incursion into Ladakh's Chumar sector". Indian Express. PTI. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Datta, Sujan (17 September 2014). "Face-off on border on eve of Modi-Xi date". Telegraph India. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 "Indo-China stand-off worsens: Chinese pitch seven tents in Chumar". Deccan Chronicle. PTI. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. ↑ Joshi, Manoj (7 May 2013). "Making sense of the Depsang incursion". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Singh, Sushant (16 June 2020). "Explained: Six years ago, how a standoff in Ladakh ended after discussion". The Indian Express. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  11. ↑ Fairclough, Gordon (30 October 2014). "India-China Border Standoff: High in the Mountains, Thousands of Troops Go Toe-to-Toe". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  12. ↑ Gupta, Shishir (16 September 2014). "China, India in border skirmish ahead of Xi visit". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "Nearly 1,000 Chinese soldiers enter India". Deccan Herald. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  14. ↑ Modi govt's infra push along China border — 2 new roads, alternate route to Daulat Beg Oldie, The Print, 15 September 2020.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

  • Article about the 2014 Chumar confrontation from Sina Military

Template:Leh district

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